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898:
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The redesign of the undercarriage, and numerous other details changes coincided with Brown's visit to Europe to arrange for the use of the
Siemens-Halske engine and had not been approved by him. He considered them unnecessary, and the fight over these changes led to his departure from the company.
262:. This was replaced with a split-axle undercarriage on the C3-1 and C3-2, which had the legs braced to the opposite lower longerons. From the C3-3 onwards, each undercarriage leg was triangulated with two struts braced to a central keel in the bottom of the fuselage, and one
273:
The keel used to brace the undercarriage on the C3-3 and later models coincided with a deepening of the fuselage, with additional fairing strips added, including to the underside of the fuselage. A headrest would also be added for the rear cockpit on later models.
353:
were also offered and installed in a few airframes, but none of them was successful for service use. While the Walter was fitted to a significant number of the earlier airframes, as an import, it was never a popular engine in the United States and eventually the
246:
The fuel tank was fitted into the upper wing center section in such a way that it could be removed without removing the wings. On the C3-225, an additional removable fuel tank was added in the fuselage, and the wing tank acted as a header tank.
193:
tubes, faired with wood battens. It had two open cockpits each protected from the wind with generously sized shatterproof-glass windscreens, and which could accommodated three people, with two in the front cockpit.
334:, had already been tried out, and was found to be extremely unreliable, so only one aircraft was fitted with it. The search for a reliable replacement for the Siemens led to the use of the more successful
236:, while the lower wing had 2° of dihedral. Interconnected unbalanced ailerons were fitted to both wings inset from the wingtips. The rudder and elevators were constructed similarly to the wings.
499:
as an aerial taxi on the oil fields, then sold to a private owner, then it went to the
Spartan School of Aeronautics (which still exists) to provide flight training briefly before going to the
1615:
266:
on each side to the upper longeron, providing a greater range of movement and reducing camber changes. Early examples had a tail skid, while later ones had a tailwheel fitted.
1737:
216:
sheet covered the leading edge of the wing to improve the aerodynamic form. The wings were braced with streamlined section steel wire. Both upper and lower wings used a
1608:
526:
MSN A-14 C3-225 N720N was airworthy as of 2020, and is listed in the
Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology fleet. This aircraft was donated to the
527:
1742:
1601:
1752:
1033:
Some sources suggest over 100 of the Ryan-Siemens powered C3s were built, however surviving records do not bear this out, per
Juptner, 1964, p.278.
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1330:
1189:
1545:
1453:
374:
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530:, where it was displayed from 1998 until 2007. An extensive restoration from 2007 to 2011 subsequently returned it to flying status.
229:
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433:-175 monoplanes, and 5 other examples were exported to Mexico for commercial and private use, and at least one was operated by
330:
in
Germany, where it was manufactured. Even before the supply problems had manifested themselves, the next engine chosen, the
389:
358:
supplanted it. The ultimate variant was the C3-225, which was fitted with a much more powerful 225 hp (168 kW)
319:
The search for a suitable powerplant led to a number of different engines being installed. When production started, the
258:
aircraft, with a pair of vees braced from the lower longerons, connected with a spreader bar and suspension provided by
508:
400:, while some were used as air taxis. The Spartan was offered for sale for $ 6,750, which was later reduced to $ 5,975.
282:
The privately developed prototype to the C3 series first flew on 25 October 1926, originally powered with a stationary
459:
Five C3s survive, four in the United States, and one in
Germany as of 2020, of which at least three were airworthy.
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until being stored in 1953. It was restored in 2003–2004 to flying condition and subsequently donated to the museum.
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A C3-2 fitted with a large fuel tank in the front cockpit demonstrated its reliability by being flown nonstop from
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This article is about the
American Spartan three seat biplane. For the British Spartan three seat biplane, see
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called a Super LeRhône. The use of various engines was anticipated from the start, although the planned
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Other than the metal panels around the nose, most of the airframe was covered in fabric that had been
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Despite the low-power engine, the type showed sufficient promise to warrant the formation of the
1467:. Vol. X, no. 3. New York City: The Aeronatautical Digest Publishing Corp. p. 226.
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airfoil section, and had the same 32 ft (9.8 m) span and 60 in (1,500 mm)
366:, and it was given a larger fin and a greatly enlarged fuel tank in the wing center section.
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The financier behind the transformation of the Mid-Continent
Aircraft company into Spartan,
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water-cooled V-8 engine was never used and only radial-engine powered versions were flown.
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A single C3-225 was exported to
Argentina, and both a C3-120 and a C3-225 went to Chile.
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on production examples. Ribs were built up from spruce and plywood, while on the C3-225,
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308:, to produce it, which would in turn be bought out and reorganized by prominent oilman
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9 cylinder radial - 35 C3-2 and C3-120 built, including one converted from C3-1
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The C3 was used primarily by flight schools for flying training, including the
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392:. Other firms used the aircraft's ability to carry two passengers for
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1531:. Vol. XXII, no. 9. Gardner Publishing Co. pp. 421–422.
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187:
1476:. Los Angeles, CA: Aero Publishers. pp. 180–182 & 186–187.
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1415:
Bowers, Peter M. (July 1976). "Yesterdays Wings - The
Spartan C3".
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MSN 149 C3-165 NC705N, an airworthy example, is privately owned in
1510:. Fallbrook, CA: Aero Publishers. pp. 243–245 & 256–257.
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MSN 120 C3-165 NC285M is on static display in the hangars at the
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1277:"Golden Years of Aviation - Civil Aircraft Register - Argentina"
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467:, but stored pending restoration and replacement of its engine.
1234:"Golden Years of Aviation - Civil Aircraft Register - Mexico"
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flights, the type was popular for shuttling crews around the
326:
was chosen, but production of that engine stalled due to the
208:
spars that were replaced with solid spruce spars routed into
1581:
Video of Spartan C3-165 NC257K '14' at Spartan flying school
1303:"Golden Years of Aviation - Civil Aircraft Register - Chile"
1352:"Spartan College of Aeronautics and Technology - Our Fleet"
487:
MSN A-12 C3-225 NC718N is airworthy and on display at the
429:
purchased four C3-120s in 1933 along with six of the later
1589:
Video of Spartan C3-220 NC720 being started by hand crank
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and the same aircraft being used for pilot's first solo
792:
6.5 US gal (25 L; 5.4 imp gal)
657:
several proposed but unbuilt variants were to have had
463:
MSN 99 C3-120 N271K, privately owned, is registered in
1493:. Los Angeles, CA: Aero Publishers. pp. 276–278.
785:
65 US gal (250 L; 54 imp gal)
224:, with rounded wing tips. The wing was rigged without
1463:
Horsefall, J.E., ed. (March 1927). "The Spartan C3".
1448:. Crowborough, UK: Hikoki Publications. p. 41.
1684:
1658:
1632:
934:(Partial listing, only covers most numerous types)
286:modified in the US from a 120 hp (89 kW)
930:Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
554:C3-225 showing larger rudder and deeper fuselage
1379:"Spartan C3 – Restored Beauty by Dennis Henson"
1264:(in French). Paris: Dunod Editeur. p. 211.
170:is an American three-seat open-cockpit utility
507:in 1940, which resold it a month later to the
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1209:
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197:The wings on the prototype were built around
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641:7 cylinder radial - 1 converted from C3-165
1738:1920s United States civil utility aircraft
1616:
1602:
1594:
1491:U.S. Civil Aircraft Vol. 2 (ATC 101 - 200)
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
869:10 minutes to 6,900 ft (2,100 m)
232:. The upper wing was flat across, with no
1508:US Civil Aircraft: Vol. 3 (ATC 201 - 300)
1331:"FAA Registry Make/Model Inquiry Results"
1192:. Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA)
833:118 mph (190 km/h, 103 kn)
418:, also purchased a number of C3s for the
16:American 1920s three-seat utility biplane
1523:LePage, W. L., ed. (February 28, 1927).
1474:U.S. Civil Aircraft Vol. 1 (ATC 1 - 100)
1131:
1129:
839:100 mph (160 km/h, 87 kn)
1045:
1026:
851:600 mi (970 km, 520 nmi)
1325:
1323:
1258:Hirschauer, L.; Dollfus, C.H. (1930).
1184:
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1063:
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845:47 mph (76 km/h, 41 kn)
495:. This aircraft was first operated by
27:
7:
1167:LePage, 28 February 1927, pp.421-422
866:1 minute to 800 ft (240 m)
818:2-bladed metal fixed-pitch propeller
624:C3-5 (redesignated C3-165) (ATC 195)
724:32 ft 0 in (9.75 m)
705:32 ft 0 in (9.75 m)
699:23 ft 10 in (7.26 m)
594:C3-2 (redesignated C3-120) (ATC 73)
186:and wing struts were built up from
1424:Eckland, K. O. (October 6, 2007).
1301:Pentland, Andrew (June 26, 2010).
1275:Pentland, Andrew (June 26, 2010).
1232:Pentland, Andrew (June 26, 2010).
743:8 ft 10 in (2.69 m)
617:1929 115 hp (86 kW)-150
573:radial engine - prototype, 1 built
14:
1743:Spartan Aircraft Company aircraft
1525:"The Spartan C3 Commercial Plane"
1446:Latin American Air Wars 1912-1969
749:291 sq ft (27.0 m)
509:Burnham and Miller Flying Service
503:, which then passed it on to the
444:Survivors and aircraft on display
896:
882:
137:prototype powered by a modified
36:
1753:Single-engined tractor aircraft
666:Specifications (Spartan C3-165)
647:1930 225 hp (168 kW)
637:1929 165 hp (123 kW)
627:1929 165 hp (123 kW)
607:1929 170 hp (130 kW)
578:Approved Type Certificate (ATC)
519:. In 1948, it was modified for
517:Civilian Pilot Training Program
191:chromium-molybdenum alloy steel
1261:L'année aéronautique 1929-1930
1190:"1930 Spartan C3-225 - NC718N"
772:2,618 lb (1,188 kg)
597:1928 120 hp (89 kW)
583:1928 125 hp (93 kW)
569:1926 120 hp (89 kW)
302:Mid-Continent Aircraft Company
254:similar to those used on most
1:
857:12,000 ft (3,700 m)
390:Spartan School of Aeronautics
1758:Aircraft first flown in 1926
1402:Horsefall, March 1927, p.226
651:7 cylinder radial - 14 built
631:5 cylinder radial - 45 built
452:C3-165 NC285M on display at
328:worsening economic situation
1506:Juptner, Joseph P. (1966).
1489:Juptner, Joseph P. (1964).
1472:Juptner, Joseph P. (1962).
812:, 165 hp (123 kW)
766:1,650 lb (748 kg)
661:-derived engines installed.
621:7 cylinder radial - 2 built
611:6 cylinder radial - 8 built
1774:
1559:. Airlife Publishing Ltd.
954:Buhl-Verville CA-3 Airster
528:Tulsa Air and Space Museum
252:conventional undercarriage
20:
1176:Juptner, 1962, pp.181-182
1123:Juptner, 1964, pp.276-278
1107:Juptner, 1964, pp.243-245
1055:Juptner, 1966, pp.256-257
779:968 lb (439 kg)
673:Juptner, 1964, pp.276-278
501:Oklahoma Military Academy
228:, or washout and at a 0°
35:
30:
1557:Airlife's World Aircraft
1213:Juptner, 1962, p.186-187
1087:Juptner, 1962, p.180-182
988:Travel Air 2000 and 4000
798:83 in (2.11 m)
731:60 in (1.52 m)
712:60 in (1.52 m)
314:Spartan Aircraft Company
243:to tighten and seal it.
72:Spartan Aircraft Company
678:General characteristics
515:training pilots in the
511:, which used it during
472:Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome
1444:Hagedorn, Dan (2006).
1010:List of civil aircraft
808:5 cylinder air-cooled
806:Wright J-6-5 Whirlwind
659:Wright-Hispano-Suiza 8
649:Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind
629:Wright J-6-5 Whirlwind
555:
547:
456:
385:
360:Wright J-6-7 Whirlwind
163:
152:
141:
1555:Simpson, Rod (2001).
1540:. Aviation Heritage.
1307:www.airhistory.org.uk
1281:www.airhistory.org.uk
1238:www.airhistory.org.uk
1067:Simpson, 2001, p. 517
553:
542:
489:EAA AirVenture Museum
451:
427:Fuerza Aerea Mexicana
405:Walkersville, Ontario
379:Fuerza Aerea Mexicana
377:
174:from the late 1920s.
158:
147:
136:
1659:High-wing monoplanes
1222:Hagedorn, 2006, p.41
1149:Juptner, 1962, p.182
944:American Eagle A-101
796:Undercarriage track:
735:Lower wing dihedral:
716:Upper wing dihedral:
381:(Mexican Air Force)
250:The prototype had a
48:Open cockpit biplane
23:Spartan Three Seater
1685:Low-wing monoplanes
1536:Peek, Chet (1994).
983:Swallow New Swallow
949:Brunner-Winkle Bird
939:Alexander Eaglerock
918:Related development
654:undesignated models
435:Aeronautica del Sur
370:Operational history
1135:Bowers, 1976, p.67
609:Curtiss Challenger
585:Ryan-Siemens Sh-14
556:
548:
544:Curtiss Challenger
493:Oshkosh, Wisconsin
476:Red Hook, New York
457:
420:Skelly Oil Company
386:
351:Curtiss Challenger
295:Hispano-Wright E-2
230:angle of incidence
164:
153:
149:Ryan-Siemens Sh-14
142:
1725:
1724:
1538:The Spartan Story
969:Pitcairn Mailwing
861:Time to altitude:
729:Lower wing chord:
710:Upper wing chord:
560:www.aerofiles.com
409:Key West, Florida
332:Fairchild Caminez
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1377:Henson, Dennis.
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1005:List of aircraft
959:Command-Aire 3C3
912:1926 in aviation
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855:Service ceiling:
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644:C3-225 (ATC 286)
634:C3-166 (ATC 290)
505:Union Cotton Oil
384:
356:Wright Whirlwind
122:
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89:25 October 1926
81:Willis C. Brown
58:
50:Type of aircraft
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1383:www.spartan.edu
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890:Aviation portal
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614:C3-4 (ATC 2-78)
604:C3-3 (ATC 2-77)
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407:, in Canada to
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362:seven-cylinder
306:Tulsa, Oklahoma
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837:Cruise speed:
835:
832:
829:
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827:
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817:
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811:
810:radial engine
807:
803:
800:
797:
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790:Oil capacity:
788:
784:
781:
778:
777:Maximum load:
775:
771:
770:Gross weight:
768:
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764:Empty weight:
762:
760:
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599:Walter NZ 120
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568:
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546:-powered C3-3
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465:Dubuque, Iowa
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454:Old Rhinebeck
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336:Walter NZ 120
333:
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324:radial engine
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291:rotary engine
289:
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256:World War One
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162:-powered C3-2
161:
160:Walter NZ 120
157:
151:-powered C3-1
150:
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94:Introduction
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86:First flight
85:
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68:Manufacturer
67:
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62:United States
60:
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1697:7W Executive
1692:7X Executive
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1433:. Retrieved
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1409:Bibliography
1398:
1386:. Retrieved
1382:
1372:
1360:. Retrieved
1355:
1346:
1334:. Retrieved
1310:. Retrieved
1306:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
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1241:. Retrieved
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1227:
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1194:. Retrieved
1172:
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843:Stall speed:
842:
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801:
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513:World War II
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394:barnstorming
387:
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321:Ryan-Siemens
318:
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260:bungee cords
249:
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214:duraluminium
196:
181:
167:
165:
111:Number built
18:
1465:Aero Digest
1312:January 30,
1286:January 30,
1243:January 30,
974:Stearman C2
824:Performance
816:Propellers:
802:Powerplant:
591:- 15+ built
587:7 cylinder
558:(data from
497:Halliburton
288:Le Rhône 9J
278:Development
139:Le Rhône 9J
115:approx 122
31:Spartan C3
1732:Categories
1016:References
924:Spartan NP
747:Wing area:
431:Spartan C2
398:oil fields
264:oleo strut
222:wing chord
168:Spartan C3
126:Spartan NP
1435:March 12,
1426:"Spartan"
1388:March 16,
1362:March 16,
1336:March 10,
1196:March 13,
1041:Citations
964:Parks P-1
904:US portal
691:Capacity:
671:Data from
639:Comet 7-E
619:Axelson A
347:Comet 7-E
343:Axelson A
316:in 1928.
78:Designer
1748:Biplanes
1633:Biplanes
1627:aircraft
1516:62-15967
1499:62-15967
1482:62-15967
876:See also
535:Variants
422:'s use.
234:dihedral
206:box beam
184:fuselage
182:The C3s
105:retired
1702:8W Zeus
1625:Spartan
993:Waco 10
759:Clark Y
754:Airfoil
741:Height:
697:Length:
483:Germany
383:C3-120s
312:as the
226:stagger
218:Clark Y
210:I-beams
203:plywood
172:biplane
102:Status
1563:
1544:
1514:
1497:
1480:
1452:
1358:. 2020
849:Range:
589:radial
576:C3-1 (
349:, and
199:spruce
188:welded
178:Design
1717:UC-71
1021:Notes
685:Crew:
241:doped
97:1928
45:Role
1650:NS-1
1561:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1512:LCCN
1495:LCCN
1478:LCCN
1450:ISBN
1437:2020
1390:2020
1364:2020
1338:2020
1314:2020
1288:2020
1245:2020
1198:2020
976:and
804:1 ×
425:The
341:The
201:and
166:The
1676:E-4
693:Two
687:One
580:71)
491:in
474:in
304:in
1734::
1712:C2
1671:C5
1666:C4
1645:NP
1640:C3
1527:.
1428:.
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1305:.
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1060:^
1048:^
978:C3
737:2°
718:0°
566:C3
562:)
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338:.
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1610:t
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