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intentions from the besieging
Nationalist forces for long enough to execute a successful breakout. On October 16, 1934, a force of about 130,000 soldiers and civilians under Bo Gu and Otto Braun attacked the line of Kuomintang positions near Yudu. More than 86,000 troops, 11,000 administrative personnel and thousands of civilian porters actually completed the breakout; the remainder, largely wounded or ill soldiers, continued to fight a delaying action after the main force had left, and then dispersed into the countryside. After passing through three of the four blockhouse fortifications needed to escape Chiang's encirclement, the Red Army was finally intercepted by regular Nationalist troops, and suffered heavy casualties. Of the 86,000 Communists who attempted to break out of Jiangxi with the First Red Army, only 36,000 successfully escaped. Due to the low morale within the Red Army at the time, it is not possible to know what proportion of these losses were due to military casualties, and which proportion were due to desertion. The conditions of the Red Army's forced withdrawal demoralized some Communist leaders (particularly Bo Gu and Otto Braun), but Zhou remained calm and retained his command.
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2329:) hid in the mountains, knocking out four of his teeth with a rock and causing his face to swell. Disguised as a beggar, he tore off the covers of the four dictionaries and covered them with spoiled food at the bottom of his bag. Crossing several blockade lines, he reached Ruijin on 7 October 1934. The intelligence provided by Mo Xiong convinced the Communists in the CSR to abandon their base and retreat before Chiang could reinforce his blockade lines with barbed-wire fences. They mobilized trucks and troops, saving themselves from annihilation.
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1943:'Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars'), the CSR gradually expanded. The CSR reached its peak in 1933. It governed a population which exceeded 3.4 million in an area of approximately 70,000 square kilometers (although the isolated soviets were never connected into one contiguous piece of territory).
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The CSR issued regulations barring landlords, rich peasants, merchants, religious leaders, and
Kuomintang members from participating in its elections. Landlords and rich peasants were barred from joining the biggest civil organizations in the CSR, the Anti-Imperialist League and the Soviet Protection
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in
October 1934, the Communist bank was part of the retreating force; fourteen bank employees, over a hundred coolies and a company of soldiers escorted them with the money and mint machinery. An important duty of the bank was, when the Chinese Red Army stayed in a location for longer than a day, to
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The CSR declared itself a government of all
Chinese workers, Red Army soldiers, and the masses. CSR policy was in large part carried out by mass organizations, particularly the Poor Peasants League, which was composed entirely of poor peasants and farm laborers. Poor peasants composed a majority of
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The property of rich peasants was also confiscated, although rich peasants were entitled to receive land of lesser quality if they farmed it themselves. By 1932, the
Communist Party had equalized landholding and eliminated debt within the CSR. Although the 1931 Land Law remained the official policy
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All lands belonging feudal landlords, local bullies and evil gentry, warlords, bureaucrats, and other large private landlords, irrespective of whether they work the lands themselves or rent them out, shall be confiscated without compensation. The confiscated lands shall be redistributed to the poor
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Like the paper bill, copper coins issued by the
Central Mint also had "Chinese Soviet Republic" (中華蘇維埃共和國) engraved in traditional Chinese. Since coins last longer than paper bills, these coins were issued (and circulated) in a much greater quantity. However, these coins are rarer than the paper
1916:, the capital of the Jiangxi Soviet. The Conference held a formal opening ceremony for the CSR which included a military parade. Notably, communications between the far-flung soviets were so poor (due to their isolation and intense pressure from the Kuomintang) that the second-largest soviet, in
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Since the
Jiangxi Soviet could not be held, the Standing Committee appointed Bo (responsible for politics), Braun (responsible for military strategy), and Zhou (responsible for the implementation of military planning) to organize an evacuation. The Communists managed to successfully hide their
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fences (most electrified) in a 150-kilometre (93 mi) radius around Ruijin to starve the
Communists. In addition, more than 1,000 trucks were to be mobilized in a rapid-reaction force to prevent a Communist breakout. Realizing the certainty of Communist annihilation, Mo Xiong handed the
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After successfully besieging the Ruijin area (the CSR capital) and occupying most of the CSR itself, Chiang was confident that he could defeat the
Communists in a final decisive strike. In late September 1934 he distributed his top-secret "Iron Bucket Plan" to general headquarters at
2017:
This retreat marked the beginning of what would become known as the Long March. During the course of the next two years, Communist forces abandoned almost all of their soviets in southern China that had made up the core of the CSR. The survivors went into hiding or followed Mao to
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in
Chinese history." The efforts of the CSR government are seen as having built the reputation of the CCP and strengthened the Chinese Red Army. Commentaries usually tout the CSR as an experiment that paved the way for the success of the later People's Republic. In the
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The CSR was funded primarily by tax income on grain and rice. It also received voluntary contributions from its core political constituency, the peasantry. During the period 1931 to 1934, the CSR issued three series of government bonds to further finance its operations.
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The predominant currency produced by the Central Mint was the silver dollar. Unlike the bills and copper coins, the silver dollars had no communist symbols; they were a copy of silver dollars produced by other mints in China (including the popular coin with the head of
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This was effective; in an effort to break the blockade the Red Army besieged the forts many times, suffering heavy casualties and only limited success. As a result, the CSR shrank significantly due to the Chinese Red Army's manpower and material losses.
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1983:), which temporarily protected the communists. However, due to the dominance of the new communist leadership after the fourth counter-encirclement campaign, the Red Army was nearly halved. Most of its equipment was lost during Chiang's
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The CSR had a central government as well as local and regional governments. It operated institutions including an education system and court system. The CSR also issued currency. It enacted the Constitutional Guideline of CSR in 1934.
3268:. This experimental regime can be said to have been a great rehearsal for the People's Republic of China... The Chinese Soviet Republic was the precursor of today's People's Republic of China, and so was the cradle of the Republic.
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219:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
2214:) the bank employees burned all Communist paper bills and destroyed the mint machinery. By the end of the Long March in October 1935, only eight of the original fourteen employees were left; the other six had died along the way.
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The official history in the People's Republic of China views the Chinese Soviet Republic positively, although it is recognized that the regime was ultimately a failure. In a speech on the 80th anniversary of the CSR's founding,
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The Central Mint briefly issued both paper bills and copper coins. Neither circulated for long, primarily because the currency could not be used in the rest of China. The paper bill had "Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank"
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The Chinese Red Army had modern communications technology (telephones, telegraph and radio, which the warlords' armies lacked), and transmitted wireless coded messages while breaking nationalist codes. At the time, only
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in the CSR's territory until the Nationalists' defeat of the CSR in 1934, after 1932, the Communist Party was more radical in its class analysis, resulting in formerly middle peasants being viewed as rich peasants.
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1959:". The Jiangxi Soviet survived the first, second and third encirclement campaigns thanks to the use of flexible guerrilla tactics. However, after the third counter-encirclement campaign Mao was replaced by
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1736:. Due to the importance of the Jiangxi Soviet in the CSR's early history, the name "Jiangxi Soviet" is sometimes used to refer to the CSR as a whole. Other component territories of the CSR included the
2204:
have the local populace exchange Communist paper bills and copper coins for currency used in the nationalist-controlled regions to avoid prosecution by the nationalists after the Communists left. The
1979:. The CSR then began a rapid decline, due to its extreme left-wing governance and incompetent military command. The new leadership could not rid itself of Mao's influence (which continued during the
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In 1931, the Communist Party decided to consolidate these isolated base areas into a single state, the Chinese Soviet Republic. On 7 November 1931 (the anniversary of the 1917 Russian
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under (nominal) Kuomintang command in exchange for autonomy and an alliance against Japan. These negotiations were successful, and eventually led to the creation of the
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territories of the CSR included 18 provinces and 4 counties under the Communists' control. The CSR's government was located in its largest component territory, the
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launched by the Kuomintang in 1934 forced the CCP to abandon most of the soviets in southern China. The CCP (including the leadership of the CSR) embarked on the
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and violently suppressed the Communists. The Communists as well as a few army units loyal to them fled urban areas into the countryside, where they founded the
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1963:, a Chinese communist returning from the Soviet Union. The Chinese Red Army was commanded by a three-man committee, which included Wang Ming's associates
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Meanwhile, Communists from other areas of China followed a similar pattern of retreat into the countryside. In order to rebuild the party's strength, the
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2297:(the summer substitute for Nanchang), which detailed the final push to annihilate the Communist forces. Chiang planned 30 blockade lines supported by 30
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The Chinese Soviet Republic is the first of a new type of state in Chinese history, founded under the leadership of the Communist Party of China with a
2242:. They are fairly rare, and sought after by collectors. There are also many forgeries and bogus issues imitating early stamps from the Communist areas.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The Directorate General of Chinese Soviet Posts was founded in Ruijin on 1 May 1932. The first stamps were designed by Huang Yaguang and printed
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The Chinese Soviet Republic continued to exist formally even after the Long March, since the Communists still controlled some areas such as the
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Military History Research Department (2000). "Overview of Campaigns and Battles Fought by the People's Liberation Army (中国人民解放军战役战斗总览)".
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1861:. A Kuomintang counterinsurgency campaign forced Mao and his group to relocate once again, and they moved into the border region between
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focused on the fact that the CSR was attempting to do something novel, stating "The Chinese Soviet Republic was the first national
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and middle peasants through the . The former owners of the confiscated lands shall not be entitled to receive any land allotments.
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The most important policy implemented by the soviet governments was land redistribution, which destroyed the landlord-dominated
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was still underground in Shanghai during this period, the center of political gravity had begun to shift to Mao in Jiangxi.
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In November 1931, the National Tax Bureau was founded. In 2002, the original building was renovated for the public.
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2046:. The Chinese Soviet Republic was dissolved on 22 September 1937 when the Chinese Communist Party issued, in the
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as president. The CSR Central Mint issued three types of currency: a paper bill, a copper coin and a silver
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Fang, Qiang (2024). "Understanding the "Rule of Law" in Xi's China". In Fang, Qiang; Li, Xiaobing (eds.).
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by the Printing House of the Ministry of Finance in Ruijin. White paper or newspaper was used. They were
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decided that carrying the entire bank on the march was impractical, and on 29 January 1935, at Tucheng (
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in an effort to unify China under a single government. In 1927, the KMT broke the United Front with the
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Municipal Committee of the CCP called the CSR a "great rehearsal for the People's Republic of China."
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bill; copper was needed for ammunition, and these copper coins were recalled and replaced by silver
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Averill, Stephen (May 1987). "Party, Society, and Local Elite in the Jiangxi Communist Movement".
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1933:'Chairman of the Central Executive Committee') and head of government (Chinese:
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control of Yan'an, which was its stronghold for the remainder of the war with Japan.
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conducted a series of campaigns against the various soviets of the CSR known as the "
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which had existed previously. The CSR issued the 1931 Land Law, which required:
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between the Communist Party and the Kuomintang, the two parties embarked on the
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organization, which helped him lead the Chinese Communists to victory in 1949.
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The Kiangsi Soviet Republic: Mao and the National Congresses of 1931 and 1934
2624:"Announcement of the Interim Government of the China Soviet Republic (No. 1)"
2606:"Founding of the temporary central government of the Chinese Soviet Republic"
2042:
was, for a time, the capital until the Communist government was moved to the
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1968:
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in Chiang Kai-shek's inner circle, including his general headquarters at
2239:
472:
460:
3247:
3123:
The Postage Stamp Catalogue of the Chinese People's Revolutionary Period
2656:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (Taiwan). 1 April 1955.
5852:
5847:
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5429:
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5308:
5255:
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3337:
Mountain Fires: The Red Army's Three-year War in South China, 1934-1938
3327:
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2352:
1862:
1776:
642:
241:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
2966:
Mao Zedong and China in the Twentieth-Century World: a Concise History
397:
comprising the Chinese Soviet Republic and the route of the Long March
7518:
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was only a few weeks old. The Chinese Communist Party remained in
1987:; this began in 1933 and was orchestrated by Chiang's newly-hired
1972:
5599:
5224:
1920:, failed to send delegates. Instead, it held its own conference.
4890:
4814:
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2289:(acting head of the spy ring, under the command of Zhou Enlai).
216:
5603:
5228:
4414:
4117:
3579:
3427:
Deng Xiaoping and the Chinese Revolution: A Political Biography
2285:) (his Communist handler, whom he hired as his secretary) and
2279:) (who introduced the Chinese Communist Party), Xiang Yunian (
2269:
With recommendations from Chiang Kai-shek's secretary-general
1912:) a National Soviet People's Delegates Conference was held in
172:
70:
29:
2262:, was not a communist; however, his contributions saved the
901:
2308:) the same night—risking his life and those of his family.
3550:
Preface to Fundamental Laws of the Chinese Soviet Republic
3348:. Beijing: China Peace Publishing House. pp. 105–106.
1853:
to wage civil war. A large group in southern China led by
2462:
Quánshìjiè wúchǎnjiējí hé bèi yāpò de mínzú liánhé qǐlai
2107:
the membership of all CSR associations or state bodies.
1991:
advisors who developed a strategy of building fortified
511:
Chairman of the Central Revolutionary Military Committee
2671:. Center for Chinese Studies, University of California.
352:
Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!
2582:(in Chinese). Communist Party of China. Archived from
2349:
Historical Picture Book of the Chinese Soviet Republic
2238:, and denominated in the Chinese Soviet silver-dollar
857:
843:
829:
3045:. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
2937:
The Complete History of the People's Liberation Army
2147:
A one yuan banknote with Lenin's image in the centre
1923:
With Mao Zedong as both head of state (Chinese:
212:
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101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3536:of The People's Republic of China (Liberated Area)
3507:
2199:When the Chinese Red Army's First Front began its
2050:, its manifesto on unity with the Kuomintang; the
1056:Far Eastern Bureau of the Communist International
5395:Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University
3192:"在纪念中央革命根据地创建暨中华苏维埃共和国成立80周年座谈会上的讲话（2011年11月4日）"
3136:"在纪念中央革命根据地创建暨中华苏维埃共和国成立80周年座谈会上的讲话（2011年11月4日）"
2692:. cultural-china.com. 2007–2010. Archived from
2087:
3473:Yang, Pinping; Chen, Tong (9 September 2019).
3339:. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
2630:. Government of the People's Republic of China
906:Proclamation of the People's Republic of China
540:Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
237:accompanying your translation by providing an
203:Click for important translation instructions.
190:expand this article with text translated from
7665:States and territories disestablished in 1937
5615:
5240:
4426:
4129:
3591:
2498:Less common English translations include the
2324:
2318:
2312:
2303:
2280:
2274:
2209:
2153:
1681:
789:
775:
301:
8:
3927:Wartime perception of the Chinese Communists
3166:"纪念中央革命根据地创建暨中华苏维埃共和国成立80周年座谈会在京举行 习近平出席并讲话"
3125:, published by Chinese Postage Stamp Museum.
3451:. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 110–112.
3448:Flags through the Ages and Across the World
2777:People's Wars in China, Malaya, and Vietnam
2680:
2678:
2302:several-kilogram document to Xiang Yunian (
1938:
1928:
1767:Mao Zedong was both CSR state chairman and
483:Chairman of the Central Executive Committee
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7645:States and territories established in 1931
7263:
6949:
6700:
6388:
6384:
6045:
6017:
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5622:
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2430:Politics of the People's Republic of China
2103:'s army could match the communist forces.
1688:
1674:
1494:
1389:
1294:
1176:
1036:
937:
877:
808:
387:
292:
3084:, Stanford University Press, 1968, p. 44.
2250:Zhou Enlai had planted more than a dozen
913:and leading revolutionaries proclaim the
279:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
4144:Chief executives of provinces under the
3397:(March 2007). "Mao: The Unknown Story".
3285:Barnouin, Barbara; Yu, Changgen (2006).
3096:China under Xi Jinping: A New Assessment
2904:
2535:
1898:Central Committee of the Communist Party
602:• Independence proclaimed from the
27:Communist state within China (1931–1937)
7655:Former countries of the interwar period
3291:. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
2880:
2856:
2528:
2441:
2258:. One of Zhou's most important agents,
1876:ordered these rural cadres to organize
1563:
1525:
1497:
1442:
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1337:
1297:
1235:
1212:
1179:
1117:
1089:
1039:
996:
968:
940:
889:
442:
6557:Socialism with Chinese characteristics
4310:-northeastern Jiangxi (dissolved 1935)
2916:
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2836:
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2767:
2765:
2763:
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2751:
2749:
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2745:
2572:Communist Party of China (1997–2006).
2400:Communist-controlled China (1927–1949)
2068:Soviet republic (system of government)
1851:Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army
859:
757:
4304:northeastern Jiangxi (abolished 1932)
2943:: Military Science Publishing House.
2743:
2741:
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2737:
2735:
2733:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2547:
2121:Chinese Soviet Republic National Bank
1892:border area. Mao's group founded the
1760:, Shaanxi-Gansu, Sichuan-Shanxi, and
1555:Suppression of counterrevolutionaries
651:
638:
625:
612:
599:
595:
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521:
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509:
493:
489:
481:
7:
5584:
3344:Cui, Yanxun, ed. (2003). "Chinese".
99:adding citations to reliable sources
7640:Former countries in Chinese history
7253:Major Historical and Cultural Sites
5390:East China University of Technology
3555:Coins of the Szechuan-Shensi Soviet
3538:Nai-Chiang Yang, 1998, 7th edition.
3357:. London: Oxford University Press.
3041:Barnouin, Barbara and Yu Changgen.
2559:
2192:and the eagle silver dollar of the
1712:, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by
1071:Peasant Movement Training Institute
1016:Diligent Work-Frugal Study Movement
3254:from the original on 4 August 2007
1550:Three-anti and Five-anti Campaigns
1472:Revolutionary Committee of the KMT
25:
6548:Political Consultative Conference
3228:from the original on 4 March 2016
3146:from the original on 4 March 2016
2508:Chinese Soviet Socialist Republic
2425:Military of the Republic of China
1857:established a base in the remote
45:This article has multiple issues.
7334:Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty
7329:Four Masters of the Ming dynasty
5583:
5574:
5573:
4067:ROC Government retreat to Taiwan
3751:
3738:
3719:
3703:
3694:
3685:
3674:
3656:
3643:
3633:
3623:
3481:(in Chinese). Xinhua News Agency
2420:History of the Republic of China
2395:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
2379:
2365:
2022:, where they took refuge in the
1656:
1643:
924:Outline of the Chinese Civil War
740:
726:
701:
368:
332:
320:
177:
75:
34:
7625:1937 disestablishments in China
7324:Four Paragons of the Early Tang
6521:Political parties and movements
5885:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
5870:Northern and Southern dynasties
5400:Jiangxi Agricultural University
4056:Yangtze River Crossing campaign
3498:. New York: St. Martin's Press.
3266:dictatorship of the proletariat
1051:Founding of the Communist Party
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4939:Azerbaijan People's Government
2486:
2477:
2461:
2452:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2304:
2281:
2275:
2210:
2160:traditional Chinese characters
2154:
1934:
1924:
858:
844:
830:
790:
776:
302:
247:You may also add the template
1:
4096:Kuomintang Islamic insurgency
4071:PRC incorporation of Xinjiang
3663:Constitutional ROC Government
3494:Phillips, Richard T. (1996).
2580:Communist Party of China News
2344:workers' and peasants' regime
1995:to advance the encirclement.
1490:Forming the People's Republic
1357:Yan'an Rectification Campaign
7620:1931 establishments in China
6626:Ministry of National Defense
5965:Chinese Communist Revolution
5420:Nanchang Hangkong University
4085:Wanshan Archipelago Campaign
3821:Chinese Communist Revolution
3308:The Journal of Asian Studies
3288:Zhou Enlai: A Political Life
3053:. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
3043:Zhou Enlai: A Political Life
2782:University of Michigan Press
2024:Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region
1981:fourth encirclement campaign
1629:100th Anniversary of the CCP
1443:Urban support for Communists
1434:Retreat of the ROC to Taiwan
736:Shaan-Gan-Ning Border Region
7289:Flowers of the Four Seasons
7274:Four Treasures of the Study
6893:Water supply and sanitation
6621:Central Military Commission
6616:Outline of military history
6366:Province-level subdivisions
4979:Kurdish Republic of Mahabad
3681:Republic of China on Taiwan
3649:National Revolutionary Army
3617:Principal belligerents and
2612:. People's Liberation Army.
2415:National Revolutionary Army
1985:fifth encirclement campaign
1953:National Revolutionary Army
1790:from southern China to the
1754:Hunan-Hubei-Sichuan-Guizhou
1724:in the early stages of the
1507:Central People's Government
1324:Hundred Regiments Offensive
845:Chunghua Suwei'ai Kunghekuo
831:Zhōnghuá Sūwéi'āi Gònghéguó
803:Chunghwa Suwei'ai Kunghokuo
260:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
7681:
7635:Former socialist republics
6562:Primary stage of socialism
6504:National People's Congress
5972:People's Republic of China
3893:Fujian People's Government
3759:People's Republic of China
2266:and the Chinese Red Army.
2065:
2036:Hubei-Henan-Shaanxi Soviet
2006:
1826:
915:People's Republic of China
249:{{Translated|zh|中华苏维埃共和国}}
211:Machine translation, like
7559:
6952:
6703:
6387:
6312:UNESCO Biosphere Reserves
6020:
5569:
5385:Jiangxi Normal University
5263:
5213:
3766:
3613:
3572:) (archived 26 June 2003)
3562:(archived 28 August 2008)
3409:10.1017/s030574100600107x
2964:Karl, Rebecca E. (2010).
2686:"Chinese Soviet Republic"
2667:Waller, Derek J. (1973).
2311:With help from Liu Yafo (
2158:) printed on the bill in
1812:Jin-Cha-Ji Border Regions
872:
807:
765:
680:
666:
596:
574:
548:
534:
518:
506:
490:
386:
358:
346:
316:
311:
192:the corresponding article
110:"Chinese Soviet Republic"
7487:Catholic Church in China
6631:People's Liberation Army
6598:One country, two systems
3744:People's Liberation Army
3568:(explanatory caption in
3379:. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
2931:
2628:National Museum of China
2574:
2500:Soviet Republic of China
2119:On 1 February 1932, the
2052:Second Sino-Japanese War
1904:Establishment and growth
1512:Writing the Constitution
1409:People's Liberation Army
1352:Jin-Cha-Ji Border Region
1329:New Fourth Army Incident
1299:Second Sino-Japanese War
1267:Anti-Japanese resistance
771:Traditional Chinese
18:Soviet Republic of China
7615:Chinese Soviet Republic
7319:Four Pillars of Destiny
7104:Regional discrimination
6526:Chinese Communist Party
5544:Pavilion of Prince Teng
5405:Jinggangshan University
5292:Chinese Soviet Republic
4989:North Korea (1947–1948)
4984:North Korea (1946–1947)
4146:Chinese Soviet Republic
3883:Chinese Soviet Republic
3859:Autumn Harvest Uprising
3445:Smith, Whitney (1975).
3430:. New York: Routledge.
3424:Goodman, David (1994).
3377:Mao: A Reinterpretation
3346:Atlas of Flags in China
3335:Benton, Gregor (1992).
3100:Leiden University Press
2264:Chinese Communist Party
1714:Chinese Communist Party
1702:Chinese Soviet Republic
1619:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
1588:Intervention in Vietnam
1573:Sino-Soviet Cooperation
1452:China Democratic League
1237:Chinese Soviet Republic
1109:Canton–Hong Kong strike
785:Simplified Chinese
761:Chinese Soviet Republic
658:of the Soviet Republic
297:Chinese Soviet Republic
258:For more guidance, see
7072:Science and technology
6745:Special economic zones
5997:persecution of Uyghurs
5925:Century of humiliation
4711:Current and historical
4081:Hainan Island campaign
3960:Double Tenth Agreement
3956:Chongqing Negotiations
3873:Encirclement campaigns
3353:Carter, Peter (1976).
3068:Mao: The Unknown Story
3030:Barnouin & Yu 2006
3001:Barnouin & Yu 2006
2148:
2123:was established, with
2092:
1957:encirclement campaigns
1947:Encirclement campaigns
1784:Encirclement Campaigns
1104:May Thirtieth Movement
950:Century of Humiliation
907:
477:provisional government
7279:Four Great Inventions
6663:People's Armed Police
4346:-Kweichow (1934–1936)
3970:Jiaochangkou Incident
2970:Duke University Press
2816:10.3998/mpub.11413902
2790:10.3998/mpub.11413902
2610:China Military Online
2504:China Soviet Republic
2146:
1888:border area, and the
1874:6th National Congress
1827:Further information:
1708:) was a state within
1583:Intervention in Korea
1462:Jiaochangkou incident
905:
231:copyright attribution
7258:World Heritage Sites
6786:Foreign aid received
6494:Environmental policy
6292:Environmental policy
6287:Environmental issues
5482:Jingdezhen porcelain
5216:History of socialism
3534:Yang Stamp Catalogue
3516:Simon & Schuster
3080:Lyman P. Van Slyke,
3066:Chang, Jung (2005).
3020:retrieved 2007-02-17
2843:, pp. 122–125;
2774:Opper, Marc (2020).
2718:. 18 September 2019.
2536:Yang & Chen 2019
1738:Northeastern Jiangxi
1663:Communism portal
1545:First five-year plan
1338:Communist base areas
1099:1922 seamen's strike
1006:New Culture Movement
615:• Start of the
95:improve this article
7504:History of religion
7499:Freedom of religion
7354:Four Pests campaign
7299:Four Classic Novels
6911:Automotive industry
6791:Foreign aid program
6482:Pro-democratisation
5977:Cultural Revolution
5532:Visitor attractions
5415:Nanchang University
5410:Jiujiang University
5152:Estonia (1918–1919)
5046:Hungary (1949–1989)
4326:Hunan-western Hupeh
3923:Second United Front
3843:Nanjing–Wuhan split
3791:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
3640:National Government
3400:The China Quarterly
3218:"走向胜利之本——从红都到首都的启示"
3142:. 5 November 2011.
2716:"The Yan'an Soviet"
2586:on 29 November 2018
2048:Second United Front
1971:military advisor),
1843:Northern Expedition
1804:Second United Front
1750:Hunan-Western Hubei
1746:Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi
1578:Annexation of Tibet
1414:Operation Beleaguer
1290:Second United Front
1119:Northern Expedition
1061:Sun–Joffe Manifesto
1011:May Fourth Movement
917:on October 1, 1949.
675:Chinese Soviet yuan
393:Map of the various
7411:Population history
7391:Internal migration
7006:Harmonious Society
6881:Telecommunications
6838:Standard of living
6757:Online advertising
6509:Standing Committee
5509:Pure Land Buddhism
5438:Culture of Jiangxi
5117:Byelorussia (1919)
3863:Guangzhou Uprising
3801:First United Front
3570:Simplified Chinese
3198:on 3 November 2014
3172:on 9 November 2011
3070:. Alfred A. Knoff.
2798:20.500.12657/23824
2696:on 25 October 2012
2453:全世界無產階級和被壓迫的民族聯合起來
2149:
1910:October Revolution
1878:soviet governments
1859:Jinggang Mountains
1839:First United Front
1614:Mao Zedong Thought
1403:Millet plus rifles
1222:AB League Incident
1180:Aftermath of purge
1154:Break with the KMT
1041:First United Front
908:
641:• Arrival at
364:The Internationale
239:interlanguage link
7630:Chinese Civil War
7595:
7594:
7555:
7554:
7362:
7361:
6939:
6938:
6926:Shipping industry
6690:
6689:
6656:Strategic Support
6531:General Secretary
6516:National security
6499:Foreign relations
6453:
6452:
6374:
6373:
6337:
6336:
6040:Natural disasters
6007:
6006:
5960:Chinese Civil War
5955:Republic of China
5930:Taiping Rebellion
5803:Spring and Autumn
5708:Foreign relations
5597:
5596:
5467:Tea-picking opera
5342:Luoxiao Mountains
5337:Jiuling Mountains
5222:
5221:
5209:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5002:
5001:
4744:Congo-Brazzaville
4640:Regional variants
4408:
4407:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4025:Liaoshen campaign
4007:Yu Zisan Incident
3974:Peiping rape case
3943:
3942:
3855:Nanchang uprising
3851:Little Long March
3839:Shanghai massacre
3629:Nationalist Party
3607:Chinese Civil War
3437:978-1-134-83121-0
3003:, pp. 56–57.
2979:978-0-8223-4780-4
2807:978-0-472-90125-8
2162:and a picture of
2083:political economy
1941:
1931:
1847:Shanghai Massacre
1829:Chinese Civil War
1726:Chinese Civil War
1698:
1697:
1596:
1595:
1564:Foreign relations
1517:1954 Constitution
1480:
1479:
1467:Yu Zisan Incident
1419:Liaoshen campaign
1393:Military conflict
1385:Resumed Civil War
1375:
1374:
1319:East River Column
1314:Eighth Route Army
1280:
1279:
1194:Little Long March
1162:
1161:
1024:
1023:
892:Chinese Communist
876:
875:
868:
867:
818:Standard Mandarin
756:
755:
752:
751:
748:
747:
714:
713:
662:22 September 1937
604:Republic of China
564:• 1934–1937
554:• 1931–1934
524:• 1931–1937
496:• 1931–1937
379:
289:
288:
281:
271:
270:
204:
200:
171:
170:
163:
145:
68:
16:(Redirected from
7672:
7650:Soviet republics
7575:
7568:
7465:Tibetan Buddhism
7460:Chinese Buddhism
7314:Four Holy Beasts
7264:
7116:Social relations
7045:Standard Chinese
7040:Chinese language
6950:
6735:Economic history
6701:
6680:Maritime Militia
6389:
6385:
6356:Border crossings
6351:Baseline islands
6046:
6018:
5982:Tiananmen Square
5865:Sixteen Kingdoms
5673:Military history
5648:
5624:
5617:
5610:
5601:
5587:
5586:
5577:
5576:
5561:Zhelin Reservoir
5447:Nanchang dialect
5249:
5242:
5235:
5226:
5072:
4929:
4719:
4714:socialist states
4593:African-American
4435:
4428:
4421:
4412:
4243:(dissolved 1935)
4191:(dissolved 1935)
4186:(abolished 1930)
4138:
4131:
4124:
4115:
4039:Pingjin campaign
4035:Huaihai campaign
3984:Marshall Mission
3949:
3948:
3835:Shanghai Commune
3831:Nanking incident
3784:
3783:
3769:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3742:
3723:
3707:
3698:
3689:
3679:
3678:
3667:ROC Armed Forces
3661:
3660:
3647:
3638:
3637:
3627:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3577:
3529:
3513:
3499:
3496:China Since 1911
3490:
3488:
3486:
3469:
3467:
3465:
3441:
3420:
3390:
3368:
3349:
3340:
3331:
3302:
3271:
3270:
3261:
3259:
3248:"《中华苏维埃共和国历史画册》"
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3194:. Archived from
3188:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3168:. Archived from
3162:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3151:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3091:
3085:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3063:
3057:
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2926:
2920:
2914:
2908:
2902:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2878:
2872:
2866:
2860:
2854:
2848:
2847:, pp. 46–47
2834:
2828:
2827:
2771:
2720:
2719:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2569:
2563:
2557:
2551:
2545:
2539:
2533:
2511:
2496:
2490:
2488:
2479:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2454:
2446:
2410:Chinese Red Army
2389:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2375:
2373:Communism portal
2370:
2369:
2368:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2232:lithographically
2213:
2212:
2206:Zunyi Conference
2157:
2156:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1800:Chinese Red Army
1690:
1683:
1676:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1652:
1650:China portal
1648:
1647:
1646:
1540:New Marriage Law
1495:
1429:Pingjin campaign
1424:Huaihai campaign
1390:
1367:Women's movement
1295:
1262:Zunyi Conference
1252:Chinese Red Army
1177:
1149:Shanghai Commune
1144:Nanjing Incident
1129:Wuhan Government
1090:Labor organizing
1037:
938:
895:
878:
864:
863:
862:
847:
846:
833:
832:
809:
793:
792:
779:
778:
758:
744:
743:
730:
729:
718:
717:
705:
704:
698:
697:
682:
681:
635:10 November 1934
391:
381:
380:
336:
327:Flag (1934–1937)
324:
306:
305:
304:
293:
284:
277:
250:
244:
217:Google Translate
202:
198:
181:
180:
173:
166:
159:
155:
152:
146:
144:
103:
79:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
7680:
7679:
7675:
7674:
7673:
7671:
7670:
7669:
7600:
7599:
7596:
7591:
7578:
7571:
7564:
7551:
7523:
7441:
7401:Life expectancy
7358:
7262:
7142:
7062:Public holidays
7050:Written Chinese
7035:Intellectualism
6987:Sex trafficking
6935:
6897:
6857:
6686:
6602:
6449:
6440:Nationality law
6423:Law enforcement
6401:Judicial system
6370:
6333:
6307:Nature reserves
6297:Protected areas
6263:
6234:Water resources
6197:
6106:
6044:
6003:
5987:Economic reform
5950:1911 Revolution
5936:
5900:Jin (1115–1234)
5814:
5762:
5722:
5637:
5628:
5598:
5593:
5565:
5527:
5424:
5371:
5313:
5273:
5259:
5253:
5223:
5218:
5201:
5182:Slovakia (1919)
5082:Alsace-Lorraine
5070:
4998:
4927:
4834:
4803:
4712:
4706:
4635:
4614:
4445:
4439:
4409:
4404:
4376:
4357:
4337:
4321:
4305:
4299:
4273:
4254:
4235:
4226:Zhang Dingcheng
4207:
4187:
4177:
4148:
4142:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4087:
4083:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4054:
4050:Taiping Steamer
4037:
4023:
3972:
3958:
3944:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3729:New Fourth Army
3700:Soviet Republic
3691:Communist Party
3683:
3673:
3655:
3632:
3609:
3604:
3546:
3541:
3526:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3482:
3472:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3444:
3438:
3423:
3393:
3387:
3371:
3365:
3352:
3343:
3334:
3320:10.2307/2056015
3305:
3299:
3284:
3280:
3275:
3274:
3257:
3255:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3216:
3215:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3175:
3173:
3164:
3163:
3159:
3149:
3147:
3134:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3110:
3102:. p. 112.
3093:
3092:
3088:
3079:
3075:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3040:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2995:
2980:
2963:
2962:
2958:
2951:
2933:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2915:
2911:
2903:
2899:
2891:
2887:
2879:
2875:
2867:
2863:
2855:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2808:
2773:
2772:
2723:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2633:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2576:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2558:
2554:
2546:
2542:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2497:
2493:
2472:
2468:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2335:
2248:
2228:
2220:
2185:
2172:
2141:
2117:
2101:Chiang Kai-shek
2079:
2070:
2064:
2032:
2011:
2005:
1949:
1906:
1835:
1825:
1820:
1694:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1608:
1598:
1597:
1592:
1559:
1521:
1492:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1457:Shen Chong case
1438:
1387:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1333:
1309:New Fourth Army
1292:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1231:
1227:Futian incident
1213:Internal Purges
1208:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1139:Hankou incident
1113:
1085:
1066:Left Kuomintang
1034:
1026:
1025:
1020:
992:
964:
955:1911 Revolution
935:
918:
893:
891:
741:
727:
702:
659:
648:22 October 1935
645:
632:
619:
609:7 November 1931
606:
591:Interwar period
565:
555:
525:
497:
439:
398:
382:
369:
342:
341:
340:
337:
329:
328:
325:
307:
300:
298:
285:
274:
273:
272:
267:
266:
265:
248:
242:
205:
199:(November 2020)
182:
178:
167:
156:
150:
147:
104:
102:
92:
80:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7678:
7676:
7668:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7622:
7617:
7612:
7602:
7601:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7577:
7576:
7569:
7561:
7560:
7557:
7556:
7553:
7552:
7550:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7533:
7531:
7525:
7524:
7522:
7521:
7516:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7496:
7495:
7494:
7489:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7468:
7467:
7462:
7451:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7428:
7427:
7420:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7372:
7370:
7364:
7363:
7360:
7359:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7336:
7331:
7326:
7321:
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7284:Four Gentlemen
7281:
7276:
7270:
7268:
7267:Fours of China
7261:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7245:
7240:
7235:
7230:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7210:
7205:
7204:
7203:
7193:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7152:
7150:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7124:
7123:
7113:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7086:
7081:
7080:
7079:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7053:
7052:
7047:
7037:
7032:
7031:
7030:
7025:
7024:
7023:
7008:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6953:
6947:
6941:
6940:
6937:
6936:
6934:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6916:Civil aviation
6913:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6890:
6889:
6888:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6865:
6863:
6862:Infrastructure
6859:
6858:
6856:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6816:Semiconductors
6813:
6808:
6798:
6796:Historical GDP
6793:
6788:
6783:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6749:
6748:
6747:
6742:
6732:
6727:
6726:
6725:
6715:
6710:
6704:
6698:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6687:
6685:
6684:
6683:
6682:
6672:
6671:
6670:
6660:
6659:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6612:
6610:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6600:
6595:
6594:
6593:
6588:
6578:
6577:
6576:
6574:Vice President
6566:
6565:
6564:
6554:
6553:
6552:
6551:
6550:
6540:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6518:
6513:
6512:
6511:
6501:
6496:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6474:
6469:
6463:
6461:
6455:
6454:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6420:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6403:
6397:
6395:
6382:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6347:
6345:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6331:
6330:
6329:
6324:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6302:National parks
6299:
6294:
6289:
6284:
6282:Climate policy
6279:
6277:Climate change
6273:
6271:
6265:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6260:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6236:
6231:
6226:
6221:
6216:
6211:
6205:
6203:
6199:
6198:
6196:
6195:
6190:
6185:
6183:Central Plains
6172:
6167:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6150:
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6114:
6112:
6108:
6107:
6105:
6104:
6103:
6102:
6097:
6087:
6086:
6085:
6080:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6054:
6052:
6043:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6030:Extreme points
6027:
6021:
6015:
6009:
6008:
6005:
6004:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5979:
5969:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5952:
5946:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5887:
5882:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5838:Three Kingdoms
5835:
5830:
5824:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5808:Warring States
5805:
5800:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5680:
5675:
5670:
5668:Historiography
5665:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5645:
5639:
5638:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5604:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5581:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5546:
5541:
5539:Donglin Temple
5535:
5533:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5525:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5500:
5499:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5451:Yichun dialect
5440:
5434:
5432:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5347:Wuyi Mountains
5344:
5339:
5334:
5332:Mufu Mountains
5329:
5323:
5321:
5315:
5314:
5312:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5297:Jiangxi Soviet
5294:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5244:
5237:
5229:
5220:
5219:
5214:
5211:
5210:
5207:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5162:Hungary (1919)
5159:
5154:
5149:
5148:
5147:
5142:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5078:
5076:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5029:Czech Republic
5024:Czechoslovakia
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4964:Inner Mongolia
4961:
4956:
4951:
4946:
4944:East Turkestan
4941:
4935:
4933:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4731:
4725:
4723:
4716:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4626:United Kingdom
4622:
4620:
4616:
4615:
4613:
4612:
4607:
4606:
4605:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4585:
4583:United Kingdom
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4507:
4506:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4486:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4430:
4423:
4415:
4406:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4397:
4391:
4389:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4291:
4285:
4283:
4275:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4263:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4241:Kiangsi-Fukien
4237:
4236:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4209:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4194:
4192:
4189:Kiangsi Soviet
4179:
4178:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4150:
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3913:Xi'an Incident
3910:
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3900:
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3890:
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3773:
3767:
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3725:8th Route Army
3716:Liberated Area
3622:
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3614:
3611:
3610:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3563:
3557:
3552:
3545:
3544:External links
3542:
3540:
3539:
3530:
3525:978-0140208405
3524:
3504:Schram, Stuart
3500:
3491:
3470:
3457:
3442:
3436:
3421:
3395:Schram, Stuart
3391:
3386:978-1566634588
3385:
3369:
3364:978-0192731401
3363:
3350:
3341:
3332:
3314:(2): 279–303.
3303:
3297:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3239:
3222:People's Daily
3209:
3183:
3157:
3140:People's Daily
3127:
3115:
3108:
3086:
3073:
3058:
3034:
3022:
3005:
2993:
2978:
2972:. p. 46.
2956:
2949:
2921:
2919:, p. 307.
2909:
2907:, p. 109.
2897:
2895:, p. 311.
2885:
2873:
2871:, p. 312.
2861:
2859:, p. 289.
2849:
2839:, p. 64;
2829:
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2721:
2707:
2690:Cultural China
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2357:
2334:
2333:Historiography
2331:
2247:
2244:
2227:
2226:Postage stamps
2224:
2219:
2216:
2184:
2183:Silver dollars
2181:
2171:
2168:
2164:Vladimir Lenin
2140:
2137:
2116:
2113:
2078:
2075:
2063:
2062:Administration
2060:
2031:
2028:
2007:Main article:
2004:
2003:The Long March
2001:
1948:
1945:
1905:
1902:
1894:Jiangxi Soviet
1833:Jiangxi Soviet
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1808:Shaan-Gan-Ning
1796:Xi'an Incident
1773:mobile warfare
1769:prime minister
1762:Haifeng-Lufeng
1734:Jiangxi Soviet
1716:(CCP) leaders
1696:
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1272:Xi'an Incident
1269:
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1254:
1249:
1247:Jiangxi Soviet
1243:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
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1210:
1209:
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1199:Autumn Harvest
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812:Transcriptions
805:
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712:
711:
706:
694:
693:
688:
678:
677:
672:
668:
667:
664:
663:
660:
656:Disintegration
653:
650:
649:
646:
640:
637:
636:
633:
630:Fall of Ruijin
627:
624:
623:
622:7 October 1934
620:
614:
611:
610:
607:
601:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
587:Historical era
584:
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571:
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556:
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487:
484:
480:
479:
455:
451:
450:
445:
441:
440:
438:
437:
427:
417:
414:Jiangxi Soviet
406:
404:
400:
399:
392:
384:
383:
367:
356:
355:
344:
343:
338:
331:
330:
326:
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83:
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43:
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26:
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14:
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10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7677:
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7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7493:
7492:Protestantism
7490:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7477:Folk religion
7475:
7473:
7470:
7466:
7463:
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7389:
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7384:
7382:
7381:Ethnic groups
7379:
7377:
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7369:
7365:
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7295:
7294:Four Beauties
7292:
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7280:
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7133:Urban society
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7089:Social issues
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7067:Rural society
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6967:Chinese Dream
6965:
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6942:
6932:
6931:Space program
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6789:
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6709:
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6666:
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6611:
6609:
6605:
6599:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6583:
6582:
6581:State Council
6579:
6575:
6572:
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6570:
6567:
6563:
6560:
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6558:
6555:
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6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6510:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6475:
6473:
6470:
6468:
6467:Civil service
6465:
6464:
6462:
6460:
6456:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:
6421:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6377:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6344:
6340:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6266:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6237:
6235:
6232:
6230:
6227:
6225:
6222:
6220:
6217:
6215:
6212:
6210:
6207:
6206:
6204:
6200:
6194:
6191:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6171:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6155:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6139:
6136:
6134:
6131:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6109:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6092:
6091:
6088:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6074:
6073:South Central
6071:
6069:
6066:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6047:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6010:
5998:
5995:
5993:
5990:
5988:
5985:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5947:
5945:
5943:
5939:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5917:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5886:
5883:
5881:
5878:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5860:Jin (266–420)
5858:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5846:
5844:
5841:
5840:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5821:
5817:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5794:
5791:
5787:
5784:
5783:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5743:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5703:Ethnic groups
5701:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5683:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5625:
5620:
5618:
5613:
5611:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5590:
5582:
5580:
5572:
5571:
5568:
5562:
5559:
5555:
5554:National Park
5552:
5551:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5530:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5514:Hakka culture
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5435:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5367:Xiushui River
5365:
5363:
5362:Yangtze River
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5271:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5245:
5243:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5227:
5217:
5212:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5132:Crimea (1919)
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
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5110:
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4994:South Vietnam
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4921:North Vietnam
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4909:
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4467:New Australia
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4185:
4182:southwestern
4180:
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3938:Dixie Mission
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3458:9780070590939
3454:
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3333:
3329:
3325:
3321:
3317:
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3309:
3304:
3300:
3298:962-996-280-2
3294:
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3289:
3283:
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3277:
3269:
3267:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3240:
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3158:
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3141:
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3119:
3116:
3111:
3109:9789087284411
3105:
3101:
3097:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3056:
3052:
3051:962-996-280-2
3048:
3044:
3038:
3035:
3032:, p. 58.
3031:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3014:On Tactics...
3009:
3006:
3002:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2960:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2905:Phillips 1996
2901:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2883:, p. 31.
2882:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:. Ann Arbor:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2768:
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2197:
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2182:
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2165:
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2145:
2138:
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2086:
2084:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2044:Yan'an Soviet
2041:
2037:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2010:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:rural Guangxi
1879:
1875:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1792:Yan'an Soviet
1789:
1785:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Hunan-Jiangxi
1739:
1735:
1731:
1730:discontiguous
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1691:
1686:
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1679:
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1639:
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1381:
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1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1347:Yan'an Soviet
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1336:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1296:
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1258:
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1234:
1228:
1225:
1223:
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1219:
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1216:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
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1127:
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1123:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1081:28 Bolsheviks
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1033:Early history
1030:
1029:
1017:
1014:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
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1001:
1000:
995:
989:
986:
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879:
871:
861:
856:
854:
850:
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840:
836:
828:
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796:
788:
786:
782:
774:
772:
768:
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759:
739:
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734:
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716:
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692:
689:
687:
684:
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679:
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673:
669:
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644:
634:
631:
621:
618:
608:
605:
592:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:
569:Zhang Wentian
567:
557:
543:
541:
533:
530:
527:
513:
505:
502:
499:
485:
478:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
452:
449:
446:
435:
434:Yan'an Soviet
431:
428:
425:
424:Yan'an Soviet
421:
418:
415:
411:
408:
407:
405:
401:
396:
390:
385:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
335:
323:
315:
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294:
291:
283:
280:
261:
257:
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246:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
221:
218:
214:
210:
208:
207:
201:
195:
193:
188:You can help
184:
175:
174:
165:
162:
154:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112: –
111:
107:
106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
89:
84:This article
82:
78:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
7597:
7482:Christianity
7472:Confucianism
7432:Urbanization
7368:Demographics
7344:Gang of Four
7309:Four Symbols
7208:Martial arts
6982:Prostitution
6869:Architecture
6723:Central bank
6591:Vice Premier
6543:United front
6472:Constitution
6428:Penal system
6406:Human rights
6343:Subdivisions
6181: /
6177: /
6100:Southwestern
6095:Northwestern
5798:Western Zhou
5746:Yellow River
5696:1949–present
5522:architecture
5477:Architecture
5291:
5092:Baranya–Baja
5061:Soviet Union
5041:East Germany
4968:
4739:Burkina Faso
4372:Shao Shiping
4342:Hunan-Hupeh-
4294:Wang Shoudao
4250:Shao Shiping
4167:Zhang Tailei
4162:Su Zhaozheng
4145:
4060:
4049:
4018:
3995:
3882:
3847:715 Incident
3699:
3684:
3532:
3510:Mao Tse-Tung
3509:
3495:
3483:. Retrieved
3478:
3462:. Retrieved
3447:
3426:
3403:(189): 205.
3398:
3376:
3354:
3345:
3336:
3311:
3307:
3287:
3263:
3256:. Retrieved
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3221:
3212:
3200:. Retrieved
3196:the original
3186:
3174:. Retrieved
3170:the original
3160:
3148:. Retrieved
3139:
3130:
3122:
3118:
3095:
3089:
3081:
3076:
3067:
3061:
3042:
3037:
3025:
3013:
3012:Mao Zedong,
3008:
2996:
2965:
2959:
2936:
2924:
2912:
2900:
2888:
2881:Goodman 1994
2876:
2864:
2857:Averill 1987
2852:
2832:
2776:
2710:
2700:21 September
2698:. Retrieved
2694:the original
2689:
2668:
2662:
2654:Taiwan Today
2653:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2588:. Retrieved
2584:the original
2579:
2567:
2555:
2543:
2531:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2485:
2469:
2460:
2444:
2387:China portal
2348:
2336:
2310:
2291:
2271:Yang Yongtai
2268:
2249:
2246:Intelligence
2229:
2221:
2198:
2194:Mexican peso
2186:
2173:
2170:Copper coins
2155:中華蘇維埃共和國國家銀行
2150:
2133:
2118:
2109:
2105:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2080:
2071:
2055:
2033:
2016:
2012:
1997:
1950:
1922:
1907:
1871:
1836:
1781:
1766:
1705:
1701:
1699:
1640:
1624:National Day
1362:Yan'an Forum
1236:
1134:Hunan Report
825:Hanyu Pinyin
691:Succeeded by
690:
685:
444:Largest city
359:
348:Motto:
347:
290:
275:
235:edit summary
226:
197:
189:
157:
148:
138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
7248:Variety art
7243:Tea culture
7171:Calligraphy
7156:Archaeology
7016:Food safety
6811:Gold mining
6713:Aquaculture
6708:Agriculture
6668:Coast Guard
6435:Naming laws
6269:Environment
6257:South China
5736:Paleolithic
5728:Prehistoric
5686:before 1912
5487:Jizhou ware
5462:Ganju opera
5443:Gan Chinese
5357:Poyang Lake
5075:Short-lived
4932:Short-lived
4901:South Yemen
4886:North Korea
4846:Afghanistan
4563:New Zealand
4558:Netherlands
4400:Xi Zhongxun
4395:Ma Mingfang
4317:Fang Zhimin
4198:Yuan Wencai
3811:Canton Coup
3373:Feigon, Lee
3232:29 November
3150:29 November
2968:. Durham :
2917:Benton 1992
2893:Benton 1992
2869:Benton 1992
2845:Feigon 2002
2841:Schram 1966
2837:Carter 1976
2634:24 November
2299:barbed wire
2236:imperforate
2190:Yuan Shikai
2077:Land reform
2030:Dissolution
1993:blockhouses
1869:provinces.
1837:During the
1535:Land Reform
1076:Canton Coup
978:Nationalism
960:Warlord Era
722:Soviet Zone
709:Soviet Zone
686:Preceded by
579:Legislature
426:(1936–1937)
416:(1931–1934)
7660:East China
7604:Categories
7509:Irreligion
7406:Statistics
7376:Emigration
7339:Four Wangs
7228:Philosophy
7213:Mass media
7196:Literature
7094:Patriarchy
7057:Propaganda
6977:Corruption
6962:Censorship
6752:E-commerce
6459:Government
6252:East China
6224:Waterfalls
6170:Peninsulas
6138:Grasslands
5187:Tarnobrzeg
5112:Bessarabia
5066:Yugoslavia
4789:Seychelles
4784:Mozambique
4779:Madagascar
4702:Vietnamese
4697:Venezuelan
4687:Nicaraguan
4682:Melanesian
4599:Venezuela
4511:Kuomintang
4504:since 1978
4474:Bangladesh
4450:By country
4444:by country
4221:Deng Zihui
3994:Operation
3903:Long March
3514:. London:
3202:3 November
3176:3 November
2950:7801373154
2575:中國國歌百年演變史話
2548:Smith 1975
2518:References
2506:, and the
2405:Two Chinas
2340:Xi Jinping
2287:Lu Zhiying
2201:Long March
2066:See also:
2009:Long March
1977:Zhou Enlai
1965:Otto Braun
1855:Mao Zedong
1823:Background
1788:Long March
1718:Mao Zedong
1498:Government
1257:Long March
911:Mao Zedong
894:Revolution
839:Wade–Giles
617:Long March
558:Mao Zedong
501:Mao Zedong
454:Government
194:in Chinese
151:March 2009
121:newspapers
50:improve it
7396:Languages
7349:Four Olds
7304:Four arts
7191:Libraries
7121:Structure
7084:Sexuality
7021:incidents
6994:Education
6903:Transport
6779:Renewable
6774:Petroleum
6569:President
6536:Politburo
6489:Elections
6477:Democracy
6445:Terrorism
6193:Volcanoes
6175:Northeast
6153:Mountains
6063:Northeast
6013:Geography
5920:High Qing
5741:Neolithic
5713:Dynasties
5691:1912–1949
5682:Economic
5651:Overviews
5472:Nuo opera
5377:Education
5352:Gan River
5319:Geography
5145:1939–1940
5100:1918–1919
4869:1982–1992
4864:1979–1992
4859:1975–1979
4855:Cambodia
4830:Nicaragua
4762:1987–1991
4757:1974–1987
4753:Ethiopia
4692:Tanzanian
4573:Sri Lanka
4516:Hong Kong
4499:Communist
4462:Australia
4457:Argentina
4442:Socialism
4381:northern
4362:Szechuan-
4269:Tan Yubao
4203:Zeng Shan
4154:Kwangtung
4092:1950–1958
4031:1948–1949
3996:Beleaguer
3990:1945–1949
3980:1945–1947
3919:1937–1946
3899:1934–1936
3889:1933–1934
3879:1931–1934
3869:1930–1934
3817:1927–1949
3776:Post-1945
3619:campaigns
3566:12 stamps
3417:154814055
2988:503828045
2932:中国人民解放军全史
2824:211359950
2523:Citations
2139:Banknotes
2125:Mao Zemin
2111:League.
1969:Comintern
1961:Wang Ming
1925:中央執行委員會主席
1890:Xiangegan
1764:Soviets.
1204:Guangzhou
1172:Civil War
997:Movements
983:Anarchism
470:socialist
464:one-party
312:1931–1937
253:talk page
56:talk page
7582:Category
7455:Buddhism
7447:Religion
7424:Post-90s
7417:Post-80s
7161:Archives
7028:HIV/AIDS
6999:Literacy
6957:Abortion
6886:Internet
6843:Taxation
6826:Textiles
6806:Chemical
6801:Industry
6730:Currency
6608:Military
6416:in Tibet
6380:Politics
6317:Wildlife
6229:Wetlands
5992:COVID-19
5820:Imperial
5718:Monarchs
5678:Language
5663:Timeline
5635:articles
5579:Category
5549:Mount Lu
5518:language
5504:Religion
5497:Anfu ham
5304:Politics
5266:Nanchang
5197:Würzburg
5172:Naissaar
5136:Finland
5096:Bavaria
5034:Slovakia
5019:Bulgaria
4949:Far East
4896:Mongolia
4808:Americas
4672:European
4603:Chavismo
4568:Pakistan
4344:Szechuan
4308:Zhejiang
4296:(acting)
4289:Li Lisan
4282:-Kiangsi
4262:-Kiangsi
4173:Peng Pai
4169:(acting)
4063:Incident
4061:Amethyst
4052:Incident
4021:incident
3772:Pre-1945
3709:Red Army
3506:(1966).
3479:XHBY.net
3375:(2002).
3252:Archived
3226:Archived
3144:Archived
2560:Cui 2003
2359:See also
2260:Mo Xiong
2256:Nanchang
2240:currency
2218:Taxation
2056:de facto
1189:Nanchang
883:a series
881:Part of
791:中华苏维埃共和国
777:中華蘇維埃共和國
671:Currency
475:under a
473:republic
461:Leninist
303:中華蘇維埃共和國
229:provide
7610:Jiangxi
7566:Outline
7529:Symbols
7386:Eunuchs
7233:Smoking
7181:Cuisine
7148:Culture
7138:Welfare
7109:Suicide
7077:history
6945:Society
6874:Housing
6848:Tourism
6833:Poverty
6718:Banking
6696:Economy
6675:Militia
6586:Premier
6188:Valleys
6148:Islands
6133:Deserts
6123:Canyons
6111:Terrain
6090:Western
6078:Central
6050:Regions
6035:Geology
6025:Borders
5768:Ancient
5751:Yangtze
5658:History
5643:History
5589:Commons
5492:Cuisine
5430:Culture
5309:Economy
5287:History
5279:General
5270:capital
5256:Jiangxi
5167:Ireland
5157:Galicia
5056:Romania
5014:Albania
4969:Jiangxi
4916:Vietnam
4820:Grenada
4794:Somalia
4677:Israeli
4667:Chinese
4662:Burmese
4657:British
4647:African
4619:History
4610:Vietnam
4578:Tunisia
4528:Finland
4523:Estonia
4353:He Long
4306:Fujian-
4184:Kiangsi
4019:Kiangya
3485:7 April
3464:7 April
3328:2056015
3278:Sources
3258:29 July
3018:Note 26
2941:Beijing
2939:].
2487:Guójìgē
2474:Chinese
2449:Chinese
2353:Ganzhou
2177:dollars
2115:Finance
1935:人民委員會主席
1863:Jiangxi
1818:History
1777:peasant
1526:Reforms
988:Marxism
941:Context
933:Origins
654:•
643:Shaanxi
628:•
458:Unitary
403:Capital
395:soviets
362: "
360:Anthem:
251:to the
233:in the
196:.
135:scholar
7587:Portal
7542:Emblem
7537:Anthem
7519:Taoism
7201:Poetry
7176:Cinema
7099:Racism
7011:Health
6764:Energy
6740:Reform
6651:Rocket
6636:Ground
6361:Cities
6247:Yellow
6219:Rivers
6209:Canals
6163:passes
6158:ranges
5942:Modern
5633:
5327:Cities
5258:topics
5177:Saxony
5122:Bremen
5051:Poland
5007:Europe
4974:Kuwait
4954:Fujian
4769:Guinea
4729:Angola
4722:Africa
4538:Greece
4533:France
4495:China
4491:Canada
4484:Lulism
4479:Brazil
4383:Shensi
4364:Sikang
4333:Xia Xi
4278:Hunan-
4231:Ye Fei
4213:Fukien
3756:
3522:
3455:
3434:
3415:
3383:
3361:
3326:
3295:
3106:
3049:
2986:
2976:
2947:
2822:
2814:
2804:
2590:21 May
2502:, the
2484::
2482:pinyin
2476::
2459::
2457:pinyin
2451::
2351:, the
2295:Lushan
2129:dollar
2040:Bao'an
2020:Yan'an
1918:Eyuwan
1914:Ruijin
1886:Eyuwan
1884:, the
1867:Fujian
1758:Eyuwan
1728:. The
1722:Zhu De
1606:Legacy
885:on the
799:Postal
544:
529:Zhu De
514:
486:
467:soviet
448:Ruijin
436:(1937)
430:Yan'an
420:Bao'an
410:Ruijin
339:Emblem
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
7573:Index
7514:Islam
7437:Women
7238:Sport
7223:Names
7218:Music
7186:Dance
6972:Crime
6853:Trade
6821:Steel
6327:Flora
6322:Fauna
6242:Bohai
6238:Seas
6214:Lakes
6202:Water
6179:North
6143:Hills
6128:Caves
6083:South
6068:North
5781:Shang
5631:China
5457:Music
5192:Užice
5127:Bihać
5087:Banat
4959:Gilan
4906:Syria
4876:China
4851:Burma
4825:Chile
4799:Sudan
4774:Libya
4749:Egypt
4734:Benin
4553:Italy
4543:India
4387:Kansu
4280:Hupeh
4260:Hunan
3560:Coins
3413:S2CID
3324:JSTOR
2935:[
2820:S2CID
2812:JSTOR
2436:Notes
2252:moles
1973:Bo Gu
1710:China
969:Ideas
213:DeepL
142:JSTOR
128:books
7547:Flag
7128:Time
6921:Rail
6769:Coal
6641:Navy
6411:LGBT
6118:Bays
6058:East
5915:Qing
5910:Ming
5905:Yuan
5895:Song
5890:Liao
5880:Tang
5793:Zhou
5786:Late
5756:Liao
5140:1918
5105:1919
4911:Tuva
4891:Laos
4881:Iraq
4839:Asia
4815:Cuba
4652:Arab
4548:Iran
4077:1950
4045:1949
4013:1948
4003:1947
3966:1946
3952:1945
3934:1944
3909:1936
3827:1927
3807:1926
3797:1924
3787:1923
3733:etc.
3520:ISBN
3487:2023
3466:2023
3453:ISBN
3432:ISBN
3381:ISBN
3359:ISBN
3293:ISBN
3260:2007
3234:2018
3204:2014
3178:2014
3152:2018
3104:ISBN
3055:p.61
3047:ISBN
2984:OCLC
2974:ISBN
2945:ISBN
2802:ISBN
2702:2012
2636:2022
2592:2012
1989:Nazi
1975:and
1951:The
1940:lit.
1930:lit.
1865:and
1831:and
1810:and
1782:The
1775:and
1720:and
1700:The
227:must
225:You
114:news
7166:Art
6646:Air
6393:Law
5875:Sui
5848:Han
5843:Wei
5833:Han
5828:Qin
5776:Xia
4017:SS
3405:doi
3355:Mao
3316:doi
2794:hdl
2786:doi
2478:國際歌
2326:項與年
2320:項與年
2314:劉亞佛
2305:項與年
2282:項與年
2276:劉亞佛
1967:(a
1706:CSR
853:IPA
215:or
97:by
7606::
5853:Wu
5520:,
5449:,
3746:)
3731:,
3727:,
3711:)
3693:/
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3651:)
3631:/
3518:.
3477:.
3411:.
3322:.
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3310:.
3262:.
3250:.
3224:.
3220:.
3138:.
3098:.
3016::
2982:.
2818:.
2810:.
2800:.
2792:.
2784:.
2724:^
2688:.
2677:^
2652:.
2626:.
2608:.
2578:.
2480:;
2455:;
2211:土城
2179:.
2166:.
2131:.
2038:.
2026:.
1937:;
1927:;
1814:.
1756:,
1752:,
1748:,
1744:,
1740:,
432:,
422:,
412:,
59:.
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5248:e
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4434:e
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4385:-
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