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In 1837, the
Congress of the Republic of Texas passed a joint resolution directing the Secretary of State provide an official Spanish translation of general laws, and the act of congress incorporating the City of San Antonio provided that public schools be erected that taught in English, later in
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664:
As of 2014, Vietnamese is the third most commonly spoken language, Chinese is the fourth most commonly spoken language, and Hindi is the fifth most commonly spoken language in the state. Tagalog is sixth place, and is mostly spoken in small
Filipino American communities in Houston.
178:
are strong minority languages due to several old communities hailing from their respective mother countries. French is most prevalent in
Northeastern Texas, near Louisiana, understandably while Southwestern Louisiana Creole language is spoken in Southeastern Texas
138:
In 1925, it was made a criminal offense to give instruction in
Spanish in Public schools, this law was amended in 1927 to allow Spanish instruction in Elementary schools located in counties bordering Mexico with at least one city of 5,000 population.
127:
In 1856, an act was passed allowed for legal proceedings in
Justice of the Peace courts in counties west of the Guadalupe River (excluding Nueces, Refugio and San Patricio) to be conducted solely in Spanish if the Judge and all parties spoke Spanish.
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filling out the top nine most spoken languages in Texas. Large numbers of non-native Texas residents are picking up some dialectal traits of
Southern English, while other linguistic traits are being subdued into a national homogenizing trend.
146:) is the language used for legislation, regulations, executive orders, treaties, education, federal court rulings, and all other official pronouncements; Spanish is also heavily spoken in Texas due to the large number of
338:
was the first
European language to be used in Texas, especially during the years when Texas was a province of Mexico and Spanish was the official language. Other early immigrants arriving directly from Europe such as
131:
In 1858, an act was passed requiring public schools teach primarily in
English.; In the same year the law requiring the translation of Texas criminal law was briefly extended to Norwegian for two years.
641:
proposed a bill that would require all state high school students to take at least two years of
Spanish; at that time actual state law stated that students could choose which foreign language to take.
389:
Contrary to popular belief, there is no exclusive Texan dialect of
American English. However, some linguists contest that there is a unique subset of Southern English spoken in Texas. According to the
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has been required since 1837 by joint resolution of the Congress of the Republic of Texas to provide Spanish translation of laws through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that
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Spanish has been an important language in Texas since the Spanish and Mexican periods. The Spanish dialects spoken by some Tejanos are becoming more influenced by
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is a dialect of the German language that is spoken by descendants of German immigrants who settled in the Texas Hill Country region in the mid-19th century.
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provide information on their website in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English, and the Secretary of State since January 1842
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359:) also brought their own languages, sometimes establishing separate towns where their native tongues became the dominant language.
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and foreign countries are causing a linguistic shift in Texas. Spanish speakers have risen to almost a third of the population;
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In 2003 larger numbers of Hispanics in Texas reported that they spoke only English. In August 2004, the community of
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244:/tɑ́iʃɑ̀ʔ/ “friend, ally”), were spoken in present-day Texas. A few of those languages were unique to Texas, with
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In 1846, the newly admitted State of Texas enacted legislation required that the laws of Texas be translated into
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54:. Prior to European colonization, several indigenous languages were spoken in what is now Texas, including
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626:. One remnant of 18th and 19th-century Texan Spanish could be found in the community of Moral, west of
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are classified as speaking the Southern dialect, which is the same dialect being spoken in north
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Malinkowa, Trudla. 2009. Shores of Hope: Wends of Overseas. Austin: Concordia University Press.
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Cope, Lida. 2016. Texas Czech Legacy Project: Documenting the past and Present for the Future.
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and French to become the third and fourth most spoken languages in Texas, respectively; with
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1127:"Introduction to American English, Department of Translation Studies, University of Tampere"
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In 1893, State law was passed requiring all public schools to teach exclusively in English.
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463:. The Gulf Southern dialect is spoken in most of Central, East, and North Texas with the
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1841 the Spanish Language law was suspended for one year until being reenacted in 1842
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Language shift speaks volumes More Texas Hispanics report English as their only tongue
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that are classified as speaking a Western or Southwestern dialect. According to the
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Since 2007 Texas has provided yearly academic tests in both Spanish and English.
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1088:"Do You Speak American . Sea to Shining Sea . American Varieties . Texan - PBS"
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1234:. 53rd year, No. 298. March 1, 1999. p.1. Retrieved on September 10, 2012.
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speaking the Midland South dialect, which is shared by those who live in
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105:, in establishing the Judiciary of Texas, provided that Court of Records
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593:
517: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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299:, which is still spoken near the border with Mexico. Additionally, the
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1204:. Publication of the American Dialect Society. Duke University Press.
444:, the same Southwestern dialect is spoken in South and West Texas and
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gave both English and Spanish official status in Texas. In 1836, the
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were also spoken in Northeast Texas before speakers were forced to
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Tombstone in Dallas. Facts in English, but Bible verse in German
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264:, all of which became extinct. Other language isolates such as
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486:
199:, and Czech are mainly spoken in Central Texas, mainly near
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State., Texas (Republic). Secretary of (25 November 2018).
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There were also several smaller language groups, including
240:, the language from which the state derives its name (i.e.
50:
recognized as a minority language from statehood until the
764:"Laws of the Republic of Texas, in two volumes. Volume 02"
1015:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 2018).
982:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
949:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
916:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
883:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
850:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
817:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
781:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
729:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
696:
Neilsen, Gammel, Hans Peter Mareus (25 November 1898).
812:
810:
1361:. September 3, 2014. Retrieved on September 22, 2014.
1253:. September 1, 2003. Retrieved on September 10, 2012.
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Bill would require students in Texas to learn Spanish
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had once an important presence in the state, as did
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2017:
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1264:Intercultural Communication: A Contextual Approach
1066:International Journal of the Sociology of Language
401:, while other studies claim that Texas is home to
154:and other local and foreign Spanish-speakers. The
311:in Polk County. In the 17th century, speakers of
1335:. July 7, 2014. Retrieved on September 22, 2014.
622:due to a large influx of recent immigrants from
1323:Cornyn aims to draw Vietnamese-Americans to GOP
2070:
1413:
1349:Cornyn seeks to lure Chinese Americans to GOP
1017:"The Laws of Texas, 1927 [Volume 25]"
8:
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1548:National Register of Historic Places Sites
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1154:languageline.com Languages Spoken in Texas
533:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Languages of the US state and its peoples
984:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 10"
630:, which historically spoke a variety of
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1173:
951:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 4"
918:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 4"
885:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 4"
852:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 2"
819:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 2"
783:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 1"
731:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 1"
698:"The Laws of Texas, 1822-1897 Volume 1"
674:
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653:, made Spanish its official language.
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142:Nevertheless, English (specifically,
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515:adding citations to reliable sources
1297:"Spanish TAKS test is a 'big step"
1202:The Life and Death of Texas German
397:virtually all native Texans speak
25:
1553:Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks
74:Texas currently does not have an
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491:
429:. Usually it is portions of far
409:and usually most of central and
279:Other Caddoan languages such as
502:needs additional citations for
103:Provisional Government of Texas
1181:"American Varieties: Southern"
248:documented elsewhere, such as
1:
1055:. Retrieved on June 27, 2010.
545:Recent immigrants from other
2268:Black American Sign Language
614:Spanish in the United States
405:of American English. All of
367:are varieties of German and
1543:National Historic Landmarks
1021:The Portal to Texas History
988:The Portal to Texas History
955:The Portal to Texas History
922:The Portal to Texas History
889:The Portal to Texas History
856:The Portal to Texas History
823:The Portal to Texas History
787:The Portal to Texas History
768:The Portal to Texas History
735:The Portal to Texas History
702:The Portal to Texas History
577:, from the Asad Beig tribe
97:In 1834, Degree No. 270 of
38:at home, while 28.8% spoke
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2097:indicate extinct languages
611:
395:University of Pennsylvania
382:
272:, sometimes grouped under
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2195:Southern American English
2092:
2034:
2027:List of counties in Texas
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399:Southern American English
234:Native American languages
224:Native American Languages
32:languages spoken in Texas
18:Spanish language in Texas
70:Official language status
42:at home. Throughout the
1358:The Dallas Morning News
1332:The Dallas Morning News
1278:on September 10, 2012.
1250:The Dallas Morning News
2263:American Sign Language
1200:Boas, Hans C. (2009).
307:has a few speakers in
220:
1231:The Victoria Advocate
683:"Explore Census Data"
439:University of Tampere
218:
2227:Afro-Seminole Creole
2104:Indigenous languages
1347:Railey, Kimberley. "
1321:Railey, Kimberley. "
1270:, November 6, 2008.
1106:"South Regional Map"
632:Sabine River Spanish
511:improve this article
289:relocate to Oklahoma
230:Spanish colonization
2183:Immigrant languages
1578:Tourist attractions
1303:. February 21, 2007
592:(several thousands
451:, extreme southern
195:). German, Polish,
156:Government of Texas
2316:Languages of Texas
2086:Languages of Texas
1682:Blackland Prairies
1262:Neuliep, James W.
1159:2006-03-22 at the
1110:www.ling.upenn.edu
651:U.S.-Mexico border
391:Phonological Atlas
331:European Languages
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1767:Rio Grande Valley
1301:Houston Chronicle
1274:. Retrieved from
1053:Texas Legislature
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76:official language
16:(Redirected from
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573:especially from
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144:American English
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365:Texas Silesian
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2200:Texan English
2198:
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2175:
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2158:
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2149:
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2137:
2135:
2134:Southern Tiwa
2132:
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2020:
2016:
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2009:Wichita Falls
2007:
2005:
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1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
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1982:
1980:
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1973:
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1970:New Braunfels
1967:
1964:
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1900:The Woodlands
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1757:Permian Basin
1755:
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1707:Cross Timbers
1705:
1703:
1702:Concho Valley
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1692:Central Texas
1690:
1688:
1687:Brazos Valley
1685:
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1049:Sec. 2054.001
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500:This section
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443:
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428:
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420:
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396:
392:
386:
385:Texan English
379:Texan English
378:
376:
374:
373:United States
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:(also called
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
330:
328:
326:
325:Pueblo Revolt
322:
318:
315:relocated to
314:
313:Southern Tiwa
310:
306:
302:
298:
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290:
286:
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69:
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61:
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49:
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37:
33:
19:
2287:
2217:Texas German
2171:
2164:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2128:Lipan Apache
2126:
2094:
2085:
2036:
2024:
2004:Wagner Creek
1807:Metropolitan
1777:South Plains
1747:Osage Plains
1727:Hill Country
1697:Coastal Bend
1639:Homelessness
1614:Demographics
1505:
1466:Architecture
1441:
1378:Texas portal
1356:
1330:
1317:
1305:. Retrieved
1291:
1276:Google Books
1263:
1258:
1248:
1239:
1229:
1220:
1201:
1195:
1184:
1135:. Retrieved
1131:the original
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1073:
1068:238:105-126.
1065:
1060:
1043:
1029:cite journal
1020:
1010:
996:cite journal
987:
977:
963:cite journal
954:
944:
930:cite journal
921:
911:
897:cite journal
888:
878:
864:cite journal
855:
845:
831:cite journal
822:
795:cite journal
786:
776:
767:
757:
743:cite journal
734:
724:
710:cite journal
701:
691:
677:
663:
655:
649:, along the
644:
636:
617:
602:Texas German
587:
544:
529:
520:
509:Please help
504:verification
501:
388:
361:Texas German
334:
323:, after the
297:Lipan Apache
278:
246:no relatives
241:
227:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
115:
111:
106:
96:
73:
31:
29:
2212:Texas Czech
1966:San Antonio
1850:Brownsville
1845:Port Arthur
1792:Trans-Pecos
1782:South Texas
1762:Piney Woods
1742:North Texas
1644:LGBT rights
1092:www.pbs.org
628:Nacogdoches
435:South Texas
423:Mississippi
411:north Texas
266:Coahuilteco
201:San Antonio
189:Port Arthur
66:languages.
64:Uto-Aztecan
2305:Categories
2247:Vietnamese
1961:San Angelo
1904:Sugar Land
1877:Fort Worth
1831:Round Rock
1797:West Texas
1712:East Texas
1677:Boca Chica
1667:Ark‑La‑Tex
1526:Newspapers
1521:Mass media
1516:Literature
1496:Healthcare
1491:Government
1284:1412967708
1137:2006-05-08
669:References
612:See also:
551:Vietnamese
547:US regions
461:New Mexico
449:California
433:and lower
431:West Texas
407:East Texas
309:Livingston
232:, several
2166:Karankawa
1984:Texarkana
1881:Arlington
1854:Harlingen
1752:Panhandle
1624:Education
1506:Languages
1486:Geography
1446:(capital)
1307:April 23,
647:El Cenizo
594:Moravians
523:July 2010
419:Tennessee
415:Louisiana
303:language
301:Muskogean
254:Karankawa
228:Prior to
92:Norwegian
2289:Category
2173:Cotoname
2122:Kickapoo
2117:Comanche
2019:Counties
1994:Victoria
1942:Edinburg
1928:Longview
1841:Beaumont
1822:Amarillo
1672:Big Bend
1649:Politics
1634:Gun laws
1629:Gambling
1599:Abortion
1157:Archived
637:In 1999
477:Nebraska
473:Missouri
446:southern
369:Silesian
293:Comanche
270:Cotoname
236:such as
185:Beaumont
152:Mexicans
2242:Tagalog
2237:Chinese
2207:Spanish
2160:Koasati
2154:Atakapa
2147:Tonkawa
2095:Italics
1979:Denison
1975:Sherman
1951:Midland
1946:Mission
1938:McAllen
1933:Lubbock
1914:Killeen
1896:Houston
1891:El Paso
1817:Abilene
1659:Regions
1619:Economy
1604:Culture
1592:Society
1563:Symbols
1501:History
1481:Cuisine
1471:Climate
1461:Outline
1353:Archive
1327:Archive
582:Tagalog
571:Kurdish
555:Chinese
457:Arizona
427:Alabama
393:of the
341:Germans
336:Spanish
321:El Paso
305:Koasati
281:Wichita
274:Pakawan
262:Aranama
258:Atakapa
250:Tonkawa
242:táysha’
211:History
197:Sorbian
181:Houston
148:Tejanos
122:Spanish
84:Spanish
80:English
60:Na-Dené
56:Caddoan
40:Spanish
36:English
30:Of the
2232:French
2140:Solano
1956:Odessa
1923:Laredo
1918:Temple
1873:Dallas
1827:Austin
1787:Texoma
1568:Texans
1558:Sports
1453:Topics
1443:Austin
1282:
1208:
624:Mexico
598:Polish
596:) and
590:Czechs
580:, and
567:Korean
559:German
469:Kansas
453:Nevada
351:, and
349:Czechs
285:Kitsai
260:, and
205:Austin
193:Orange
191:, and
176:Polish
174:, and
168:German
164:French
118:German
88:German
48:German
2112:Caddo
2025:See:
1989:Tyler
1863:Bryan
1809:areas
1609:Crime
1531:Radio
1433:Texas
1429:State
575:Abtaf
563:Hindi
442:atlas
357:Wends
353:Sorbs
345:Poles
319:near
238:Caddo
172:Czech
1999:Waco
1573:Time
1309:2021
1280:ISBN
1268:SAGE
1206:ISBN
1035:link
1002:link
969:link
936:link
903:link
870:link
837:link
801:link
749:link
716:link
553:and
459:and
363:and
283:and
268:and
203:and
90:and
62:and
1885:DFW
1511:Law
1431:of
1355:).
1351:" (
1329:).
1325:" (
1247:."
1228:."
1186:PBS
1165:PDF
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107:may
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1968:–
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1940:–
1916:–
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1906:(
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1883:(
1879:–
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803:)
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770:.
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737:.
718:)
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179:(
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