48:
448:. 'Nailing the flag' was a way to tell the enemy, allies, and indeed the ship's own crew and officers not to expect an easy surrender. As the hours passed Churruca, whose leg had been torn off by a cannonball, the deck of his ship covered by the blood of his wounded and dead seamen, continued to stubbornly order his ship's batteries to fire. Mortally wounded, the Basque-born Churruca prohibited his officers from surrendering and ordered them to continue returning fire whilst he remained breathing. His officers kept their word, even after Churruca died and command of the ship had been passed to the
478:
43:
132:
23:
411:
538:
and placed under the command of
Commander Thomas Vivion, who was the first flotilla commander, taking post in 1810. He was followed subsequently by Commander James Tillard who took command in 1812. There were a total of fourteen lieutenants under his command, each of whom took charge of one of the
374:
She was originally fitted with a total of 74 cannons: 28 24-pounders, 30 18-pounders, 8 12-pounders and 8 8-pounders, and was manned by 8 officers, 11 midshipmen, 19 leading seamen and 492 able seamen (530 total). Her supply capacity was for 60 days victuals and 80 days water.
452:, Francisco de Moyna, who continued the fight until he himself was killed. He was replaced by the next officer in command who also refused to surrender. However, unable to break the circle of fire formed by the six enemy ships, including
500:. In honour of Churruca's courage, the cabin he had occupied while alive bore his name on a brass plate, and all who entered it were required to remove their hats as a mark of respect for a gallant enemy. She initially served as a base
439:
was one of the last ships still fighting after most of the French ships had surrendered and most of the
Spanish ships had either been captured or had yielded. The commander, Don Cosme Churruca, had previously ordered for the flag to be
566:
with
Captain Gardiner Henry Guion acting as flag captain. Her final commission began in October 1814 when she reverted to her original role as a base hulk under the command of Lieutenant Charles M'Kenzie.
668:
47:
425:
The Battle of
Trafalgar is the historical feat in which she participated and of which we have the best account. In spite of being dismasted by
636:
621:
607:
430:
426:
366:
42:
593:
539:
gunboats in the flotilla. As the gunboats had little capacity for accommodation, the lieutenants were assigned to, and lived aboard
399:
477:
683:
395:
563:
203:
550:
acted as flagship to the admirals appointed as
Commander-in-Chief Gibraltar. In 1813 she was flagship to Rear Admiral
433:
and constituted for the
Spaniards a handsome example of the heroism of their nation and the bravery of their sailors.
470:, and in order to prevent the ship from sinking with all the wounded trapped below, the last officer left alive in
415:
300:
678:
513:
465:
555:
445:
673:
453:
441:
429:
artillery on 21 October 1805, she achieved glory in this battle under the command of the commander
320:
627:
Winfield, Rif; Tredrea, John M; García-Torralba Pérez, Enrique & Blasco Felip, Manuel (2023).
551:
459:
388:
652:
22:
632:
617:
603:
589:
449:
392:
297:
245:
192:
419:
312:
71:
520:
315:). She was a solidly built ship of proven seaworthy qualities. Captured by the British
629:
Spanish
Warships in the Age of Sail 1700—1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates
662:
559:
535:
304:
106:
492:
After
Trafalgar, the ship was taken into British service and briefly renamed HMS
509:
501:
346:
316:
189:
122:
572:
505:
410:
308:
281:
275:
110:
527:
311:). Like many 18th century Spanish warships she was named after a saint (
531:
508:
from 1805 to 1808 before being recommissioned in
September 1808 as a
384:
444:. At the time, it was commonplace for ships to signal surrender by
391:. Four years later, in 1797, she was part of a Spanish fleet under
476:
409:
383:
In 1793, she took part in the Anglo-Spanish occupation of
534:
based in
Gibraltar. For this task she was re-rated as a
474:yielded with over 400 dead and injured on board.
653:Historia del navío de línea San Juan Nepomuceno
614:British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793-1817
8:
562:. In 1814 she was flagship to Rear Admiral
274:Quarterdeck: 6 × 12-pdrs + 2 × 32-pounder
280:Forecastle: 2 × 12-pdrs + 2 × 32-pounder
398:that fought against the British at the
17:
669:Ships of the line of the Spanish Navy
631:. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing.
128:
40:
7:
303:in 1765 from the royal shipyard in
221:47 ft 4 in (14.43 m)
337:. The ship was discarded in 1816.
237:21 ft 3 in (6.48 m)
176:Paid off & sold 8 January 1816
14:
571:was finally paid off and sold at
482:Cosme Damián de Churruca y Elorza
271:Upper gun deck: 30 × 18-pounders
130:
46:
41:
21:
600:Frigates of the Napoleonic Wars
414:Death of Cosme de Churruca, by
586:Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy
1:
496:before adopting the name HMS
387:under the command of Admiral
323:, the ship was renamed first
564:Charles Elphinstone Fleeming
446:lowering their nation's flag
268:Lower deck: 28 × 24-pounders
265:Royal Navy service (70 guns)
700:
442:nailed to the highest mast
400:Battle of Cape St. Vincent
431:Don Cosme Damian Churruca
180:
35:
20:
157:Captured 22 October 1805
396:José de Córdoba y Ramos
229:146 ft (45 m)
213:181 ft (55 m)
181:General characteristics
558:John Fraser acting as
484:
422:
416:Eugenio Álvarez Dumont
341:Design and description
526:was fitted to act as
480:
413:
355:San Francisco de Asis
684:Napoleonic-era ships
575:on 8 January 1816.
472:San Juan Nepomuceno
437:San Juan Nepomuceno
406:Battle of Trafalgar
389:Don Juan de Lángara
321:Battle of Trafalgar
293:San Juan Nepomuceno
121:22 October 1805 by
62:San Juan Nepomuceno
29:San Juan Nepomuceno
552:Samuel Hood Linzee
488:Royal Navy service
485:
423:
638:978-1-5267-9078-1
622:978-1-84415-717-4
608:978-1-86176-292-4
598:Robert Gardiner,
584:John D. Harbron,
546:In later service
530:to a flotilla of
450:second-in-command
289:
288:
81:20 September 1763
691:
642:
427:Admiral Nelson's
393:Teniente General
298:ship of the line
246:Full-rigged ship
193:ship of the line
138:
135:
134:
133:
105:18 October 1766
53:
50:
45:
25:
18:
699:
698:
694:
693:
692:
690:
689:
688:
659:
658:
649:
639:
626:
581:
490:
420:Museo del Prado
408:
381:
379:Service history
343:
313:John of Nepomuk
136:
131:
129:
72:John of Nepomuk
51:
31:
12:
11:
5:
697:
695:
687:
686:
681:
679:Captured ships
676:
671:
661:
660:
657:
656:
648:
647:External links
645:
644:
643:
637:
624:
612:Rif Winfield,
610:
596:
580:
577:
521:Peninsular War
489:
486:
407:
404:
380:
377:
342:
339:
296:was a Spanish
287:
286:
285:
284:
278:
272:
269:
266:
261:
257:
256:
253:
249:
248:
243:
239:
238:
235:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
211:
207:
206:
200:
196:
195:
187:
183:
182:
178:
177:
174:
170:
169:
163:
159:
158:
155:
151:
150:
144:
140:
139:
137:United Kingdom
126:
125:
119:
115:
114:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
89:Juan Donesteve
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
59:
55:
54:
38:
37:
33:
32:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
696:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
666:
664:
654:
651:
650:
646:
640:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
595:
594:0-87021-695-3
591:
587:
583:
582:
578:
576:
574:
570:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
544:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
522:
517:
516:John Gourly.
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
487:
483:
479:
475:
473:
469:
468:
463:
462:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
432:
428:
421:
417:
412:
405:
403:
401:
397:
394:
390:
386:
378:
376:
372:
370:
369:
364:
363:Santo Domingo
360:
356:
352:
348:
340:
338:
336:
335:
329:
328:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
299:
295:
294:
283:
279:
277:
273:
270:
267:
264:
263:
262:
259:
258:
254:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
240:
236:
234:Depth of hold
233:
232:
228:
225:
224:
220:
217:
216:
212:
209:
208:
205:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
179:
175:
172:
171:
168:
164:
161:
160:
156:
153:
152:
149:
145:
142:
141:
127:
124:
120:
117:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:
100:
96:
93:
92:
88:
85:
84:
80:
77:
76:
73:
70:
67:
66:
63:
60:
57:
56:
49:
44:
39:
34:
30:
24:
19:
16:
655:(in Spanish)
628:
613:
599:
585:
579:Bibliography
568:
560:flag captain
547:
545:
540:
523:
518:
497:
493:
491:
481:
471:
466:
460:
454:
436:
435:
424:
382:
373:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
347:sister ships
344:
333:
331:
326:
324:
292:
291:
290:
199:Tons burthen
166:
147:
97:19 June 1765
61:
28:
15:
519:During the
510:prison ship
467:Dreadnought
368:San Agustín
359:San Lorenzo
351:San Pascual
319:during the
202:1,740 tons
674:1766 ships
663:Categories
317:Royal Navy
282:carronades
276:carronades
252:Complement
190:Third-rate
123:Royal Navy
573:Gibraltar
514:Commander
506:Gibraltar
309:Cantabria
242:Sail plan
111:Cantabria
94:Laid down
569:San Juan
548:San Juan
541:San Juan
532:gunboats
528:flagship
524:San Juan
498:San Juan
455:Defiance
334:San Juan
305:Guarnizo
301:launched
260:Armament
167:San Juan
154:Acquired
118:Captured
107:Guarnizo
102:Launched
68:Namesake
27:Replica
616:(2005)
602:(2000)
588:(1988)
556:Captain
494:Berwick
461:Tonnant
330:, then
327:Berwick
162:Renamed
148:Berwick
86:Builder
78:Ordered
36:History
635:
620:
606:
592:
512:under
385:Toulon
226:Height
210:Length
554:with
536:sloop
349:were
52:Spain
633:ISBN
618:ISBN
604:ISBN
590:ISBN
502:hulk
464:and
365:and
345:Her
332:HMS
325:HMS
218:Beam
186:Type
173:Fate
165:HMS
146:HMS
143:Name
58:Name
504:at
255:640
665::
543:.
458:,
418:,
402:.
371:.
361:,
357:,
353:,
204:bm
641:.
307:(
113:)
109:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
