821:, met with the governors of Nigeria's thirty-six states and representatives from Nigeria's Human Rights Commission and State Security to address the problems caused by SARS. After the meeting, the NEC directed the governors and the Federal Capital Territory Abuja to set up "judicial panels of inquiry" to investigate the various allegations of human rights violations carried out by SARS operatives. The panels, chaired by retired state judges with members from civil society groups, the Human Rights Commission, Citizens Mediation Centre, and two youth representatives, were directed to receive and investigate all complaints of police brutality including extra-judicial killings by police with the intention to bring justice for such victims and their families. The state governors were also charged with establishing proper oversight over future police activity. Most states moved quickly to set up the SARS investigating panels. However, on 9 November 2020, the police filed a lawsuit claiming that the panels were unconstitutional and illegal, and that state governors had no constitutionally granted powers to oversee the police. On 3 December 2020, the Inspector General of Police (IGP) ordered an investigation into the origins of the police lawsuit. Without explanation, the police withdrew their lawsuit, though there is still a great deal of uncertainty about whether the panels will be truly independent and will be able to fulfill their charge. In November and December 2020, #ENDSARS protestors continued to be harassed by police.
716:, thousands of Nigerian youths marched in solidarity asking the government to end police brutality. In Benin City, police tear-gassed protestors and arrested some and charged them with treason and attempted murder. However, according to reports on Twitter and media websites, they were later released after the Attorney-General of the State asked the Police Commissioner to let them go, although arrested protestors were asked to come with a
25:
628:, Delta State. Video of the incident trended on social media, leading to nationwide protests within a few days. The protests quickly expanded from an online hashtag to widespread street protests in days. Popular Nigerian Twitter influencers Rinnu, FK, Kelvin Odanz, Dr. Dipo Awojide, and several others quickly joined in raising awareness of the protests, which gave End SARS protestors added weight and support.
2381:
654:, a protestor named Jimoh Isiaq was shot dead by police officers while participating in the #EndSARS protests. His death at the hands of police officers further increased the anger nationwide as he became a martyr for protesters. Several hashtags, including #EndPoliceBrutality and #RememberJimoh, trended on Twitter. On 10 October, a police station in
762:
that is added to tweets whenever the hashtag #EndSARS is used as a sign of support for
Nigerian protestors. On the same day, after a week and a half of widespread national protests, Vice President Yemi Osinbajo in a series of Twitter posts told Nigerians he chaired a meeting of 36 state governors and
344:
withdrew from checkpoints, security areas, and other points of interest for criminals; some police officers allegedly resigned while others fled for their lives. Due to the absence of police for two weeks, the crime rate increased. In response, SARS was formed with an initial force of fifteen men and
824:
On 22 October 2020, Nigerian
President Muhammadu Buhari confirmed in a publicly-aired address that SARS had been dismantled and also accused some members of SARS of committing "acts of excessive force" when the unit was operational. Plans were then put in place to prosecute some former SARS members
727:
groups, fundraised, and supplied protestors on the ground with food, medicine, and other supplies. Legal services were acquired and doctors were deployed on ground to administer first aid to protestors. Protestors had access to ambulance services obtained with funds donated by people in
Nigeria and
669:
to demand an end to SARS. The following morning, an emergency session of the Lagos House of
Assembly was held as lawmakers allowed some protestors into the building to observe proceedings. A motion was passed and agreed on by legislators who voted in favour of the protestors to end the rogue police
345:
two
Peugeot station wagons. Three police anti-robbery squads (the first of which was established in 1984) were already operating at that time, so Midenda needed to distinguish his squad from the existing teams. Midenda named his team the Special Anti-Robbery Squad. After two weeks of dialogue, the
766:
On 18 October 2020, the
Nigerian Army announced its annual training exercise "Operation Crocodile Smile VI", a program which included a cyber warfare exercise component that sought to identify, track, and counter "negative comments on social media across the country". The operation also sought to
676:
However, protests continued as
Nigerians believed the announcement was just "audio talk" (Nigerian slang used to describe something that is said but not implemented). The new hashtags #EndSWAT and #SARSMUSTEND went international as protestors called for the new unit to be scrapped as they thought
372:
In mid-1996, the SARS Lagos branch arrested two security guards at their place of work under suspicion of assisting in a robbery. The two guards were not charged with a crime when arrested. In
January 1997, the bodies of the guards were placed at a morgue without an explanation for their deaths.
454:
announced he would split the SARS unit into two unitsâan operational unit and an investigations unitâin order to curtail cases of human rights violations. In
September 2016, Pulse.ng compiled a report on Nigerian police brutality entitled "Meet SARS, the Police Unit with license to kill", which
311:, and polluting bodies of water with the illegal disposal of human remains. SARS was investigated several times in response to protests, but without results; reforms were promised in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The unit was disbanded on 11 October 2020 after worldwide protests under the motto "
579:
to reform SARS and carry out an independent investigation after "persistent complaints and reports" concerning human rights violations. After the order, the IGP announced that the unit would be renamed the
Federal Special Anti-Robbery Squad, a new head of the unit would be appointed, and the
539:
scrap and end the deployment of SARS. The public responded positively to the hashtag, with people all over Nigeria posting about their experiences with SARS. The campaign was reported by international media. By mid December, the campaign took to the streets with protests occurring in
688:
government unconstitutionally placed a ban on all forms of protests in the oil-rich state, asking police to arrest any defaulters. However, on 13 October, EndSARS protestors marched in defiance of the ban, all the way up to the State Government House, where the governor resides.
477:
On 21 August 2019, four SARS operatives were arrested and charged with murder after being caught on film manhandling and then shooting to death two suspected phone thieves in broad daylight. The suspected thieves were shot dead after they had already been arrested.
750:
In total, eight people including a 10-year-old boy were killed in Ogbomosho, Oyo State, by police bullets while at least three were shot dead in Lagosâincluding an auto mechanic who was not part of the protests but was killed by a SARS officer in Lagos.
2211:
121:
798:, inspector general of police (IGP), announced that the Federal Special Anti-Robbery Squad and other tactical squads must stop such operations, including traffic checks, "with immediate effect". On 11 October 2020, Adamu dismantled SARS.
551:
endured backlash over comments made by Public Relations Officer Jimoh Moshood, who accused the campaigners of being "criminals" and "robbers". Moshood also called for the campaigners to come forward so that SARS could investigate them.
335:
on September 1992, their arrest, a strike by police officers in response, and a subsequent crime wave. When the information about Rimdan's death and the police's complicity reached the army, soldiers were dispatched into the streets of
2150:
738:
was reportedly beaten by male police officers, and her car was damaged by police trucks chasing protestors in the streets of Abuja. Politicians and top government officials kept silent including presidential hopeful
631:
Peaceful #EndSARS protestors in Abuja, the nation's capital, were attacked, beaten, and chased away by federal police officers, but protestors returned as they took the protests to the Police Force Headquarters.
763:
the Minister of the FCT to set up judicial panels of inquiry, "so can see justice served, and fast". His statements came as protestors occupied streets and remained defiant until their demands are implemented.
2283:
786:. The number of casualties is disputed, with witnesses and Amnesty International saying several people were shot dead while Nigerian authorities claim there were no fatalities but that 25 people were wounded.
505:
During its formation, SARS was known to operate covertly. Operatives were not allowed to wear a police uniform or publicly carry guns or walkie-talkies, and were given unmarked vehicles that sometimes had no
469:
to arrest kidnappers in the area, several shots were fired in an attempt to subdue the kidnappers; one of these shots hit a pregnant woman who was reportedly killed instantly. An angry mob was said to have
2215:
2101:
2197:
805:
with the hashtag #EndSWAT, and demonstrations continued amid fears that police reform would not materialize. Protestors' fears were not assuaged by promises of adequate training for SWAT members.
731:
As the protests gained more momentum and exposure in Abuja, protestors returned in the thousands to the Police Headquarters and once again were shot at with water cannons and live ammunition.
450:
Following several reports of human rights violations submitted by members of the public to the office of the Inspector General of Police, on 7 August 2015, the then-Inspector General of Police
2264:
1896:
421:, had arrested three bicyclists and detained them for over one week while they were "beaten every night with the butt of a gun and iron belt". On 20 May 2010, a Federal High Court in
2332:
2142:
673:
On 11 October, the Inspector-General of Police Mohammed Adamu announced the disbandment of SARS on live television and said a new tactical team would be unveiled shortly.
2172:
432:
to produce a SARS officer who had shot dead a 15-year-old boy at his high school. According to the SARS officer, the teen was mistaken for a kidnapper. On 27 July 2010,
2279:
575:
ordered with immediate effect the "overhaul" of SARS following reports of human rights violation. The acting president ordered the Inspector General of Police (IGP)
1246:
2301:
2128:
747:
shot and killed several protestors. Several young people were injured and their cars damaged, while others were brutalized by police officers in police stations.
1127:
2354:
980:
911:
1878:
1149:
1111:
1134:
2048:
1156:
2091:
1713:
2189:
1056:
2552:
2317:
1948:
1487:
801:
The IGP said that a new unit, called Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT), would replace SARS. Within hours of the announcement, some Nigerians took to
2260:
925:
2486:
1687:
1298:
728:
abroad including donations via bitcoin and lawyers went from city to city providing arrested protestors with representation and facilitating bails.
1892:
883:
2547:
2519:
2496:
662:, was attacked by protestors angry over the death of Jimoh Isiaq and several others who had died at the hands of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad.
1416:
2509:
391:
in Nigerian universities, SARS operatives infiltrated them and made several successful arrests, but in the process harassed innocent people.
361:
2514:
426:
256:. It was part of the Force Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department (FCIID), headed by the then Deputy Inspector General of Police
723:
The End SARS protests were largely decentralized with no actual leaders, though there were protest organizers in several cities who created
2476:
2453:
462:
detailed extensive torture and detainment without trial. The report detailed SARS forcing confessions, withholding food, and other abuses.
604:
of Force Criminal Investigations Department and Commissioners of Police in each state would be held accountable for actions of the SARS.
2562:
2463:
2076:
1665:
1007:
601:
2212:"#EndSARS: IGP orders investigations into alleged suit challenging State's Judicial Panel of Inquiry and queries Force legal officer"
1791:
624:
Efforts to ban SARS increased in October 2020 after a SARS police officer shot a young Nigerian man in front of the Wetland Hotel in
2347:
1925:
364:, and was established to detain, investigate, and prosecute those involved in violent crimes such as armed robbery and kidnapping.
1843:
1638:
1070:
531:
that demanded an end to SARS brutality in the country. The campaign started on social media from the hashtag #EndSARS, created by
2504:
2432:
1444:
2164:
1540:
2420:
1030:
2408:
1364:
1084:
666:
556:
536:
1765:
1326:
2441:
2390:
2340:
1272:
2297:
2120:
2446:
1352:
Nigeria: âYou have signed your death warrantâ : Torture and other ill treatment in the Special Anti-Robbery Squad
1124:
952:
597:
1169:
901:
383:
In 2009, after several years of operations, the squad grew in number and strength. Due to the increased presence of
380:, for failing to pay a bribe. The operative was removed from their SARS position and arrested on charges of murder.
2367:
1870:
1195:
1146:
1099:
977:
United States Department of State, U.S. Department of State Country Report on Human Rights Practices 1993 - Nigeria
507:
388:
152:
2015:
2044:
1589:
1461:
906:
640:
494:
417:
disclosed that it would be suing the Nigerian Police over human rights abuses, stating that SARS operatives in
643:, showed federal police tear-gassing protestors, shooting live ammunition, and using water cannons on them.
1052:
429:
324:
2481:
1615:
1513:
842:
264:
182:
1972:
35:
2398:
2371:
2363:
869:
775:
767:
confiscate arms and ammunition that had been used in violent crimes that escalated during the protests.
592:
ordered the immediate decentralization of SARS. The unit was centralized from the force headquarters in
459:
414:
1247:"How Police Personnel Raked In 9.35Billion Naira From Roadblocks In The Southeast-Nigeria In 18 Months"
436:
published an extensive editorial report detailing how SARS and other police units had made a profit of
1818:
2526:
2471:
2096:
659:
576:
548:
444:
350:
268:
233:
795:
257:
771:
619:
308:
292:
241:
1739:
327:. The inciting events that spurred SARS formation were the killing of Colonel Ezra Dindam Rimdan (
2427:
2071:
814:
1871:"#EndSARS: Nigerian Army To Unleash Operation Crocodile Smile As Anonymous Targets Its Website"
2557:
2092:"End SARS: Details of Osinbajo's emergency meeting with Governors, IGP, CBN, military, others"
1390:
1078:
560:
486:
323:
The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was founded in late 1992 by former police commissioner
2280:"Threats, detentions and frozen assets: Nigeria's protesters depict pattern of intimidation"
874:
697:
433:
384:
2066:
1351:
999:
700:, protestors marched asking for an end to police brutality and the disbandment of SARS. In
2143:"#EndSARS: Governors take charge, to set up probe panels, supervise police tactical units"
1153:
1131:
759:
341:
1714:"After Osinbajo's Order, Police Rename SARS 'Federal Special Anti-Robbery Squad' (FSARS)"
589:
528:
524:
437:
396:
300:
249:
440:
9.35 billion ($ 60 million) from roadblocks and extortion within 18 months.
2541:
2415:
2403:
1303:
1227:
818:
572:
451:
346:
328:
296:
280:
447:
discovered an attempt by SARS operative Musa Agbu to bomb the Force's headquarters.
165:
Section 214 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended)
1976:
1893:"#ENDSARS: Operation Crocodile Smile VI begins across Nigeria as protest continues"
735:
685:
1222:
399:
with dreadlocks, piercings, cars, expensive phones and risque means of expression.
2261:"#EndSARS: Uncertainty trails Delta judiciary panel as members threatens boycott"
2241:
1989:
1911:
1562:
1022:
976:
802:
755:
740:
670:
unit SARS and sent the recommendations of the House to the Federal Government.
422:
377:
709:
705:
288:
245:
200:
2318:"Young Nigerians Came to Protest Police Brutality. Then the Shooting Started"
2016:"More Nigerian protests against police brutality as reforms fail to convince"
1590:"Young Nigerians are calling for a brutal special police unit to be scrapped"
713:
655:
651:
647:
490:
455:
highlighted the brutality and ignorance of the squad's rules of engagement.
284:
272:
926:"The Killing Force: Nigeria Police Turn Their Guns on Defenceless Citizens"
677:
several members of the defunct SARS would be integrated into the new unit.
395:
What SARS became was a national scourge that witch-hunt machinery against
120:
1740:"Nigeria's acting president orders overhaul of controversial police unit"
744:
724:
701:
613:
471:
418:
312:
2214:. The Government & Business Journal. 3 December 2020. Archived from
1844:"Fatal police shooting video of Nigerian man reignites call to #EndSARS"
1488:"Ikechukwu narrates how he was kidnapped by men of SARS [Video]"
758:
revealed a new #ENDSARS emoji on Twitter that carries the colors of the
357:. In November 1992, the SARS unit was officially commissioned in Lagos.
2380:
2375:
1949:"Nigeria to disband Sars police unit accused of killings and brutality"
783:
681:
625:
532:
276:
253:
237:
112:
2190:"Presidency Expresses Shock as Police Move to Stop Judicial Inquiries"
1688:"Nigeria: SARS overhaul is a positive step but reforms must be robust"
1073:. Nigeria Police Force. Archived from the original on 1 October 2020.
879:
717:
693:
466:
2315:
Parkinson, Joe; Hinshaw, Drew; Akingbule, Gbenga (23 October 2020).
2242:"End Sars protests: The Nigerian women leading the fight for change"
1223:"Nigeria: Ovoko Killing - Court Orders IG to Produce Police Officer"
1639:"#EndSARS: We won't scrap SARS, Police reply anti-SARS campaigners"
1147:
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 - Nigeria (Page 2)
902:"Nigeria's SARS: A brief history of the Special Anti-Robbery Squad"
485:, Lagos, allegedly kidnapped, tortured, and robbed Nigerian rapper
376:
In October 2005, a SARS operative killed a bus driver in Obiaruku,
1232:
1107:
779:
593:
541:
482:
354:
337:
332:
204:
404:
Motoani Alake, "#EndSARS: What exactly is the status of SARS?",
353:
came to an understanding, and official police duties resumed in
304:
2336:
1926:"Nigeria special police unit reined in after abuse allegations"
1445:
Police arrest officers who killed suspected Lagos phone thieves
41:
Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and
1993:
1365:"Police Commiserates With Family Of Woman Killed By Operative"
636:
236:
unit created in late 1992 to deal with crimes associated with
18:
2121:"Police withdraws suit to stop #EndSARS investigating panels"
1990:"End Swat: Nigerians reject police unit replacing hated Sars"
1462:"How SARS kidnapped, assaulted, robbed me âRapper, Ikechukwu"
1299:"Police IG splits anti-robbery squad, SARS, to check abuses"
953:"Hands in the hair: Nigerian police and men with dreadlocks"
465:
On 10 August 2019, while SARS operatives were on a raid in
2165:"#EndSARS: List of States with Judicial Panels of inquiry"
1071:"Force Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department"
580:
provision of human rights desk officers to check reports.
2067:"Nigeria's Police Brutality Crisis: What's Happening Now"
1912:"End Sars protests: People 'shot dead' in Lagos, Nigeria"
1125:
Nigeria Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997
635:
Several reports on international news outlets, including
216:
1417:"Ijegun mob beats policeman to death for killing tailor"
362:
Force Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department
720:
to sign on their behalf before they would be released.
360:
At the time, SARS was one of the fourteen units in the
42:
778:
shot at End SARS protesters at the Lekki toll gate in
2184:
2182:
2115:
2113:
2111:
1616:"#EndSARS: Nigerians take to the Streets in Protest"
2495:
2462:
2389:
2065:Gladstone, Rick; Specia, Megan (14 November 2020).
1514:"How I founded SARS in the Police â RTD CP Midenda"
843:"How I founded SARS in the Police â RTD CP Midenda"
571:On 14 August 2018, the Acting President of Nigeria
210:
196:
191:
175:
158:
148:
140:
132:
108:
103:
95:
87:
82:
74:
69:
2316:
2298:"Full text of President Muhammadu Buhari's speech"
535:user @Letter_to_jack in a post demanding that the
489:for no clear reason. According to publications by
1766:"Meet SARS, the Police Unit with license to kill"
1327:"Meet SARS, the Police Unit with license to kill"
493:, SARS operatives forced Onunaku to make several
2278:George, Libby; Carsten, Paul (3 December 2020).
2045:"#EndSARS protests expose Nigeria's fault lines"
1792:"IGP Adamu orders immediate disbandment of SARS"
1273:"Police foil attempt to bomb Force Headquarters"
2047:. Bonn, Germany: DW Akademie. 20 October 2020.
1666:"Senator backs calls for Police SARS scrapping"
1170:"#EndSARS: What exactly is the status of SARS?"
1100:"SARS: What Nigerians want, what govt is doing"
895:
893:
481:On 5 September 2019, operatives of the SARS in
393:
1973:IGP announces new squad âSWATâ to replace SARS
340:in search of any and all police officers. The
2527:Federal Investigation and Intelligence Bureau
2348:
1910:Jones, Mayen; et al. (21 October 2020).
1541:"Nigerians want police's SARS force scrapped"
1440:
1438:
8:
2060:
2058:
1135:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
2235:
2233:
1157:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor
1053:"SARS Was Created When The Police Ran Away"
870:"For fourth time in 4 years, IGPs ban SARS"
2355:
2341:
2333:
2300:. Vanguard News Nigeria. 22 October 2020.
2039:
2037:
1391:"UPDATE: Mob kills policeman, injures two"
1046:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1563:"Nigeria anger at police brutality video"
2487:Economic and Financial Crimes Commission
2090:Nwachukwu, John Owen (27 October 2020).
1196:"Amnesty Slams Nigeria For Rights Abuse"
993:
991:
989:
331:) by police officers at a checkpoint in
263:SARS was controversial for its links to
1869:Akinkugbe, Precious (18 October 2020).
834:
2282:(revised ed.). Saltwire Network.
2267:from the original on 27 November 2020.
2175:from the original on 25 November 2020.
1947:Akinwotu, Emmanuel (11 October 2020).
1881:from the original on 15 December 2020.
1076:
510:or private plate numbers during duty.
66:
2304:from the original on 4 December 2020.
2286:from the original on 4 December 2020.
2240:Olaoluwa, Azeezat (1 December 2020).
2200:from the original on 4 December 2020.
2153:from the original on 22 October 2020.
2131:from the original on 4 December 2020.
2104:from the original on 1 November 2020.
2079:from the original on 22 October 2020.
2051:from the original on 21 October 2020.
1899:from the original on 1 November 2020.
1539:Salaudeen, Aisha (15 December 2017).
1114:from the original on 9 December 2020.
1059:from the original on 1 November 2020.
1033:from the original on 1 November 2020.
1010:from the original on 13 October 2020.
914:from the original on 22 October 2020.
458:A September 2016 report published by
307:of men and women, child arrests, the
7:
2477:National Drug Law Enforcement Agency
900:Malumfashi, Sada (22 October 2020).
886:from the original on 7 October 2020.
665:In Lagos, protestors marched to the
563:backed the call for scrapping SARS.
2259:Brisibe, Perez (11 November 2020).
1021:Ndlovu, Nqobani (26 October 2020).
2194:This Day (Thisday Newspapers Ltd.)
1637:Erunke, Joseph (3 December 2017).
1051:Olagunju, Doyin (4 October 2020).
1000:"How the mantra 'SARS' came about"
951:Salami, Lawal (19 December 2019).
868:Olatunji, Jacob (5 October 2020).
14:
1875:Techuncode News (formerly AskIfa)
1817:Opejobi, Seun (21 January 2019).
1614:Bella, Naija (11 December 2017).
1221:Nzomiwu, Emmanuel (19 May 2010).
1098:Usman, Evelyn (10 October 2020).
998:Sunday, Odita (12 October 2020).
825:for extortion, rape, and murder.
774:on the night of 20 October 2020,
474:two of the officers on the spot.
2553:2020 disestablishments in Africa
2379:
1895:. NaijaPledge. 20 October 2020.
1664:Busari, Kemi (5 December 2017).
1588:Kazeem, Yomi (4 December 2017).
817:(NEC), headed by Vice President
743:in Lagos, as police officers in
119:
23:
2548:1992 establishments in Nigeria
1104:Daily Vanguard (Vanguard News)
514:Reform and disbanding attempts
1:
2520:Chief of Defence Intelligence
1235:, Nigeria. Daily Independent.
979:, 30 January 1994 Refworld -
667:Lagos State House of Assembly
537:federal government of Nigeria
45:related to non-recent events.
36:slanted towards recent events
2510:National Intelligence Agency
2196:. Nigeria. 4 December 2020.
2149:. Nigeria. 15 October 2020.
1928:. Al Jazeera. 4 October 2020
567:Presidential reform attempts
2515:Defence Intelligence Agency
1819:"IGP Adamu disbands F-SARS"
754:On 16 October, Twitter CEO
427:Inspector General of Police
16:Former Nigerian police unit
2579:
2563:Law enforcement in Nigeria
2454:Chief of the Defence Staff
2022:. Reuters. 15 October 2020
1979:, accessed 18 October 2020
1451:, accessed 18 October 2020
1159:, accessed 18 October 2020
983:, accessed 18 October 2020
815:National Executive Council
617:
611:
226:Special Anti-Robbery Squad
153:Ministry of Police Affairs
70:Special Anti-Robbery Squad
2263:. Vanguard News Nigeria.
1083:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
734:Popular Twitter activist
596:since its inception; the
215:
127:
118:
1668:. Nigeria: Premium Times
1307:. Nigeria. 7 August 2015
1137:accessed 18 October 2020
813:On 15 October 2020, the
588:On 21 January 2019, IGP
159:Constituting instruments
104:Jurisdictional structure
2323:The Wall Street Journal
2169:Sahel Standard Magazine
1152:23 October 2020 at the
1130:23 October 2020 at the
430:Ogbonna Okechukwu Onovo
419:Borokiri, Port Harcourt
168:Nigeria Police Act 2020
109:Operations jurisdiction
2505:State Security Service
2482:Nigerian Mobile Police
1023:"Nigeria's dirty cops"
608:2020 End SARS campaign
527:spearheaded an online
519:2017 End SARS Campaign
411:
325:Simeon Danladi Midenda
265:extrajudicial killings
64:Law enforcement agency
2399:Nigerian Armed Forces
2372:intelligence agencies
1354:Amnesty International
776:Nigerian Armed Forces
660:South-Western Nigeria
600:also stated that the
557:8th National Assembly
460:Amnesty International
415:Amnesty International
269:forced disappearances
234:Nigerian Police Force
192:Operational structure
183:Local civilian police
2472:Nigeria Police Force
2421:Chief of Naval Staff
2171:. 25 November 2020.
577:Ibrahim Kpotun Idris
549:Nigeria Police Force
445:Nigeria Police Force
443:On 3 June 2011, the
351:Nigeria Police Force
2442:Ministry of Defence
2409:Chief of Army Staff
1772:. 23 September 2016
1333:. 23 September 2016
794:On 4 October 2020,
620:2020 Lekki shooting
385:internet fraudsters
309:invasion of privacy
293:illegal organ trade
242:motor vehicle theft
2433:Chief of Air Staff
2428:Nigerian Air Force
2218:on 3 December 2020
2072:The New York Times
1823:Daily Post Nigeria
1643:Vanguard Newspaper
1520:. 23 December 2017
1494:. 5 September 2019
1468:. 5 September 2019
849:. 23 December 2017
523:In December 2017,
2535:
2534:
1996:. 14 October 2020
1975:13 October 2020
1798:. 21 January 2019
1569:. 4 December 2017
1176:. 23 January 2019
932:. 7 November 2011
529:advocacy campaign
487:Ikechukwu Onunaku
425:ordered the then-
408:(23 January 2019)
222:
221:
60:
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682:Southern Nigeria
646:On 9 October in
584:Decentralization
561:Nigeria's Senate
434:Sahara Reporters
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83:Agency overview
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1253:. 27 July 2010
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796:Muhammed Adamu
791:
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772:Lekki massacre
612:Main article:
609:
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590:Mohammed Adamu
585:
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525:Segun Awosanya
520:
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508:license plates
502:
501:Modus operandi
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397:Nigerian youth
369:
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301:home invasions
258:Anthony Ogbizi
220:
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819:Yemi Osinbajo
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413:In May 2010,
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32:This article
30:
21:
20:
2497:Intelligence
2322:
2310:
2292:
2273:
2254:
2245:
2220:. Retrieved
2216:the original
2206:
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2168:
2159:
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2137:
2125:The Guardian
2124:
2095:
2085:
2070:
2024:. Retrieved
2019:
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1998:. Retrieved
1984:
1977:The Guardian
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1953:The Guardian
1952:
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1930:. Retrieved
1920:
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1852:. Retrieved
1847:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1822:
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1800:. Retrieved
1795:
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1774:. Retrieved
1769:
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1748:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1717:
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1696:. Retrieved
1691:
1682:
1670:. Retrieved
1659:
1647:. Retrieved
1642:
1632:
1620:. Retrieved
1618:. Bellanaija
1609:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:
1583:
1571:. Retrieved
1566:
1557:
1545:. Retrieved
1534:
1522:. Retrieved
1517:
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1496:. Retrieved
1491:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1465:
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1448:
1425:. Retrieved
1420:
1411:
1399:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1368:
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1347:
1335:. Retrieved
1330:
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1309:. Retrieved
1302:
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1281:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1250:
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1204:. Retrieved
1199:
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1178:. Retrieved
1173:
1164:
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1120:
1103:
1093:
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1004:The Guardian
1003:
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960:. Retrieved
956:
946:
934:. Retrieved
929:
920:
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873:
863:
851:. Retrieved
846:
837:
823:
812:
800:
793:
769:
765:
753:
749:
736:Aisha Yesufu
733:
730:
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691:
686:Rivers State
679:
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382:
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315:" occurred.
262:
229:
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223:
197:Headquarters
75:Abbreviation
61:
51:October 2020
48:
33:
2127:. Nigeria.
1914:. BBC News.
1848:guardian.ng
1828:26 February
1802:26 February
1776:26 February
1750:26 February
1724:26 February
1698:26 February
1573:26 February
1543:. Aljazeera
1524:26 February
1498:26 February
1472:26 February
1449:punchng.com
1427:26 February
1401:26 February
1375:26 February
1337:26 February
1311:26 February
1283:26 February
1257:26 February
1206:26 February
1110:, Nigeria.
1027:The Article
1006:. Nigeria.
962:26 February
936:26 February
882:, Nigeria.
853:25 February
790:Disbandment
756:Jack Dorsey
741:Bola Tinubu
639:Africa and
555:During the
423:Enugu State
378:Delta State
144:206 million
2542:Categories
2222:4 December
2026:16 October
2000:14 October
1958:22 October
1932:22 October
1854:17 October
1649:14 October
1622:14 October
1599:14 October
1547:14 October
1180:26 October
1055:. Zikoko.
907:Al Jazeera
829:References
710:Benin City
706:Ogun State
641:Al-Jazeera
618:See also:
289:kidnapping
246:kidnapping
201:Louis Edet
141:Population
136:923,768 km
1672:2 January
1645:. Nigeria
1421:P.M. News
1200:P.M. News
930:P.M. News
809:Aftermath
714:Edo State
656:Ijebu-Ode
652:Oyo State
648:Ogbomosho
368:Incidents
285:blackmail
273:extortion
96:Dissolved
2558:End SARS
2391:Military
2364:Military
2302:Archived
2284:Archived
2265:Archived
2246:BBC News
2198:Archived
2173:Archived
2151:Archived
2129:Archived
2102:Archived
2077:Archived
2049:Archived
1897:Archived
1879:Archived
1567:BBC News
1150:Archived
1128:Archived
1112:Archived
1079:cite web
1057:Archived
1031:Archived
1008:Archived
912:Archived
884:Archived
745:Surulere
725:WhatsApp
702:Abeokuta
680:Back in
614:End SARS
406:pulse.ng
402:â
349:and the
313:End SARS
254:firearms
232:) was a
2376:Nigeria
1744:Reuters
803:Twitter
784:Nigeria
770:In the
626:Ughelli
533:Twitter
472:lynched
319:History
281:framing
277:torture
238:robbery
211:Website
203:House,
128:Nigeria
113:Nigeria
880:Ibadan
718:surety
708:, and
694:Kaduna
684:, the
467:Ijegun
252:, and
88:Formed
1233:Lagos
1108:Lagos
981:UNHCR
780:Lagos
594:Abuja
542:Abuja
483:Lekki
355:Lagos
338:Lagos
333:Lagos
205:Abuja
2370:and
2224:2020
2028:2020
2002:2020
1960:2020
1934:2020
1856:2020
1830:2020
1804:2020
1778:2020
1752:2020
1726:2020
1700:2020
1674:2018
1651:2020
1624:2020
1601:2020
1575:2020
1549:2020
1526:2020
1500:2020
1474:2020
1429:2020
1403:2020
1377:2020
1339:2020
1313:2020
1285:2020
1259:2020
1208:2020
1182:2020
1085:link
964:2020
938:2020
855:2020
547:The
387:and
305:rape
230:SARS
224:The
133:Size
91:1992
78:SARS
2374:of
2020:CNN
1994:BBC
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650:in
637:BBC
602:DIG
598:IGP
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