Cinema of the Soviet Union - Knowledge (XXG)

1572:(1930) along the way because of the capricious decision of one or another censoring committee. This redundant oversight slowed down production and inhibited creativity. Although central planning was supposed to increase the film industry's productivity, production levels declined steadily through the 1930s. The industry was releasing over one-hundred features annually at the end of the NEP period, but that figure fell to seventy by 1932 and to forty-five by 1934. It never again reached triple digits during the remainder of the Stalin era. Veteran directors experienced precipitous career declines under this system of control; whereas Eisenstein was able to make four features between 1924 and 1929, he completed only one film, 525: 1804:

artists found themselves unemployed because of censorship laws. Historians hypothesize many possible reasons why the Soviet government showed such seemingly inexplicable leniency toward the foreign films. The government may have granted cinemas the right to show the films so they could stay in business after the domestic film industry had declined. A second hypothesis speculates that the government saw the films as an easy source of money to help rebuild the nation after the war. The minutes of the CPSU Central Committee meeting seem to support the latter idea with instructions that the films are to bring in a net income of at least 750 million

1161:, Soviet filmmakers were given a freer hand to film what they believed audiences wanted to see in their film's characters and stories. The industry remained a part of the government and any material that was found politically offensive or undesirable, was either removed, edited, reshot, or shelved. The definition of "socialist realism" was liberalized to allow development of more human characters, but communism still had to remain uncriticized in its fundamentals. Additionally, the degree of relative artistic liberality was changed from administration to administration. 954:

additional 89 cinemas had opened. Despite extremely high taxation of ticket sales and film rentals, there was an incentive for individuals to begin making feature film product again – there were places to show the films – albeit they now had to conform their subject matter to a Soviet world view. In this context, the directors and writers who were in support of the objectives of communism assumed quick dominance in the industry, as they were the ones who could most reliably and convincingly turn out films that would satisfy government censors.

933:– educational films intended to agitate, or energize and enthuse, the masses to participate fully in approved Soviet activities, and deal effectively with those who remained in opposition to the new order. These short (often one small reel) films were often simple visual aids and accompaniments to live lectures and speeches, and were carried from city to city, town to town, village to village (along with the lecturers) to educate the entire countryside, even reaching areas where film had not been previously seen. 149: 1800:

The other twenty-six films, consisting almost entirely of American films, were only allowed to be shown in private screenings. The minutes also include a separate list of permitted German musical films, which were mainly German and Italian film adaptations of famous operas. Most of the trophy films were released in 1948–49, but somewhat strangely, compiled lists of the released films include ones not previously mentioned in the official minutes of the Central Committee.

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artistic needs of the proletariat". Although state controlled, "the organization was characterized by a pluralism of political and artistic views until the late 1920s". One of the most iconic developments in film during this period that is still used in films today was editing and montage to create meaning. This style of film making came to be known as the Kuleshov effect and was employed to conserve film stock due to shortages during that period. The film

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1920s and to embrace socialist realism, a literary style that, in practice, was actually close to 19th-century realism. The other arts, including cinema, were subsequently instructed to develop the aesthetic equivalent. For cinema, this meant adopting a film style that would be legible to a broad audience, thus avoiding a possible split between the avant-garde and mainstream cinema that was evident in the late 1920s. The director of Soyuzkino and, later,

6170: 3907: 764: 6182: 35: 7526: 1544:(NEP) to a system of central planning. The new leadership declared a "cultural revolution" in which the party would exercise control over cultural affairs, including artistic expression. Cinema existed at the intersection of art and economics; so it was destined to be thoroughly reorganized in this episode of economic and cultural transformation. 979:". The leaders of this community viewed it essential to this goal to be free to experiment with the entire nature of film, a position which would result in several well-known creative efforts but would also result in an unforeseen counter-reaction by the increasingly solidifying administrators of the government-controlled society. 1638:(1886–1938), served as chief executive of the Soviet film industry from 1931 to 1938, and was a harsh critic of the montage aesthetic. He championed a "cinema for the millions", which would use clear, linear narration. Although American movies were no longer being imported in the 1930s, the Hollywood model of 1751:

The Soviet film industry suffered during the period after World War II. On top of dealing with the severe physical and monetary losses of the war, Stalin's regime tightened social control and censorship to manage the effects recent exposure to the West had on the people. The postwar period was marked

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in 1948 further crippled the film industry. The resolution criticized the work of the industry, saying that an emphasis placed on quantity over quality had ideologically weakened the films. Instead, the council insisted that every film produced must be a masterpiece for promoting communist ideas and

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On August 27, 1919, Vladimir Lenin nationalized the film industry and created post-imperial Soviet films "when all control over film production and exhibition was ceded to the People’s Commissariat of Education." The work of the nationalized motion-picture studios was administered by the All-Russian

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The public release of these trophy films seems contradictory in the context of the 1940s Soviet Union. The Soviet government allowed the exhibition of foreign films which contained far more subversive ideas than any a Soviet director would have ever attempted putting in a film at a time when Soviet

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Meeting on August 31, 1948, the committee permitted the Minister of the Film Industry to release fifty of these films in the Soviet Union. Of these fifty, Bolshakov was only allowed to release twenty-four for screening to the general public, mainly films made in Germany, Austria, Italy, and France.

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recorded remarkably low numbers of films being produced from 1945 to 1953, with as few as nine films produced in 1951 and a maximum of twenty-three produced in 1952. These numbers do not, however, include many of the works which are not generally considered to be "film" in an elitist sense, such as

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in Moscow, conducted research through the late 1920s on complementary sound systems, which were ready for use by 1930. The implementation process, including the cost of refitting movie theaters, proved daunting, and the USSR did not complete the transition to sound until 1935. Nevertheless, several

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With central planning came more centralized authority over creative decision making. Script development became a long, torturous process under this bureaucratic system, with various committees reviewing drafts and calling for cuts or revisions. In the 1930s censorship became more exacting with each

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Since films were publicly funded by Goskino, Soviet directors were not preoccupied with commercial pressures. This contributed to the creation of philosophical and poetic films. Scripts had to be approved by a Goskino committee before the director would receive funding, and the production could be

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In addition to releasing the films, the committee also charged Bolshakov and the Agitation and Propaganda Department of the CPSU Central Committee "with making the necessary editorial corrections to the films and with providing an introductory text and carefully edited subtitles for each film." In

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Such aesthetic policies, enforced by the rigorous censorship apparatus of the USSR, resulted in a number of formulaic films. Apparently, they did succeed in sustaining a true "cinema of the masses". The 1930s witnessed some stellar examples of popular cinema. The single most successful film of the

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Movie theaters in the postwar period faced the problem of satisfying the growing appetites of Soviet audiences for films while dealing with the shortage of newly produced works from studios. In response, cinemas played the same films for months at a time, many of them the works of the late 1930s.

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As Soviet cinema made the transition to sound and central planning in the early 1930s, it was also put under a mandate to adopt a uniform film style, commonly identified as "socialist realism". In 1932 the party leadership ordered the literary community to abandon the avant-garde practices of the

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forces as they pushed further and further south into what remained of the Russian Empire. Furthermore, the new government did not have the funds to spare for an extensive reworking of the system of filmmaking. Thus, they initially opted for project approval and censorship guidelines while leaving

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There is very little direct evidence of how Soviet audiences received the trophy films. Soviet magazines or newspapers never reviewed the films, there were no audience surveys, and no records exist of how many people viewed the films. To judge the reception and popularity of these foreign films,

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and his followers battled heroically for the revolutionary cause. The film also humanized the title character, giving him personal foibles, an ironic sense of humour, and a rough peasant charm. These qualities endeared him to the viewing public: spectators reported seeing the film multiple times

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was readily available, and it had a successful track record with Soviet movie audiences. Soviet socialist realism was built on this style, which assured tidy storytelling. Various other strictures were then added to the doctrine: positive heroes to act as role models for viewers; lessons in good

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which used montage editing techniques to repurpose old Imperial documentaries into a revolutionary theme. In 1924, filmmakers Sergei Eisenstein and Lev Kuleshov created the first association of Soviet filmmakers, the Association of Revolutionary Cinematography (ARK), to "meet the ideological and

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Still, in 1921, there was not one functioning cinema in Moscow until late in the year. Its rapid success, using old Russian and imported feature films, jumpstarted the industry significantly, especially insofar as the government did not heavily or directly regulate what was shown, and by 1923 an

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Meanwhile, the USSR cut off its film contacts with the West. It stopped importing films after 1931 out of concern that foreign films exposed audiences to capitalist ideology. The industry also freed itself from dependency on foreign technologies. During its industrialization effort of the early

1925:, were all the more reluctant to take up script writing, and the early 1950s saw only a handful of feature films completed during any year. The death of Stalin was a relief to some people, and all the more so was the official trashing of his public image as a benign and competent leader by 1556:, which had enjoyed more independence during the 1920s. Soyuzkino consisted of an extended bureaucracy of economic planners and policy specialists who were charged to formulate annual production plans for the studios and then to monitor the distribution and exhibition of finished films. 988: 1777:

privately screened films for Stalin and top members of Soviet government. The strict limitations on content and complex, centralized process for approval drove many screenwriters away, and studios had much difficulty producing any of the quality films mandated by the 1948 resolution.

1905:(October 4, 1946), M. Chistiakov reprimanded theaters and the Soviet film industry for the fact that over a six-month timespan, sixty of the films shown had been tasteless Western films rather than Soviet ones. Even in criticism of the films and the crusading efforts of the 1551:

was created in 1930. All the hitherto autonomous studios and distribution networks that had grown up under NEP's market would now be coordinated in their activities by this planning agency. Soyuzkino's authority also extended to the studios of the national republics such as

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in terms of box-office success. The fantasy element of their films, with lively musical numbers reviving the montage aesthetic, sometimes stretched the boundaries of socialist realism, but the genre could also allude to contemporary affairs. In Aleksandrov's 1940 musical

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were considered apolitical enough to be shown to the general populace. Still the Propaganda and Agitation Section of the Central Committee ran into trouble with the censoring of two films slated for release. The censors found it impossible to remove the

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what remained of the industry in private hands. As this amounted mostly to cinema houses, the first Soviet films consisted of recycled films of the Russian Empire and its imports, to the extent that these were not determined to be offensive to the new

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two years later. This latter event gave filmmakers the margin of comfort they needed to move away from the narrow stories of socialist realism, expand its boundaries, and begin work on a wider range of entertaining and artistic Soviet films.

2821:. The film stars a lot of the Soviet cinema actors and is now considered a classic. The film was such a huge success (thanks in large part to its numerous magnificent songs) that since the 1990s it has been broadcast on TV on New Year's Eve. 1267:

marked the beginning of popular science films. Feature-length agitation films in 1918–21 were important in the development of the film industry. Innovation in Russian filmmaking was expressed particularly in the work of Eisenstein.

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was crazy about the film. According to him, everywhere he went people were talking about the film and whistling the songs. Of the two accounts, film historians generally consider Okudzhava's more reliable than the one presented by

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During the late 1920s and early 1930s the Stalin wing of the Communist Party consolidated its authority and set about transforming the Soviet Union on both the economic and cultural fronts. The economy moved from the market-based

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Anything new drew millions of people to the box office, and many theaters screened foreign films to attract larger audiences. Most of these foreign films were "trophy films", two thousand films brought into the country by the

4454:; edited by Luda and Jean Schnitzer and Marcel Martin; translated and with additional material by David Robinson. London: Secker & Warburg, 1973 (translation of «Le cinéma soviétique par ceux qui l'ont fait ») 958: 907:, the Russian film industry and the infrastructure needed to support it (e.g., electrical power) had deteriorated to the point of unworkability. The majority of cinemas had been in the corridor between Moscow and 993:

wrote a book on the history of film he says is "the first Soviet attempt at systematization of the meager available sources for the general reader". Along with other articles written by Lebedev and published by

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to systemise the film business, registering and numbering all films shown in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, extracting rent from all privately owned cinemas and subject them to censorship.

5089: 1694:, Orlova plays a humble servant girl who rises through the ranks of the Soviet industrial leadership after developing clever labour-saving work methods. Audiences could enjoy the film's comic turn on the 1860: 5493: 5476: 1240:

blazed the trail from the conventional newsreel to the "image centered publicistic film", which became the basis of the Soviet film documentary. Typical of the 1920s were the topical news serial

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To secure independence from the West, industry leaders mandated that the USSR develop its own sound technologies, rather than taking licenses on Western sound systems. Two Soviet scientists,

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reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow. Most prolific in their republican films, after the

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to the State coffers over the course of a year from public and private screenings, and 250 million roubles of this were supposed to come from rentals to the trade union camera network.

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New talent joined the experienced remainder, and an artistic community assembled with the goal of defining "Soviet film" as something distinct and better from the output of "decadent

847:. At the same time, the nation's film industry, which was fully nationalized throughout most of the country's history, was guided by philosophies and laws propounded by the monopoly 5986: 5486: 4568: 875:

began quickly to come under the domination of a Soviet reorganization of all its institutions. From the outset, the leaders of this new state held that film would be the most ideal

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became known for the 'poetic' quality of their films. In keeping with Russian culture, tragi-comedies were very popular. These decades were also prominent in the production of the

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was noteworthy for its innovative montage and metaphorical quality of its film language. It won world acclaim. Eisenstein developed concepts of the revolutionary epic in the film

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by Boris Barnet focus on the psychology of the common person, enthusiasm for work and intolerance for remnants of the past. Many films focused on national heroes, including

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the Soviet system. Often, Stalin had the ultimate decision on whether a newly produced film was appropriate for public viewing. In private screenings after meetings of the

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by Vertov, whose experiments and achievements in documentary films influenced the development of Russian and world cinematography. Other important films of the 1920s were

5720: 4032: 3540: 2784:, a 1976 romantic comedy by Eldar Ryazanov. The picture is so beloved in Russia that it is broadcast on television every New Year Eve, similarly to the American movie 715: 4188: 4497:

Fedorov, A. Record holders of the banned Soviet cinema (1951–1991) in the mirror of film criticism and viewers' opinions. Moscow: “Information for all”. 2021. 102 p.

6451: 1618:(1933) Pudovkin experimented with a form of "sound counterpoint" by exploiting tensions and ironic dissonances between sound elements and the image track. And in 5418: 5031: 4488:(in German and Germanically transliterated Cyrillic. Eisenstein, a German name to begin with, goes through the wringer and comes back out as "Ejzenstejn", e.g.) 1899:, although not technically trophies as they had been purchased legally during the wartime alliance with America, were highly popular with Soviet audiences. In 1228:

and ships visited soldiers, workers, and peasants. Lectures, reports, and political meetings were accompanied by newsreels about events at the various fronts.

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pretends to be a criminal boss called the Professor (who looks exactly like him) to gain information about a stolen artifact from the Professor's two lackeys.

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published a supposed survey compiled of readers' letters to the editor in March 1947 which criticize the film for being idealess, low brow, and even harmful.

5084: 2043: 2012: 1586:(1935–37) was halted during production in 1937 and officially banned, one of many promising film projects that fell victim to an exacting censorship system. 864: 816: 5603: 5573: 4563: 52: 5057: 5860: 5820: 5730: 5541: 3074: 2756:, a 1973 comedy by Leonid Gaidai. A scientist's time travel machine ends up teleporting his tenement administrator into 16th century Russia and bringing 1975: 489: 3165:, a fairy-tale love story about a bear who has been transformed into a man by a wizard, and must be kissed by a princess to return to his original form. 2042:, with a budget of 8.5 million roubles, a running time of seven hours, and using thousands of extras. It was the first Russian film to receive an 1010:. In the book he draws attention to the funding challenges that follow nationalization of Soviet cinema. In 1925 all film organizations merged to form 5848: 5743: 5615: 5401: 787: 5753: 5670: 5563: 4526: 3185:, a comedy by Leonid Gaidai. A scientist's time travel machine ends up teleporting his tenement administrator into 16th century Russia and bringing 2482: 1792: 1158: 6461: 2219: 2090:

before launches, and has contributed many quotes to the Russian language such as 'The East is a delicate matter'. Its theme tune became a huge hit.

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was released to wide acclaim in 1925; the film was heavily fictionalized and also propagandistic, giving the party line about the virtues of the

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was twice given the title of "Best Animated Film of All Eras and Nations" by animation professionals from around the world, in 1984 and 2002.

416: 170: 5379: 5345: 5333: 5328: 5219: 4433: 4331: 1364:, a film about Russian revolutionaries and society during the Revolution and Civil War. Revolutionary history was developed in films such as 1214: 7151: 5915: 5683: 4598: 4583: 3181: 2951: 2752: 836: 824: 780: 575: 4001: 1761:. But compared to the four hundred to five hundred films produced every year by Hollywood, the Soviet film industry was practically dead. 99: 7566: 5795: 5461: 5408: 5396: 4519: 3793: 3528: 2567: 848: 844: 832: 745: 589: 4378: 2074:(1969) had a limited release inside the Soviet Union and wasn't seen abroad until years later, but has received critical acclaim since. 926:, a religious film completed during the last weeks of the Russian Empire but not yet exhibited. It appeared on Soviet screens in 1918. 71: 6928: 5843: 5838: 5558: 5506: 4507:Федоров А.В. Тысяча и один самый кассовый советский фильм: мнения кинокритиков и зрителей. М.: ОД «Информация для всех», 2023. 1270 с. 2802: 2502: 1996: 1839: 1210: 1140: 828: 820: 1133:

In the 1980s there was a diversification of subject matter. Touchy issues could now be discussed openly. The results were films like

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filmed versions of theatrical works and operas, feature-length event documentaries and travelogues, short films for children, and

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1930s, the USSR finally built an array of factories to supply the film industry with the nation's own technical resources.

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Beyond this, the government was principally able to fund only short, educational films, the most famous of which were the

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Even as the economy of the Soviet Union strengthened, film production continued to decrease. A resolution passed by the

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The 1960s and 1970s saw the creation of many films, many of which molded Soviet and post-Soviet culture. They include:

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A genre that emerged in the 1930s to consistent popular acclaim was the musical comedy, and a master of that form was

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Fedorov, A. Statistical data on the attendance of Soviet films: 1950-1990. Moscow: “Information for all”. 2023. 64 p.

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as a young student who comes to Moscow and finds himself involved in the misfortunes of his fellow apartment tenants.

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1950 postage stamp, marking 30 years of Soviet film. It quotes Stalin, who calls cinema "the greatest medium of mass

946:, the best known of these, lasted from 1922 to 1925 and had a propagandistic bent; Vertov used the series to promote 7118: 6211: 5991: 5964: 3552: 3449: 3437: 2810: 2174: 1657:. Based on the life of a martyred Red Army commander, the film was touted as a model of socialist realism, in that 1526: 1492: 983: 922: 45: 7571: 7494: 7273: 7186: 6760: 6056: 6029: 5932: 4558: 4174: 3468: 3324: 3193: 2871: 2825: 2398: 2173:

In the year of the 60th anniversary of the Soviet cinema (1979), on April 25, a decision of the Presidium of the

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passing year. Feature film projects would drag out for months or years and might be terminated at any point.

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the film industry was given a tax-free benefit and held a monopoly on all film-related exports and imports.

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for the Soviet Union because of its widespread popularity among the established citizenry of the new land.

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citizenship for spectators to embrace; and support for reigning policy decisions of the Communist Party.

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viewed film as the most important medium for educating the masses in the ways, means and successes of

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greenlighted, but in most cases, this did not amount to brazen censorship. As such, the directors

148: 7419: 7404: 7394: 7208: 7191: 7123: 7042: 6995: 6770: 6755: 6740: 6705: 6565: 6550: 6477: 6436: 6359: 6344: 6309: 6299: 6041: 6024: 5952: 5269: 5182: 5072: 5062: 4353: 4150: 3863: 3344: 3107: 2837: 2496: 2462:, a 1975 romantic drama directed by Emil Loteanu and loosely based on the stories of Maxim Gorky. 2324: 2244: 1901: 1639: 1598: 1448: 1394: 1294: 1285: 1264: 1057: 904: 643: 545: 7539: 3040:(in two films), a Soviet-East German-Czechoslovak-American co-production directed by Yuri Ozerov 1827:, an anti-Semitic, Nazi propaganda film. The censors also had trouble with a film adaptation of 4009: 2214: 1548: 1040:

or "Film Committee" established that same year published translations of important books about

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on an "operatic" film style that elegantly coordinated the musical score and the image track.

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is considered to be one of the best films of the 1950s (it also became the foundation of the

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Part II was completed in 1946 but was not released until 1958; 5 years after Stalin's death.

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did not officially come into existence until December 30, 1922), what had formerly been the

4491: 4471: 3520:, a 1973 Soviet twelve-part television miniseries, based on the novel of the same title by 1647:

decade, in terms of both official praise and genuine affection from the mass audience, was

7466: 7389: 7334: 7213: 7166: 7128: 6933: 6918: 6908: 6735: 6700: 6678: 6638: 6623: 6618: 6598: 6588: 6583: 6533: 6528: 6518: 6456: 6400: 6390: 6375: 6339: 6314: 6273: 6268: 6238: 6061: 5274: 5226: 5132: 4382: 3973: 3697: 3657: 3635: 3521: 3495: 3424: 3317: 3312: 3298: 3067: 3056: 2999: 2995: 2984: 2842: 2713: 2704: 2646: 2532: 2522: 2488: 2475: 2466: 2193: 2062: 1850: 1845: 1658: 1631: 1428: 1406: 1389: 876: 4511: 1909:

against the trophy films, it is clear to see they had quite an impact on Soviet society.

1318:

were devoted to the revolutionary struggle and the shaping of a new way of life, such as

2944:(in five films), a Soviet-Polish-East German-Italian-Yugoslav co-production directed by 1304:(1927). Other noteworthy silent films were films dealing with contemporary life such as 7499: 7489: 7456: 7409: 7324: 7218: 6898: 6866: 6861: 6750: 6668: 6658: 6643: 6633: 6501: 6446: 6415: 6081: 6009: 5289: 5279: 3818: 3748: 3702: 3692: 3558: 3225: 2846: 2794: 2745: 2729: 2681: 2593:, an epic historical drama made in 1966, loosely based on the life of the 15th-century 2537: 2189: 2121: 2099: 1774: 1649: 1507: 1466: 1360: 880: 872: 582: 1298:

to the screen in 1926. Pudovkin developed themes of revolutionary history in the film

1196: 855:, which was different from the one before or after the existence of the Soviet Union. 7560: 6876: 6688: 6653: 6034: 5942: 4154: 4092: 3853: 3828: 3763: 3717: 3707: 3392: 3237: 3174: 3143: 3051: 2898: 2769: 2693: 2614: 2598: 2563:, another historical drama film (in two parts) directed by Sergei Eisenstein in 1945. 2423: 2407: 2167: 2039: 1947: 1805: 1674: 1582: 1577: 1422: 893: 561: 2160:

was a respected genre, with many directors experimenting with animation techniques.

1974:

for Best Film from any Source along with many other awards. It was nominated for an

7544: 6683: 6628: 6613: 6227: 5825: 5646: 5040: 3978: 3833: 3808: 3788: 3645: 3610: 3501: 3484: 3442: 3287: 3264: 3013: 2968: 2709: 2594: 2515: 2443: 2363: 2268: 2260: 2231:, portrayed the harsher side of Soviet life. Notable films of this period include: 1609: 1511: 1411: 1381: 1305: 1237: 1183:

due to its depiction of a strong Russian leader defying an invading army of German

1145: 1062: 937: 868: 936:

Newsreels, as documentaries, were the other major form of earliest Soviet cinema.

1795:

of Germany and Eastern Europe in World War II. In the top secret minutes for the

1612:

based his soundtrack on an elegantly orchestrated array of industrial noises. In

1426:. The life of Russian society and everyday people were depicted in films such as 7530: 7484: 6693: 5688: 5650: 5642: 5264: 5248: 5162: 5104: 3886: 3871: 3758: 3753: 3687: 3625: 3189:

into the present. The two are identical in appearance and chaos promptly ensues.

3119: 3026: 2926: 2760:

into the present. The two are identical in appearance and chaos promptly ensues.

2697: 2630: 2610: 2434: 2427: 2411: 2339: 2288: 2227: 2205: 2086:", with old-fashioned stereotyping of central Asians. It is ritually watched by 2035: 1679: 1602:

directors made innovative use of sound once the technology became available. In

1515: 1471: 1454: 1289: 1242: 1041: 1033: 942: 900: 34: 4076: 2188:". It was then celebrated in the USSR each year on August 27, the day on which 1837:

historians have mainly relied on anecdotal evidence. The German musical comedy

1213:, which in 1926 became Sovkino. The world's first state-filmmaking school, the 5678: 4119: 3920: 3902: 3881: 3773: 3768: 3360: 2439: 2292:(1988), notable as one of the first Soviet films with sexually explicit scenes 2256:(1984), a Georgian film about a fictional dictator which was banned until 1987 1696: 1251: 1225: 1209:

Photography and Motion Picture Department, which was reorganized in 1923 into

1122: 976: 632: 17: 6710: 5898: 5893: 5715: 5608: 5438: 5099: 4168: 3891: 3743: 3304: 3018: 2720:. Inept smugglers try to recover diamonds which ended up with the wrong man. 2637: 2087: 1576:(1938) during the entire decade of the 1930s. His planned adaptation of the 1330: 884: 4443: 3556:, a black-and-white 1988 television film based on Mikhail Bulgakov's novel 1677:(1902–1975), in a series of crowd-pleasing musicals. Their pastoral comedy 4033:"George Lucas should think twice before venerating filmmaking in the USSR" 2500:, a 1978 romantic drama directed by Emil Loteanu based on Anton Chekhov's 1700:

story while also learning about the value of efficiency in the workplace.

5888: 5433: 5167: 5127: 4146: 2366:

about nuclear particle physics, Soviet physicists and their relationship.

2209: 2055: 1918: 1788: 1201: 1002: 912: 5780: 5284: 3813: 3803: 2391: 1922: 1867: 1818: 1012: 5009: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4106:

Belyakov, Victor (1995). "Russia's Last Tsar Nicholas II and Cinema".

1666:

was periodically re-released for subsequent generations of audiences.

4203:

Cinema and Soviet Society: From the Revolution to the Death of Stalin

3212: 3087: 2768:, a 1976 musical adaptation of the eponymous Ilf and Petrov novel by 2514:, a 1983 biographical drama by Emil Loteanu based on the life of the 2151: 2083: 1833:

because of the representation of the poor as a detriment to society.

996: 2212:

saw a loosening of the censorship of earlier eras. A genre known as

1410:. Also notable were biographical films about Vladimir Lenin such as 957: 3095:

The Crown of the Russian Empire, or Once Again the Elusive Avengers

2240:(1980) won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1981. 5703: 5581: 4492:

Sixty seconds of Ballad of a Soldier turned into a Russian lesson.

3536:

plays a no-nonsense cop trying to catch the deadly Black Cat gang.

2910: 2281: 1553: 1195: 956: 4485: 3996: 3994: 1087:(1949) were released. Other notable films from the 1940s include 5815: 5591: 4404:

The Most Important Art: Soviet and East European Film After 1945

6200: 6196: 5013: 4515: 4428:. Paris: Centre national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou. 4334:

Idols and Icons (Part II) A Survey of Russian and Soviet Cinema

5800: 5620: 4480: 4475: 4062:

When Was Soviet Cinema Born (in the Emergence of Film Culture)

28: 4133:

Miller, Jamie (January 2007). "The Purges of Soviet Cinema".

2555:, a 1938 historical drama film directed by Sergei Eisenstein. 2390:, a 1966 drama film directed by Andrei Konchalovsky set in a 4376:Победа ретро и шоу: почему новогодние кинопремьеры ушли с ТВ 3571: 3236:, a 1962 Soviet science fiction romance film based upon the 2248:(1982), a made-for-television comedy starring Oleg Menshikov 1510:. There were adaptations of literary classics, particularly 523: 1608:(1930), his documentary on coal mining and heavy industry, 1752:

by an end of almost all autonomy in the Soviet Union. The

3576:

Early personalities in the development of Soviet cinema:

1102:

In the late 1950s and early 1960s Soviet cinema produced

1547:

To implement central planning in cinema, the new entity

1055:

One of the most popular films released in the 1930s was

4486:

Russian Film Database, University of Innsbruck, Austria

4452:

Cinema in Revolution: the heroic era of the Soviet film

2708:, a 1969 comedy directed by Leonid Gaidai and starring 2454:, a 1974 musical drama directed by Andrei Konchalovsky. 896:

later also regarded cinema as of the prime importance.

2829:, a 1979 fantasy comedy by Mark Zakharov based on the 2438:, a 1972 romantic drama set in mid-nineteenth century 4244:(1933–1945) (Moscow, 1989), 45–46, quoted in Taylor, 2196:

the country's cinematic and photographic industries.

1328:

was noteworthy for the historical-revolutionary epic

2798:, a 1977 romantic comedy directed by Eldar Ryazanov. 1942:, directed at Mosfilm by the Georgian-born director 1358:

to their work. Among the most outstanding films was

7475: 7442: 7365: 7298: 7291: 7234: 7139: 7056: 6983: 6974: 6942: 6827: 6784: 6726: 6564: 6509: 6500: 6470: 6424: 6368: 6292: 6256: 6247: 6106: 6080: 6000: 5914: 5859: 5766: 5729: 5669: 5572: 5534: 5454: 5316: 5307: 5257: 5205: 5196: 5048: 4205:(London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd., 2001), 187–191. 2740:, a 1971 film by Leonid Gaidai based on the famous 1843:received mixed reviews according to this evidence. 1708:Immediately after the end of the Second World War, 1236:In the 1920s, the documentary film group headed by 59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 4077:"Censorship, Ideology, and Style in Soviet Cinema" 3962:List of highest-grossing films in the Soviet Union 3494:, an experimental 1929 silent documentary film by 3483:, an experimental 1929 silent documentary film by 3356:, a 1979 science-fiction drama by Andrei Tarkovsky 3340:, a 1972 science-fiction drama by Andrei Tarkovsky 3297:, an experimental 1929 silent documentary film by 3286:, an experimental 1929 silent documentary film by 3268:, a 1986 dystopian comedy/science fiction film by 2000:(1960), the first of the joint Soviet-German films 1566:drew from Ukrainian folk culture in such films as 4388:. Moscow. Retrieved 2021/01/21 (January 21, 2021) 4055: 4053: 2645:'s 1979 epic drama film in four parts, featuring 2575:, an adaptation of the Nobel Prize winning novel 2316:, and named the greatest film of all time at the 2225:(roughly "black stuff"), including films such as 2054:(1966) won various international awards, such as 5889:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 4406:. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 4108:Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television 3541:The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson 3308:, 1964 drama film directed by Mikhail Kalatozov. 2933:winner, based on the 1957 short story "Ivan" by 2280:(1987), about criminals being released from the 2066:(1968) has contributed a lot of humorous quotes. 4481:Russian Newsreels and Documentary Films Archive 4229:Film Propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany 1354:In the early 1930s, Russian filmmakers applied 1597:in Leningrad (present-day St. Petersburg) and 6212: 5025: 4527: 2680:, a 1966 crime comedy-drama film directed by 2264:(1985), a widely acclaimed World War II drama 1866:in 1986, saying that everyone in the city of 788: 483: 8: 3328:, a 1969 drama film written and directed by 3086:, one of the most popular Red Westerns (see 2486:, a 1977 adaptation of Anton Chekhov's play 2044:Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film 1622:, Eisenstein collaborated with the composer 1143:, and the allegorical science fiction movie 865:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 817:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 3544:, a series of television films directed by 2470:, a 1976 romantic comedy-drama directed by 851:which introduced a new view on the cinema, 811:includes films produced by the constituent 7295: 6980: 6506: 6253: 6219: 6205: 6197: 5920: 5313: 5202: 5032: 5018: 5010: 4994:Cinema of the Russian Empire (before 1917) 4534: 4520: 4512: 3075:The New Adventures of the Elusive Avengers 2728:, a 1971 kindergarten principal played by 1976:Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay 1254:'s historical-revolutionary films such as 867:(RSFSR) on November 7, 1917 (although the 795: 781: 501: 490: 476: 132: 4311:Recent Social Trends in Russia, 1960–1995 3197:, a comedy by Mark Zakharov based on the 2013:Operation Y and Shurik's Other Adventures 119:Learn how and when to remove this message 4309:Butenko, I. A.; Razlogov, K. E. (1997). 4002:"Lenin: Directives on the Film Business" 3923:– the main national film award in Russia 2971:about Soviet World War II fighter pilots 2909:, Grigory Chukhray's romantic war film, 2483:An Unfinished Piece for Mechanical Piano 1921:, writers, still considered the primary 1164:Examples created by censorship include: 3990: 3364:, a 1983 drama film by Andrei Tarkovsky 2312:, a 1925 silent drama film directed by 698: 649: 642: 588: 581: 574: 567: 560: 513: 464: 415: 373: 331: 289: 247: 205: 169: 162: 155: 135: 5058:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 4543:Cinema of the Soviet Union (1917–1991) 4231:(New York: I.B.Tauris, 1998), 212–214. 3139:A Man from the Boulevard des Capucines 2805:", a 1978 adventure television movie ( 2781:The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath! 2114:The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath! 3031:Nazi German occupation of Byelorussia 2625:, a 1973 historical drama film about 1217:, was established in Moscow in 1919. 7: 4402:Liehm, Mira; Liehm, Antonin (2021). 4189:"THE CINEMA OF STALINISM: 1930–1941" 4135:Studies in Russian and Soviet Cinema 3472:, a 1928 silent documentary film by 3379:, based on the byliny tales film by 3182:Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future 2964:Only "Old Men" Are Going into Battle 2753:Ivan Vasilievich: Back to the Future 1773:, the Minister of the Film Industry 1215:First State School of Cinematography 950:but also to experiment with cinema. 57:adding citations to reliable sources 4064:. Berghahn Books. pp. 119–122. 3794:Central Studio for Documentary Film 3529:The Meeting Place Cannot Be Changed 2272:(1986), allegorical science fiction 1853:wrote a contradicting viewpoint in 1605:Enthusiasm: The Symphony of Donbass 1181:German invasion of the Soviet Union 889:People's Commissariat for Education 869:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 3348:, a 1975 drama by Andrei Tarkovsky 1662:during its first run in 1934, and 546:Great October Socialist Revolution 25: 3532:, a 1979 miniseries set in 1945. 3435:, famous animated movie based on 3216:, a 1924 silent film directed by 2380:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic 1139:, which dealt with repression in 7538: 7524: 6181: 6180: 6168: 4614: 4081:Studies in Comparative Communism 4031:Bunch, Sonny (January 5, 2016). 3905: 3859:National Cinematheque of Ukraine 3316:, a 1967 drama film directed by 2790:being broadcast every Christmas. 2474:loosely inspired by the life of 2402:, a 1967 drama film directed by 2374:, a 1966 drama film directed by 2328:, a 1926 drama film directed by 2237:Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears 762: 147: 33: 4356:. Listverse. September 28, 2010 4354:"Top 15 Miniseries of all Time" 3432:The Mystery of the Third Planet 2803:D'Artagnan and Three Musketeers 1759:experimental stereoscopic films 1256:The Fall of the Romanov Dynasty 1061:. Immediately after the end of 44:needs additional citations for 2332:, and based on the 1906 novel 1970:Special Jury Prize as well as 863:Upon the establishment of the 1: 5721:Political abuse of psychiatry 5513:Congress of People's Deputies 4450:Schnitzer, Luda, et al., eds. 4426:Le cinéma russe et soviétique 4060:Ryabchikova, Natalie (2014). 2976:They Fought for Their Country 2661:Walking the Streets of Moscow 2459:Gypsies Are Found Near Heaven 2177:established a commemorative " 2005:Walking the Streets of Moscow 1683:(1938) was surpassed only by 813:republics of the Soviet Union 4999:Cinema of Russia (from 1992) 4240:M. Turovskaia et al. (eds), 4093:10.1016/0039-3592(84)90019-X 4075:Levaco, Ronald (1984–1985). 3969:History of Russian animation 2841:, a 1982 comedy directed by 2813:. This film is based on the 2422:, a 1970 film adaptation of 1521:The Childhood of Maxim Gorky 68:"Cinema of the Soviet Union" 5884:Academy of Medical Sciences 4169:Довженко Александр Петрович 3927:List of cinema of the world 3517:Seventeen Moments of Spring 3453:, fantasy film directed by 3421:The Adventures of Pinocchio 3407:, science fiction films by 2689:Kidnapping, Caucasian Style 2609:, a cinematic rendition of 2387:The Story of Asya Klyachina 2019:Kidnapping, Caucasian Style 1384:, and the Maxim trilogy by 1324:(1928). Ukrainian director 835:, and, to a lesser degree, 516:Culture of the Soviet Union 7588: 7567:Cinema of the Soviet Union 3824:South-Siberian Film Studio 3450:Mio in the Land of Faraway 3438:Alice: The Girl from Earth 3416:The Adventures of Buratino 2811:Georgy Yungvald-Khilkevich 2175:Supreme Soviet of the USSR 1907:anti-cosmopolitan campaign 1514:'s trilogy of films about 809:cinema of the Soviet Union 7518: 6234: 6162: 5923: 4989: 4621: 4612: 4549: 4381:January 28, 2021, at the 4175:Great Soviet Encyclopedia 4120:10.1080/01439689500260381 3469:Heroic Deed Among the Ice 3325:The Color of Pomegranates 3194:The Very Same Munchhausen 2959:'s novel of the same name 2826:The Very Same Munchhausen 2071:The Color of Pomegranates 1968:1960 Cannes Film Festival 1962:, directed at Mosfilm by 1952:1958 Cannes Film Festival 1754:Catalogue of Soviet Films 1301:The End of St. Petersburg 1110:BAFTA Award for Best Film 6442:Central African Republic 4313:. McGill-Queen's Press. 4242:Kino totalitarnoi epokhi 4178:, 1969–1978 (in Russian) 2952:The Dawns Here Are Quiet 2897:, a World War II drama, 2664:, a 1964 comedy film by 2350:, a 1930 silent film by 1653:(1934), directed by the 1192:Revolution and Civil War 1179:was censored before the 157:Russian Empire 1908–1917 6175:Soviet Union portal 3737:Soviet production units 3480:Man with a Movie Camera 3283:Man with a Movie Camera 3115:At Home Among Strangers 3083:White Sun of the Desert 2979:, an epic war drama by 2668:, starring 18-year-old 2578:And Quiet Flows the Don 2568:And Quiet Flows the Don 2526:, a 1984 adaptation of 2430:by Andrei Konchalovsky. 2277:The Cold Summer of 1953 2079:White Sun of the Desert 2016:(1965) and its sequel, 1933:Notable films include: 769:Soviet Union portal 7152:Bosnia and Herzegovina 6067:Stalinist architecture 5821:Science and technology 5731:Ideological repression 5659:Soviet Airborne Forces 5597:Destruction battalions 4342:on September 26, 2011. 3844:Dovzhenko Film Studios 3839:Sverdlovsk Film Studio 3784:Lithuanian Film Studio 3276:Art house/experimental 3226:novel of the same name 3134:by Vladimir Vajnshtok. 3023:psychological thriller 2994:, a 1977 war drama by 2815:novel of the same name 2742:novel of the same name 2428:play of the same title 2408:novel of the same name 1997:Five Days, Five Nights 1917:With the start of the 1840:The Woman of My Dreams 1812:general, the captured 1280:. Also noteworthy was 1205: 972: 849:Soviet Communist Party 528: 6462:São Tomé and Príncipe 5849:List of metro systems 5402:Collective leadership 3957:Lists of Soviet films 3849:Halychyna-Film Studio 3653:Later personalities: 3404:Teens in the Universe 3368: 3103:The Headless Horseman 2894:The Cranes Are Flying 2819:Alexandre Dumas, père 2787:It's a Wonderful Life 2649:'s famous soundtrack. 2516:titular ballet dancer 2359:Nine Days in One Year 2318:Brussels World's Fair 1939:The Cranes Are Flying 1745:Encounter at the Elbe 1727:Cossacks of the Kuban 1477:By the Bluest of Seas 1321:Don Diego and Pelagia 1311:The House on Trubnaya 1199: 1115:The Cranes Are Flying 1108:, which won the 1961 1084:Cossacks of the Kuban 960: 527: 164:Lists of Soviet films 6929:United Arab Emirates 5811:Net material product 5754:Censorship of images 5671:Political repression 5631:Soviet Border Troops 5564:First Deputy Premier 5148:1965 economic reform 5143:Soviet space program 4599:Production designers 4472:Soviet movies online 4332:"Hertenstein, Mike, 4147:10.1386/srsc.1.1.5_1 3937:Cinema of Azerbaijan 3455:Vladimir Grammatikov 3391:, Christmas tale by 3173:, Christmas tale by 3063:The Elusive Avengers 2931:Venice Film Festival 2921:, the debut film of 2886:(1956), directed by 2864:(1927), directed by 2725:Gentlemen of Fortune 2492:by Nikita Mikhalkov. 2284:after Stalin's death 2095:Gentlemen of Fortune 1946:in 1957. It won the 1766:Council of Ministers 1340:and the poetic film 1168:Sergei Eisenstein's 716:World Heritage Sites 53:improve this article 7478:& transnational 5879:Academy of Sciences 5694:Population transfer 5638:Soviet Armed Forces 5501:Congress of Soviets 5482:Presidium/Politburo 5446:Soviet anti-Zionism 5295:West Siberian Plain 5173:Revolutions of 1989 5110:Great Patriotic War 5095:New Economic Policy 4037:The Washington Post 3913:Soviet Union portal 3663:Andrei Konchalovsky 3641:Aleksandr Medvedkin 3596:Alexander Dovzhenko 3586:Grigori Aleksandrov 3158:An Ordinary Miracle 3131:Armed and Dangerous 3098:by Edmond Keosayan. 3078:by Edmond Keosayan. 2906:Ballad of a Soldier 2692:, a 1967 comedy by 2643:Andrei Konchalovsky 2528:Alexander Ostrovsky 2376:Andrei Konchalovsky 2352:Alexander Dovzhenko 2309:Battleship Potemkin 2192:signed a decree to 2082:(1970), a classic " 1959:Ballad of a Soldier 1896:Sun Valley Serenade 1884:The Thief of Bagdad 1878:His Butler's Sister 1671:Grigori Aleksandrov 1564:Alexander Dovzhenko 1542:New Economic Policy 1493:Minin and Pozharsky 1444:Grigori Aleksandrov 1401:The Return of Maxim 1326:Alexander Dovzhenko 1271:Battleship Potemkin 1105:Ballad of a Soldier 1048:, Rudolf Harms and 1029:Battleship Potemkin 968:Ballad of a Soldier 940:'s newsreel series 551:Great Patriotic War 466:Russian films 1992– 7330:Dominican Republic 5524:Military Collegium 5392:Capital punishment 5270:Caucasus Mountains 5183:Post-Soviet states 5063:Russian Revolution 4283:Quoted in Taylor, 3864:Odessa Film Studio 3567:Notable filmmakers 3108:Vladimir Vajnshtok 2935:Vladimir Bogomolov 2872:The Fall of Berlin 2838:The Pokrovsky Gate 2503:The Shooting Party 2497:A Hunting Accident 2245:The Pokrovsky Gate 1902:Vechernyaya Moskva 1640:continuity editing 1503:Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1442:. The comedies of 1395:The Youth of Maxim 1265:Yuri Zhelyabuzhsky 1206: 973: 905:Russian Revolution 859:Historical outline 529: 7554: 7553: 7438: 7437: 7287: 7286: 6970: 6969: 6496: 6495: 6194: 6193: 6158: 6157: 6150:Hammer and sickle 6092:and their groups 6090:Soviet dissidents 5869:Communist Academy 5786:Economic planning 5762: 5761: 5655:Soviet Air Forces 5574:Security services 5494:General Secretary 5477:Central Committee 5419:Political parties 5351:Brezhnev Doctrine 5346:Foreign relations 5303: 5302: 5244:Autonomous okrugs 5158:Soviet–Afghan War 5138:Sino-Soviet split 5080:Russian Civil War 5007: 5006: 4435:978-2-86425-026-5 4422:Passek, Jean-Loup 3952:Cinema of Ukraine 3942:Cinema of Belarus 3932:Cinema of Armenia 3877:Yalta Film Studio 3799:Gorky Film Studio 3733: 3732: 3673:Alexander Sokurov 3621:Vsevolod Pudovkin 3606:Grigori Kozintsev 3601:Sergei Eisenstein 3591:Sergei Bondarchuk 3581:Mikheil Chiaureli 3534:Vladimir Vysotsky 3474:Vasilyev brothers 3400:Moscow-Cassiopeia 3381:Aleksandr Ptushko 3242:Alexander Belyaev 3187:Ivan the Terrible 3025:film directed by 2981:Sergei Bondarchuk 2877:Mikheil Chiaureli 2807:Swashbuckler film 2765:The Twelve Chairs 2758:Ivan the Terrible 2737:The Twelve Chairs 2677:Beware of the Car 2583:Mikhail Sholokhov 2560:Ivan the Terrible 2451:A Lover's Romance 2371:The First Teacher 2362:, a 1962 film by 2330:Vsevolod Pudovkin 2314:Sergei Eisenstein 2179:Soviet Cinema Day 2032:Sergei Bondarchuk 1944:Mikhail Kalatozov 1927:Nikita Khrushchev 1739:Ivan the Terrible 1721:Ballad of Siberia 1655:Vasilyev brothers 1527:My Apprenticeship 1498:Vsevolod Pudovkin 1488:Sergei Eisenstein 1386:Grigori Kozintsev 1356:socialist realism 1282:Vsevolod Pudovkin 1222:Russian Civil War 1170:Ivan the Terrible 1096:Ivan the Terrible 1078:Ballad of Siberia 1024:Sergei Eisenstein 948:socialist realism 899:However, between 853:socialist realism 805: 804: 500: 499: 129: 128: 121: 103: 16:(Redirected from 7579: 7572:Cinema of Russia 7545:World portal 7543: 7542: 7529: 7528: 7527: 7476:Intercontinental 7296: 7119:Northern Ireland 6981: 6507: 6254: 6221: 6214: 6207: 6198: 6184: 6183: 6173: 6172: 6171: 5921: 5829: 5684:Collectivization 5429:Marxism–Leninism 5314: 5203: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5011: 4618: 4579:Cinematographers 4536: 4529: 4522: 4513: 4476:Russian Film Hub 4447: 4417: 4389: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4350: 4344: 4343: 4338:. Archived from 4328: 4322: 4307: 4301: 4294: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4268: 4262: 4255: 4249: 4238: 4232: 4227:Richard Taylor, 4225: 4219: 4212: 4206: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4179: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4103: 4097: 4096: 4087:(3–4): 173–185. 4072: 4066: 4065: 4057: 4048: 4047: 4045: 4043: 4028: 4022: 4021: 4019: 4017: 4012:on July 15, 2018 4008:. Archived from 3998: 3947:Cinema of Russia 3915: 3910: 3909: 3908: 3779:Riga Film Studio 3723:Sergei Parajanov 3713:Georgiy Daneliya 3678:Andrei Tarkovsky 3668:Nikita Mikhalkov 3631:Boris Shumyatsky 3616:Yakov Protazanov 3572: 3546:Igor Maslennikov 3441:books by writer 3419:, adaptation of 3409:Richard Viktorov 3369:Children's films 3330:Sergei Parajanov 3270:Georgiy Daneliya 3259:Andrei Tarkovsky 3218:Yakov Protazanov 3199:Baron Munchausen 3124:Nikita Mikhalkov 3006:Battle of Moscow 2923:Andrei Tarkovsky 2918:Ivan's Childhood 2888:Grigory Chukhray 2866:Yakov Protazanov 2831:Baron Munchausen 2670:Nikita Mikhalkov 2666:Georgiy Daneliya 2627:Grigori Rasputin 2573:Sergei Gerasimov 2552:Alexander Nevsky 2472:Nikita Mikhalkov 2404:Aleksandr Zarkhi 2223: 2204:The policies of 2187: 2154:or Red Western. 2148:Nikita Mikhalkov 2144:Sergei Parajanov 2140:Andrei Tarkovsky 2098:(1971) starring 1972:1961 BAFTA Award 1966:in 1959. It won 1964:Grigory Chukhray 1875:. Films such as 1864: 1733:Alexander Nevsky 1715:The Stone Flower 1636:Boris Shumyatsky 1624:Sergei Prokofiev 1620:Alexander Nevsky 1595:Alexander Shorin 1574:Alexander Nevsky 1483:Alexander Nevsky 1440:Sergei Gerasimov 1417:Lenin in October 1372:Sergei Yutkevich 1367:Golden Mountains 1316:Yakov Protazanov 1248:Forward, Soviet! 1226:agitation trains 1185:Teutonic Knights 1177:Alexander Nevsky 1090:Alexander Nevsky 1072:The Stone Flower 992: 963:Grigory Chukhray 909:Saint Petersburg 797: 790: 783: 767: 766: 765: 526: 518: 502: 492: 485: 478: 151: 140:the Soviet Union 133: 124: 117: 113: 110: 104: 102: 61: 37: 29: 21: 7587: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7578: 7577: 7576: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7550: 7537: 7531:Film portal 7525: 7523: 7514: 7477: 7471: 7434: 7361: 7283: 7230: 7187:North Macedonia 7135: 7052: 6966: 6938: 6823: 6780: 6722: 6560: 6492: 6466: 6420: 6364: 6288: 6243: 6239:National cinema 6230: 6225: 6195: 6190: 6169: 6167: 6154: 6102: 6076: 5996: 5910: 5855: 5827: 5801:Internet domain 5796:Five-year plans 5758: 5725: 5665: 5568: 5530: 5462:Communist Party 5450: 5409:Passport system 5299: 5275:European Russia 5253: 5192: 5133:Khrushchev Thaw 5112:(World War II) 5090:Creation treaty 5044: 5038: 5008: 5003: 4985: 4619: 4608: 4545: 4540: 4468: 4436: 4420: 4414: 4401: 4398: 4396:Further reading 4393: 4392: 4383:Wayback Machine 4373: 4369: 4359: 4357: 4352: 4351: 4347: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4308: 4304: 4295: 4291: 4285:Film Propaganda 4282: 4278: 4272:Film Propaganda 4269: 4265: 4256: 4252: 4246:Film Propaganda 4239: 4235: 4226: 4222: 4213: 4209: 4200: 4196: 4191:. Advameg, Inc. 4187: 4186: 4182: 4166: 4162: 4132: 4131: 4127: 4105: 4104: 4100: 4074: 4073: 4069: 4059: 4058: 4051: 4041: 4039: 4030: 4029: 4025: 4015: 4013: 4000: 3999: 3992: 3987: 3974:History of film 3911: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3896: 3739: 3734: 3698:Larisa Shepitko 3658:Tengiz Abuladze 3636:Leonid Trauberg 3569: 3522:Yulian Semyonov 3512: 3496:Mikhail Kaufman 3464: 3425:Leonid Nechayev 3371: 3318:Tengiz Abuladze 3299:Mikhail Kaufman 3278: 3238:eponymous novel 3222:Aleksey Tolstoy 3208: 3206:Science fiction 3153: 3068:Edmond Keosayan 3057:Samson Samsonov 3047: 3000:Boris Plotnikov 2996:Larisa Shepitko 2985:Vasily Shukshin 2883:The Forty-First 2861:The Forty-First 2856: 2843:Mikhail Kozakov 2809:), directed by 2714:Anatoli Papanov 2705:The Diamond Arm 2656: 2647:Eduard Artemyev 2547: 2545:Historical epic 2533:Without a Dowry 2523:A Cruel Romance 2476:Vera Kholodnaya 2467:A Slave of Love 2406:, based on the 2304: 2299: 2217: 2202: 2181: 2063:The Diamond Arm 2034:'s adaption of 1989: 1915: 1890:Waterloo Bridge 1873:Kultura i zhizn 1858: 1856:Druzhba Narodov 1851:Bulat Okudzhava 1846:Kultura i zhizn 1830:Of Mice and Men 1784: 1706: 1533:My Universities 1429:Seven Brave Men 1407:The Vyborg Side 1390:Leonid Trauberg 1352: 1314:. The films of 1234: 1194: 1159:death of Stalin 1155: 986: 984:Nikolai Lebedev 918:Soviet ideology 877:propaganda tool 861: 801: 763: 761: 754: 753: 746:National anthem 731: 730: 721: 720: 711: 710: 694: 693: 664: 663: 638: 637: 623: 622: 613: 612: 603: 602: 556: 555: 541: 540: 524: 514: 496: 457: 438: 396: 354: 312: 270: 228: 189: 141: 138: 125: 114: 108: 105: 62: 60: 50: 38: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7585: 7583: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7559: 7558: 7552: 7551: 7549: 7548: 7534: 7519: 7516: 7515: 7513: 7512: 7507: 7502: 7500:Kurdish cinema 7497: 7492: 7490:Balochi cinema 7487: 7481: 7479: 7473: 7472: 7470: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7448: 7446: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7407: 7402: 7397: 7392: 7387: 7382: 7377: 7371: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7360: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7316: 7315: 7304: 7302: 7293: 7289: 7288: 7285: 7284: 7282: 7281: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7265: 7264: 7254: 7249: 7244: 7238: 7236: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7228: 7227: 7226: 7221: 7211: 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5907: 5906: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5865: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5852: 5851: 5846: 5844:Rail transport 5841: 5839:Railway system 5831: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5772: 5770: 5764: 5763: 5760: 5759: 5757: 5756: 5751: 5746: 5741: 5735: 5733: 5727: 5726: 5724: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5712: 5711: 5701: 5696: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5675: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5662: 5661: 5635: 5634: 5633: 5628: 5618: 5613: 5612: 5611: 5601: 5600: 5599: 5589: 5584: 5578: 5576: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5566: 5561: 5559:Deputy Premier 5556: 5551: 5550: 5549: 5542:Heads of state 5538: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5528: 5527: 5526: 5516: 5510: 5507:Supreme Soviet 5504: 5498: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5484: 5474: 5469: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5451: 5449: 5448: 5443: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5424:State ideology 5421: 5416: 5411: 5406: 5405: 5404: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5383: 5382: 5372: 5371: 5370: 5360: 5355: 5354: 5353: 5343: 5338: 5337: 5336: 5331: 5320: 5318: 5311: 5305: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5298: 5297: 5292: 5290:Ural Mountains 5287: 5282: 5280:North Caucasus 5277: 5272: 5267: 5261: 5259: 5255: 5254: 5252: 5251: 5246: 5241: 5240: 5239: 5229: 5224: 5223: 5222: 5211: 5209: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5165: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5124: 5123: 5118: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5087: 5082: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5060: 5054: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5039: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5022: 5014: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4990: 4987: 4986: 4984: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4963: 4958: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4908: 4903: 4898: 4893: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4838: 4833: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4723: 4718: 4713: 4708: 4703: 4698: 4693: 4688: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4622: 4620: 4613: 4610: 4609: 4607: 4606: 4601: 4596: 4591: 4586: 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(1981). 4418: 4412: 4397: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4367: 4345: 4323: 4302: 4289: 4276: 4263: 4250: 4233: 4220: 4207: 4194: 4180: 4160: 4125: 4114:(4): 517–524. 4098: 4067: 4049: 4023: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3983: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3939: 3934: 3929: 3924: 3917: 3916: 3900: 3897: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3869: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3776: 3771: 3766: 3761: 3756: 3751: 3749:Azerbaijanfilm 3746: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3703:Eldar Ryazanov 3700: 3695: 3693:Shaken Aimanov 3690: 3685: 3683:Aleksei German 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3650: 3649: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3570: 3568: 3565: 3564: 3563: 3559:Heart of a Dog 3553:Heart of a Dog 3549: 3537: 3525: 3511: 3508: 3507: 3506: 3498: 3487: 3476: 3463: 3460: 3459: 3458: 3446: 3428: 3412: 3396: 3384: 3370: 3367: 3366: 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2009: 2001: 1988: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1955: 1914: 1911: 1797:CPSU Committee 1793:the occupation 1783: 1780: 1775:Ivan Bolshakov 1705: 1702: 1508:Igor Savchenko 1467:The Rich Bride 1351: 1348: 1233: 1230: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1173: 1154: 1151: 1050:Léon Moussinac 923:Father Sergius 881:Vladimir Lenin 873:Russian Empire 860: 857: 803: 802: 800: 799: 792: 785: 777: 774: 773: 772: 771: 756: 755: 752: 751: 750:Cultural icons 748: 743: 738: 732: 728: 727: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 712: 708: 707: 706: 703: 702: 696: 695: 692: 691: 686: 681: 676: 671: 665: 659: 658: 657: 654: 653: 647: 646: 640: 639: 636: 635: 630: 624: 620: 619: 618: 615: 614: 611: 610: 604: 598: 597: 596: 593: 592: 586: 585: 579: 578: 572: 571: 565: 564: 558: 557: 554: 553: 548: 542: 536: 535: 534: 531: 530: 520: 519: 511: 510: 498: 497: 495: 494: 487: 480: 472: 469: 468: 462: 461: 420: 419: 413: 412: 378: 377: 371: 370: 336: 335: 329: 328: 294: 293: 287: 286: 252: 251: 245: 244: 210: 209: 203: 202: 174: 173: 167: 166: 160: 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5420: 5417: 5415: 5412: 5410: 5407: 5403: 5400: 5399: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5378: 5377: 5376: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5365: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5352: 5349: 5348: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5335: 5332: 5330: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5322: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5312: 5310: 5306: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5266: 5263: 5262: 5260: 5256: 5250: 5247: 5245: 5242: 5238: 5235: 5234: 5233: 5230: 5228: 5225: 5221: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5195: 5189: 5186: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5164: 5161: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5122: 5121:The Holocaust 5119: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5111: 5108: 5106: 5103: 5101: 5098: 5096: 5093: 5091: 5088: 5086: 5083: 5081: 5078: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5064: 5061: 5059: 5056: 5055: 5053: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5035: 5030: 5028: 5023: 5021: 5016: 5015: 5012: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4988: 4982: 4979: 4977: 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4565: 4562: 4560: 4557: 4555: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4532: 4530: 4525: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4514: 4508: 4505: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4470: 4469: 4465: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4431: 4427: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4413:9780520361430 4409: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4384: 4380: 4377: 4371: 4368: 4360:September 28, 4355: 4349: 4346: 4341: 4337: 4335: 4327: 4324: 4320: 4319:0-7735-1610-7 4316: 4312: 4306: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4290: 4286: 4280: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4264: 4260: 4254: 4251: 4247: 4243: 4237: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4217: 4214:Peter Kenez, 4211: 4208: 4204: 4201:Peter Kenez, 4198: 4195: 4190: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4164: 4161: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4126: 4121: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4102: 4099: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4068: 4063: 4056: 4054: 4050: 4038: 4034: 4027: 4024: 4011: 4007: 4003: 3997: 3995: 3991: 3984: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3959: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3938: 3935: 3933: 3930: 3928: 3925: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3890: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3854:Kievnauchfilm 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3829:Soyuzmultfilm 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3775: 3772: 3770: 3767: 3765: 3762: 3760: 3757: 3755: 3752: 3750: 3747: 3745: 3742: 3741: 3736: 3729: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3718:Kira Muratova 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3708:Leonid Gaidai 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3566: 3561: 3560: 3555: 3554: 3550: 3547: 3543: 3542: 3538: 3535: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3518: 3514: 3513: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3499: 3497: 3493: 3492: 3488: 3486: 3482: 3481: 3477: 3475: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3465: 3461: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3434: 3433: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3417: 3413: 3410: 3406: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3393:Aleksandr Rou 3390: 3389: 3385: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3376:Ilya Muromets 3373: 3372: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3319: 3315: 3314: 3310: 3307: 3306: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3295: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3260: 3256: 3255: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3234: 3233:Amphibian Man 3230: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3179: 3176: 3175:Aleksandr Rou 3172: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3159: 3155: 3154: 3150: 3145: 3144:Alla Surikova 3141: 3140: 3136: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3109: 3105: 3104: 3100: 3097: 3096: 3092: 3089: 3085: 3084: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3058: 3054: 3053: 3052:Miles of Fire 3049: 3048: 3044: 3039: 3038: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2992: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2977: 2973: 2970: 2966: 2965: 2961: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2947: 2943: 2942: 2938: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2889: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2878: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2857: 2853: 2848: 2845:and starring 2844: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2832: 2828: 2827: 2823: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2783: 2782: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2770:Mark Zakharov 2767: 2766: 2762: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2722: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2702: 2699: 2695: 2694:Leonid Gaidai 2691: 2690: 2686: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2674: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2658: 2657: 2653: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2623: 2619: 2617:made in 1966. 2616: 2612: 2608: 2607: 2606:War and Peace 2603: 2600: 2599:Andrei Rublev 2596: 2592: 2591: 2590:Andrei Rublev 2587: 2584: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2571:(1957–58) by 2570: 2569: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2549: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2525: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2513: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2498: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2485: 2484: 2480: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2468: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2445: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2432: 2429: 2425: 2424:Anton Chekhov 2421: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2400: 2399:Anna Karenina 2396: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2384: 2381: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2348: 2344: 2341: 2337: 2336: 2331: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2305: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2270: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2234: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2224: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2207: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2169: 2168:Yuri Norstein 2165: 2164: 2163:Tale of Tales 2159: 2155: 2153: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2132: 2131: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2103: 2101: 2097: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2080: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2068: 2065: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2052: 2051:Andrei Rublev 2048: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2027:War and Peace 2024: 2021: 2020: 2015: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2006: 2002: 1999: 1998: 1994: 1993: 1992: 1986: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1912: 1910: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1898: 1897: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1885: 1880: 1879: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1826: 1825: 1821:" ideas from 1820: 1815: 1809: 1807: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1760: 1755: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1729: 1728: 1723: 1722: 1717: 1716: 1711: 1703: 1701: 1699: 1698: 1693: 1692: 1686: 1682: 1681: 1676: 1675:Lyubov Orlova 1672: 1667: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1644: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1627: 1625: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1600: 1596: 1591: 1587: 1585: 1584: 1583:Bezhin Meadow 1579: 1578:Ivan Turgenev 1575: 1571: 1570: 1565: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1550: 1545: 1543: 1537: 1535: 1534: 1529: 1528: 1523: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1484: 1479: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1425: 1424: 1423:Lenin in 1918 1419: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1397: 1396: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1349: 1347: 1345: 1344: 1339: 1338: 1333: 1332: 1327: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1313: 1312: 1307: 1303: 1302: 1297: 1296: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1278: 1273: 1272: 1266: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1246:and the film 1245: 1244: 1239: 1231: 1229: 1227: 1223: 1218: 1216: 1212: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1175:Eisenstein's 1174: 1171: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1162: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1148: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1137: 1131: 1129: 1128:bard movement 1125: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1092: 1091: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1060: 1059: 1053: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1021: 1019: 1015: 1014: 1009: 1005: 1004: 999: 998: 990: 985: 980: 978: 970: 969: 964: 959: 955: 951: 949: 945: 944: 939: 934: 932: 927: 925: 924: 919: 914: 910: 906: 902: 897: 895: 894:Joseph Stalin 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 858: 856: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 814: 810: 798: 793: 791: 786: 784: 779: 778: 776: 775: 770: 760: 759: 758: 757: 749: 747: 744: 742: 739: 737: 734: 733: 725: 724: 717: 714: 713: 705: 704: 701: 697: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 675: 672: 670: 667: 666: 662: 656: 655: 652: 648: 645: 641: 634: 631: 629: 626: 625: 617: 616: 609: 606: 605: 601: 595: 594: 591: 587: 584: 580: 577: 573: 570: 566: 563: 559: 552: 549: 547: 544: 543: 539: 533: 532: 522: 521: 517: 512: 508: 504: 503: 493: 488: 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5781:Central Bank 5699:Forced labor 5647:Spetsnaz GRU 5467:organisation 5375:Human rights 5324:Constitution 5207:Subdivisions 5085:Russian SFSR 5041:Soviet Union 4542: 4451: 4425: 4403: 4385: 4370: 4358:. 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Retrieved 4010:the original 4006:marxists.org 4005: 3979:World cinema 3868:Ukranimafilm 3834:Studio Ekran 3809:Lennauchfilm 3789:Moldova-Film 3764:Gruziya-Film 3727: 3652: 3646:Dziga Vertov 3611:Lev Kuleshov 3575: 3557: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3515: 3502:Anna: 6 - 18 3500: 3489: 3485:Dziga Vertov 3478: 3467: 3448: 3443:Kir Bulychov 3436: 3430: 3414: 3398: 3386: 3374: 3359: 3351: 3343: 3335: 3323: 3311: 3303: 3292: 3288:Dziga Vertov 3281: 3265:Kin-dza-dza! 3263: 3252: 3246: 3231: 3211: 3192: 3180: 3168: 3156: 3137: 3129: 3126:(his debut). 3113: 3101: 3093: 3081: 3073: 3061: 3050: 3045:Red Westerns 3035: 3014:Come and See 3012: 3004: 2989: 2974: 2969:musical film 2962: 2950: 2939: 2916: 2904: 2892: 2881: 2870: 2859: 2836: 2824: 2793: 2785: 2779: 2763: 2751: 2735: 2723: 2710:Yuri Nikulin 2703: 2698:ethnic humor 2687: 2675: 2659: 2636: 2629:directed by 2620: 2604: 2595:Russian icon 2588: 2576: 2566: 2558: 2550: 2531: 2521: 2511:Anna Pavlova 2509: 2501: 2495: 2487: 2481: 2465: 2457: 2449: 2444:Emil Loteanu 2433: 2417: 2397: 2385: 2369: 2364:Mikhail Romm 2357: 2345: 2333: 2323: 2307: 2287: 2275: 2269:Kin-dza-dza! 2267: 2261:Come and See 2259: 2251: 2243: 2235: 2226: 2213: 2203: 2172: 2161: 2156: 2136: 2128: 2120: 2112: 2104: 2093: 2077: 2069: 2061: 2049: 2025: 2017: 2011: 2003: 1995: 1990: 1957: 1937: 1932: 1916: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1872: 1854: 1844: 1838: 1835: 1829: 1823: 1810: 1802: 1785: 1782:Trophy films 1763: 1753: 1750: 1743: 1737: 1731: 1725: 1724:(1947), and 1719: 1713: 1710:color movies 1707: 1695: 1689: 1684: 1678: 1668: 1663: 1648: 1645: 1628: 1619: 1615:The Deserter 1613: 1610:Dziga Vertov 1603: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1573: 1567: 1562: 1558: 1546: 1538: 1531: 1525: 1519: 1512:Mark Donskoy 1501: 1491: 1481: 1475: 1465: 1459: 1453: 1447: 1433: 1427: 1421: 1415: 1412:Mikhail Romm 1405: 1399: 1393: 1382:Boris Barnet 1375: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1319: 1309: 1306:Boris Barnet 1299: 1293: 1275: 1269: 1260: 1255: 1247: 1241: 1238:Dziga Vertov 1235: 1219: 1207: 1176: 1169: 1163: 1156: 1146:Kin-dza-dza! 1144: 1134: 1132: 1121: 1120: 1113: 1103: 1101: 1094: 1088: 1082: 1081:(1947), and 1076: 1070: 1067:color movies 1063:World War II 1056: 1054: 1037: 1027: 1022: 1017: 1011: 1007: 1001: 995: 981: 974: 966: 952: 941: 938:Dziga Vertov 935: 928: 921: 898: 862: 808: 806: 741:Coat of arms 678: 628:Architecture 136: 130: 115: 106: 96: 89: 82: 75: 63: 51:Please help 46:verification 43: 26: 7495:Middle East 7462:New Zealand 7355:Puerto Rico 7279:Switzerland 7274:Netherlands 6794:Afghanistan 6761:Philippines 6335:South Sudan 6042:Phraseology 5987:Prohibition 5975:Linguistics 5960:Drug policy 5953:1989 census 5874:Cybernetics 5776:Agriculture 5689:Great Purge 5651:Soviet Navy 5643:Soviet Army 5515:(1989–1991) 5509:(1938–1991) 5503:(1922–1936) 5487:Secretariat 5358:Gun control 5265:Caspian Sea 5249:Closed city 5178:Dissolution 5163:Perestroika 5105:Great Purge 4554:Films (A–Z) 4374:gazeta.ru. 4141:(1): 5–26. 3887:Turkmenfilm 3872:Ukrtelefilm 3759:Tallinnfilm 3754:Belarusfilm 3688:Elem Klimov 3626:Ivan Pyryev 3462:Documentary 3120:Red Western 3027:Elem Klimov 2998:, starring 2983:, starring 2955:, based on 2946:Yuri Ozerov 2927:Golden Lion 2696:. A lot of 2631:Elem Klimov 2419:Uncle Vanya 2412:Leo Tolstoy 2378:set in the 2340:Maxim Gorky 2289:Little Vera 2228:Little Vera 2218: [ 2206:perestroika 2194:nationalise 2182: [ 1859: [ 1680:Volga-Volga 1599:Pavel Tager 1516:Maxim Gorky 1472:Ivan Pyryev 1464:as well as 1455:Volga-Volga 1290:Maxim Gorky 1243:Kino-Pravda 1220:During the 1046:Béla Balázs 1042:film theory 1038:kinokomitet 1034:proletariat 987: [ 961:Still from 943:Kino-Pravda 901:World War I 7561:Categories 7485:Arab World 7320:Costa Rica 7269:Luxembourg 7202:Yugoslavia 7182:Montenegro 6842:Azerbaijan 6819:Uzbekistan 6809:Tajikistan 6804:Kyrgyzstan 6799:Kazakhstan 6674:Rajasthani 6574:Bangladesh 6386:Cape Verde 6320:Madagascar 6082:Opposition 6072:Television 6052:Propaganda 6025:Literature 5899:Naukograds 5894:Sharashkas 5828:(currency) 5806:Inventions 5749:Censorship 5679:Red Terror 5363:Government 5237:Autonomous 5220:Autonomous 5153:Stagnation 5116:Evacuation 4460:0436443708 4300:, 192–193. 4261:, 191–192. 4218:, 191–192. 3985:References 3921:Nika Award 3882:Tadjikfilm 3774:Kyrgyzfilm 3769:Kazakhfilm 3388:Jack Frost 3361:Nostalghia 3170:Jack Frost 3163:its remake 3118:, another 3037:Stalingrad 3029:about the 2991:The Ascent 2941:Liberation 2899:Palme d'Or 2440:Bessarabia 2253:Repentance 2166:(1979) by 2088:cosmonauts 2030:(1966–67) 1948:Palme d'Or 1814:Nazi films 1697:Cinderella 1435:Komsomolsk 1286:adaptation 1252:Esfir Shub 1157:After the 1153:Censorship 1136:Repentance 1123:The Height 977:capitalism 825:Azerbaijan 689:Propaganda 684:Censorship 674:Television 644:Literature 576:Traditions 109:April 2018 79:newspapers 7452:Australia 7430:Venezuela 7375:Argentina 7219:Catalonia 7099:Lithuania 6904:Palestine 6766:Singapore 6746:Indonesia 6718:Sri Lanka 6711:Lollywood 6649:Malayalam 6524:Hong Kong 6325:Mauritius 6143:Republics 6131:Republics 6119:Republics 5970:Languages 5834:Transport 5716:Holodomor 5609:Militsiya 5547:President 5439:Stalinism 5341:Elections 5215:Republics 5198:Geography 5188:Nostalgia 5100:Stalinism 4631:1917–1921 4589:Directors 4584:Composers 4564:Festivals 4559:Animation 4386:gazeta.ru 4155:144576497 4042:April 21, 3892:Uzbekfilm 3744:Armenfilm 3491:In Spring 3305:I Am Cuba 3294:In Spring 3220:based on 3019:war drama 2854:War films 2772:starring 2638:Siberiade 2215:chernukha 2158:Animation 1987:1960s–70s 1771:Politburo 1549:Soyuzkino 1377:Outskirts 1331:Zvenigora 1261:Hydropeat 1202:agitation 885:communism 837:Lithuania 709:Monuments 590:Festivals 569:Languages 417:1980–1991 171:1917–1929 137:Cinema of 7420:Suriname 7405:Paraguay 7395:Colombia 7292:Americas 7209:Slovenia 7192:Portugal 7140:Southern 7124:Scotland 7057:Northern 7043:Slovakia 6996:Bulgaria 6943:Northern 6771:Thailand 6756:Malaysia 6741:Cambodia 6706:Pakistan 6679:Sanskrit 6639:Kashmiri 6624:Haryanvi 6619:Gujarati 6599:Bhojpuri 6589:Assamese 6566:Southern 6551:Mongolia 6478:Botswana 6471:Southern 6452:Congo DR 6437:Cameroon 6360:Zimbabwe 6345:Tanzania 6310:Ethiopia 6300:Djibouti 6257:Northern 6186:Category 5739:Religion 5626:Chairmen 5472:Congress 5434:Leninism 5414:Propiska 5309:Politics 5168:Glasnost 5128:Cold War 5068:February 4379:Archived 4270:Taylor, 3899:See also 3313:The Plea 3201:stories. 3122:film by 2967:, a war 2833:stories. 2597:painter 2530:'s play 2489:Platonov 2435:Lăutarii 2210:glasnost 2056:FIPRESCI 1919:Cold War 1824:Jud Suss 1789:Red Army 1718:(1946), 1712:such as 1659:Chapayev 1446:such as 1075:(1946), 1069:such as 1016:. Under 1003:Izvestia 982:In 1924 913:Red Army 903:and the 845:Moldavia 600:Religion 507:a series 505:Part of 7444:Oceania 7425:Uruguay 7414:Iquitos 7400:Ecuador 7380:Bolivia 7340:Jamaica 7257:Germany 7247:Belgium 7242:Austria 7235:Western 7224:Galicia 7157:Croatia 7147:Albania 7089:Ireland 7084:Iceland 7079:Finland 7069:Estonia 7064:Denmark 7048:Ukraine 7021:Romania 7011:Moldova 7006:Hungary 6991:Belarus 6984:Eastern 6894:Lebanon 6857:Georgia 6847:Bahrain 6837:Armenia 6829:Western 6786:Central 6776:Vietnam 6669:Punjabi 6659:Marathi 6644:Konkani 6634:Kannada 6609:Deccani 6594:Bengali 6511:Eastern 6483:Namibia 6425:Central 6411:Senegal 6406:Nigeria 6396:Liberia 6369:Western 6330:Somalia 6305:Eritrea 6293:Eastern 6284:Tunisia 6279:Morocco 6264:Algeria 6107:Symbols 6020:Fashion 6002:Culture 5916:Society 5861:Science 5826:Rouble 5768:Economy 5744:Science 5554:Premier 5535:Offices 5397:Leaders 5317:General 5285:Siberia 5258:Regions 5232:Oblasts 5073:October 5050:History 4594:Editors 4569:Studios 4444:8765654 4296:Kenez, 4257:Kenez, 4172:in the 3814:Mosfilm 3804:Lenfilm 3353:Stalker 3337:Solaris 3254:Stalker 3248:Solaris 3151:Fantasy 2611:Tolstoy 2392:kolkhoz 2152:Eastern 2130:Stalker 2106:Solaris 2084:Eastern 2036:Tolstoy 1950:at the 1923:auteurs 1868:Tbilisi 1819:Zionist 1806:roubles 1685:Chapaev 1664:Chapaev 1650:Chapaev 1361:Chapaev 1337:Arsenal 1277:October 1211:Goskino 1141:Georgia 1018:Sovkino 1013:Sovkino 841:Belarus 833:Ukraine 829:Georgia 821:Armenia 819:, were 729:Symbols 583:Cuisine 538:History 93:scholar 7385:Brazil 7345:Mexico 7313:Quebec 7308:Canada 7252:France 7197:Serbia 7172:Kosovo 7162:Greece 7109:Sweden 7104:Norway 7094:Latvia 7026:Russia 7016:Poland 6976:Europe 6950:Russia 6924:Turkey 6889:Kuwait 6884:Jordan 6877:Jewish 6872:Israel 6852:Cyprus 6689:Telugu 6654:Meitei 6579:Bhutan 6556:Taiwan 6432:Angola 6355:Zambia 6350:Uganda 6249:Africa 6126:Emblem 6114:Anthem 6062:Sports 6015:Cinema 6010:Ballet 5992:Racism 5965:Family 5455:Bodies 5043:topics 4574:Actors 4458: 4442: 4432: 4410: 4317: 4298:Cinema 4287:, 212. 4274:, 213. 4259:Cinema 4248:, 238. 4216:Cinema 4153: 3728: 3345:Mirror 3213:Aelita 3088:Ostern 2925:. 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