475:
135:
113:
556:. While Ephippidae spadefishes are common in the western Atlantic from New England to southern Brazil, adult spadefishes are difficult to harvest commercially due to their size and preferred habitats of submerged spaces, despite consumer appeal for its nutrients and quality of flesh.
486:
Ephippidae spadefishes have deep, oval-shaped deep, laterally compressed bodies with a short head and small terminal mouth. There are bands of brush like teeth on the jaws but there are no teeth on the roof of the mouth. The
495:
which has 9 spines and between 21 and 28 soft rays, with the spiny portion of the fin being low. The front part of the soft part of the dorsal fin and the anal fin are elongated. The
1215:
1241:
606:
will not touch. Overgrowth of seaweed among corals occurs as a result of overfishing of large fish species and inhibits the ability of coral to support life.
1189:
806:
1228:
1057:
861:"Phylogenetic Revision of the Fish Families Luvaridae and Kushlukiidae (Acanthuroidei), with a New Genus and Two New Species of Eocene Luvarids"
1356:
678:
474:
917:
Trushenski, Jesse; Rombenso, Artur; Schwarz, Michael H.; Bowzer, John; Gause, Brian; Delbos, Brendan; Sampaio, Luis A. (January 2012).
545:
Ephippidae fishes are found throughout the warmer waters of the world but are absent from the central
Pacific. Ephippidae spadefishes (
335:
1313:
816:
1233:
1053:
515:
and the head, body and most of the fins are scaled. Young are frequently marked with black bars. The largest species is the
278:. Other authorities place this family alongside the Drepaneidae in the order Ephippiformes with the Moronidae classified as
956:
Trushenski, Jesse T.; Schwarz, Michael H.; Bowzer, John C.; Gause, Brian R.; Fenn, Teresa; Delbos, Brendan C. (July 2012).
1351:
757:
1150:
1137:
668:
322:
134:
1246:
466:
is classified within the
Ephippidae by some authorities, other authorities place it in the family Exellidae.
422:
241:. These fishes are found in the tropical and temperate oceans of the world, except for the central Pacific.
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529:
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811:
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674:
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958:"Temperature Affects Growth and Tissue Fatty Acid Composition of Juvenile Atlantic Spadefish"
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Ephippidae spadefishes eat algae, benthic and planktonic invertebrates such as
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998:
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653:
112:
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997:
Bellwood, David R.; Hughes, Terry P.; Hoey, Andrew S. (1 December 2006).
919:"Feeding Rate and Frequency Affect Growth of Juvenile Atlantic Spadefish"
787:
705:
Ricardo
Betancur-R; Edward O. Wiley; Gloria Arratia; et al. (2017).
684:
581:
496:
443:
344:
166:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
17:
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Richard van der Laan; William N. Eschmeyer & Ronald Fricke (2014).
595:
462:
100:
75:
1207:
758:"GENERA/SPECIES BY FAMILY/SUBFAMILY IN Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes"
565:
527:
of 91 cm (36 in) while the smallest is the threadfin scat (
394:
156:
1194:
1071:
288:. Other authorities classify all three families in the Moroniformes
1290:
473:
307:
Ephippidae contains the following genera, 8 extant and 3 extinct (
1075:
896:
Shorefishes of the
Greater Caribbean online information system
1181:
756:
Ron Fricke; William
Eschmeyer; and Jon David Fong (2020).
270:
590:
may play the role of a critical functional group in the
999:"Sleeping Functional Group Drives Coral-Reef Recovery"
667:
J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016).
308:
1084:
1038:
Batfish may come to the Great
Barrier Reef's rescue
805:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
499:has 3 spines and between 16 and 24 soft rays. The
859:Bannikov, Alexandre F.; Tyler, James C. (1995).
507:are long and are beneath the pectoral fins. The
491:has a finely serrated margin. There is a single
8:
707:"Phylogenetic classification of bony fishes"
552:are the only ephippid found in the western
1072:
773:
771:
111:
31:
1014:
973:
898:. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
865:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
732:
722:
673:(5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 495–497.
643:
511:is slightly concave, They have complete
1058:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
621:
619:
615:
886:
884:
882:
598:that other herbivorous fishes such as
968:(3) (published 2012-06-26): 338–346.
962:North American Journal of Aquaculture
923:North American Journal of Aquaculture
838:"Family Ephippidae (ray-finned fish)"
628:"Family-group names of Recent fishes"
313:
7:
1296:865687AC-8E0D-4462-FF0F-0B38FD2579B6
1257:f5a5b5b3-3cf7-4323-98dd-817eb9afb154
249:Ephippidae was first proposed as a
25:
892:"Family: EPHIPPIDAE, Spadefishes"
807:"Genera in the family Ephippidae"
533:) which has a maximum published
523:) which has a maximum published
234:fishes, the spadefishes, in the
133:
817:California Academy of Sciences
1:
762:Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes
537:of 15 cm (5.9 in).
1357:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker
975:10.1080/15222055.2012.676011
935:10.1080/15222055.2012.655853
1373:
1016:10.1016/j.cub.2006.10.030
724:10.1186/s12862-017-0958-3
645:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1
264:. The 5th edition of the
214:
209:
130:Scientific classification
128:
119:
110:
34:
873:10.5479/si.00810266.81.1
791:. February 2023 version.
781:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
711:BMC Evolutionary Biology
840:. Paleobiology Database
530:Rhinoprenes pentanemus
483:
480:Wakatobi National Park
478:Close up Spadefish at
1278:Paleobiology Database
803:Eschmeyer, William N.
477:
253:in 1859 by the Dutch
1352:Marine fish families
548:Chaetodipterus faber
521:Chaetodipterus faber
783:"Family Ephippidae"
670:Fishes of the World
293:Fishes of the World
267:Fishes of the World
592:Great Barrier Reef
517:Atlantic spadefish
503:are short and the
484:
1329:
1328:
1265:Open Tree of Life
1078:Taxon identifiers
1009:(24): 2434–2439.
812:Catalog of Fishes
680:978-1-118-34233-6
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683:. Archived from
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38:Temporal range:
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27:Family of fishes
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587:Platax pinnatus
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482:, Maya bay,2016
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470:Characteristics
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297:Acanthuriformes
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1047:External links
1045:
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929:(1): 107–112.
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779:Froese, Rainer
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748:
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638:(2): 001–230.
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584:. The batfish
561:
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554:Atlantic Ocean
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539:
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454:
453:
440:
427:
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405:Proteracanthus
401:
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364:
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331:Chaetodipterus
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284:in the series
281:incertae sedis
262:Pieter Bleeker
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687:on 2019-04-08
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501:pectoral fins
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41:Eocene–Recent
33:
30:
19:
1347:Moroniformes
1085:
1061:. Retrieved
1054:"Ephippidae"
1033:
1006:
1002:
992:
965:
961:
951:
926:
922:
912:
900:. Retrieved
895:
867:(81): 1–45.
864:
854:
842:. Retrieved
832:
820:. Retrieved
810:
797:
786:
761:
751:
717:(162): 162.
714:
710:
700:
689:. Retrieved
685:the original
669:
662:
635:
631:
585:
570:zoantharians
563:
546:
544:
541:Distribution
535:total length
528:
525:total length
520:
513:lateral line
489:preoperculum
485:
461:
455:
442:
429:
416:
403:
393:
387:Steindachner
380:
367:
353:
343:
329:
316:
306:
292:
289:
279:
265:
248:
239:Moroniformes
223:
222:
215:
196:
187:Moroniformes
122:Platax teira
120:
29:
1203:iNaturalist
1110:Wikispecies
604:surgeonfish
505:pelvic fins
431:Tripterodon
418:Rhinoprenes
382:Parapsettus
349:Blot, 1969
276:Drepaneidae
1342:Ephippidae
1336:Categories
1143:Ephippidae
1130:Ephippidae
1116:Ephippidae
1086:Ephippidae
691:2023-03-31
610:References
600:parrotfish
594:by eating
578:gorgonians
509:caudal fin
493:dorsal fin
286:Eupercaria
232:percomorph
224:Ephippidae
197:Ephippidae
35:Ephippidae
984:1522-2055
943:1522-2055
582:tunicates
272:Moronidae
216:see text
153:Kingdom:
147:Eukaryota
18:Spadefish
1095:Wikidata
1025:17174918
902:31 March
822:31 March
788:FishBase
743:28683774
654:25543675
497:anal fin
444:Zabidius
436:Playfair
355:Ephippus
345:Eoplatax
336:Lacépède
245:Taxonomy
193:Family:
167:Chordata
163:Phylum:
157:Animalia
143:Domain:
1101:Q637670
844:6 April
734:5501477
632:Zootaxa
596:seaweed
566:sponges
560:Biology
463:Exellia
458:extinct
451:, 1930
449:Whitley
438:, 1867
425:, 1964
412:, 1859
410:Günther
389:, 1875
376:, 1966
369:Laparon
362:, 1816
338:, 1802
325:, 1969
295:in the
210:Genera
202:Bleeker
183:Order:
173:Class:
1319:151426
1306:114110
1303:uBio:
1283:133666
1270:563518
1254:NZOR:
1234:553178
1221:114119
1063:2 July
1023:
982:
941:
741:
731:
677:
652:
460:genus
395:Platax
374:Casier
360:Cuvier
303:Genera
251:family
228:family
204:, 1859
1314:WoRMS
1291:Plazi
1247:75381
1216:IRMNG
1208:49317
423:Munro
290:sensu
236:order
226:is a
1242:NCBI
1229:ITIS
1195:4271
1190:GBIF
1182:5324
1151:BOLD
1065:2008
1021:PMID
980:ISSN
939:ISSN
904:2023
846:2023
824:2023
739:PMID
675:ISBN
650:PMID
636:3882
602:and
580:and
456:The
323:Blot
274:and
257:and
46:PreꞒ
1177:EoL
1169:9SD
1164:CoL
1156:486
1138:AFD
1125:ADW
1011:doi
970:doi
931:doi
869:doi
729:PMC
719:doi
640:doi
230:of
1338::
1316::
1293::
1280::
1267::
1244::
1231::
1218::
1205::
1192::
1179::
1166::
1153::
1140::
1127::
1112::
1097::
1056:.
1019:.
1007:16
1005:.
1001:.
978:.
966:74
964:.
960:.
937:.
927:74
925:.
921:.
894:.
881:^
863:.
815:.
809:.
785:.
770:^
760:.
737:.
727:.
715:17
713:.
709:.
648:.
634:.
630:.
618:^
576:,
572:,
568:,
299:.
96:Pg
1067:.
1027:.
1013::
986:.
972::
945:.
933::
906:.
875:.
871::
848:.
826:.
764:.
745:.
721::
694:.
656:.
642::
550:)
519:(
366:†
342:†
315:†
309:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
20:)
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