421:
137:
298:'s Magic Marker (1953), which consisted of a glass tube of ink with a felt wick. By 1958, use of felt-tipped markers was commonplace for a variety of applications such as lettering, labeling, and creating posters. The year 1962 brought the development of the modern fiber-tipped pen (in contrast to the marker, which generally has a thicker point) by Yukio Horie of the Tokyo Stationery Company (which later became
439:, glass and the like. They are designed so that the user is able to easily erase the marks using either a damp cloth, tissue, handkerchief, baby wipe, or other easily cleaned or disposable items. Generally, people use fabrics to do so, but others use items like paper, clothing items, some even use their bare hands to wipe it clear. The erasable ink does not contain the toxic chemical compounds
32:
642:
671:
935:
145:
129:
401:
243:. A marker pen consists of a container (glass, aluminum or plastic) and a core of an absorbent material that holds the ink. The upper part of the marker contains the nib that was made in earlier times of a hard felt material, and a cap to prevent the marker from drying out.
293:
Lee Newman patented a felt-tipped marking pen in 1910. In 1926, Benjamin
Paskach patented a "fountain paintbrush", as he called it, which consisted of a sponge-tipped handle containing various paint colors. Markers of this sort began to be popularized with the sale of
385:
etc., and can be erased easily. The ink is generally resistant to rubbing and water, and can last for many years. Depending on the surface and the marker used, however, the marks can often be removed with either vigorous scrubbing or chemicals such as acetone.
411:
Highlighters are a form of marker used to highlight and cover over existing writing while still leaving the writing readable. They are generally produced in neon colours to allow for colour coding, as well as attract buyers to them.
557:, water-based felt-tip pens are referred to as "sketch pens" because they are mainly used for sketching and writing on paper or cardboard. The permanent ink felt-tip markers are referred to as just "markers". In
541:
The use of the terms "marker" and "felt-tipped pen" varies significantly among different parts of the world. This is because most
English dialects contain words for particular types of marker, often
420:
431:
A whiteboard marker, or a dry-erase marker in some locations, uses an erasable ink, made to be used on a slick (or matte-finished), non-porous writing surface, for temporary writing with
377:
Permanent markers are porous pens that can write on surfaces such as glass, plastic, wood, metal, and stone. The marks made by such pens are however, not permanent on some plastics like
346:) in other types of markers. Water content of the ink can be up to 10%. Besides solvents and the dye itself, the ink may contain additives (e.g. nonylphenylpolyglycol ether, alkylpoly-
617:
The generic terms for fine-tipped markers are usually "felt pen" ,"felt tip pen" or "felts". Large permanent markers are called 'vivids' after a popular brand sold there, the
601:, the term "marker" usually refers only to large-tip markers, and the terms "felt-tip" and "felt pen" usually refer only to fine-tip markers. Markers in Australia are often
891:
338:
for the dye and are still used for the indelible ink in permanent markers. Due to their toxicity, they have often been replaced with less critical substances such as
585:, marker pens are referred to as "sign pens", "name pens", or "felt pens". Also, permanent pens are also referred to as "Magic" (from a famous pen brand name). In
905:
1306:
689:
659:
is a popular brand of permanent markers used for labelling. Markers are also sometimes referred to as felt-pens or felts in some parts of Canada.
727:
258:. These two substances are both harmful and characterized by a very strong smell. Today, the ink is usually made on the basis of alcohols (e.g.
609:. Some variation in naming convention occurs between the states, for example in Queensland the brand name "nikko" has been commonly adopted.
1221:
115:
863:
824:
1294:
967:
53:
837:
96:
1344:
68:
909:
533:'s pens usually have a ceramic tip since this wears well and does not broaden when pressure is applied while writing.
49:
457:
are another version that are used on overhead projectors, signboards, whiteboards, and other non-porous surfaces.
75:
42:
282:
633:, the term "Koki" is used for both felt pens and markers, by South Africans, as well as the standard "marker".
838:"How marker is made - material, manufacture, making, history, used, product, machine, History, Raw Materials"
82:
939:
1211:
652:
602:
542:
64:
752:
1226:
1155:
720:
1354:
1216:
505:
such as double voting. The stain stays visible for a week or two and may also be used to assist in
343:
960:
883:
770:
676:
432:
1316:
651:
In the United States, the word "marker" is used as well as "magic marker", the latter being a
618:
530:
474:
448:
267:
326:" used for the tip is usually made of highly compressed synthetic fibers or porous ceramics.
1178:
1055:
1005:
875:
699:
656:
645:
606:
372:
295:
247:
136:
502:
454:
310:
Sketch markers were released, further popularising markers for professional illustration.
278:
753:"Toluene | Medical Management Guidelines | Toxic Substance Portal | ATSDR"
89:
1193:
1123:
1087:
494:
490:
351:
1349:
1338:
1238:
1188:
1173:
1107:
995:
953:
382:
350:, fatty acid polyglycol ester, or fatty alcohol ethoxalates) and preservatives (e.g.
20:
1258:
1253:
1128:
1050:
1020:
694:
630:
589:, felt-tip pens are referred to as "Magic" or "Highlight" regardless of its brand.
486:
466:
425:
347:
224:
1279:
1045:
1010:
684:
578:
566:
506:
447:
as have been used in permanent markers, being less of a risk to being used as a
404:
395:
192:
184:
31:
801:
1284:
1248:
1231:
1092:
990:
841:
788:
666:
436:
259:
246:
Until the early 1990s, the most common solvents that were used for the ink in
216:
1299:
1263:
1183:
1138:
1060:
1030:
598:
574:
562:
319:
263:
208:
934:
545:
brand names, but there are no such terms in widespread international use.
1150:
1143:
1097:
1082:
558:
470:
670:
469:
but otherwise invisible inks, are used for marking valuables in case of
1323:
1243:
1133:
1077:
1025:
1015:
1000:
887:
641:
526:
498:
473:. The owner of a stolen, but recovered item can be determined by using
444:
355:
335:
251:
144:
1311:
1289:
1102:
570:
440:
378:
327:
303:
299:
271:
255:
200:
879:
128:
400:
1072:
1067:
655:. The word "sharpie" is also now used as a genericized trademark;
640:
582:
554:
419:
399:
339:
331:
307:
143:
135:
127:
586:
522:
323:
240:
949:
1165:
976:
521:
contains a point that is made of some porous material such as
236:
232:
25:
318:
The marker reservoir, which holds the ink, is formed from
19:"Felt tip" redirects here. For the EP by Love Is All, see
239:
source and a tip made of porous, pressed fibers such as
945:
1272:
1204:
1164:
1116:
983:
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
827:, About Inventors site. Retrieved March 11, 2007.
605:called "texta", after a brand name of a type of
565:, marker pens are simply called markers. In the
577:, a marker pen is referred to as "Spidol". In
497:) used to mark the finger, and especially the
354:and its sodium salt, 6-acetoxy-2,4-dimethyl-m-
961:
501:, of voters in elections in order to prevent
8:
968:
954:
946:
840:. Madehow.com. 1997-07-14. Archived from
825:History of Pens & Writing Instruments
569:, a marker is commonly referred to as a "
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
868:J. Crim. L. Criminology & Police Sci
711:
690:List of pen types, brands and companies
277:Markers may be waterproof, dry-erase,
733:from the original on 7 September 2012
7:
342:or cyclic alkylene carbonates (like
54:adding citations to reliable sources
1307:List of types, brands and companies
14:
465:Special "security" markers, with
933:
894:from the original on 2017-11-07.
669:
30:
132:The tip of a green felt-tip pen
41:needs additional citations for
573:pen", regardless of brand. In
489:(an indelible dye and often a
140:A box of colored felt-tip pens
1:
721:"Module 6: Media for 2-D Art"
477:to make the writing visible.
787:Lee W. Newman, Marking Pen,
1373:
393:
370:
18:
719:www.sbctc.edu (adapted).
906:"History of Marker Pens"
637:Canada and United States
285:markers), or permanent.
862:David A. Black (1966).
807:. Freepatentsonline.com
424:Whiteboard marker on a
648:
428:
408:
149:
141:
133:
1212:Ballpoint pen artwork
802:"Fountain paintbrush"
653:genericized trademark
644:
423:
403:
147:
139:
131:
1227:Birmingham pen trade
1222:Counterfeit banknote
942:at Wikimedia Commons
706:Notes and references
537:Dialectal variations
50:improve this article
16:Type of writing tool
1345:American inventions
1217:Ballpoint pen knife
864:"Fiber Tipped Pens"
791:. January 11, 1910.
789:U.S. Patent 946,149
433:overhead projectors
344:propylene carbonate
677:Visual arts portal
649:
429:
416:Whiteboard markers
409:
235:which has its own
150:
142:
134:
1332:
1331:
1317:Mechanical pencil
938:Media related to
553:In some parts of
485:Marker pens with
475:ultraviolet light
449:recreational drug
268:diacetone alcohol
248:permanent markers
126:
125:
118:
100:
1362:
970:
963:
956:
947:
937:
921:
920:
918:
917:
908:. Archived from
902:
896:
895:
859:
853:
852:
850:
849:
834:
828:
822:
816:
815:
813:
812:
806:
798:
792:
785:
779:
778:
767:
761:
760:
749:
743:
742:
740:
738:
732:
725:
716:
679:
674:
673:
607:permanent marker
519:porous point pen
513:Porous point pen
455:Wet-wipe markers
373:Permanent marker
367:Permanent marker
296:Sidney Rosenthal
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
1372:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1335:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1268:
1200:
1160:
1117:Parts and tools
1112:
979:
974:
930:
925:
924:
915:
913:
904:
903:
899:
880:10.2307/1140564
861:
860:
856:
847:
845:
836:
835:
831:
823:
819:
810:
808:
804:
800:
799:
795:
786:
782:
769:
768:
764:
751:
750:
746:
736:
734:
730:
723:
718:
717:
713:
708:
675:
668:
665:
646:Sharpie markers
639:
627:
621:Stephens Vivid
615:
595:
551:
539:
515:
503:electoral fraud
483:
481:Election marker
463:
461:Security marker
418:
398:
392:
375:
369:
364:
316:
291:
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1370:
1369:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1337:
1336:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1287:
1282:
1276:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1146:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1124:Blotting paper
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
987:
985:
981:
980:
975:
973:
972:
965:
958:
950:
944:
943:
929:
928:External links
926:
923:
922:
897:
874:(4): 521–525.
854:
829:
817:
793:
780:
762:
744:
726:. Saylor.org.
710:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
697:
692:
687:
681:
680:
664:
661:
638:
635:
626:
623:
614:
611:
594:
591:
550:
547:
538:
535:
514:
511:
495:silver nitrate
493:agent such as
491:photosensitive
482:
479:
462:
459:
417:
414:
394:Main article:
391:
388:
371:Main article:
368:
365:
363:
360:
352:2-Phenylphenol
315:
312:
290:
287:
124:
123:
106:September 2019
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1368:
1367:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1239:Pen computing
1237:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
988:
986:
982:
978:
971:
966:
964:
959:
957:
952:
951:
948:
941:
936:
932:
931:
927:
912:on 2016-12-13
911:
907:
901:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
858:
855:
844:on 2017-02-02
843:
839:
833:
830:
826:
821:
818:
803:
797:
794:
790:
784:
781:
776:
772:
771:"Healthfully"
766:
763:
758:
754:
748:
745:
729:
722:
715:
712:
705:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
682:
678:
672:
667:
662:
660:
658:
654:
647:
643:
636:
634:
632:
624:
622:
620:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:
546:
544:
536:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
480:
478:
476:
472:
468:
460:
458:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
427:
422:
415:
413:
406:
402:
397:
389:
387:
384:
383:polypropylene
380:
374:
366:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:were used as
333:
329:
325:
321:
313:
311:
309:
305:
301:
297:
288:
286:
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
146:
138:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
21:Felt Tip (EP)
1259:Pen spinning
1254:Pen painting
1179:Fountain pen
1040:
1035:
1006:Demonstrator
914:. Retrieved
910:the original
900:
871:
867:
857:
846:. Retrieved
842:the original
832:
820:
809:. Retrieved
796:
783:
774:
765:
757:wwwn.cdc.gov
756:
747:
735:. Retrieved
714:
695:Paint marker
650:
631:South Africa
628:
625:South Africa
616:
596:
552:
540:
518:
516:
507:vaccinations
487:election ink
484:
464:
453:
430:
426:clapperboard
410:
390:Highlighters
376:
348:glycol ether
317:
292:
283:transparency
276:
245:
228:
227:) or simply
225:South Africa
220:
212:
204:
196:
188:
180:
176:
173:
169:
166:felt-tip pen
165:
161:
157:
153:
151:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
65:"Marker pen"
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1280:Calligraphy
1129:Ink blotter
1046:highlighter
940:Marker pens
775:Healthfully
685:Highlighter
613:New Zealand
603:generically
579:South Korea
567:Philippines
467:fluorescent
437:whiteboards
405:Highlighter
396:Highlighter
193:New Zealand
185:South Korea
162:marking pen
1355:Stationery
1339:Categories
1285:Cartooning
1249:Penmanship
1232:Pen Museum
1088:Rollerball
916:2017-01-31
848:2017-02-15
811:2014-04-30
260:1-Propanol
217:South Asia
213:sketch pen
158:fine liner
154:marker pen
148:Marker pen
76:newspapers
1300:Lettering
1264:Retipping
1189:Iron gall
1174:Alizarine
1108:Technical
1056:permanent
1041:dry erase
996:Ballpoint
599:Australia
593:Australia
575:Indonesia
563:Singapore
531:Draftsman
320:polyester
279:wet-erase
264:1-butanol
209:Australia
197:flomaster
1151:Penknife
1144:flex nib
1021:Fountain
892:Archived
728:Archived
663:See also
559:Malaysia
471:burglary
336:solvents
181:sign pen
170:felt pen
1324:Narayam
1273:Related
1244:Pen gun
1194:Stark's
1134:Inkwell
1078:Rastrum
1011:Digital
888:1140564
737:2 April
700:Sharpie
657:Sharpie
543:generic
527:ceramic
499:cuticle
445:toluene
443:and/or
356:dioxane
322:. The "
289:History
272:cresols
252:toluene
90:scholar
1312:Pencil
1295:Inking
1290:Comics
1156:Pounce
1103:Stylus
1093:Ruling
1036:Marker
991:Active
886:
571:Pentel
441:xylene
379:Teflon
328:Toluol
302:). In
300:Pentel
281:(e.g.
256:xylene
229:marker
201:Russia
177:marker
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1205:Other
1184:India
1073:Quill
1068:Qalam
1051:paint
1031:Light
1001:Brush
984:Types
884:JSTOR
805:(PDF)
731:(PDF)
724:(PDF)
583:Japan
555:India
362:Types
340:alkyl
332:xylol
314:Parts
308:Copic
250:were
231:is a
205:texta
189:vivid
97:JSTOR
83:books
1350:Pens
1166:Inks
1098:Skin
1083:Reed
977:Pens
739:2012
587:Iran
581:and
561:and
549:Asia
523:felt
407:pens
330:and
324:felt
306:the
304:1987
270:and
254:and
241:felt
223:(in
221:koki
215:(in
207:(in
199:(in
191:(in
183:(in
174:flow
69:news
1139:Nib
1026:Gel
1016:Dip
876:doi
629:In
619:Bic
597:In
525:or
358:).
274:).
237:ink
233:pen
219:),
211:),
203:),
195:),
187:),
52:by
1341::
1061:UV
890:.
882:.
872:57
870:.
866:.
773:.
755:.
529:.
517:A
509:.
451:.
435:,
381:,
266:,
262:,
179:,
172:,
168:,
164:,
160:,
156:,
152:A
969:e
962:t
955:v
919:.
878::
851:.
814:.
777:.
759:.
741:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
