134:
391:, starting as females (known as the initial phase) and then changing to males (the terminal phase). However, some males are direct-developing, and these usually resemble the initial phase. These direct-developing terminal-phase males often display different mating strategies. In most species, the terminal phase is more colourful than the initial, but a notable exception to this rule is
112:
414:
and other human activities. However, as mentioned above, it is the main grazer of algae. Still, since populations have been falling, the coral reefs may be at risk, because too much
697:
1068:
1094:
1191:
889:
1181:
1042:
1081:
797:
524:
1143:
758:
543:
938:
807:
772:
1086:
1186:
1016:
858:
Sparisoma rocha, a new species of parrotfish (Actinopterygii: Labridae) from
Trindade Island, South-western Atlantic.
133:
1099:
908:
722:
643:
388:
676:
567:
686:, the latter is the more widely used name and the former was long mistakenly thought to be synonymous with
956:
514:
462:
281:
229:
832:
611:
552:
447:
1120:
1021:
657:
626:
477:
348:
212:
578:
505:
432:
1148:
1003:
872:
Sparisoma choati, a new species of
Parrotfish (Labirdae: Scarinae) from the tropical eastern Atlantic
793:
754:
600:
520:
468:
340:
885:
501:
1171:
900:
533:
483:
344:, the other prominent consumers of algae, have been reduced in many places by a recent epidemic.
277:
253:
128:
1125:
1176:
1107:
1073:
1029:
934:
802:
767:
617:
1135:
1112:
688:
637:
492:
120:
890:"An annotated checklist of the species of the Labroid fish families Labridae and Scaridae"
589:
438:
319:
994:
857:
927:
266:
175:
1165:
828:
558:
539:
497:
64:
904:
1034:
672:
396:
221:
1008:
326:
described from the East
Atlantic in 2012. They are the most important grazers of
1055:
988:
453:
411:
185:
39:
111:
400:
335:
303:
195:
84:
49:
979:
929:
Official Lists and
Indexes of Names and Works in Zoology Supplement 1986-2000
410:
is fairly successful, but populations have been falling somewhat because of
331:
145:
89:
33:
376:
The size of parrotfishes of this genus ranges from the rather small-sized
973:
841:
311:
307:
165:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
1047:
94:
69:
897:
Ichthyological
Bulletin of the J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology
1060:
380:
with a known maximum length of 20 cm (7.9 in) to the large
353:
155:
101:
950:
661:
419:
415:
362:
299:
327:
954:
384:, which reaches lengths of up to 64 cm (25 in).
855:
Pinheiro, H. T., J. L. Gasparini & I. Sazima (2010).
933:. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature.
963:
698:
International
Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
926:
796:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
757:; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.).
314:recognizes 15 species in this genus, including
723:"A compendium of fossil marine animal genera"
8:
951:
110:
20:
749:
747:
713:
403:is reserved for rapid bursts of speed.
594:Pinheiro, Gasparini & Sazima, 2010
682:would appear to have precedence over
631:Gasparini, Joyeux & Floeter, 2003
7:
870:Rocha, Brito, and Robertson (2012).
704:was recognised as the type species.
1192:Taxa named by William John Swainson
727:Bulletins of American Paleontology
369:means "body". The common spelling
14:
132:
1182:Extant Eocene first appearances
798:"Genera in the family Scaridae"
808:California Academy of Sciences
773:California Academy of Sciences
306:native to warmer parts of the
1:
418:is deleterious or harmful to
365:is a golden-headed fish, and
574:(Caribbean reef parrotfish)
1208:
667:in 1839 and he designated
633:(Brazilian red parrotfish)
548:(Mediterranean parrotfish)
387:Members of this genus are
510:(West-African parrotfish)
389:sequential hermaphrodites
347:The name was proposed by
259:
252:
245:
240:
227:
220:
129:Scientific classification
127:
118:
109:
23:
845:. February 2012 version.
831:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
458:(Greenblotch parrotfish)
874:. Zootaxa, 3152: 61-67.
721:Sepkoski, Jack (2002).
696:was suppressed by the
648:(Stoplight parrotfish)
585:(Bucktooth parrotfish)
568:Sparisoma griseorubrum
563:(Agassiz's parrotfish)
515:Sparisoma chrysopterum
463:Sparisoma aurofrenatum
334:Sea, especially since
1121:Paleobiology Database
925:J.D.D. Smith (2001).
794:Eschmeyer, William N.
755:Eschmeyer, William N.
658:William John Swainson
627:Sparisoma tuiupiranga
622:(Strigate parrotfish)
349:William John Swainson
861:Zootaxa 2493: 59–65.
605:(Valenciennes, 1840)
601:Sparisoma rubripinne
596:(Rocha's parrotfish)
583:(Valenciennes, 1840)
529:(Redtail parrotfish)
473:(Redband parrotfish)
702:Scarus chrysopterus
612:Sparisoma strigatum
607:(Redfin parrotfish)
553:Sparisoma frondosum
448:Sparisoma atomarium
1187:Marine fish genera
833:"Species in genus
694:Sparus abildgaardi
669:Sparus abildgaardi
534:Sparisoma cretense
478:Sparisoma axillare
230:Scarus abildgaardi
1159:
1158:
1108:Open Tree of Life
957:Taxon identifiers
803:Catalog of Fishes
768:Catalog of Fishes
647:
632:
621:
606:
595:
584:
579:Sparisoma radians
573:
562:
547:
528:
509:
488:(Gray parrotfish)
487:
472:
457:
443:(Reef parrotfish)
442:
395:. They use their
351:as a subgenus of
291:
290:
285:
270:
263:Callyodontichthys
216:
1199:
1152:
1151:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1128:
1116:
1115:
1103:
1102:
1090:
1089:
1077:
1076:
1064:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1038:
1037:
1025:
1024:
1012:
1011:
999:
998:
997:
984:
983:
982:
952:
945:
944:
932:
922:
916:
915:
913:
907:. Archived from
894:
881:
875:
868:
862:
853:
847:
846:
825:
819:
818:
816:
814:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
751:
742:
741:
739:
738:
718:
689:Sparisoma viride
641:
638:Sparisoma viride
630:
615:
604:
593:
582:
571:
556:
537:
518:
496:
493:Sparisoma choati
481:
466:
451:
436:
433:Sparisoma amplum
276:
265:
211:
137:
136:
121:Sparisoma viride
114:
99:
36:
29:Temporal range:
21:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1142:
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1111:
1106:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1080:
1072:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1046:
1041:
1033:
1028:
1020:
1015:
1007:
1002:
993:
992:
987:
978:
977:
972:
959:
949:
948:
941:
924:
923:
919:
911:
892:
883:
882:
878:
869:
865:
854:
850:
827:
826:
822:
812:
810:
792:
791:
787:
777:
775:
753:
752:
745:
736:
734:
720:
719:
715:
710:
675:, Although the
655:
590:Sparisoma rocha
506:D. R. Robertson
428:
320:Trindade Island
318:described from
236:
233:
210:
131:
105:
98:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
16:Genus of fishes
12:
11:
5:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1140:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1091:
1078:
1065:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1013:
1000:
985:
969:
967:
961:
960:
955:
947:
946:
939:
917:
914:on 2020-02-11.
876:
863:
848:
829:Froese, Rainer
820:
785:
743:
712:
711:
709:
706:
660:described the
654:
651:
650:
649:
634:
623:
608:
597:
586:
575:
572:Cervigón, 1982
564:
549:
530:
511:
489:
474:
459:
444:
427:
424:
373:is incorrect.
289:
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271:
257:
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243:
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237:
234:
225:
224:
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203:
199:
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189:
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179:
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176:Actinopterygii
173:
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159:
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139:
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125:
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116:
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107:
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93:
88:
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68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
37:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1204:
1193:
1190:
1188:
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1183:
1180:
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1170:
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1167:
1150:
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1141:
1137:
1131:
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1118:
1114:
1109:
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1079:
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1066:
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1057:
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1044:
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1036:
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1005:
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996:
990:
986:
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968:
966:
962:
958:
953:
942:
936:
931:
930:
921:
918:
910:
906:
902:
898:
891:
887:
886:J. E. Randall
884:Parenti, P.;
880:
877:
873:
867:
864:
860:
859:
852:
849:
844:
843:
838:
836:
830:
824:
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795:
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769:
764:
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748:
744:
732:
728:
724:
717:
714:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
690:
685:
681:
678:
677:specific name
674:
670:
666:
663:
659:
652:
645:
640:
639:
635:
629:
628:
624:
619:
614:
613:
609:
603:
602:
598:
592:
591:
587:
581:
580:
576:
570:
569:
565:
560:
555:
554:
550:
545:
541:
536:
535:
531:
526:
522:
517:
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507:
503:
499:
495:
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479:
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460:
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450:
449:
445:
440:
435:
434:
430:
429:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
404:
402:
399:to move; the
398:
397:pectoral fins
394:
390:
385:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:
350:
345:
343:
342:
338:, especially
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
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297:
296:
283:
279:
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117:
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96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
35:
26:
22:
19:
964:
928:
920:
909:the original
899:(68): 1–97.
896:
879:
871:
866:
856:
851:
840:
834:
823:
811:. Retrieved
801:
788:
776:. Retrieved
766:
760:
735:. Retrieved
730:
726:
716:
701:
693:
687:
684:chrysopterum
683:
679:
673:type species
668:
664:
656:
653:Type species
636:
625:
610:
599:
588:
577:
566:
551:
532:
513:
491:
484:Steindachner
476:
469:Valenciennes
461:
446:
431:
407:
405:
392:
386:
381:
377:
375:
370:
366:
358:
352:
346:
339:
323:
322:in 2010 and
315:
304:parrotfishes
294:
293:
292:
273:
262:
246:
228:
222:Type species
206:
205:
119:
24:
18:
1056:iNaturalist
989:Wikispecies
813:16 February
778:16 February
692:. The name
680:abildgaardi
412:overfishing
393:S. cretense
336:sea urchins
235:Bloch, 1791
186:Labriformes
1166:Categories
940:0853010072
737:2008-01-08
708:References
644:Bonnaterre
406:The genus
401:caudal fin
378:S. radians
371:Sparisomus
247:See text.
104:to Present
32:44–0
1172:Sparisoma
1009:Sparisoma
995:Sparisoma
965:Sparisoma
835:Sparisoma
761:Sparisoma
665:Sparisoma
525:Schneider
408:Sparisoma
382:S. viride
332:Caribbean
324:S. choati
295:Sparisoma
207:Sparisoma
152:Kingdom:
146:Eukaryota
25:Sparisoma
1177:Scaridae
974:Wikidata
905:82180282
888:(2000).
842:FishBase
540:Linnaeus
316:S. rocha
312:FishBase
308:Atlantic
282:Evermann
274:Euscarus
254:Synonyms
241:Species
213:Swainson
196:Scaridae
192:Family:
166:Chordata
162:Phylum:
156:Animalia
142:Domain:
1074:1435513
1048:2393893
980:Q946029
671:as its
646:, 1788)
620:, 1862)
618:Günther
561:, 1831)
559:Agassiz
527:, 1801)
486:, 1878)
471:, 1840)
456:, 1861)
441:, 1842)
439:Ranzani
426:Species
341:Diadema
330:in the
267:Bleeker
202:Genus:
182:Order:
172:Class:
100:Middle
1149:126051
1136:118954
1133:uBio:
1113:214107
1087:170861
937:
903:
523:&
508:, 2012
504:&
359:Sparus
354:Scarus
284:, 1896
280:&
278:Jordan
269:, 1861
215:, 1839
102:Eocene
1144:WoRMS
1126:36201
1100:51764
1069:IRMNG
1061:49931
1035:63SG8
1022:52233
912:(PDF)
901:S2CID
893:(PDF)
733:: 560
662:genus
521:Bloch
502:Brito
498:Rocha
420:coral
416:algae
363:Latin
328:algae
300:genus
298:is a
1095:NCBI
1082:ITIS
1043:GBIF
1017:BOLD
935:ISBN
815:2020
780:2020
700:and
544:1758
454:Poey
367:soma
40:PreꞒ
1030:CoL
1004:ADW
731:364
361:in
302:of
1168::
1146::
1123::
1110::
1097::
1084::
1071::
1058::
1045::
1032::
1019::
1006::
991::
976::
895:.
839:.
806:.
800:.
771:.
765:.
746:^
729:.
725:.
542:,
500:,
422:.
357:.
310:.
90:Pg
34:Ma
943:.
837:"
817:.
782:.
763:"
759:"
740:.
642:(
616:(
557:(
546:)
538:(
519:(
482:(
467:(
452:(
437:(
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:Ꞓ
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