2258:
227:
135:
38:
2268:
1632:
155:
295:, which can theoretically be spectral colors. In this case, all other colors are inherently non-spectral. In reality, the spectral bandwidth of most primaries means that most color spaces are entirely non-spectral. Due to different chromaticity properties of different spectral segments, and also due to practical limitations of light sources, the actual
420:
color is sometimes included. Some have argued that Newton's indigo would be equivalent to our modern blue, and his blue equivalent to our blue-green. However, his nonintuitive choices can be better explained. In the table below, note how wavelength is not proportional to hue (which is approximately
425:
attempt to divide the spectrum into sections that appear perceptually uniform. On the other hand, Newton's sections are approximately uniform in size as they would have physically appeared in the diffracted spectrum, i.e. each about 40nm "wide". In this theory, the sections were divided without
1082:
curves. If the spectral sensitivity curves do not overlap, then all colors except for the extremes (where one of the cones is not excited) would be non-spectral. However, there are no known vision systems where the
397:. Early in the study of radiometry, Newton was not able to measure the wavelength of the light, but his experiments were repeated contemporarily to estimate wavelengths where his color term boundaries probably lay.
315:, but is especially poor in reproducing the visual appearance of spectral colors in the vicinity of central green, and between green and blue, as well as extreme spectral colors approaching
1884:
401:
color terms included red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet; this color sequence is still used to describe spectral colors colloquially and a
237:
The spectrum colors are the colors on the horseshoe-shaped curve on the outside of the diagram. All other colors are not spectral: the bottom line is
2035:
338:, which uses three spectral colors as primaries (and therefore only includes precisely those three spectral colors), and color spaces such as the
1889:
2025:
1254:
490:
2101:
244:, whilst within the interior of the diagram are unsaturated colors that are various mixtures of a spectral color or a purple color with
1034:, which cannot be seen under normal viewing of light, such as over-saturated colors or colors that are seemingly brighter than white.
1220:
1195:
121:
2046:
260:
which include all, or most spectral colors, they form a part of boundary of the set of all real colors. When considering a three-
354:
2271:
2225:
55:
2041:
2030:
102:
59:
376:
there is no distinction between spectral and non-spectral colors. Their entire gamut can be represented by spectral colors.
74:
2106:
1909:
1569:
1343:
81:
2111:
1698:
1247:
48:
1876:
1769:
1427:
88:
2086:
1904:
1554:
1287:
1108:
339:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2138:
2091:
331:
171:
70:
2096:
2020:
1775:
1319:
1240:
269:
1494:
1993:
1676:
1664:
1079:
273:
232:
990:
Any color obtained by mixing a gray-scale color and another color (either spectral or not), such as
1708:
1640:
390:
or names, but aligning boundaries between color terms to a specific wavelength is very subjective.
203:
143:
2123:
1529:
1437:
1331:
1075:
445:
The table below includes several definitions where the spectral colors have been categorized in
330:
color models such as CIE 1931, but industrial and consumer color spaces such as sRGB, CMYK, and
2233:
2186:
1783:
1598:
1537:
1489:
1422:
1417:
1395:
1324:
1216:
1191:
426:
influence of his own perception, and each section was then given a name that best suited its
288:
chromaticity diagram contains all the spectral colors (to the eye of the standard observer).
2181:
2176:
2156:
2151:
1914:
1681:
1559:
1509:
1504:
1476:
1442:
1432:
1302:
1168:
1141:
1031:
191:
95:
2211:
2201:
2196:
2161:
2063:
1899:
1846:
1736:
1669:
1484:
1400:
1378:
1017:
308:
249:
240:
453:
that a given monochromatic light evokes is approximated at the right side of the table.
248:, a grayscale color. White is in the central part of the interior of the diagram, since
2292:
2261:
2206:
2191:
2171:
2166:
1949:
1763:
1758:
1586:
1564:
1499:
1371:
1336:
1037:
1009:
1003:
296:
2286:
2146:
1731:
1617:
1542:
1519:
1459:
1383:
1366:
1272:
327:
292:
195:
175:
307:. Due to the location of R and G primaries near the 'almost flat' spectral segment,
1981:
1944:
1937:
1743:
1726:
1718:
1659:
1651:
1514:
1358:
1025:
467:
398:
394:
373:
358:
312:
202:). Every wave of visible light is perceived as a spectral color; when viewed as a
2118:
1976:
1753:
1748:
1612:
1581:
1547:
1452:
1348:
1314:
1058:
346:
320:
300:
257:
134:
37:
1061:
systems do not qualify, because many spectral colors lie rather far from their
17:
2128:
1971:
1808:
1799:
1703:
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1631:
1447:
1410:
1405:
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226:
179:
1988:
1961:
1956:
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972:
335:
265:
261:
183:
1172:
1145:
393:
The first person to decompose white light and name the spectral colors was
154:
434:
spectrum vary greatly in wavelength range, but are more consistent in the
272:. When excluding luminance and considering a two-dimensional color space (
2243:
1966:
1574:
477:
431:
422:
402:
316:
158:
Laser beams are monochromatic light, thereby exhibiting spectral colors.
2015:
1297:
1159:
Kelly, Kenneth L. (November 1, 1943). "Color
Designations for Lights".
1021:
207:
139:
2238:
1841:
1831:
413:
350:
285:
27:
Color evoked by a single wavelength of light in the visible spectrum
334:, do not typically include any spectral colors. Exceptions include
311:
is reasonably good with approximating spectral orange, yellow, and
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1861:
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1821:
1292:
1263:
1062:
999:
984:
976:
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245:
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133:
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colors and spectral colors shows a complicated dependence on the
1856:
1836:
1816:
1686:
1603:
991:
980:
1236:
1232:
250:
when all colors of light are mixed together, they produce white
1932:
1826:
1591:
1013:
995:
495:
450:
435:
304:
31:
1213:
CRC handbook of fundamental spectroscopic correlation charts
499:
1188:
Color vision and colorimetry : theory and applications
442:
used in
English, only some of which are spectral colors.
2224:
2137:
2062:
2055:
2006:
1925:
1875:
1807:
1798:
1717:
1650:
1639:
1528:
1475:
1357:
1280:
1271:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
353:, a spectral color has the maximal saturation. In
218:) are evoked by a combination of spectral colors.
1885:Linguistic relativity and the color naming debate
349:capable of representing spectral colors, such as
291:A trichromatic color space is defined by three
438:degree range. Both instances deviate from the
1248:
471:
421:perceptually uniform). Color systems such as
8:
844:
831:
813:
326:Spectral colors are universally included in
1087:spectral sensitivity curves do not overlap.
951:
941:
939:
905:
826:
792:
787:
774:
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746:
725:
704:
691:
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605:
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587:
574:
569:
524:
519:
514:
509:
481:
2267:
2059:
1804:
1647:
1277:
1255:
1241:
1233:
1028:), and other variations of purple and red.
1190:(2nd ed.). Bellingham, Wash.: SPIE.
1161:Journal of the Optical Society of America
1127:
1125:
342:which use imaginary colors as primaries.
284:. For example, the spectral locus of the
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2036:International Commission on Illumination
455:
430:color. In contrast, the sections in the
206:, these colors are seen as the familiar
1132:McLaren, K. (1985). "Newton's indigo".
1100:
1050:
2026:Color Association of the United States
412:In modern divisions of the spectrum,
7:
1016:colors, which include colors in the
60:adding citations to reliable sources
384:The spectrum is often divided into
1890:Blue–green distinction in language
964:Among some of the colors that are
25:
1074:This is true for dichromats with
2266:
2257:
2256:
2047:International Colour Association
1630:
1134:Color Research & Application
36:
457:Spectral color classifications
47:needs additional citations for
2042:International Color Consortium
2031:International Colour Authority
1040:which reflect light by effect.
276:), the spectral colors form a
268:), the spectral colors form a
1:
2107:List of Crayola crayon colors
1215:. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
975:(achromatic) colors, such as
405:for it is commonly known as "
357:, this is described as 100%
264:color space (which includes
1910:Traditional colors of Japan
1687:Achromatic colors (Neutral)
1570:Multi-primary color display
1344:Spectral power distribution
365:In dichromatic color spaces
233:CIE xy chromaticity diagram
2309:
2252:
1770:Color realism (art style)
1628:
1428:Evolution of color vision
1211:Bruno, Thomas J. (2006).
1186:Malacara, Daniel (2011).
494:
489:
486:
476:
466:
461:
194:, or a relatively narrow
2087:List of colors (compact)
1905:Color in Chinese culture
1555:Digital image processing
1288:Electromagnetic spectrum
340:ProPhoto RGB color space
313:bright (yellowish) green
2092:List of colors by shade
414:indigo is often omitted
150:of the spectral colors.
2097:List of color palettes
1173:10.1364/JOSA.33.000627
1146:10.1002/col.5080100411
1116:courses.washington.edu
498:
480:
470:
253:
159:
151:
2021:Color Marketing Group
1776:On Vision and Colours
1709:Tinctures in heraldry
1320:Structural coloration
998:color and white), or
968:spectral colors are:
960:Extra-spectral colors
355:Helmholtz coordinates
229:
216:extra-spectral colors
157:
137:
2102:List of color spaces
1994:Tint, shade and tone
1877:Cultural differences
1692:Polychromatic colors
1677:Complementary colors
1665:Monochromatic colors
1080:spectral sensitivity
380:Spectral color terms
274:chromaticity diagram
146:of white light into
56:improve this article
2082:List of colors: N–Z
2077:List of colors: G–M
2072:List of colors: A–F
1076:photoreceptor cells
1006:and black or gray).
458:
212:Non-spectral colors
204:continuous spectrum
172:monochromatic light
2129:List of web colors
2124:List of RAL colors
1530:Color reproduction
1495:Lüscher color test
1332:Color of chemicals
1109:"Perceiving Color"
456:
254:
170:that is evoked by
160:
152:
2280:
2279:
2220:
2219:
2002:
2001:
1794:
1793:
1784:Theory of Colours
1626:
1625:
1538:Color photography
1490:Color preferences
1433:Impossible colors
1423:Color vision test
1418:Color temperature
1396:Color calibration
1325:Animal coloration
1078:with overlapping
1032:Impossible colors
957:
956:
440:basic color terms
299:between RGB pure
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2300:
2270:
2269:
2260:
2259:
2060:
1926:Color dimensions
1915:Human skin color
1805:
1682:Analogous colors
1648:
1634:
1560:Color management
1477:Color psychology
1443:Opponent process
1359:Color perception
1278:
1257:
1250:
1243:
1234:
1227:
1226:
1208:
1202:
1201:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1156:
1150:
1149:
1129:
1120:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1088:
1072:
1066:
1055:
994:(a mixture of a
501:
483:
473:
459:
192:visible spectrum
174:, i.e. either a
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
71:"Spectral color"
64:
40:
32:
21:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2248:
2216:
2133:
2051:
2008:
1998:
1921:
1900:Blue in culture
1871:
1790:
1737:Secondary color
1713:
1670:black-and-white
1642:
1635:
1622:
1524:
1510:National colors
1505:Political color
1485:Color symbolism
1471:
1401:Color constancy
1379:Color blindness
1353:
1310:Spectral colors
1267:
1261:
1231:
1230:
1223:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1131:
1130:
1123:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1073:
1069:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1038:Metallic colors
1018:line of purples
962:
382:
367:
309:RGB color space
241:line of purples
236:
224:
222:In color spaces
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
18:Spectral colors
15:
12:
11:
5:
2306:
2304:
2296:
2295:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2264:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2228:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2012:
2010:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:Color history
1894:
1893:
1892:
1881:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
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1824:
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1813:
1811:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1780:
1779:(Schopenhauer)
1772:
1767:
1764:Color analysis
1761:
1759:Color triangle
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1723:
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1715:
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1609:
1608:
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1606:
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1595:
1594:
1579:
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1577:
1572:
1565:Color printing
1562:
1557:
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1550:
1545:
1534:
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1523:
1522:
1517:
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1507:
1502:
1500:Kruithof curve
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1492:
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1479:
1473:
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1414:
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1403:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:Sonochromatism
1363:
1361:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
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1339:
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1259:
1252:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1203:
1196:
1178:
1151:
1140:(4): 225–229.
1121:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1067:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1007:
1002:(a mixture of
988:
967:
961:
958:
955:
954:
952:
950:
946:
945:
942:
940:
938:
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:
922:
918:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
904:
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899:
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891:
888:
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875:
872:
868:
867:
864:
860:
859:
856:
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851:
848:
843:
839:
838:
835:
830:
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821:
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804:
800:
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791:
786:
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781:
778:
773:
768:
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758:
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741:
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733:
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724:
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685:
682:
678:
677:
674:
669:
664:
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637:
636:
633:
629:
628:
625:
621:
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613:
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586:
582:
581:
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573:
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563:
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556:
555:
552:
548:
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544:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
504:
503:
493:
488:
485:
475:
465:
381:
378:
366:
363:
293:primary colors
282:spectral locus
230:
223:
220:
178:with a single
164:spectral color
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2265:
2263:
2255:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:organizations
2005:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1950:Pastel colors
1948:
1947:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1868:
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1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Primary color
1730:
1729:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1699:Light-on-dark
1697:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
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144:decomposition
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112:December 2009
104:
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73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1982:Fluorescence
1945:Colorfulness
1938:Dichromatism
1782:
1774:
1744:Chromaticity
1727:Color mixing
1719:Color theory
1652:Color scheme
1515:Chromophobia
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727:Yellow-Green
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525:
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510:
491:CRC Handbook
444:
427:
411:
395:Isaac Newton
392:
385:
383:
374:color vision
368:
347:color models
344:
325:
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281:
258:color spaces
255:
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147:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
2119:Color chart
1977:Iridescence
1809:Basic terms
1800:Color terms
1754:Color wheel
1749:Color solid
1613:Color space
1599:subtractive
1582:Color model
1453:Unique hues
1349:Colorimetry
1315:Chromophore
1167:(11): 627.
1059:HSL and HSV
447:color terms
387:color terms
371:dichromatic
301:color wheel
262:dimensional
2139:Shades of:
1972:Brightness
1704:Web colors
1660:Color tool
1643:philosophy
1548:Color cast
1448:Afterimage
1438:Metamerism
1411:Color code
1406:Color task
1389:Dichromacy
1095:References
649:Blue-Green
418:blue-green
407:Roy G. Biv
328:scientific
180:wavelength
82:newspapers
1989:Grayscale
1962:Lightness
1957:Luminance
1766:(fashion)
1466:The dress
1020:(such as
973:Grayscale
487:Malacara
336:Rec. 2020
266:luminance
184:frequency
2287:Category
2262:Category
2244:Lighting
1967:Darkness
1787:(Goethe)
1587:additive
1575:Quattron
478:ISCC-NBS
432:ISCC-NBS
423:ISCC-NBS
403:mnemonic
399:Newton's
297:distance
2226:Related
2187:Magenta
2112:history
2016:Pantone
1303:Visible
1298:Rainbow
1022:magenta
996:reddish
428:average
332:Pantone
270:surface
208:rainbow
190:in the
140:rainbow
96:scholar
2239:Qualia
2234:Vision
2182:Purple
2177:Violet
2157:Yellow
2152:Orange
1847:Orange
1842:Purple
1832:Yellow
1266:topics
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1194:
1085:cones'
1010:Violet
1004:orange
983:, and
794:Orange
789:Orange
776:Orange
771:Yellow
766:Orange
753:Yellow
748:Yellow
706:Yellow
571:Indigo
526:Violet
521:Violet
516:Violet
511:Violet
468:Newton
449:. The
416:and a
359:purity
351:CIELUV
286:CIEXYZ
200:lasers
198:(e.g.
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2293:Color
2272:Index
2212:Black
2202:White
2197:Brown
2162:Green
2064:Lists
2056:Names
2038:(CIE)
2007:Color
1867:Brown
1862:White
1852:Black
1822:Green
1641:Color
1337:Water
1293:Light
1264:Color
1112:(PDF)
1063:gamut
1045:Notes
1000:brown
985:black
977:white
731:104°
718:113°
710:117°
697:122°
693:Green
684:126°
676:143°
672:Green
662:Green
653:190°
644:Green
635:226°
627:238°
619:242°
611:245°
593:247°
580:249°
562:249°
554:249°
546:250°
538:250°
530:250°
278:curve
246:white
188:light
168:color
166:is a
142:is a
103:JSTOR
89:books
2207:Gray
2192:Pink
2172:Blue
2167:Cyan
1857:Gray
1837:Pink
1817:Blue
1604:CMYK
1217:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1057:The
1026:rose
1024:and
992:pink
981:gray
949:750
937:740
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798:14°
785:590
780:28°
762:580
757:62°
744:570
739:93°
736:560
723:550
715:540
702:530
689:520
681:510
667:Cyan
658:500
640:490
632:480
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616:460
607:Blue
602:Blue
598:450
589:Blue
585:440
576:Blue
567:430
559:420
551:410
543:400
535:390
507:380
239:the
214:(or
75:news
2147:Red
1933:Hue
1827:Red
1592:RGB
1169:doi
1142:doi
1014:red
966:not
944:0°
932:0°
924:0°
916:0°
908:0°
898:0°
890:0°
882:0°
874:1°
866:1°
858:1°
850:2°
846:Red
837:3°
833:Red
828:Red
819:5°
815:Red
806:7°
496:Hue
451:hue
436:hue
409:".
369:In
345:In
319:or
305:hue
256:In
186:of
182:or
148:all
58:by
2289::
1165:33
1163:.
1138:10
1136:.
1124:^
1114:.
979:,
463:nm
361:.
323:.
321:UV
317:IR
210:.
162:A
138:A
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119:(
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