225:. Cancelled-to-order stamps, also known as CTOs, are stamps that have been cancelled by a postal authority, but were never used to transmit mail. CTOs are created by postal authorities to sell the stamps cheaply to stamp collectors. Many Eastern European countries and others sold great numbers of CTOs to collectors in the 1950s–1990s strictly for revenue. CTOs often may be identified as the stamps still retain their original gum. Some authorities use the same canceller for all CTOs, and apply it very neatly in the corner of four stamps at one time. In some instances, the "cancellations" are actually printed as part of the stamp itself.
46:
391:
545:
426:
155:
341:
566:
54:
217:, also called "Socked on the nose" or SOTN, is a stamp collector's term for a cancellation, typically of circular design, centered on the postage stamp. Such cancellations are popular with some stamp collectors because of their neatness and the fact that the time, date, and location where the stamp was used may be readily seen. The prevalence of bulls-eye cancellations varies considerably by country and time period.
586:
556:
31:
576:
236:
174:
523:
the stamp or stamps to the cover or, in other words, if a genuine cancellation runs continuously over the stamp and adjacent portion of the envelope. However, one still may need to rule out the possibility that the cancellation was added later. Similarly, stamps that were cut in parts and used for a portion of the full value as
522:
Cancellations may also be used to prove that certain philatelic items are genuine. For example, forgers have fabricated many supposedly-valuable postal covers by adding genuine stamps and forged postal markings to pre-stamp covers. A cover can be shown to be genuine if a genuine cancellation "ties"
188:
were issued for cancelling devices or machines that increased (or were purported to increase) the difficulty of washing off and reusing postage stamps. These methods generally involved the scraping or cutting-away of part of the stamp, or perhaps punching a hole through its middle. (These forms of
146:
design. Initially, the ink used was red, but it was found that this could be cleaned off and the stamps reused, and so after a series of experiments, early in 1841 black cancelling ink was used, which was more permanent. The color of the stamps was also changed to red-brown so as to ensure that the
499:
Collectors generally view modern cancelled-to-order stamps or CTOs as philatelic junk, and they rarely have any significant value. Stamp catalogs commonly state whether their values for used stamps are for CTOs or for postally used examples. For example, the Scott
Catalog used value listings for
165:
Early cancellations were all applied by hand, commonly using hand stamps. Where hand stamps were not available, stamps often were cancelled by marking over the stamp with pen, such as writing an "x". Pen cancellations were used in the United States into the 1880s, and in a sense continue to this
444:
uses automated cancellations with computer-printed messaging. In this way, the corporation can automatically print promotional messages on each envelope while simultaneously cancelling the piece of mail. Messages change throughout the year, and include seasonal messages ("Merry
Christmas / Joyeux
437:
existing only for a limited time, usually one day, at special events, although there are frequently other pictorial cancellations that are not officially described as such—they are among what are called special cancellations and are special die-hubs added to machine cancels, which usually contain
150:
Britain soon abandoned the
Maltese crosses and in 1844 began to employ cancellations displaying numbers which referred to the location of mailing. A similar scheme was used for British stamps used abroad in its colonies and foreign postal services, with locations being assigned a specific letter
98:
to deface the stamp and to prevent its reuse. Cancellations come in a huge variety of designs, shapes, sizes, and colors. Modern cancellations commonly include the date and post office location where the stamps were mailed, in addition to lines or bars designed to cover the stamp itself. The term
475:
Cancellations may significantly affect the value of the stamps. Many stamps are rarer, and consequently much more expensive, in unused condition, such as the Penny Black, which in 1999, catalogued for $ 1,900 mint and $ 110 used. The reverse is true for some stamps, such as the hyperinflation
487:
Some stamp collectors are interested in the cancellations themselves, on or off cover, of a particular country or issue, or collect a specific type of cancellation, such as fancy cancels. Birth date cancels are also collected. There have been many published studies of the cancellations of many
438:
merely a slogan but sometimes contain a picture. There are a very few exceptions in which a particular post office uses a pictorial cancellation on all its mail. The range of allowable subjects is very broad, and may include a variety of commercial tie-ins, such as to movie characters.
103:" refers specifically to the part that contains the date and posting location, but the term is often used interchangeably with "cancellation" as it may serve that purpose. The portion of a cancellation that is designed to deface the stamp and does not contain writing is also called the "
142:. The postal authorities recognized there must be a method for preventing reuse of the stamps and simultaneously issued handstamps for use to apply cancellations to the stamps on the envelopes as they passed through the postal system. The cancels were handmade and depicted a
514:
Forgers have not only manufactured stamps for the philatelic market but also added forged cancellations to those stamps. This was especially common in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, when huge numbers of inexpensive stamps were forged for the packet trade.
495:
Historically, collectors disliked pen cancels and removed many of them, making the stamp appear unused or to add a fake cancellation. Today, early United States pen cancelled stamps still are worth considerably less than examples with hand stamped cancels.
262:
or wood in a great variety of designs such as stars, circles, flags, chickens, etc. These are known as fancy cancels and have been heavily studied by philatelists and collectors. One of the most famous is the "kicking mule" used in the
117:
with a printed or stamped cancellation and do not need to have a cancellation added. Cancellations can affect the value of stamps to collectors, positively or negatively. Cancellations of some countries have been extensively studied by
277:
are a type of machine cancellation incorporating a design of the United States flag with the stripes serving as the "killer". The first machine flag cancel (preceded by fancy cancels of flags) was used in Boston in
November–December
199:
Today, cancellations may either be applied by hand or machine. Hand cancellation is often used when sending unusually shaped mail or formal mail (e.g., wedding invitations) to avoid damage caused by machine cancellation.
518:
Forged cancellations have also been applied to genuine stamps if the stamps are worth much more postally used. In addition, if rare cancellations are desired by collectors, those cancellations have also been forged.
362:
refer to cancellations applied on mail sorted on trains. The first United States cancellation with the word "railroad" dates from 1838. The last
Railway Post Office (R.P.O.) operated by the United States closed in
488:
countries, some of which are listed below. Collectors who are interested in the cancellations themselves prefer bold, readable cancellations. Cancellations also are an integral part of the collection of
336:
include images associated with the commemoration of some event or anniversary. Some people attempt to use stamps relating to the theme of a pictorial cancellation on the envelope. See further below.
422:, a unique series that began in 1996, combines both a pictorial drawing and an event slogan in what USPS refers to as a cancellation series, even though it also contains a pictorial element.
203:
Postal meter stamps and similar modern printed to order stamps are not ordinarily cancelled by postal authorities because such stamps bear the date produced and can not readily be re-used.
419:
480:, which may be worth many times more if genuinely postally used. Where stamps are much more valuable in used condition than unused, it may be advisable to have such stamps
318:, which started using numerals in 1844, the shape of bars indicate the actual country of use. Numerals were also used in combination with a datestamp in duplex cancellations.
139:
1415:
937:
371:
were added to stamps that were mailed on or carried on a ship, commonly a steamer ship in the late 19th–early 20th centuries. In French, the cancellation reads "
477:
1341:
R. F. Hanmer, A collector's guide to U.S. Machine
Postmarks, 1871–1925: with examples of later types (D.G. Phillips Pub. Co. North Miami 3d rev. ed. 1989).
315:
911:
354:
are stamps that have been issued with printed cancellations on them, typically to mass mailers. Precancels cannot normally be used by the general public.
952:
298:
are automatically added by machines that rapidly process large numbers of envelopes. A 1903 silent film of an operating cancelling machine may be seen
468:
stamps which have the postmark on a corner or small portion of the stamp without obscuring the stamp itself, which ordinarily are more valuable than
1089:
787:
The tale of the kicking mule; a handbook dealing with the famous kicking mule cancellation used in several western towns in the "eighties"
472:. In order to get the postal clerk to cancel the stamps lightly, collectors may rubber-stamp or write "philatelic mail" on the envelope.
822:
864:
178:
1748:
524:
509:
761:
258:. In the second half of the 19th century, many postmasters in the United States and Canada cut their own cancelers from
407:
1367:
U.S. Cancels 1890–1900, with
Special Emphasis on the Fancy Cancels found on the 2¢ Red Definitive Stamps of this period
271:
are special cancellations with the date the stamp is first issued for sale and include the words "First day of issue."
196:
High speed cancellation machines were first used in Boston between 1880–1890 and subsequently throughout the country.
122:, and many stamp collectors and postal history collectors collect cancellations in addition to the stamps themselves.
433:
In the United States, official pictorial cancellations are almost invariably applied at special "stations", i.e.,
418:, which contain an image of some sort. Special cancellations are essentially a type of slogan cancellations. The
1753:
1676:
452:
also create special pictorial cancellations as they did in 1985 to mark the anniversary of the aircraft
Douglas
1743:
402:, India. Letters posted in this box will receive a pictorial cancellation with an image of the Kesava temple.
1696:
953:"USPS Building Bridge Special Postal Cancellation ~ Commemorating 30th Birthday of Lady Washington Tall Ship"
45:
35:
980:"Special Postal Cancellation Marks 100th Anniversary of Opening Day on both sides of the San Francisco Bay"
1616:
1166:
1127:
527:
can be shown to have been so used only if a genuine cancel ties the stamp to the cover or piece of cover.
166:
day, when a postal clerk notices a stamp has escaped cancellation and marks it with a ball point pen or
979:
1336:
The New Herst-Sampson catalog : a Guide to 19th century United States
Postmarks and Cancellations
1156:
Michel (2007) Übersee-Katalog. Band 1/1 Nordamerika 2007/2008. Unterschleissheim
Schwaneberger, p. 18.
390:
193:, a series of small holes punched in stamps, typically by private companies as an anti-theft device.)
1430:
Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890
544:
804:
608:
358:
565:
425:
290:
refers to cancels added in transit by portable mail-handling equipment for sorting mail in trucks.
931:
579:
267:
221:
213:
109:
1583:, 1972, with values expressed in Gulden (1 to 2500), published by W.H. De Munnik, 's-Gravenhage.
177:
1859 stamp of Sicily with deferential cancellation designed not to deface the "sacred image" of
1093:
744:
381:
contain a slogan, perhaps commemorative or advertising, in the killer box. See further below.
154:
95:
1267:
Victoria: the "Barred Numeral" Cancellations, 1856–1912, and the post offices which used them
830:
231:
is a cancellation designed so as not to deface the image of the ruler or regent on the stamp.
1723:
1602:
1412:
Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864
1014:
449:
340:
294:
1054:
1039:
1027:
748:
585:
500:
the German Democratic Republic are for CTOs from 1950 through mid-1990, over 2700 stamps.
259:
62:
53:
456:. A special handstamp was created depicting a Dakota flying "free" and not "boxed in".
1004:
Top-flight honour for schoolboy - Front Page - Lincolnshire Standard - 13 December 1985
870:
536:
489:
184:
In the early period of the issuance of postage stamps in the United States a number of
87:
1302:
The Philatelic and Postal History of Hong Kong and the Treaty Ports of China and Japan
1737:
1407:
613:
569:
481:
254:
246:
143:
131:
91:
17:
851:
367:
151:
followed by a number, such as A01 used in Kingston, Jamaica, or D22 for Venezuela.
119:
58:
1191:
Stanley Gibbons GREAT BRITAIN Specialized Stamp Catalogue, Vol. I, Queen Victoria
1488:(Agassiz-Harrison Printers & Stationers Ltd., Agassiz British Columbia 2007)
1472:
Catalogue of Canadian railway cancellations and related transportation postmarks
912:"Post Office marks 70 years of music recording in Berkeley with special postmar"
618:
555:
441:
434:
314:
are cancels whereby number were used to identify specific post offices. For the
135:
1253:
Collect British Postmarks: Handbook to British Postal Markings and Their Values
599:
Philatelic dealers and auctioneers may use entirely different sets of symbols.
330:
to deface the stamp, and were more common in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
30:
1666:
765:
559:
395:
322:
167:
159:
1718:
1621:
The Postmarks of the Orange Free State and the Orange River Colony, 1868–1910
1713:
1686:
1681:
1388:
The Complete Pricing Guide of United States 20th Century Fancy Cancellations
1274:
The Cancellations of New Zealand: with notes on the early philatelic history
399:
350:
308:
refers to a cancellation that includes no writing and thus "does not speak."
1576:, with values expressed in Points), published by J.L. Van Dieten (Den Haag)
299:
1374:
United States Cancellations, 1845–1869:Unusual and Representative Markings
1315:
The Postal History of the British Colonies: Hong Kong, Volume 1: 1841–1958
1423:
Die Poststempel auf der Freimarken-Ausgabe 1867 von Österreich und Ungarn
548:
100:
1728:
1603:
PEROU Oblitérations postales de 1857 à 1873, Classification et cotation
918:. Cityside Building Community Through Journalism. Berkelyside Newspaper
575:
190:
39:
1346:
Fancy Cancellations on Nineteenth Century United States Postage Stamps
1708:
641:(American Philatelic Society, State College, PA rev. ed. 1990) p. 20.
445:
Noel") and promotional messages (such as Canada Post's web address).
185:
1544:, 1983 (for cancellations still in use after unification of Germany)
235:
173:
1558:, Uitgave van Van Dieten Boeken, 1972 (with prices for 259 numbers)
850:
There are regulations pertaining to the special cancellations. See
805:"Glossary of Stamp-Collecting Terms For New Collectors - Linns.com"
741:
424:
389:
339:
234:
172:
153:
66:
52:
44:
29:
1147:(American Philatelic Society, State College, PA 1993), Chapter 6.
1671:
1414:, Wien 1961, including a unique valuation system referred to as
1395:
Fancy Cancellations on 19th Century United States Postage Stamps
1309:
Cancellations of the Treaty Ports of Hong Kong, 1850–1930 (1998)
884:
453:
1709:
Silent Video (mpg) from 1903 of operation of Cancelling Machine
1729:
Cancelled stamps with your birth date in the cancellation mark
1714:
Pictorial Cancellations Handbook, United States Postal Service
1281:
New Zealand pictorial and special event date stamps, 1882–2002
551:
cancels (used in less precise catalogues for any cancellation)
484:
to confirm that the cancellation is genuine and contemporary.
327:
1574:
The Halfround Postmarks on the First Issue of the Netherlands
1467:(British North America Philatelic Society Ltd., Ottawa 2007).
1134:(3d Ed. reprint, Manuka-Ainslie Press, Acton, Canberra n.d.).
852:
Philatelic (Stamp Collecting) Services: Special Cancellations
762:"Glossary of Terms for the Collector of United States Stamps"
1691:
1260:
Queensland cancellations and other postal markings 1860–1913
539:
uses a set of symbols for different types of cancellations:
1581:
De Naam - of Langstempel van Nederland, met prijsnoteringen
1183:
Scott 1999 Specialized Catalogue of U.S.Stamps & Covers
891:. Contra Costa Newspapers. Contra Costa Times. 4 April 1996
284:
are cancellations added by means of a hand stamping device.
429:
A 1929 pictorial cancellation promoting the use of airmail
1460:(British North America Philatelic Society, Toronto 1963).
1329:
Cancellations and Killers of the Banknote Era, 1870–1894
1237:
John Parmenter, Michael Goodman, & John Saylor Jr.,
1232:
Catalogue of the postal markings of Dublin, c. 1840–1922
420:
USPS Building Bridges Special Postal Cancellation Series
1444:
Catalogue spécialisé des oblitérations belges 1849–1910
1376:(American Philatelic Society, State College, PA 1980).
1269:(Royal Philatelic Society of Victoria, Melbourne 1963).
1262:(Royal Philatelic Society of Victoria, Melbourne 1977).
698:, London & Ringwood (89th ed. 1986), pp. GB65-GB72.
27:
Postal marking to deface a stamp and prevent its re-use
1458:
Canadian Fancy Cancellations of the Nineteenth Century
1331:(U.S. Philatelic Classics Society Columbus, OH 1995).
1211:
The Postmarks of Great Britain and Ireland, 1660–1940
57:
1929 machine cancellation used to cancel 1d stamp on
1637:(Hellenic Philatelic Society of Great Britain, 1994)
1479:
2000 postmarks of Prince Edward Island, 1814 to 1995
49:
Hand stamp of the type used to cancel postage stamps
1353:
Twentieth Century United States Fancy Cancellations
1115:
Scott 1999 Standard Postage Stamp Catalogue, Vol. 3
1635:Greek Rural Postmen and Their Cancellation Numbers
1537:, 1974 Selbstverlag (the famous German horseshoes)
696:Stamp Catalogue, Part 1, British Commonwealth 1987
1304:(1961, reprinted James Bendon, Ltd., Cyprus 1991)
1276:(Kiwi Publishers Christchurch, N.Z. 1926 (1995)).
1057:, Germany, no. 161-321 and note preceding no.161.
1570:De Halfrondstempels op de Emissie 1852 Nederland
1295:Numbers in Early Indian Cancellations, 1855–1884
1288:The cancellations of the Rhodesias and Nyasaland
1283:(North Shore Philatelic Society, Auckland 2002).
414:which have a caption publicizing an event, and
250:includes a postmark as well as the cancellation.
1719:Classic Stamps and Postmarks on Stamps of Spain
1649:Illustrated Ottoman Turkish Postmarks 1840–1929
1521:BAYERN Spezialkatalog, Handbuch Kreuzerausgaben
1338:(D.G. Phillips Pub. Co. North Miami, FL 1989).
1013:Special Dakota Cover Inside Information Card -
730:Lettera & Francobollo: Raccontiamola giusta
1563:Catalogus der Kleinrond stempels van Nederland
394:This post box is located at a historical site
1465:Fancy cancels on Canadian stamps 1855 to 1950
1246:The Postal Cancellations of London, 1840–1890
1050:
1048:
8:
1651:(Tűrk Posta Damgalari) (10 vols in process).
936:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
799:
797:
795:
81:
1514:Altdeutschland Spezial-Katalog und Handbuch
1481:(Retrospect Pub., Charlottetown, PEI 1996).
1386:William R. Weiss Jr. & Foster W. Loso,
1213:(Alcock, Cheltenham 1940)(and supplements).
464:Generalist stamp collectors usually prefer
316:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1642:Postal Cancellations of the Ottoman Empire
1360:United States Postal Slogan Cancel Catalog
910:Taylor, Mary Corbin, Tracy (16 Nov 2018).
866:USPS: Celebrating With Pictorial Postmarks
1593:Joseph Schatzkes (rev. Karl H. Shimmer),
1204:Great Britain, Ireland & Commonwealth
1672:The International Machine Cancel Society
1556:Catalogus der Puntstempels van Nederland
1348:(Shrub Oak, New York 3rd rev. ed. 1963).
1239:Barred Numeral Cancellations, Vols. I-IV
1132:Album Weeds; How to Detect Forged Stamps
1117:Germany listings, note preceding no. 68.
1030:, note preceding Great Britain listings.
712:
710:
708:
706:
704:
666:
664:
651:
649:
647:
189:cancellation must be distinguished from
1644:(Christie's-Robson Lowe, London –1995).
1383:(Philatelic Foundation, New York 1992).
1225:The Cancellations of the 1841 Penny Red
885:"Unique Postal Cancellation Marks Expo"
630:
1724:French numeral cancellations 1852–1876
1640:John H. Coles & Howard E. Walker,
1595:The Cancellations of Mexico, 1856–1874
1528:Hannover Postanstalten und Poststempel
929:
1542:Nachverwendete Altdeutschland-Stempel
1223:Robert Danzig & David Goldsmith,
1218:British Post Office Numbers 1844–1906
7:
682:
670:
359:Railway post office (R.P.O.) cancels
1628:Paquebot Cancellations of the World
1502:(La Poste aux Letters, Paris 1975).
1393:Michel Zareski & Herman Herst,
1372:Hubert C. Skinner & Amos Eno,
1362:(Spring Valley, N.Y. rev. ed 1968).
386:Pictorial and special cancellations
1397:(Shrub Oak, NY. 3d rev. ed. 1962).
1227:(Philatelic Imprint, London 1991).
742:Glossary of Stamp Collecting Terms
25:
1185:(Scott Pub. Co. Sidney, OH 1998).
239:Fancy cancel on 1872 Canada stamp
1697:Bullseye Cancel Collectors' Club
1677:U.S. Philatelic Classics Society
1381:U.S. postmarks and cancellations
1369:(David G. Phillips Co. c. 1985).
1290:(Robson Lowe Ltd., London 1950).
1209:R.C. Alcock & F.C. Holland,
1066:See External Links: Other, below
789:(Printcraft Shop, Wichita 1949).
584:
574:
564:
554:
543:
1143:See, e.g., Jean-François Brun,
448:Other post offices such as the
1597:(W.E. Shelton n.p. 1983).
1535:Die Deutschen Hufeisen Stempel
1500:France Obliterations 1849–1876
986:. United States Postal Service
959:. United States Postal Service
510:Philatelic fakes and forgeries
326:refer to the use of a writing
1:
1076:
1015:Isle of Man Philatelic Bureau
716:
655:
450:Isle of Man Philatelic Bureau
147:cancellation showed clearly.
732:Reggiani, Italy 2008, p. 16.
408:United States Postal Service
344:U.S. 1938 precancelled stamp
1682:The Precancel Stamp Society
1355:(Somerset Press, c. 1952).
1297:(Robson Lowe, London 1970).
1255:(British Postmark Society).
1234:(M.P.Giffney, Dublin 1981).
288:Highway post office cancels
1770:
1486:Slogan Postmarks Of Canada
1474:(L.M. Ludlow, Tokyo 1982).
1279:Tom Lee & John Watts,
1220:(Alcock, Cheltenham 1971).
507:
158:An 1851 U.S. stamp with a
113:. Some stamps are issued
1692:Post Mark Collectors Club
1667:The US Cancellations Club
639:Fundamentals of Philately
592:Ⓢ special-issue postmarks
282:Handstamped cancellations
1687:British Postmark Society
1199:Studies of cancellations
854:(retrieved 15 June 2007)
470:heavily cancelled stamps
229:Deferential cancellation
1633:Derek Willan (editor),
1390:(W.R. Weiss Jr. 1987).
1042:, Great Britain, no. 1.
416:pictorial cancellations
334:Pictorial cancellations
34:Numeral 70 identifying
1749:Philatelic terminology
430:
410:distinguishes between
403:
345:
240:
207:Types of cancellations
181:
162:
82:
69:
50:
42:
1617:Archibald G.M. Batten
1145:Out-Foxing the Fakers
1079:values for nos. 1-39.
428:
412:special cancellations
393:
343:
295:Machine cancellations
238:
214:Bullseye cancellation
176:
157:
56:
48:
33:
1565:, 1972 (with prices)
1334:Kenneth L. Gilman,
1248:(H.F. Johnson 1950).
1167:Posta Aerea e Spazio
537:Michel stamp catalog
531:Cancellation symbols
379:Slogan cancellations
138:, issued in 1840 by
18:Special cancellation
1568:Dr. Fred. L. Reed,
1533:Friedrich SPALINK,
823:"Postal Cancel Art"
785:Lee Henry Cornell,
609:Postage stamp reuse
130:The first adhesive
80:for short; French:
38:, diamond bars for
1606:, 1964 (in French)
1530:, 1971 (in German)
1516:, 1975 (in German)
1477:G.Douglas Murray,
1432:, 1967 (in German)
1344:Herman Herst Jr.,
1017:- 17 December 1985
747:2012-04-12 at the
589:hole-punch cancels
580:cancelled-to-order
431:
404:
346:
275:Flag cancellations
268:First day of issue
241:
222:Cancelled-to-order
182:
163:
70:
51:
43:
1579:D.C. Hoogerdijk,
1484:Cecil C. Coutts,
1470:Lewis M. Ludlow,
1379:Scott R. Trepel,
1193:(16th ed. 2011).
1096:on March 18, 2015
978:Ruiz, Augustine.
951:Ruiz, Augustine.
809:Linn's Stamp News
694:Stanely Gibbons,
466:lightly cancelled
179:King Ferdinand II
96:postal stationery
16:(Redirected from
1761:
1754:Stamp collecting
1647:Resımlı Osmanli
1416:"Points Mueller"
1351:Foster W. Loso,
1307:Schoenfeld, H.
1272:R.J.G. Collins,
1216:George Brumell,
1194:
1186:
1169:
1165:Silvia Vaccari,
1163:
1157:
1154:
1148:
1141:
1135:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1092:. Archived from
1086:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1024:
1018:
1011:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
991:
975:
969:
968:
966:
964:
948:
942:
941:
935:
927:
925:
923:
907:
901:
900:
898:
896:
881:
875:
874:
869:, archived from
861:
855:
848:
842:
841:
839:
838:
829:. Archived from
819:
813:
812:
801:
790:
783:
777:
776:
774:
773:
764:. Archived from
758:
752:
739:
733:
728:Franco Filanci,
726:
720:
714:
699:
692:
686:
680:
674:
668:
659:
653:
642:
635:
595:Ⓣ date postmarks
588:
578:
568:
558:
547:
160:pen cancellation
85:
21:
1769:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1744:Postal markings
1734:
1733:
1705:
1663:
1658:
1626:Roger Hosking,
1600:Lamy et Rinck,
1526:A. von Lenthe,
1463:D.M. Lacelle,
1428:Wilhelm KLEIN,
1421:Edwin Mueller,
1402:Austria-Hungary
1265:J.R.W. Purves,
1258:H.M. Campbell,
1201:
1189:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1151:
1142:
1138:
1126:See generally,
1125:
1121:
1113:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1055:Scott Catalogue
1053:
1046:
1040:Scott Catalogue
1038:
1034:
1028:Scott Catalogue
1025:
1021:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
989:
987:
977:
976:
972:
962:
960:
950:
949:
945:
928:
921:
919:
909:
908:
904:
894:
892:
883:
882:
878:
863:
862:
858:
849:
845:
836:
834:
821:
820:
816:
803:
802:
793:
784:
780:
771:
769:
760:
759:
755:
749:Wayback Machine
740:
736:
727:
723:
715:
702:
693:
689:
683:Stanley Gibbons
681:
677:
671:Stanley Gibbons
669:
662:
654:
645:
637:L.N. Williams,
636:
632:
627:
605:
533:
512:
506:
462:
388:
312:Numeral cancels
209:
128:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1767:
1765:
1757:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1656:External links
1654:
1653:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1631:
1624:
1608:
1607:
1598:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1566:
1559:
1546:
1545:
1540:Peter FEUSER,
1538:
1531:
1524:
1523:, 1985 Bamberg
1517:
1504:
1503:
1498:Jean Pothion,
1490:
1489:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1461:
1448:
1447:
1446:, 1999 (nl-fr)
1434:
1433:
1426:
1419:
1399:
1398:
1391:
1384:
1377:
1370:
1365:Sol Salkind,
1363:
1356:
1349:
1342:
1339:
1332:
1327:James M Cole,
1319:
1318:
1311:
1305:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1277:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1251:J.T. Whitney,
1249:
1244:H.C. Westley,
1242:
1235:
1230:William Kane,
1228:
1221:
1214:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1187:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1158:
1149:
1136:
1119:
1107:
1081:
1068:
1059:
1044:
1032:
1019:
1006:
997:
970:
943:
902:
876:
873:on May 9, 2009
856:
843:
827:www.mcgees.org
814:
791:
778:
753:
734:
721:
700:
687:
675:
660:
643:
629:
628:
626:
623:
622:
621:
616:
611:
604:
601:
597:
596:
593:
590:
582:
572:
570:fiscal cancels
562:
552:
532:
529:
508:Main article:
505:
502:
490:postal history
461:
458:
387:
384:
383:
382:
376:
364:
355:
338:
337:
331:
319:
309:
303:
291:
285:
279:
272:
264:
251:
233:
232:
226:
218:
208:
205:
127:
124:
88:postal marking
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1766:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
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1722:
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1698:
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1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1661:Organizations
1660:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1630:(Oxted 1977).
1629:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1605:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:Latin America
1582:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1510:
1509:
1508:
1507:German States
1501:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1445:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1408:Edwin Mueller
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:United States
1316:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1293:D.R. Martin,
1292:
1289:
1285:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1268:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1219:
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1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1153:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1111:
1108:
1095:
1091:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1001:
998:
985:
981:
974:
971:
958:
954:
947:
944:
939:
933:
917:
913:
906:
903:
890:
886:
880:
877:
872:
868:
867:
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
833:on 2002-10-14
832:
828:
824:
818:
815:
810:
806:
800:
798:
796:
792:
788:
782:
779:
768:on 2007-09-13
767:
763:
757:
754:
750:
746:
743:
738:
735:
731:
725:
722:
718:
713:
711:
709:
707:
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684:
679:
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667:
665:
661:
657:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
634:
631:
624:
620:
617:
615:
614:Postage meter
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
600:
594:
591:
587:
583:
581:
577:
573:
571:
567:
563:
561:
557:
553:
550:
546:
542:
541:
540:
538:
530:
528:
526:
520:
516:
511:
503:
501:
497:
493:
491:
485:
483:
479:
473:
471:
467:
459:
457:
455:
451:
446:
443:
439:
436:
427:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
401:
397:
392:
385:
380:
377:
374:
370:
369:
365:
361:
360:
356:
353:
352:
348:
347:
342:
335:
332:
329:
325:
324:
320:
317:
313:
310:
307:
304:
301:
297:
296:
292:
289:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
269:
265:
261:
257:
256:
255:Fancy cancels
252:
249:
248:
247:duplex cancel
243:
242:
237:
230:
227:
224:
223:
219:
216:
215:
211:
210:
206:
204:
201:
197:
194:
192:
187:
180:
175:
171:
169:
161:
156:
152:
148:
145:
144:Maltese cross
141:
140:Great Britain
137:
133:
132:postage stamp
125:
123:
121:
116:
115:pre-cancelled
112:
111:
106:
102:
97:
93:
92:postage stamp
90:applied on a
89:
84:
79:
75:
68:
64:
60:
55:
47:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1573:
1569:
1562:
1561:H. Koopman,
1555:
1554:H. Koopman,
1548:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
1506:
1505:
1499:
1492:
1491:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1422:
1411:
1401:
1400:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1314:
1313:Proud, E.B.
1308:
1301:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1245:
1241:(1985–1988).
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1202:
1190:
1182:
1161:
1152:
1144:
1139:
1131:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1098:. Retrieved
1094:the original
1084:
1071:
1062:
1035:
1022:
1009:
1000:
988:. Retrieved
983:
973:
961:. Retrieved
956:
946:
920:. Retrieved
915:
905:
893:. Retrieved
888:
879:
871:the original
865:
859:
846:
835:. Retrieved
831:the original
826:
817:
808:
786:
781:
770:. Retrieved
766:the original
756:
737:
729:
724:
695:
690:
685:, pp. 51-55.
678:
638:
633:
598:
534:
521:
517:
513:
498:
494:
486:
474:
469:
465:
463:
447:
440:
435:post offices
432:
415:
411:
405:
378:
372:
368:Ship cancels
366:
357:
349:
333:
321:
311:
305:
293:
287:
281:
274:
266:
253:
245:
228:
220:
212:
202:
198:
195:
183:
164:
149:
129:
120:philatelists
114:
108:
105:obliteration
104:
83:oblitération
77:
74:cancellation
73:
71:
59:first flight
1549:Netherlands
1519:Peter SEM,
1512:Hans GROBE,
1456:K. M. Day,
1300:Webb, F.W.
1286:H.C. Dann,
1090:"Postmarks"
1026:See, e.g.,
619:Event cover
560:pen cancels
442:Canada Post
323:Pen cancels
306:Mute cancel
136:Penny Black
61:cover from
1738:Categories
1358:Moe Luff,
1128:R.B. Earée
1075:See, e.g,
837:2002-09-01
772:2009-05-07
625:References
482:expertised
476:stamps of
460:Collectors
396:Somnathpur
351:Precancels
1611:Elsewhere
932:cite news
916:Newspaper
889:Newspaper
504:Forgeries
400:Karnataka
1100:June 26,
1077:Scott US
984:USPS.com
957:USPS.com
745:Archived
717:Scott US
673:, p. 42.
656:Scott US
603:See also
549:postmark
373:Paquebot
134:was the
101:postmark
1623:(1972).
1437:Belgium
1176:Sources
719:p. 29A.
658:p. 30A.
478:Germany
191:perfins
186:patents
126:History
86:) is a
40:Ireland
1493:France
1451:Canada
1442:NIPA,
1425:, 1930
1317:(1989)
525:splits
263:1880s.
168:marker
110:killer
107:" or
78:cancel
63:Nassau
1703:Other
1572:(en:
990:9 Dec
963:9 Dec
922:9 Dec
895:9 Dec
363:1977.
278:1894.
67:Miami
36:Boyle
1102:2015
992:2020
965:2020
938:link
924:2020
897:2020
535:The
454:DC-3
406:The
300:here
260:cork
76:(or
398:in
328:pen
94:or
65:to
1740::
1619:,
1410:,
1130:,
1047:^
982:.
955:.
934:}}
930:{{
914:.
887:.
825:.
807:.
794:^
703:^
663:^
646:^
492:.
375:".
244:A
170:.
72:A
1418:.
1104:.
994:.
967:.
940:)
926:.
899:.
840:.
811:.
775:.
751:.
302:.
99:"
20:)
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