251:
36:
159:
274:(machinery, textiles, cars and petrochemicals). It also drove an enormous expansion in refining, petrochemicals, chemicals and engineering. To help achieve the rapid development, there was massive government investment through key state-owned companies like the national industrial conglomerate
199:
crises that disrupted the industrialised world although several scholars have argued that "liabilities accumulated during years of frenzied pursuit of economic development" were in fact to blame for the slow economic growth of the late 1970s.
328:) of the Spanish Miracle. From 1958 to 1972, it grew at a yearly compound rate of 21.7%. In 1946, there were only 72,000 private cars in Spain, but in 1966, there were over 1 million. That growth rate had no equal in the world. The
80:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
190:
averaged a 6.5 percent growth rate per year, and was itself part of a much longer period of an above average GDP growth rate from 1951 to 2007. The economic boom came to an end with the 1970s international
238:
and implemented "development plans" which saw the liberalization of trade and the rapid growth of industry. From 1960 to 1975, Spain enjoyed the second highest growth rate in the world, behind only
66:
572:
90:
452:
De la Torre, Joseba; García-Zúñiga, Mario (2014). "Was it a
Spanish Miracle? Development Plans and Regional Industrialization, 1950–1975". In Grabas, Christian; Nützenadel, Alexander (eds.).
340:
car, produced by the
Spanish state company SEAT. More than 794,000 of them were made between 1957 and 1973. At the beginning of that period, it was the first car for many Spanish
565:
838:
497:
558:
182:) refers to a period of exceptionally rapid development and growth across all major areas of economic activity in Spain during the latter part of the
593:
524:
100:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
471:
263:
436:
421:
406:
828:
803:
798:
793:
747:
108:
363:
275:
538:
702:
250:
121:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Spanish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
48:
226:, put in place new policies for the economic development of Spain. The "technocrats", many of whom were members of
219:
631:
486:
Jensen, Geoffrey. "Franco: Soldier, Commander, Dictator". Washington D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc., 2005. p. 110-111.
373:
353:
239:
833:
646:
626:
606:
368:
116:
823:
818:
813:
808:
692:
85:
616:
306:. Although there was economic liberalisation in the period, key enterprises remained under state control.
294:. With heavy protection from foreign competition in the domestic Spanish market, those companies led the
765:
137:
151:
This article is about an economic boom from 1959 to 1974. For more recent economic developments, see
130:
772:
742:
732:
727:
707:
315:
192:
218:
of 1936-1939, the "economic miracle" was initiated by the reforms promoted by a group of economic
388:
209:
682:
666:
641:
621:
611:
601:
502:
467:
455:
Industrial Policy in Europe after 1945: Wealth, Power and
Economic Development in the Cold War
295:
215:
112:
687:
581:
459:
358:
223:
175:
152:
636:
183:
163:
661:
453:
787:
585:
550:
341:
329:
267:
158:
722:
717:
712:
697:
656:
344:
families. However, at the end of the period, it was the second car for many more.
737:
298:
of the country, restoring the prosperity of industrial areas like
Barcelona and
196:
439:
Spanish economic growth in the long run: What historical national accounts show
424:
Spanish economic growth in the long run: What historical national accounts show
409:
Spanish economic growth in the long run: What historical national accounts show
17:
755:
271:
231:
287:
463:
337:
291:
283:
255:
227:
235:
119:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
378:
303:
299:
262:
The rapid economic expansion reinvigorated old industrial areas: the
249:
157:
270:
northern coast (iron and steel, shipbuilding), and in and around
498:"Before China's Transformation, There Was The "Spanish Miracle""
383:
279:
77:
554:
187:
29:
242:, and grew to become the ninth largest economy in the world.
539:"Barreiros Diesel y el desarrolo de la automoción en España"
230:, were a new breed of politician that had replaced the old
89:
to this template: there are already 954 articles in the
302:
and creating new industrial areas, most notably around
214:
After a very slow recovery from the devastation of the
73:
69:
a machine-translated version of the
Spanish article.
675:
592:
166:, built in 1957, heralded the "Spanish Miracle".
115:accompanying your translation by providing an
60:Click for important translation instructions.
47:expand this article with text translated from
566:
319:
8:
127:{{Translated|es|Milagro económico español}}
573:
559:
551:
458:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 162–183.
254:A monument in Fuengirola, Spain for the
523:Fernández, Fernando (14 November 2008)
399:
94:
282:in Barcelona, the big steel plant of
7:
234:guard. They abandoned a policy of
25:
525:El coche como símbolo del declive
258:, a symbol of the Spanish miracle
839:Post–World War II economic booms
34:
27:Economic boom in Spain 1959-1974
437:Leandro Prados de la Escosura:
422:Leandro Prados de la Escosura:
407:Leandro Prados de la Escosura:
364:Instituto Nacional de Industria
276:Instituto Nacional de Industria
278:, the mass market car company
125:You may also add the template
1:
318:was one of the most powerful
496:Reuter, Tim (May 19, 2014).
97:will aid in categorization.
855:
207:
150:
72:Machine translation, like
829:Economic history of Spain
804:1970s in economic history
799:1960s in economic history
794:1950s in economic history
374:Japanese economic miracle
354:Economic history of Spain
222:who, with the backing of
186:, 1959 to 1974, in which
49:the corresponding article
369:Italian economic miracle
136:For more guidance, see
320:
292:Empresa Nacional Bazán
259:
179:
167:
752:United Arab Emirates
464:10.1057/9781137329905
253:
161:
138:Knowledge:Translation
109:copyright attribution
290:and the shipbuilder
316:automotive industry
310:Automotive industry
536:J.L. García Ruiz,
389:Spain under Franco
260:
210:Stabilization Plan
204:Initiation of boom
180:el milagro español
168:
117:interlanguage link
781:
780:
594:Post-World War II
473:978-1-137-32990-5
296:industrialisation
246:Industrialization
149:
148:
61:
57:
16:(Redirected from
846:
582:Economic miracle
575:
568:
561:
552:
546:
545:
543:
534:
528:
521:
515:
514:
512:
510:
493:
487:
484:
478:
477:
449:
443:
434:
428:
419:
413:
404:
359:Economic miracle
323:
224:Francisco Franco
184:Francoist regime
153:Economy of Spain
128:
122:
96:
95:|topic=
93:, and specifying
78:Google Translate
59:
56:(September 2022)
55:
38:
37:
30:
21:
854:
853:
849:
848:
847:
845:
844:
843:
834:Francoist Spain
784:
783:
782:
777:
671:
588:
579:
549:
541:
537:
535:
531:
522:
518:
508:
506:
495:
494:
490:
485:
481:
474:
451:
450:
446:
435:
431:
420:
416:
405:
401:
397:
350:
312:
248:
212:
206:
172:Spanish miracle
164:Torre de Madrid
156:
145:
144:
143:
126:
120:
62:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Spanish Miracle
15:
12:
11:
5:
852:
850:
842:
841:
836:
831:
826:
824:Economic booms
821:
819:1970s in Spain
816:
814:1960s in Spain
811:
809:1950s in Spain
806:
801:
796:
786:
785:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
769:
768:
762:United States
760:
759:
758:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
679:
677:
673:
672:
670:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
598:
596:
590:
589:
580:
578:
577:
570:
563:
555:
548:
547:
529:
516:
488:
479:
472:
444:
429:
414:
398:
396:
393:
392:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
349:
346:
311:
308:
264:Basque Country
247:
244:
208:Main article:
205:
202:
147:
146:
142:
141:
134:
123:
101:
98:
86:adding a topic
81:
70:
63:
44:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
851:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
789:
774:
771:
767:
766:Massachusetts
764:
763:
761:
757:
754:
753:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
678:
674:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
599:
597:
595:
591:
587:
586:tiger economy
583:
576:
571:
569:
564:
562:
557:
556:
553:
540:
533:
530:
526:
520:
517:
505:
504:
499:
492:
489:
483:
480:
475:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
448:
445:
442:
440:
433:
430:
427:
425:
418:
415:
412:
410:
403:
400:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
345:
343:
342:working-class
339:
335:
331:
327:
322:
317:
309:
307:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
257:
252:
245:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
220:"technocrats"
217:
211:
203:
201:
198:
194:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
165:
160:
154:
139:
135:
132:
124:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
99:
92:
91:main category
88:
87:
82:
79:
75:
71:
68:
65:
64:
58:
52:
50:
45:You can help
41:
32:
31:
19:
667:West Germany
651:
532:
527:ABC opinión.
519:
509:December 30,
507:. Retrieved
501:
491:
482:
454:
447:
438:
432:
423:
417:
408:
402:
333:
325:
313:
261:
213:
171:
169:
113:edit summary
104:
84:
54:
46:
733:Philippines
676:Later years
647:South Korea
326:locomotives
321:locomotoras
197:stagflation
788:Categories
395:References
334:desarrollo
162:The 142 m
51:in Spanish
723:Lithuania
708:Indonesia
642:Singapore
622:Hong Kong
272:Barcelona
232:Falangist
216:civil war
131:talk page
83:Consider
743:Thailand
738:Slovakia
728:Malaysia
348:See also
338:SEAT 600
336:was the
284:Ensidesa
256:SEAT 600
228:Opus Dei
107:provide
773:Vietnam
713:Ireland
698:Estonia
607:Belgium
602:Austria
332:of the
236:autarky
176:Spanish
129:to the
111:in the
53:.
748:Turkey
718:Latvia
683:Brazil
662:Taiwan
657:Sweden
637:Mexico
617:Greece
612:France
503:Forbes
470:
441:, 2016
426:, 2016
411:, 2016
379:Pegaso
304:Madrid
300:Bilbao
288:Avilés
268:Ferrol
756:Dubai
703:India
693:China
688:Chile
652:Spain
632:Japan
627:Italy
542:(PDF)
240:Japan
74:DeepL
584:and
511:2017
468:ISBN
384:SEAT
330:icon
314:The
280:SEAT
266:and
195:and
170:The
105:must
103:You
67:View
460:doi
286:in
193:oil
188:GDP
76:or
790::
500:.
466:.
178::
574:e
567:t
560:v
544:.
513:.
476:.
462::
324:(
174:(
155:.
140:.
133:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.