63:
36:
710:
Frigid polar high-pressure air masses commonly reach the area. Average temperatures range from 10.5°C to 11.5°C during summer months, -19°C to -16°C during winter months, and -5°C to -2°C throughout the year. Precipitation levels vary greatly within the region due to differences in temperature, with the eastern and western areas receiving an annual average of 500-800 mm and the northern areas as little as 400 mm.
317:
709:
and is significantly influenced by the adjacent marine area of Hudson Bay, which features cold and moisture-laden low-pressure systems. Typical seasonal conditions in the
Southern Hudson Bay taiga consist of brief, cool summers with significant daylight, and cold winters with prolonged darkness.
734:. The Hudson Plains have become "notorious for their populations of biting insects". Vegetation is somewhat limited, with the northern areas abutting the Arctic Archipelago Marine being nearly treeless, whereas the southern extent, adjacent to the Boreal Shield, have open forest.
1089:
With an average population density estimated at less than 1 person/km, the majority of the human population in the
Southern Hudson Bay taiga is concentrated in a number of smaller towns and communities located along the southern coast of
1210:
and the regulation of hunt camps. Estimates indicate that the
Southern Hudson Bay taiga will experience an increase in temperature of 3.39°C and an increase in precipitation of 13.32 mm by 2050 as a result of
575:, slightly acidic pH levels, and hydromorphic conditions. The Southern Hudson Bay taiga represents an area where a number of hydrologically significant rivers, such as the
1316:
1338:
1907:
1917:
1912:
1487:
1922:
1601:
1400:
457:
229:
1727:
461:
477:, the Southern Hudson Bay taiga covers an area of approximately 373,735 square kilometres (144,300 sq mi) and crosses the provinces of
1892:
1186:
most in need of conservation efforts. Approximately 9.32% of all lands in the
Southern Hudson Bay taiga are considered protected including
1842:
1433:
958:
conditions in the northern extent of the region, a latitudinal gradient of plant biodiversity exists which increases towards the south.
1224:
553:
466:
131:
1877:
706:
1024:
974:
549:
116:
1563:
1525:
545:
136:
621:, with an elevation rarely exceeding 120 m. The relatively flat land slopes gently toward the two bays, which act as a
1867:
541:
349:
280:
121:
1887:
1872:
1371:
1350:
1902:
344:
1194:, and Jog Lake Conservation Reserve. As a result of its more northern latitude, the area is not subject to intense
1187:
1175:
513:
438:
354:
1174:
as relatively stable/intact as a result of its sparse, low-impact human presence. It is therefore not part of the
508:
Its historical prominence is due to the harshness endured by pioneer explorers who established fortifications for
1897:
1119:
637:
264:
1495:
1301:
1282:
909:, the Southern Hudson Bay taiga contains a total of 1178 different plant species – none of which are considered
1434:"FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World | FAO SOILS PORTAL | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations"
1147:
1115:
1111:
781:
yearly migratory route, which reaches the northwestern coast of
Ontario. In autumn, polar bears migrate to the
512:, and as a result of regional wars between France and Britain. Today, it is primarily noted for the well-known
1705:
625:
for the region. However, the relatively poor drainage system has spurred the natural development of numerous
1612:
1412:
1155:
1143:
1107:
950:
802:
509:
1491:
1735:
1804:
1639:; Berg, Alexis; Noemi Vergopolan; McVicar, Tim R.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Beck, Hylke E. (2018-10-30).
1310:
1013:
973:, the animal populations of the Southern Hudson Bay taiga are largely transitional between those of the
868:
1652:
1191:
556:. Prominent geological features in the region include the Hudson Platform and an underlying layer of
517:
44:
1882:
1167:
1095:
970:
903:
806:
786:
592:
81:
1636:
1408:
1375:
1019:
856:
20:
1847:
1458:
62:
35:
1678:
1346:
1077:
1065:
702:
645:
421:
268:
126:
1668:
1660:
1296:
1203:
1151:
1071:
1043:
896:
832:
The adjacent marine ecozone of the Arctic
Archipelago Marine supports mammal populations of
659:
1055:
860:
855:
stage and nest in multiple areas of the Hudson Plains, particularly in three areas within
826:
774:
appearing further south. Poorly drained areas produce dense sedge, moss and lichen cover.
630:
580:
785:
forming along the coast of Hudson Bay. The bears then follow the Hudson Bay Coast toward
1656:
1673:
1640:
1212:
1001:
932:
622:
533:
521:
1158:
had exclusive commercial rights until it was sold to the
Canadian government in 1870.
1861:
1199:
1103:
995:
926:
678:
644:. Hence, this ecozone is transitional, which is easily evident as it transforms from
641:
606:
323:
40:
809:
are comfortable in this environment, but smaller mammals are more common, including
497:
are also considered to be part of the ecoregion. It includes the largest continuous
1608:
1571:
1533:
906:
876:
841:
837:
771:
743:
690:
614:
584:
576:
316:
1831:
1257:
1202:
pressures. The primary conservation concerns for the region surround the proposed
591:. Alternative geographic classifications also commonly refer to the region as the
1641:"Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution"
1049:
845:
686:
618:
603:
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1179:
1091:
990:
880:
872:
864:
818:
778:
682:
663:
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442:
52:
936:) forests. Species which commonly dominate the forest undergrowth are birch (
244:
231:
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1171:
1123:
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1028:
963:
914:
892:
767:
763:
560:
557:
537:
490:
434:
68:
1682:
1664:
532:
The
Southern Hudson Bay taiga is contained within the conceptually larger
1139:
1099:
1007:
910:
790:
782:
755:
747:
731:
564:
478:
393:
196:
86:
48:
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986:
959:
810:
670:
626:
610:
568:
502:
498:
494:
482:
403:
398:
206:
191:
1836:
1756:
978:
955:
938:
833:
822:
814:
794:
739:
727:
655:
648:
486:
474:
408:
380:
201:
178:
1059:). Other species which can be found throughout the entirety of the
1135:
1037:
944:
921:
918:
852:
798:
759:
735:
693:
are evident where rebound from glacier retreat is most prominent.
652:
449:
446:
98:
93:
1283:"Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth"
1131:
1127:
982:
888:
884:
674:
966:
are estimated to occupy between 50 and 75% of the land area.
751:
723:
719:
633:, with which it overlaps in a few areas to the east and west.
777:
The Hudson Plains also represent the southern extent of the
1302:
10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
1146:
during the 17th century and played an integral role in the
1853:
Map of
Traditional Indigenous Territories in North America
1852:
1780:
1142:
peoples. The region also witnessed the development of the
563:
bedrock. Its soils, which are primarily Gelic and
Dystric
977:
and Low Arctic tundra. The region contains a total of 45
613:
have formed into a wide and level plain characterised by
750:
are the most common plant species in the treed bogs and
583:, deposit their headwaters from farther inland into the
1532:. Environmental Commissioner of Ontario. Archived from
19:
For the landform covering the same general region, see
1726:
Hogan, C. Michael (2008). Stromberg, Nicklas (ed.).
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386:
376:
368:
363:
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80:
75:
28:
1805:"Hudson's Bay Company | The Canadian Encyclopedia"
677:and wetlands. The Hudson Plains is also noted for
658:in the south. These forests resemble those of the
1832:WWF Report of Southern Hudson Bay Taiga Ecoregion
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1550:
913:to the area. The major plant communities in this
730:populations that are a food source for migratory
520:, as well as its vast wetlands which are used by
1343:Canada's Ecozones, Canadian Biodiversity project
1281:Olson, D. M, E. Dinerstein; et al. (2001).
718:Referred to as an "insect-infested landscape of
1258:"Southern Hudson Bay taiga | Ecoregions | WWF"
1170:has classified the conservation status of the
1150:. It was part of a larger area referred to as
669:Thousands of depressions carved by retreating
505:'s landmass, and 3.6% of Canada's total area,
1482:
1480:
1478:
8:
1315:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
501:in the world. It covers nearly a quarter of
452:. The region is nearly coterminous with the
441:, which extends along the southern coast of
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
707:Köppen-Geiger climate classification system
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1372:"The State of Canada's Environment — 1996"
770:dominate the open bogs to the north, with
1672:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1300:
571:, are characterized by shallow layers of
372:373,718 km (144,293 sq mi)
170:373,735 km (144,300 sq mi)
1785:Native-land.ca - Our home on native land
1457:Canada, Natural Resources (2013-10-07).
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
863:, and the migratory bird sanctuaries at
689:along the coast of Hudson Bay. Belts of
640:ecozone, and to the south is the milder
462:Commission for Environmental Cooperation
67:Extent of the Southern Hudson Bay taiga
1236:
989:species. The coastal areas of southern
536:and possesses a number of neighbouring
114:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1308:
306:
25:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1570:. Bird Studies Canada. Archived from
1520:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1512:
924:, primarily consist of black spruce (
871:. Representative species include the
7:
1126:is the traditional territory of the
1908:Ecozones and ecoregions of Manitoba
1918:Ecozones and ecoregions of Ontario
1913:Ecozones and ecoregions of Nunavut
1757:"The Atlas of Global Conservation"
1568:Canadian Bird Conservation Regions
1564:"Taiga Shield & Hudson Plains"
1488:"State of the Environment Reports"
1225:List of ecoregions in Canada (WWF)
917:, which are characteristic of the
554:Midwestern Canadian Shield forests
467:North American Environmental Atlas
132:Midwestern Canadian Shield forests
14:
1923:Ecozones and ecoregions of Quebec
1843:FAO/UNESCO Soil Map of the World
1837:The Atlas of Global Conservation
1349:, Redpath Museum. Archived from
327:) forest typical of this ecozone
315:
61:
34:
1025:Central Canadian Shield forests
975:Central Canadian Shield forests
550:Central Canadian Shield forests
117:Central Canadian Shield forests
1809:www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca
1708:. Canadian Wildlife Federation
754:of the Hudson Plains, whereas
546:Northern Canadian Shield taiga
445:and resides within the larger
137:Northern Canadian Shield taiga
1:
1893:Geography of Northern Ontario
1728:"Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus"
1611:. Autumn 2003. Archived from
542:Eastern Canadian Shield taiga
485:, and the western portion of
122:Eastern Canadian Shield taiga
948:), and marsh Labrador tea (
1939:
1188:Polar Bear Provincial Park
514:Polar Bear Provincial Park
458:ecoregion of North America
18:
1839:by the Nature Conservancy
993:are home to polar bears (
638:Arctic Archipelago Marine
636:To its north is the cold
629:. It is encircled by the
516:, and to a lesser extent
431:Southern Hudson Bay taiga
314:
60:
33:
29:Southern Hudson Bay taiga
16:Taiga ecoregion of Canada
1878:Taiga and boreal forests
1162:Conservation and threats
1148:North American fur trade
609:deposits overlaying the
285:Relatively Stable/Intact
1602:"Hudson Plains Ecozone"
1530:The Ecozones of Ontario
951:Rhododendron tomentosum
726:", it teems with large
437:, as classified by the
51:. Note the presence of
1665:10.1038/sdata.2018.214
1494:. 1997. Archived from
851:Millions of migratory
1459:"The Atlas of Canada"
1405:Hudson Plains Ecozone
1075:), and Canada goose (
1017:), and tundra swans (
1014:Delphinapterus leucas
867:and the mouth of the
651:in the north to open
489:. Various islands in
460:as designated by the
1868:Ecoregions of Canada
1492:Manitoba Environment
1337:Bernhardt, Torsten.
1192:Wapusk National Park
1156:Hudson's Bay Company
1144:Hudson's Bay Company
1053:), and Canada lynx (
1035:gives way to moose (
701:The ecoregion has a
518:Wapusk National Park
510:Hudson's Bay Company
473:Entirely located in
99:Boreal forests/taiga
45:Wapusk National Park
1888:Wetlands of Ontario
1873:Nearctic ecoregions
1848:The Atlas of Canada
1657:2018NatSD...580214B
1262:World Wildlife Fund
1168:World Wildlife Fund
1023:). Approaching the
971:species composition
662:zone, with sparser
593:Hudson Bay Lowlands
439:World Wildlife Fund
281:Conservation status
241: /
1903:Ecozones of Canada
1732:Globaltwitcher.com
1409:Environment Canada
1376:Environment Canada
1069:), snowshoe hare (
1020:Cygnus columbianus
1011:), beluga whales (
857:Southern James Bay
21:Hudson Bay Lowland
1347:McGill University
1078:Branta canadensis
1066:Rangifer tarandus
999:), arctic foxes (
902:Belonging to the
703:subarctic climate
433:is a terrestrial
427:
426:
305:
304:
265:Humid continental
245:53.943°N 85.390°W
127:Low Arctic tundra
1930:
1898:Plains of Canada
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1777:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1753:
1740:
1739:
1734:. Archived from
1723:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1713:
1702:
1687:
1686:
1676:
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1627:
1626:
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1469:
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1430:
1424:
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1411:. Archived from
1397:
1386:
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1368:
1362:
1361:
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1334:
1321:
1320:
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1306:
1304:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1254:
1094:. These include
1072:Lepus americanus
1044:Ursus americanus
1041:), black bears (
930:) and tamarack (
907:floristic region
897:peregrine falcon
803:woodland caribou
493:which belong to
319:
307:
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65:
38:
26:
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1823:
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1802:
1798:
1789:
1787:
1781:"NativeLand.ca"
1779:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1711:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1645:Scientific Data
1635:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1604:
1600:
1599:
1586:
1577:
1575:
1562:
1561:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1526:"Hudson Plains"
1524:
1523:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1486:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1465:
1463:www.nrcan.gc.ca
1456:
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1440:
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1416:
1399:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1378:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1356:
1354:
1339:"Hudson Plains"
1336:
1335:
1324:
1307:
1295:(11): 933–938.
1280:
1279:
1275:
1266:
1264:
1256:
1255:
1238:
1233:
1221:
1164:
1110:communities of
1106:as well as the
1087:
1056:Lynx canadensis
985:species, and 2
861:Akimiski Island
716:
714:Flora and fauna
699:
679:coastal marshes
631:Canadian Shield
581:Mattagami River
530:
522:migratory birds
413:
359:
350:Southern Arctic
328:
250:53.943; -85.390
249:
247:
243:
240:
235:
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228:
227:
211:
141:
113:
112:
71:
56:
24:
17:
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5:
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1827:
1826:External links
1824:
1821:
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1796:
1772:
1741:
1738:on 2008-12-24.
1718:
1688:
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1584:
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1449:
1425:
1401:"The Wetlands"
1387:
1363:
1322:
1273:
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1234:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1217:
1213:climate change
1206:projects near
1163:
1160:
1122:. Much of the
1086:
1083:
1002:Vulpes lagopus
954:). Due to the
933:Larix laricina
715:
712:
698:
695:
691:raised beaches
681:and extensive
623:drainage basin
615:raised beaches
540:including the
534:Nearctic realm
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1637:Wood, Eric F.
1632:
1629:
1618:on 2011-06-05
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1574:on 2008-09-08
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1536:on 2007-09-23
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1205:
1204:hydroelectric
1201:
1200:deforestation
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1154:in which the
1153:
1152:Rupert's Land
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
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1117:
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1105:
1104:Moose Factory
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687:tidal marshes
684:
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1808:
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1761:maps.tnc.org
1760:
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1731:
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1648:
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1613:the original
1609:Parks Canada
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1351:the original
1342:
1311:cite journal
1292:
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1265:. Retrieved
1261:
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1120:Attawapiskat
1108:First Nation
1088:
1076:
1070:
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1042:
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1018:
1012:
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1000:
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969:In terms of
968:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
904:circumboreal
901:
877:Canada goose
850:
831:
819:Arctic foxes
776:
772:white spruce
744:black spruce
717:
700:
673:have become
668:
635:
619:river deltas
597:
585:Arctic Ocean
577:Nelson River
531:
507:
472:
465:
456:, a Level I
454:Hudson Plain
453:
430:
428:
418:Climate type
355:Taiga Shield
322:
310:Hudson Plain
290:Habitat loss
275:Conservation
261:Climate type
146:Bird species
41:Black spruce
1438:www.fao.org
1116:Fort Albany
1112:Fort Severn
1050:Canis lupus
1047:), wolves (
942:), willow (
869:Moose River
807:black bears
779:polar bears
683:tidal flats
607:sedimentary
604:Proterozoic
567:and Eutric
248: /
224:Coordinates
1883:Hudson Bay
1862:Categories
1814:2019-04-05
1790:2019-04-05
1766:2019-04-03
1712:2008-02-01
1706:"Ecozones"
1651:: 180214.
1622:2008-02-01
1578:2008-02-01
1540:2008-02-01
1502:2008-02-01
1468:2019-04-02
1443:2019-04-02
1419:2008-02-01
1381:2008-02-01
1357:2008-02-01
1288:BioScience
1267:2019-04-02
1231:References
1184:ecoregions
1180:Global 200
1092:Hudson Bay
1005:), seals (
991:Hudson Bay
881:king eider
873:snow goose
865:Hannah Bay
853:shorebirds
732:waterbirds
705:under the
664:vegetation
600:Palaeozoic
589:Hudson Bay
573:permafrost
538:ecoregions
443:Hudson Bay
236:85°23′24″W
233:53°56′35″N
53:polar bear
43:forest in
1208:James Bay
1172:ecoregion
1124:ecoregion
1096:Churchill
1085:Human use
1061:ecoregion
1033:ecoregion
1029:James Bay
964:ecoregion
915:ecoregion
893:gyrfalcon
787:Churchill
768:blueberry
764:crowberry
565:Histosols
561:limestone
558:Paleozoic
528:Geography
491:James Bay
435:ecoregion
422:Subarctic
387:Provinces
364:Geography
298:Protected
269:subarctic
219:120 m asl
216:Elevation
162:Geography
69:ecoregion
1683:30375988
1219:See also
1182:list of
1100:Moosonee
1008:Phocidae
962:in this
960:Wetlands
811:muskrats
797:such as
791:Manitoba
783:ice pack
762:such as
756:sphagnum
748:tamarack
671:glaciers
627:wetlands
579:and the
569:Gleysols
479:Manitoba
394:Manitoba
197:Manitoba
185:Province
87:Nearctic
49:Manitoba
1674:6207062
1653:Bibcode
1196:logging
987:reptile
911:endemic
848:seals.
842:harbour
838:bearded
827:fishers
823:martens
815:weasels
795:Mammals
697:Climate
685:, with
656:forests
611:bedrock
503:Ontario
499:wetland
495:Nunavut
483:Ontario
404:Ontario
399:Nunavut
377:Country
338:Borders
333:Ecology
207:Nunavut
192:Ontario
175:Country
105:Borders
76:Ecology
1681:
1671:
1138:, and
1118:, and
1102:, and
1031:, the
979:mammal
956:tundra
939:Betula
895:, and
846:ringed
834:walrus
825:, and
760:shrubs
740:willow
728:insect
660:boreal
649:tundra
646:barren
552:, and
487:Quebec
475:Canada
409:Quebec
381:Canada
202:Quebec
179:Canada
1616:(PDF)
1605:(PDF)
1140:Métis
1136:Inuit
1038:Alces
1027:near
945:Salix
922:biome
919:taiga
799:moose
736:Alder
675:lakes
653:taiga
450:biome
447:taiga
301:9.32%
94:Biome
82:Realm
55:dens.
1679:PMID
1317:link
1166:The
1132:Dene
1128:Cree
983:bird
889:loon
885:swan
844:and
836:and
805:and
766:and
758:and
752:fens
746:and
722:and
617:and
602:and
598:The
587:via
429:The
369:Area
267:and
167:Area
111:List
1669:PMC
1661:doi
1297:doi
1198:or
1178:'s
1176:WWF
1081:).
724:fog
720:bog
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