760:. Today, the holiday is upheld by proponents of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement who compare the British occupation of 1843 to what they believe is the ongoing modern American occupation of the islands and believe the United States government should "follow the example of the British to restore the Hawaiian nation". In Honolulu, the holiday is marked by the celebration of Hawaiian culture, history and activism through organized speeches, presentations, marches, hula performances, music rallies and flag-raising. On the other islands, sovereignty groups organize historical reenactments, rallies, and the ceremonial raising of the Hawaiian flag in place of the American flag.
688:(1864–1872) the celebration was deemed inappropriate by the king and his ministers since it brought back unpleasant memories of the British occupation by Paulet, and the official holiday was discontinued. The holiday was still being officially sanctioned in 1865 and 1866. No public celebration was held in 1867, and it ceased to be officially observed. There are also later assertions that the holiday was dropped "to suit the delicate feelings of a few Englishmen who did not like the memory of these events revived". However, the anniversary was still remembered by people in private. In 1872, the king replaced the holiday with
733:
160:
629:
2507:
31:
763:
On July 31, 2018, a 12-foot bronze statue of
Kamehameha III and a flagpole flying the Hawaiian flag was unveiled at Thomas Square in a ceremony honoring the 175th anniversary of the restoration of Hawaiian sovereignty in 1843. The statue was created by Oregon artist Thomas Jay Warren for $ 250,000
608:
on July 26, 1843, and requested an interview with the king. Kamehameha III was more than happy to tell his side of the story, and a new treaty was negotiated with the
British giving British subjects on the islands "perfect equality with the most favored foreigners".
616:), formally ending the occupation, and gave a speech affirming the independence and sovereignty of the Hawaiian kingdom and the friendship of the British government. The site of the ceremony was later made into a park in honor of the event and named
574:, who had an underlying land dispute with the Hawaiian government, and claimed British subjects were being denied their legal rights. Paulet, without the authorization of his superiors, unilaterally occupied the kingdom in the name of
711:, which was established as an interim regime while a treaty of annexation was being pushed through the United States Congress, abolished the holiday. Private observance of the fiftieth anniversary on July 31, 1893, was watched by the
653:("The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people"). This phrase was adopted in 1959 as the motto of the state of Hawaii. The king declared a ten-day holiday and the entire community including foreigners and
715:
with an air of suspicion, while royalists and supporters of the deposed queen hoped in vain for another restoration to occur. After 1893, the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of
801:
1932:
582:
and his ministers. The
Hawaiian king ceded his sovereignty under protest to the British government. Paulet placed himself and a committee in charge, restricted trade in the ports, destroyed all
768:'s plans to revamp the park. Thomas Square is one of four sites in Hawaii where the Hawaiian flag is allowed to fly alone without the United States flag. The others are the Royal Mausoleum at
308:
446:
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who had conquered and united the
Hawaiian Islands in 1810. This is the only holiday from the time of the Hawaiian monarchy that remains an official holiday of the state of Hawaii.
200:
2022:
717:
534:
190:
370:
2195:
439:
1300:
1228:
1205:
1182:
1152:
365:
1099:
1021:
1832:
1624:
649:
503:
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The 1890 session of the
Hawaiian legislature briefly restored the date as a national holiday effective July 31, 1891, during the reign of Queen
2546:
2541:
432:
412:
141:
1683:
2190:
2042:
262:
533:
in 1893. During the ensuing years of the 1890s, the holiday continued to be observed privately by loyalists of the monarchy as a form of
1270:
2027:
560:
2487:
1654:
704:
530:
231:
185:
2004:
1974:
708:
303:
226:
488:. It honors the restoration of sovereignty to the kingdom, following the occupation of Hawaiʻi by Great Britain during the 1843
2531:
2175:
2099:
783:
In 2022, the State of Hawaii passed a legislative bill officially recognizing Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea as a special day of observance.
2482:
2300:
2032:
749:
741:
538:
149:
643:
Following the restoration of sovereignty at Thomas Square, King
Kamehameha III held an afternoon thanksgiving service at
612:
On July 31, 1843, Thomas raised the
Hawaiian flag in place of the Union Jack at the plains east of Honolulu (now part of
2119:
1550:
2423:
2114:
2094:
777:
334:
2536:
2237:
2069:
2064:
329:
129:
2360:
2160:
2129:
1640:
267:
525:, who deemed the holiday inappropriate, officially dropped it as a national holiday in 1867 and replaced with
521:
During the monarchy, the holiday was observed annually by the native and foreign communities in Hawaii. King
2436:
1529:
1073:
995:
977:
324:
2074:
1348:
1337:
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1220:
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1043:
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959:
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375:
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2350:
2340:
2212:
2017:
542:
272:
195:
2431:
2310:
2217:
2150:
2134:
732:
673:(1855–1864). During the fourth anniversary of the restoration in 1847, King Kamehameha III and his wife
594:
493:
419:
282:
159:
1922:
Tranquilli, Betsy (August 1, 2005). "Group re-enacts 1843 replacing of Union Jack with
Hawaiian flag".
1616:
1338:"Reminiscences of the Past – How Restoration Day Was Celebrated and What Happened to the Participants"
2477:
2467:
2446:
2104:
1967:
757:
644:
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385:
298:
78:
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721:
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277:
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2155:
1853:
1738:
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1575:
1516:
390:
236:
628:
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2124:
2089:
2059:
2012:
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571:
481:
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221:
169:
74:
2413:
2393:
2388:
2378:
2255:
2227:
2165:
2079:
2054:
1960:
598:
545:. In 2022, the day was recognized by the State of Hawaii as a special day of remembrance.
1751:
669:. The event was later made into an annual holiday and was observed by his successor King
707:
and the queen yielded her authority to the United States government under protest. The
689:
583:
579:
575:
526:
497:
216:
35:
2525:
2511:
2403:
2398:
1813:
1742:
1520:
769:
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670:
617:
360:
355:
165:
2368:
1833:"State designates July 31 "A Special Day of Observance" remembering Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea"
700:
693:
685:
674:
570:
landed in
Honolulu in response to the complaints by the British Consul in Honolulu
522:
1854:"History of the Provisional Cession of the Hawaiian Islands and Their Restoration"
1596:
1673:
678:
636:
529:(on June 11). It was briefly revived as a national holiday from 1891 until the
2320:
666:
587:
541:
as a day of resistance against what sovereignty advocates consider an ongoing
395:
1726:
1693:
1504:
2335:
2260:
1734:
1664:
1512:
811:
764:
allotted by the Mayor's Office of
Culture and the Arts and is part of Mayor
712:
662:
1558:
639:. This was the site of the 1847 grand luau attended by ten thousand guests.
30:
1718:
1496:
2373:
1994:
1905:
Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1929). "Holiday Observances In Monarchial Days".
172:
in distress and is the main symbol of the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.
2280:
1914:
1886:
477:
88:
1702:
1480:
2325:
2285:
2185:
2180:
2049:
1984:
1865:
1804:
1587:
485:
246:
63:
724:
was organized in 1898 the holiday had become a historical footnote.
513:
The life of the land is preserved in the righteousness of the people
1933:"King Kamehameha III bronze statue to be unveiled at Thomas Square"
1269:. Vol. III, no. 272. Honolulu. July 31, 1893. p. 2.
2345:
2270:
2265:
1952:
1597:"Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea: Hawaiʻi Commemorates Sovereignty Restoration Day"
731:
627:
2290:
2275:
1703:"Dedication of Kamehameha III, A Sculpture by Thomas Jay Warren"
658:
1956:
849:
847:
845:
1646:
The Hawaiian Kingdom 1778–1854, Foundation and Transformation
1875:"The Days We Celebrate ; Holidays and Their Observance"
1675:
Finding Meaning: Kaona and Contemporary Hawaiian Literature
1433:
1431:
1320:
1318:
748:
The tradition of this celebration was revived in 1985 by
1601:
Kaleinamanu Hawaiian Cultural Center, Kamehameha Schools
1909:. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 101–106.
888:
886:
1900:. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 110–116.
1649:. Vol. 1. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
1364:
1362:
578:
on February 25 despite the protests of Hawaiian King
1881:. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 62–69.
1860:. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 45–70.
1582:. Honolulu: Honolulu Star-Bulletin. pp. 70–77.
1557:. Vol. 15, no. 6. Honolulu. Archived from
2460:
2422:
2359:
2299:
2246:
2143:
2003:
1894:Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1909). "Hawaiian Holidays".
806:. Honolulu: Papapai Mahu Press Publishing Company.
125:
117:
109:
94:
84:
69:
59:
51:
43:
23:
1799:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 141–146.
1791:Schmitt, Robert C. (1995). "Holidays in Hawaiʻi".
1713:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 151–159.
1574:Gilman, Gorham D. (1892). Thrum, Thomas G. (ed.).
1491:. Honolulu: Hawaiian Historical Society: 147–149.
1379:
1377:
681:, attended by an estimated ten thousand guests.
38:, King of the Hawaiian Islands from 1825 to 1854
1549:Fujii, Jocelyn (December 2012 – January 2013).
1422:
877:
928:
537:. It is still celebrated by proponents of the
501:
1968:
440:
8:
1481:"The Kamehameha III Statue in Thomas Square"
684:During the latter part of the reign of King
677:hosted a grand luau at their summer palace,
593:After a five-month occupation, Rear-Admiral
586:that could be found, and raised the British
1975:
1961:
1953:
1387:
1324:
1074:"Notes of the Week – Thirty-First of July"
853:
824:
740:in distress and is the main symbol of the
736:The inverted Hawaiian flag represents the
447:
433:
201:US federal recognition of Native Hawaiians
136:
29:
20:
1398:
1383:
1814:"Hawaiian "Sovereignty Restoration Day""
1701:Nogelmeier, Puakea; Clark, John (2018).
1461:
1050:. Honolulu. December 1, 1883. p. 2.
77:following British occupation during the
1678:. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
1227:. Honolulu. August 8, 1893. p. 9.
1204:. Honolulu. August 1, 1893. p. 5.
1131:
1060:
865:
792:
601:, sailed into Honolulu on his flagship
403:
342:
316:
290:
254:
208:
177:
148:
1449:
1368:
1355:. Honolulu. August 1, 1913. p. 4.
1299:. Honolulu. July 31, 1899. p. 2.
1181:. Honolulu. July 31, 1893. p. 2.
1151:. Honolulu. July 10, 1891. p. 2.
1098:. Honolulu. June 14, 1873. p. 2.
1080:. Honolulu. August 5, 1871. p. 3.
1020:. Honolulu. June 11, 1870. p. 2.
1002:. Honolulu. August 3, 1867. p. 3.
966:. Honolulu. August 4, 1866. p. 3.
948:. Honolulu. August 5, 1865. p. 2.
904:
692:(on June 11) to honor his grandfather
657:rejoiced in festivities with a lavish
472:) is a national holiday of the former
1778:. United States National Park Service
1627:from the original on October 30, 2004
1536:. Kailua-Kona: Oahu Publications, Inc
1437:
1344:. Honolulu. July 31, 1899. p. 3.
1249:
1231:from the original on November 8, 2017
1208:from the original on November 8, 2017
1121:. Honolulu. June 17, 1876. p. 3.
1102:from the original on October 30, 2016
1024:from the original on October 30, 2016
984:. Honolulu. July 27, 1867. p. 3.
960:"Notes of the Week – July 31st, 1866"
916:
892:
836:
703:. In 1893, the Hawaiian monarchy was
7:
1931:Yang, Gordon Y. K. (July 28, 2018).
1907:Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1930
1897:Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1910
1879:Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1898
1858:Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893
1776:National Register of Historic Places
1580:Hawaiian Almanac and Annual for 1893
1410:
1303:from the original on August 17, 2017
1185:from the original on August 17, 2017
1155:from the original on August 17, 2017
1770:Riconda, Dorothy (March 23, 1972).
2090:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi (Hawaiian Language)
1939:. Honolulu: Oahu Publications, Inc
1273:from the original on July 31, 2017
309:125th anniversary of the overthrow
73:Restoration of the sovereignty of
14:
2488:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
1672:McDougall, Brandy Nalani (2016).
1576:"Restoration Day: A Recollection"
1528:Fuller, Landry (August 2, 2016).
1119:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1096:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1078:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1018:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
1000:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
982:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
964:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
946:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser
650:Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono
531:overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
504:Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono
186:Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
2505:
1617:"Hawaiians mark restoration day"
709:Provisional Government of Hawaii
597:, the Commander-in-Chief of the
413:Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen
304:2008 occupation of Iolani Palace
158:
1772:"Thomas Square nomination form"
1707:The Hawaiian Journal of History
1615:Hoover, Will (August 1, 2004).
1485:The Hawaiian Journal of History
978:"Notes of the Week – July 31st"
263:Hawaiian rebellions (1887–1895)
2100:Pearl Harbor National Memorial
1873:Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1898).
1852:Thrum, Thomas G., ed. (1892).
559:On February 10, 1843, Captain
543:American occupation of Hawaiʻi
1:
2547:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
2542:1843 establishments in Hawaii
2483:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
1595:Hoʻokahua Staff (July 2014).
750:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
742:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
647:where he uttered the phrase:
539:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
1812:Scottmaui (August 2, 2005).
1044:"Hawaiian National Holidays"
1793:Hawaiian Journal of History
1423:Nogelmeier & Clark 2018
800:Spencer, Thomas P. (1895).
460:Sovereignty Restoration Day
351:Sovereignty Restoration Day
191:Opposition to the overthrow
24:Sovereignty Restoration Day
2563:
996:"The Thirty-First of July"
552:
492:, by British Rear-Admiral
480:and still commemorated by
371:Proposed 1893 Constitution
335:Office of Hawaiian Affairs
2501:
2196:Colleges and universities
1991:
1641:Kuykendall, Ralph Simpson
1623:. Honolulu: Black Press.
718:opposition and resistance
535:opposition and resistance
330:Home Rule Party of Hawaii
317:Parties and organizations
130:Hawaiian Independence Day
28:
16:Hawaiian national holiday
2028:Discovery and settlement
1937:Honolulu Star-Advertiser
1839:. Wailuku. July 18, 2022
268:Wilcox rebellion of 1889
55:Hawaiian Restoration Day
1750:Pacific Worlds (2003).
1621:The Honolulu Advertiser
1551:"Of King & Country"
713:oligarchical government
633:The King's Summer House
502:
467:
2532:Celebrations in Hawaii
1014:"Legislative Jottings"
745:
728:Modern-day observation
640:
635:(1853), lithograph by
227:Provisional Government
196:Legal status of Hawaii
2461:Pre-statehood history
2311:French Frigate Shoals
2151:Hawaiian architecture
1719:10.1353/hjh.2018.0006
1497:10.1353/hjh.2019.0008
1325:Fujii & 2012/2013
735:
631:
595:Richard Darton Thomas
494:Richard Darton Thomas
283:1895 Wilcox rebellion
2478:Hawaiian Renaissance
2468:Bayonet Constitution
1561:on February 23, 2020
1479:Clark, John (2019).
1353:The Hawaiian Gazette
1225:The Hawaiian Gazette
1202:The Hawaiian Gazette
878:Hoʻokahua Staff 2014
778:Puʻuhonua o Hōnaunau
758:Hawaiian Renaissance
624:Official observation
555:Paulet Affair (1843)
500:uttered the phrase:
386:Hawaiian Organic Act
366:Bayonet Constitution
299:Hawaiian Renaissance
255:Historical conflicts
150:Hawaiian sovereignty
79:Paulet Affair (1843)
2493:Territory of Hawaii
2361:Notable communities
1440:, pp. 147–149.
1425:, pp. 151–159.
1115:"Commemoration Day"
1063:, pp. 141–146.
929:Pacific Worlds 2003
919:, pp. 101–106.
856:, pp. 219–221.
827:, pp. 208–230.
722:Territory of Hawaii
381:Newlands Resolution
343:Documents and ideas
278:Black Week (Hawaii)
273:Leper War on Kauaʻi
232:Government in Exile
1926:. Kailua-Kona, HI.
746:
720:. By the time the
641:
561:Lord George Paulet
391:Apology Resolution
2519:
2518:
2512:Hawaii portal
1924:West Hawaii Today
1685:978-0-8165-3385-5
1534:West Hawaii Today
1349:"Restoration Day"
1293:"Restoration Day"
1263:"Ka La Hoihoi Ea"
1252:, pp. 62–69.
1179:The Hawaiian Star
1175:"Restoration Day"
1149:The Hawaiian Star
942:"Restoration Day"
907:, pp. 70–77.
839:, pp. 45–70.
645:Kawaiahaʻo Church
614:downtown Honolulu
457:
456:
325:Aloha ʻĀina Party
135:
134:
2554:
2537:July observances
2510:
2509:
2508:
2473:Hawaiian Kingdom
2351:Pearl and Hermes
2085:Native Hawaiians
1977:
1970:
1963:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1927:
1918:
1901:
1890:
1869:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1808:
1787:
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1766:
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968:
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938:
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920:
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
881:
875:
869:
863:
857:
851:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
815:
803:Kaua Kuloko 1895
797:
754:Kekuni Blaisdell
738:Hawaiian Kingdom
655:native Hawaiians
590:in their place.
572:Richard Charlton
517:
514:
511:
507:
484:in the state of
482:Native Hawaiians
474:Hawaiian Kingdom
449:
442:
435:
420:Kaua Kuloko 1895
170:Hawaiian Kingdom
162:
137:
105:
103:
75:Hawaiian Kingdom
60:Observed by
33:
21:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2506:
2504:
2497:
2456:
2418:
2355:
2302:
2295:
2242:
2139:
2055:Hawaiianization
1999:
1987:
1981:
1951:
1942:
1940:
1930:
1921:
1904:
1893:
1872:
1851:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1820:
1811:
1790:
1781:
1779:
1769:
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1749:
1700:
1686:
1671:
1657:
1639:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1605:
1603:
1594:
1573:
1564:
1562:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1527:
1478:
1474:
1469:
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1460:
1456:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1429:
1421:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1397:
1393:
1388:Tranquilli 2005
1382:
1375:
1367:
1360:
1347:
1342:The Independent
1336:
1335:
1331:
1323:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1297:The Independent
1291:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1274:
1261:
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1256:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1219:
1211:
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1196:
1188:
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1158:
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1113:
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1103:
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1072:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1012:
1011:
1007:
994:
993:
989:
976:
975:
971:
958:
957:
953:
940:
939:
935:
927:
923:
915:
911:
903:
899:
891:
884:
876:
872:
864:
860:
854:Kuykendall 1965
852:
843:
835:
831:
825:Kuykendall 1965
823:
819:
799:
798:
794:
789:
730:
626:
599:Pacific Station
557:
551:
515:
512:
509:
453:
173:
168:represents the
151:
126:Related to
118:First time
101:
99:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2560:
2558:
2550:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2524:
2523:
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2161:Climate change
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2132:
2130:Transportation
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2111:
2110:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2075:Kūʻē Petitions
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1957:
1950:
1949:
1928:
1919:
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1891:
1870:
1849:
1829:
1809:
1788:
1767:
1756:Pacific Worlds
1747:
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1669:
1655:
1637:
1612:
1592:
1571:
1546:
1525:
1475:
1473:
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1467:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1401:, p. 162.
1399:McDougall 2016
1391:
1384:Scottmaui 2005
1373:
1358:
1329:
1314:
1284:
1267:Hawaii Holomua
1254:
1242:
1166:
1145:"By Authority"
1136:
1134:, p. 143.
1124:
1092:"Memorial Day"
1083:
1065:
1053:
1048:Saturday Press
1035:
1005:
987:
969:
951:
933:
921:
909:
897:
895:, p. 114.
882:
870:
858:
841:
829:
817:
791:
790:
788:
785:
774:ʻIolani Palace
729:
726:
690:Kamehameha Day
625:
622:
584:Hawaiian flags
580:Kamehameha III
576:Queen Victoria
553:Main article:
550:
547:
527:Kamehameha Day
498:Kamehameha III
496:and when King
476:celebrated on
469:Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea
455:
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429:
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425:
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376:Kūʻē Petitions
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95:Next time
92:
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71:
67:
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57:
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48:
47:Lā Hoʻihoʻi Ea
45:
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36:Kamehameha III
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
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2:
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2301:Northwestern
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2120:State symbols
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2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1964:
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1958:
1955:
1938:
1934:
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1753:
1752:"Kaniakapupu"
1748:
1744:
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1656:0-87022-431-X
1652:
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1589:
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1560:
1556:
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1547:
1535:
1531:
1530:"Flying high"
1526:
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1506:
1502:
1498:
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1462:Maui Now 2022
1458:
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766:Kirk Caldwell
761:
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725:
723:
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714:
710:
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672:
671:Kamehameha IV
668:
664:
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638:
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623:
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618:Thomas Square
615:
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491:
490:Paulet Affair
487:
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389:
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361:Morgan Report
359:
357:
356:Blount Report
354:
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326:
323:
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297:
296:
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294:
291:Modern events
289:
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207:
202:
199:
197:
194:
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176:
171:
167:
166:Hawaiian flag
164:The inverted
161:
157:
156:
153:
147:
143:
139:
138:
131:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
98:July 31, 2025
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
44:Official name
42:
37:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2503:
2248:Main islands
2213:Homelessness
2181:Demographics
2106:
2018:Constitution
1993:
1941:. Retrieved
1936:
1923:
1906:
1896:
1878:
1857:
1841:. Retrieved
1836:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:
1796:
1792:
1782:February 21,
1780:. Retrieved
1775:
1759:. Retrieved
1755:
1710:
1706:
1674:
1645:
1629:. Retrieved
1620:
1606:September 3,
1604:. Retrieved
1600:
1579:
1563:. Retrieved
1559:the original
1554:
1538:. Retrieved
1533:
1488:
1484:
1472:Bibliography
1457:
1445:
1418:
1406:
1394:
1352:
1341:
1332:
1305:. Retrieved
1296:
1287:
1275:. Retrieved
1266:
1257:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1224:
1210:. Retrieved
1201:
1187:. Retrieved
1178:
1169:
1157:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1132:Schmitt 1995
1127:
1118:
1104:. Retrieved
1095:
1086:
1077:
1068:
1061:Schmitt 1995
1056:
1047:
1038:
1026:. Retrieved
1017:
1008:
999:
990:
981:
972:
963:
954:
945:
936:
924:
912:
900:
873:
866:Riconda 1972
861:
832:
820:
802:
795:
782:
762:
747:
701:Liliuokalani
698:
694:Kamehameha I
686:Kamehameha V
683:
675:Queen Kalama
661:of suckling
648:
642:
632:
611:
604:
592:
566:
558:
523:Kamehameha V
520:
468:
459:
458:
418:
411:
350:
70:Significance
18:
2384:Kailua-Kona
2218:LGBT rights
2135:Unification
2033:Earthquakes
2023:Delegations
1915:10524/32427
1887:10524/23170
1450:Fuller 2016
1369:Hoover 2004
1221:"Maui News"
905:Gilman 1892
756:during the
679:Kaniakapupu
665:, fish and
637:Paul Emmert
209:Governments
178:Main issues
52:Also called
2526:Categories
2409:Pearl City
2261:Kahoʻolawe
2065:Hurricanes
2050:Government
1438:Clark 2019
1250:Thrum 1898
917:Thrum 1929
893:Thrum 1909
837:Thrum 1892
787:References
770:Mauna ʻAla
705:overthrown
588:Union Jack
549:Background
396:Akaka Bill
102:2025-07-31
2336:Maro Reef
2331:Lisianski
2191:Education
2038:Geography
1998:(capital)
1983:State of
1943:August 5,
1866:10524/663
1823:August 3,
1818:Daily Kos
1805:10524/338
1743:192697974
1727:2169-7639
1694:946967118
1643:(1965) .
1631:March 16,
1588:10524/663
1555:Hana Hou!
1521:214511964
1505:2169-7639
1411:Yang 2018
1198:"Melange"
752:activist
603:HMS
567:Carysfort
565:HMS
242:Territory
110:Frequency
2437:Honolulu
2424:Counties
2389:Kāneʻohe
2374:Honolulu
2281:Molokaʻi
2233:Politics
2223:Folklore
2208:Gun laws
2156:Abortion
2043:Seamount
1995:Honolulu
1843:July 25,
1837:Maui Now
1761:April 7,
1735:60626541
1665:47008868
1625:Archived
1565:March 7,
1540:April 1,
1513:60626541
1301:Archived
1271:Archived
1229:Archived
1206:Archived
1183:Archived
1153:Archived
1100:Archived
1022:Archived
812:19662315
464:Hawaiian
237:Republic
217:Chiefdom
152:movement
142:a series
140:Part of
2442:Kalawao
2432:Hawaiʻi
2414:Waipahu
2394:Kapolei
2379:Kahului
2316:Gardner
2303:Islands
2286:Niʻihau
2256:Hawaiʻi
2186:Economy
2176:Culture
2171:Cuisine
2144:Society
2125:Tourism
2107:Arizona
2070:Islands
2060:History
2013:Outline
1307:May 30,
1277:May 30,
1235:May 30,
1212:May 30,
1189:May 30,
1159:May 30,
1106:May 30,
1028:May 30,
478:July 31
222:Kingdom
100: (
89:July 31
2447:Kauaʻi
2404:Līhuʻe
2341:Necker
2326:Laysan
2271:Lānaʻi
2266:Kauaʻi
2238:Sports
2203:Energy
2115:People
2005:Topics
1985:Hawaii
1741:
1733:
1725:
1692:
1682:
1663:
1653:
1519:
1511:
1503:
810:
605:Dublin
486:Hawaii
144:on the
113:annual
64:Hawaii
2399:Kihei
2346:Nihoa
2291:Oʻahu
2228:Media
2166:Crime
2095:Parks
2080:Music
1739:S2CID
1517:S2CID
563:, of
404:Books
247:State
2452:Maui
2369:Hilo
2321:Kure
2276:Maui
2105:USS
1945:2015
1845:2022
1825:2015
1784:2010
1763:2010
1731:OCLC
1723:ISSN
1690:OCLC
1680:ISBN
1661:OCLC
1651:ISBN
1633:2010
1608:2011
1567:2017
1542:2020
1509:OCLC
1501:ISSN
1309:2017
1279:2017
1237:2017
1214:2017
1191:2017
1161:2017
1108:2017
1030:2017
808:OCLC
776:and
659:luau
121:1843
85:Date
1911:hdl
1883:hdl
1862:hdl
1801:hdl
1715:doi
1584:hdl
1493:doi
667:poi
663:pig
518:).
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1711:52
1709:.
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1688:.
1659:.
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1553:.
1532:.
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1507:.
1499:.
1489:53
1487:.
1483:.
1430:^
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1847:.
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1803::
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