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served as the foundation for a double ring of upright pickets or palisades, which completely circled the village. The main entrance was believed to have been located at the northeast corner of the earthworks. Two other openings, one on the northwest and one in the southern section of the perimeter, permitted a small stream to flow between the rows of palisades.
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Archaeologists found the site atypical of
Neutral villages of the period: it is located on flat land with no natural defensive advantages and, despite the presence of apparent fortifications, it contains no evidence of ever having been attacked. Although archaeological estimates of site population
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community recounts that
Southwold was used as a ceremonial site, which was enclosed by the palisade so that activities taking place within the village were screened from the view of people outside the wall. According to the same oral tradition, the site would have been occupied not as a year-round
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The site consists of an oval ring of earthworks enclosing archaeological remains of a double palisade and village, which may have included up to 24 longhouses. Estimated to have originally been about 0.8 hectares (2 acres) in size, the village was surrounded by a double ring of earthworks, which
367:-speaking people called the Neutrals by the French colonists. An open area in the centre of the community appears to have provided a common activity area or meeting place. The archaeological interpretation concludes that Southwold was a typical pre-contact Neutral village,
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of various sizes within the village, with an estimated population of 800-900 people. These native inhabitants were the
Attiwandaronk (Attarawandon) Indians, an
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village, but as a seasonal place of pilgrimage. The palisade was not defensive in nature, but protected a center for healing and purification rituals.
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people, occupied about AD 1450 to 1550. The entrance to the site is located on Iona Road, approximately three kilometres south of Iona
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were that about 800 people could have lived there, the site has little evidence of the refuse and garbage of occupation.
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Two major archaeological investigations were conducted at
Southwold Earthworks, in 1935 during the
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The
Southwold Earthworks was one of the first sites considered for official recognition by the
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Southwold
Earthworks National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan, February 2007
359:. Archaeological investigations have indicated the presence at one time of eighteen
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355:, near the banks of a tributary of Talbot Creek, approximately 20 km west of
339:. A double oval ring of raised earthworks surrounds the remains of the village.
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431:, Directory of Designations of National Historic Significance of Canada
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in 1923 and was purchased by the
Canadian federal government in 1929.
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Jury, Wilfrid (December 1946). "Southwold
Prehistoric Earthworks".
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493:"Southwold Earthworks National Historic Site of Canada"
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Occupied between AD 1450 and 1550, it is located in
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is the remains of a pre-contact village site of the
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:Archaeological site in Southwold, Ontario, Canada
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403:and in 1976. Oral tradition within the local
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798:Historic buildings and structures in Ontario
385:Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada
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473:(4). University of Toronto Press: 391–393.
301:Southwold Earthworks National Historic Site
135:Trees growing out of the remains of raised
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111:Learn how and when to remove this message
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504:A Forgotten People: The Flint Workers
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446:Canadian Register of Historic Places
49:adding citations to reliable sources
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783:National Historic Sites in Ontario
778:Former populated places in Ontario
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389:National Historic Site of Canada
291:National Historic Site of Canada
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793:Woodland period sites in Canada
768:Archaeological sites in Ontario
36:needs additional citations for
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395:Archaeological investigations
387:. The site was designated a
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466:Canadian Historical Review
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585:Newfoundland and Labrador
506:, William R. Harris, 1896
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371:for defensive purposes.
788:History of Elgin County
187:42.674250°N 81.359634°W
60:"Southwold Earthworks"
665:Northwest Territories
479:10.3138/CHR-027-04-04
247:Excavation dates
192:42.674250; -81.359634
627:Prince Edward Island
441:Southwold Earthworks
429:Southwold Earthworks
379:Heritage recognition
349:southwestern Ontario
325:Southwold Earthworks
206:Fortified settlement
124:Southwold Earthworks
45:improve this article
357:St. Thomas, Ontario
183: /
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265:Public access
149:Southwold, Ontario
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250:1935, 1976
242:Site notes
178:81°21′35″W
175:42°40′27″N
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