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602:) than in a similar 20 miles per hour (32 km/h; 8.9 m/s) street fitted with road cushions. It also produced 47 per cent more particulate matter (PM) and nearly 60 per cent more carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Another study estimated that, for a private automobile, the increase in fuel consumption due a pass over a speed bump is responsible for fuel waste of 10ml. This multiplied with the number of vehicles going over a particular speed bump every day suggests significant annual fuel wastage for a single speed bump.
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traverse distance of speed bumps often allows vehicles to pass over them at high speed with only mild disturbance to the wheels and suspension, and hardly affecting the vehicle cab and its occupants. The relatively long slopes of speed humps are less disruptive at low–moderate speeds, but they create a greater, more sustained vertical deflection; at higher speeds, a more sustained deflection is less-absorbed by vehicle suspensions and has a greater effect on the vehicle as a whole.
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304:. Several trade-offs must be made when selecting the material for a new speed cushion. Traditionally most vertical deflection devices have been constructed of asphalt or concrete. Due to the rigidity and durability of these materials, they have more permanence and are more effective at slowing traffic. However, they can be difficult to shape and form into consistent forms and precise dimensions.
224:
25:
841:, as lower floor vehicles can sometimes ground out on traditional humps. Speed cushions are often less costly than speed humps or tables, and most cities report them to be just as effective. In some jurisdictions, narrower speed cushions are placed at more frequent intervals to allow ambulances to pass while driving over the centre line. Large trucks are also not slowed down.
326:, which planned to raise its crosswalks five inches (13 cm) above the road level: "This scheme of stopping automobile speeding has been discussed by different municipalities, but Chatham is the first place to put it in practice". The average automobile's top speed at the time was around 50 km/h (30 mph), but braking was poor by modern standards.
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481:. A speed bump is a bump in a roadway with heights typically ranging between 8 and 10 centimetres (3 and 4 in). The traverse distance of a speed bump is typically less than or near to 0.3 m (1 ft); contrasting with the wider speed humps, which typically have a traverse distance of 3.0 to 4.3 m (10 to 14 ft).
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While similar to speed bumps, humps are less aggressive than speed bumps at low speeds. Humps are often used on streets, while bumps are used more in parking lots. While speed bumps generally slow cars to 10–15 km/h (5–10 mph), humps slow cars to 25–30 km/h (15–20 mph). The narrow
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In North
America, however, consumer vehicles have a track width of 1,300–1,500 millimetres (50–59 in). Many emergency vehicles are also equipped with dual tires on their rear axles. The additional tires limit track width to as narrow as 1,200 millimetres (48 in), meaning speed cushions may
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Generally, speed humps have a traverse distance of about 3.7 to 4.3 m (12 to 14 ft) and span the width of the road. The height of each hump ranges from 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 in). The traverse distance and height of each hump determines the speed at which traffic will travel over the
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Rubber products are pre-shaped to standard sizes to meet industry standards. Preformed rubber products are typically bolted down, making them easier to install or remove. Temporary bolt-down installations can be ideal for planners in testing the use and positioning of speed bumps before implementing
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system, successfully used in Sweden, is based on powered equipment integrated into the road surface, which operates a platform that is lowered a few centimeters when a speeding vehicle approaches. Any vehicle approaching at or under the speed limit will pass on a level road. The system measures the
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Development of speed cushions has focused primarily on the
European context. European vehicles typically have a narrower track width than American vehicles, meaning their left and right wheels are closer together. Emergency vehicles still feature a wide track width, and the difference between them
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are a type of speed hump installation designed to alleviate the negative impacts that vertical deflections have on emergency vehicle response times. Speed cushions installations are typically made up of several small speed humps installed across the width of the road with spaces between them. They
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Speed bumps vary in length, but it is typical to leave space between the bump and either edge of an enclosed road (i.e. with curbs and gutters) to allow for drainage. Spaces on either side may also allow more expedient passage for emergency vehicles, though effectiveness will depend on the type of
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Although speed bumps are effective in keeping vehicle speeds down, their use is sometimes controversial—as they can increase traffic noise, may damage vehicles if traversed at too great a speed (despite that being the point), and slow emergency vehicles. Poorly-designed speed bumps that stand too
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Speed tables are effective in calming traffic on streets where the speed limit needs to be maintained rather than slowing cars more significantly. Traffic speed, volumes, and accidents have been shown to decrease with the use of tables. Although not as responsive to emergency vehicles as speed
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Speed humps are used in locations where low speeds are desired and suitable for the surrounding traffic environment. Speed humps are typically placed on residential roads and are not used on major roads, bus routes, or primary emergency response routes. Placement is generally mid-block between
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Speed bumps are used in parking lots and on small-neighborhood roads where space and cost are limited. They are being replaced by Speed Humps (discussed in this
Knowledge (XXG) section) in higher-traffic areas where speed bumps would be ineffective because bumps are mere blips to law-breaking
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Speed humps typically limit vehicle speeds to about 25–30 km/h (15–20 mph) at the hump and 40–50 km/h (25–30 mph) at the midpoint between humps, depending on spacing. Studies show an average 18% reduction in traffic volume and an average 13% reduction in collisions.
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that determines the speed of a vehicle. If the vehicle is traveling below the set speed, the valve opens allowing the bump to deflate as the vehicle drives over it, but it remains closed if the vehicle is traveling too fast. The valve can also be set to allow heavy vehicles, such as
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Dynamic speed bumps differ from conventional speed bumps in that they only activate if a vehicle is traveling above a certain speed. Vehicles traveling below this speed will not experience the discomfort of a conventional speed bump. Dynamic speed bumps may allow the passage of
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device used to reduce vehicle speed and thus sound volume on residential streets. Humps are placed across the road to slow traffic and are often installed in a series of several humps to prevent cars from speeding before and after the hump. Common speed hump shapes are
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of a passenger car to rest on top. The long, flat design allows cars to pass without slowing as significantly as with speed humps or cushions. Because they slow cars less than similar devices, speed tables are often used on roads with typical residential speed limits.
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The
British Transport and Road Research Laboratory published a comprehensive report in 1973 examining vehicle behavior for a large variety of different bump geometries. At the time speed humps were not permitted on public roads but had been installed on private roads.
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Speed bumps can also have adverse environmental impact. A study found that in one north London street with a speed limit of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h; 8.9 m/s) and fitted with road humps, a petrol driven car produced 64 per cent more nitrogen dioxide
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Typical speeds resulting from 7-metre (22 ft) speed tables are 32–48 kilometres per hour (20–30 mph). One sample of 8 sites found a 45% decrease in accidents per year with the use of speed tables. Wombat crossings may reduce casualties by 63%.
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residents prompted the removal of 146 speed bumps from streets at a cost of £460,000. Similar incidents have been reported elsewhere in the UK. UK news sources reported a cyclist being killed in a crash while attempting to avoid a speed bump.
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A less intrusive table in
Auckland, New Zealand, which sacrifices some height and visual effect for integration into a high-quality road finish area. Note that part of the traffic calming effect is reached here via rough cobble
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speeders, while law-abiding drivers must slow to far below the speed limit to avoid large vehicle accelerations and displacements. These are the counter-productive results produced by unavoidable dynamic vehicle response. (See
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devices. Shorter traverse lengths and greater heights slow cars most drastically. When placed in a series 110–170 m (350–550 ft) apart, humps will reduce 85th percentile speeds by 13–16 km/h (8–10 mph).
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In 2003, the chairman of the London
Ambulance Service, Sigurd Reinton claimed that delays caused by speed bumps were responsible for up to 500 avoidable deaths from cardiac arrest each year. He later denied the statement.
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of vehicles on streets with speed humps, particularly from buses and trucks. Other effects include increased fuel consumption and emissions as well as increased wear and tear on brakes, engine and suspension components.
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352:. He also invented what he called "traffic control bumps", the basic design for the speed hump, in 1953. Compton began designs on the speed bump after noticing the speed at which motorists passed Brookings Hall at
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are used most frequently as ambulances, there is no advantage. In these jurisdictions, narrower speed cushions are sometimes placed between lanes to allow ambulances to pass unobstructed while driving over the
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force normal cars to slow down as they ride with one or both wheels over the humps. Meanwhile, they allow fire engines (and other large vehicles) with wider axles to straddle the cushions without slowing down.
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traffic to pass through. However, forcing cyclists to take a particular line on the road compromises their ability to position themselves safely according to the other traffic on the road at the time.
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Warning signs should be used to notify approaching motorists of upcoming humps. Humps generally have pavement markings to enhance visibility and a taper edge near the curb to allow a gap for drainage.
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them in a larger project. Bolt-down products can also be removed or relocated during winter snow periods—where speed bumps are easily concealed and may be damaged by snowplows.
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Speed bumps in some areas have been removed after protests by local residents. Such protests cite the lack of any consultation as one factor. For example, complaints from
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Because of these counter-productive responses, speed bumps traversals of at least 2 m (about 5 ft.) with smooth approach and exit should be used wherever possible.
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Speed cushions in Canada. Gaps allow wide-track emergency vehicles to pass at higher speeds than they can through other traffic calming devices like speed humps.
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the maximum acceptable speed be reduced to 10 kilometres per hour (6.2 mph; 2.8 m/s) on one street for drivers encountering 150 humps in a day.
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and buses. Speed cushions address this problem by allowing larger vehicles to straddle the cushion without slowing down. This is also an advantage for
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with patients on board. Speed humps are thus usually not placed on primary response routes. Speed cushions may be placed on these routes instead.
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Wider, American-style ambulances might also be able to straddle speed cushions. However, in Europe and
Australia, where vehicles like the
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if they are not clearly visible, though in some cases a small cut across the bump allows those vehicles to traverse without impediment.
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Speed cushions, a raised portion of road with a flat top only extending over part of the carriageway's width, are used singly, in a
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devices that use vertical deflection to slow motor-vehicle traffic in order to improve safety conditions. Variations include the
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cushions, speed tables cause less of a delay than humps and are typically preferred by fire departments over speed humps.
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tall or with too-sharp an angle can be disruptive for drivers, and may be difficult to navigate for vehicles with low
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The use of vertical deflection devices is widespread around the world, and they are most commonly used to enforce a
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In Sweden, an evaluation of spinal stress in bus drivers against ISO 2631-5 required on health grounds that:
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Speed tables, a type of hump with a central plateau which is both long and broad, and which may include a
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Possible increase in noise and pollution for residents living immediately adjacent to the speed bumps.
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1806:, April 2004. An examination of speed humps conducted by the London Assembly’s Transport Committee.
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Jazcilevich, Aron; Mares Vázquez, José María; Ramírez, Pablo López; Péreza, Irma Rosas (May 2015).
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Increase noise by creating tire-to-bump thumping and increasing the amount of engine-revving;
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Increase pollution as traffic travels in a lower gear using significantly more fuel per mile;
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Road humps for the control of vehicle speeds by G.R. Watts, TRRL Laboratory Report 597,1973
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have this problem with such speed bumps. Speed bumps can also pose serious hazards to
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are challenged by opposition to speed humps and speed tables since they slow down
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are less affected by speed humps, and may not have to slow down as dramatically.
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1678:"'Wombat crossings' reduce pedestrian casualties by 63 per cent says new study"
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Dr Anders Brandt & MSc Johan
Granlund, Swedish Road Administration (2008).
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reported on an early implementation of what might be considered speed bumps in
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Required signs, street lighting and white lines may be visually intrusive;
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1703:"Highways (Road Humps) Regulations 1999 (replacing the 1996 regulations)"
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Thin cuts are sometimes placed in the middle of a hump in order to allow
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Each of these devices can be made from a variety of materials, including
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1295:"Speed bumps could be removed to cut traffic pollution and save lives"
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Road humps are the most common variety, and are usually round-topped.
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in physics in 1927 for his discoveries resulting in major changes in
1556:"A Comparative Study of Speed Humps, Speed Slots and Speed Cushions"
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bus drivers avoid certain streets until the humps were modified; and
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375:, the first speed bump in Europe was built in 1970 in the city of
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Dual carriageway / Divided highway / Expressway
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1263:"Bus Drivers' Exposure To Mechanical Shocks Due To Speed Bumps"
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defines the regulations for the design and use of road humps.
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In the UK, vertical deflection in highways for the purpose of
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Speed cushions have several distinct advantages over similar
1318:"Economic-environmental analysis of traffic-calming devices"
736:. Response time is slowed by 3–5 seconds per hump for
915:. Speed tables are used with zebra crossings repeatedly in
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in
Australia. Other road features may be included, such as
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1322:
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment
1053:"Original Traffic control sketch made by Compton in 1953"
747:
Occasionally, there is an increase in traffic noise from
732:
One problematic aspect of speed humps is their effect on
695:, speed humps are often placed at pedestrian crossings.
1633:. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Archived from
1451:. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Archived from
1407:"Smart' road hump will smooth the way for safe drivers"
1128:. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Archived from
1099:. Institute of Transportation Engineers. Archived from
525:
May divert traffic to parallel residential streets; and
1795:
UK Department for Transport Speed Cushion Description
1646:
1644:
1219:"Like it or lump it: Is the speed hump here to stay?"
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In another design, a rubber housing is fitted with a
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Distract drivers from other hazards such as children
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Can cause problems for emergency services and buses.
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763:during the winter months is an additional concern.
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Cause spinal damage and aggravate chronic backache.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1058:. Washington University Libraries. Archived from
553:Can cause discomfort for drivers and passengers;
903:. A raised zebra crossing is referred to as a
1573:""SPEED CUSHIONS" A TRAFFIC CALMING TECHNIQUE"
1037:"Democratic Rate Plan Favored by Roosevelt ".
1913:
1840:
1764:"Crash victim's family may file civil action"
623:speed of an oncoming vehicle by using radar.
572:Are a compromise for more active enforcement;
121:For the speed changes in cinematography, see
8:
949:typically takes one of the following forms:
543:Can increase traffic noise, especially when
519:which contains the following disadvantages:
487:https://lindberglce.com/tech/Worst_Roads.PDF
1856:Vertical deflection traffic calming devices
1203:. Eastleigh Borough Council. Archived from
344:. He is commonly known for his work on the
252:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1944:
1920:
1906:
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1591:"Traffic calming — speed cushion schemes"
1201:"Speed Limits and Reduction: Speed Humps"
522:Slow response time of emergency vehicles;
507:have cited disadvantages to speed bumps:
272:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1815:Speed Humps Protect Children from Injury
1790:City of Austin Speed Cushion Description
1241:"Transport Committee Minutes 11/12/2003"
854:not be suitable for their intended use.
1785:Questions and Answers about Speed Humps
1449:"Traffic Calming Measures – Speed Hump"
1384:"Smart speed bumps reward safe drivers"
1152:"Speed Humps (Road Humps, Undulations)"
1029:
850:makes speed cushions more applicable.
537:states the following as disadvantages:
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1440:
1438:
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1405:English, Shirley (November 11, 2005).
562:Other sources argue that speed bumps:
3016:Median / Central reservation
1671:
1669:
373:Institute of Transportation Engineers
7:
250:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
1766:. Strathspey & Badenoch Herald.
1243:. London Assembly. 11 December 2003
895:Speed tables can also be signed as
2934:Risk compensation (road transport)
1720:"Speed humps dumped after protest"
1589:Layfield, R E; Parry, D I (1998).
1154:. Fehr & Peers. Archived from
540:Can cause damage to some vehicles;
496:vehicle and specific road design.
371:According to a publication by the
190:under 40 km/h (25 mph).
144:A road sign "Humps for 1 mile" in
123:Slow motion § In action films
14:
1175:. City of Modesto. Archived from
3300:Glossary of road transport terms
1492:. Fehr and Peers. Archived from
1009:Glossary of road transport terms
413:A speed bump is also known as a
222:
198:, even at very low speeds. Many
23:
1532:. www.maine.gov. Archived from
845:Use in North America and Europe
34:needs additional citations for
1738:"Bumps: Britain gets the hump"
1:
3282:Pavement performance modeling
3272:International roughness index
1708:. UK Department of Transport.
1676:Power, Julie (May 16, 2017).
1598:Transport Research Laboratory
1530:"Speed Humps vs. Speed Bumps"
1508:"SPEED BUMPS AND SPEED HUMPS"
3277:Present serviceability index
3071:Sidewalk / Pavement
2616:Diamond grinding of pavement
1297:. Telegraph. 1 December 2016
738:fire trucks and fire engines
136:Speed bump and warning signs
3249:Underpass / Tunnel
3244:Overpass / Flyover
2998:High-occupancy vehicle lane
2888:Driving under the influence
1962:Freeway / Motorway
1094:"Traffic Calming in Europe"
643:to cross at higher speeds.
127:Speed bump (disambiguation)
3367:
2176:Highway systems by country
1744:. London. October 19, 2003
1631:"Traffic Calming Measures"
1126:"Traffic Calming Measures"
885:raised pedestrian crossing
515:in California, produced a
120:
3295:
3287:Granular base equivalency
3106:Traffic signal preemption
2514:Right-in/right-out (RIRO)
2420:Single-point urban (SPUI)
1862:
1342:10.1016/j.trd.2015.02.010
967:, or in pairs or triples.
740:and up to 10 seconds for
719:Comparison to speed bumps
3267:Pavement condition index
2993:High-occupancy toll lane
2988:Contraflow lane reversal
2963:Barrier transfer machine
1413:. London. Archived from
1041:. 1906-03-07. p. 3.
979:Department for Transport
3346:Transportation planning
2121:Express-collector setup
1170:"Speed Hump Fact Sheet"
3305:Road types by features
3200:Raised pavement marker
3167:Constant-slope barrier
3091:Traffic directionality
3081:Street running railway
2504:Protected intersection
1820:Speed Hump Description
1207:on September 27, 2006.
868:
810:Mercedes-Benz Sprinter
798:
659:
410:
399:
342:electromagnetic theory
149:
137:
125:. For other uses, see
16:Traffic calming device
3162:Concrete step barrier
2499:Offset T-intersection
1804:London's got the hump
1682:Sydney Morning Herald
941:In the United Kingdom
865:
817:during an emergency.
796:
654:
628:pressure relief valve
405:
394:
354:Washington University
143:
135:
3205:Road surface marking
2903:Single-vehicle crash
2626:Full depth recycling
2524:Seagull intersection
1651:trafficcalming.org.
1488:trafficcalming.org.
1470:. Trafficcalming.net
1221:. BBC. July 22, 2003
1150:TrafficCalming.org.
1014:Road surface marking
897:pedestrian crossings
545:large goods vehicles
533:The English town of
439:lying-down policeman
330:Arthur Holly Compton
246:improve this section
43:improve this article
3331:Road infrastructure
3031:Pedestrian crossing
2594:Reinforced concrete
2430:Three-level diamond
2141:Two-lane expressway
2126:Farm-to-market road
1417:on January 13, 2006
1334:2015TRPD...36...86J
958:pedestrian crossing
655:Speed hump made of
606:Dynamic speed bumps
435:New Zealand English
406:Speed bump made of
395:Speed bump made of
358:St. Louis, Missouri
324:Chatham, New Jersey
3061:Runaway truck ramp
2883:Driver's education
2671:Rubberized asphalt
2606:Crocodile cracking
2529:Split intersection
2297:Hierarchy of roads
2258:Single carriageway
1637:on April 14, 2008.
1466:Peter Partington.
1455:on March 20, 2007.
1394:on March 26, 2007.
1092:Klaus Schlabbach.
869:
835:emergency vehicles
799:
734:emergency vehicles
660:
615:at higher speeds.
613:emergency vehicles
447:Dominican Republic
415:sleeping policeman
411:
400:
336:and winner of the
319:The New York Times
165:sleeping policemen
157:traffic thresholds
150:
138:
3313:
3312:
3121:Wide outside lane
2947:
2946:
2924:Automotive safety
2805:Road slipperiness
2552:
2551:
2400:Diverging diamond
2347:
2346:
2263:Single-track road
2205:Bicycle boulevard
1895:
1894:
877:bus-friendly hump
759:Damage caused by
505:Local authorities
427:Caribbean English
316:On June 7, 1906,
302:vulcanized rubber
282:
281:
274:
167:) are a class of
119:
118:
111:
93:
3358:
3157:Cat's eye (road)
2978:Complete streets
2750:Dead Man's Curve
2713:
2651:Pavement milling
2566:Asphalt concrete
2509:Quadrant roadway
2450:
2372:
2358:
2324:Street hierarchy
1972:Elevated highway
1945:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1899:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1826:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:. Fehr and Peers
1648:
1639:
1638:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1595:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1510:. www.cga.ct.gov
1504:
1498:
1497:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1390:. Archived from
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1275:on July 10, 2011
1274:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1137:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1089:
1083:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1034:
917:Leighton Buzzard
913:mini-roundabouts
905:wombat crossing
687:, circular, and
277:
270:
266:
263:
257:
226:
218:
196:ground clearance
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
51:
27:
19:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3355:
3326:Traffic calming
3316:
3315:
3314:
3309:
3291:
3259:
3253:
3224:
3215:Traffic barrier
3175:F-Shape barrier
3130:
3086:Traffic calming
3046:Reversible lane
3036:Pedestrian zone
3021:Motorcycle lane
2983:Contraflow lane
2955:time allocation
2954:
2943:
2939:Underride guard
2907:
2869:
2755:Expansion joint
2717:
2707:
2700:
2686:Stamped asphalt
2548:
2479:Continuous flow
2452:
2448:
2447:
2439:
2373:
2369:grade-separated
2366:
2365:
2343:
2302:Private highway
2275:
2180:
2094:
1976:
1934:
1926:
1896:
1891:
1858:
1853:
1800:London Assembly
1776:
1771:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1642:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1610:
1608:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1539:
1537:
1536:on 27 June 2013
1528:
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1446:
1445:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1300:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1172:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1004:Breakover angle
1000:
987:
947:traffic calming
943:
934:
925:
901:zebra crossings
875:(also called a
860:
847:
827:traffic calming
823:
791:
730:
721:
712:
706:intersections.
680:traffic calming
678:) is a rounded
666:(also called a
649:
608:
601:
502:
423:Maltese English
419:British English
389:
360:, where he was
314:
278:
267:
261:
258:
243:
227:
216:
169:traffic calming
130:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3364:
3362:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3341:Road transport
3338:
3333:
3328:
3318:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3185:Jersey barrier
3182:
3177:
3172:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3116:Unused highway
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Traffic island
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2915:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2893:Drowsy driving
2890:
2885:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Level crossing
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2562:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2474:Channelization
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:3-way junction
2455:
2453:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2376:
2374:
2361:
2355:
2353:Road junctions
2349:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:business route
2314:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2245:Primitive road
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2116:County highway
2113:
2111:Collector road
2108:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2085:United Kingdom
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2020:Czech Republic
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1953:
1951:
1949:Limited-access
1942:
1936:
1935:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1917:
1910:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1775:
1774:External links
1772:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1729:
1711:
1694:
1665:
1653:"Speed Tables"
1640:
1618:
1581:
1564:
1547:
1521:
1499:
1496:on 2001-02-19.
1480:
1458:
1428:
1397:
1375:
1354:
1308:
1286:
1253:
1232:
1210:
1192:
1161:
1158:on 2001-02-19.
1142:
1116:
1084:
1075:
1044:
1039:New York Times
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
999:
996:
986:
983:
975:
974:
968:
961:
954:
942:
939:
933:
930:
924:
921:
859:
856:
846:
843:
831:municipalities
829:devices. Many
822:
819:
802:Speed cushions
790:
789:Speed cushions
787:
729:
726:
720:
717:
711:
708:
648:
645:
607:
604:
599:
595:
594:
591:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
560:
559:
558:
557:
554:
551:
548:
541:
531:
530:
529:
526:
523:
501:
498:
388:
385:
346:Compton Effect
313:
310:
280:
279:
230:
228:
221:
215:
212:
161:speed breakers
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3363:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3321:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3256:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3195:Noise barrier
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3152:Cable barrier
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Traffic lanes
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3041:Refuge island
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3006:Living street
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2973:Climbing lane
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2914:
2910:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2875:Human factors
2872:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2840:Traffic light
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:Oversize load
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2780:Manhole cover
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2611:Crushed stone
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2494:Michigan left
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2446:Intersections
2442:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2395:Directional T
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2312:special route
2310:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Frontage road
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2106:Arterial road
2104:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2091:
2090:United States
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Types of road
1937:
1933:
1930:
1923:
1918:
1916:
1911:
1909:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Speed cushion
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1845:
1843:
1838:
1836:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1821:
1818:
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1490:"Speed Humps"
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1468:"Speed Humps"
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1388:New Scientist
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1065:on 2010-06-15
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500:Disadvantages
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262:December 2023
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231:This section
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204:motorcyclists
201:
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177:speed cushion
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158:
155:(also called
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146:Hertfordshire
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99:December 2023
91:
88:
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3351:Road hazards
3220:Traffic cone
3210:Rumble strip
3111:Truck bypass
3066:Shared space
3026:Passing lane
3011:Managed lane
2968:Bicycle lane
2850:Washboarding
2845:Traffic sign
2829:
2770:Hairpin turn
2539:Texas U-turn
2469:Box junction
2363:Interchanges
2307:Route number
2215:Country lane
1957:Bike freeway
1871:
1867:Rumble strip
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1741:
1732:
1724:Auto Express
1714:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:
1657:. Retrieved
1635:the original
1609:. Retrieved
1597:
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1534:the original
1524:
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1270:the original
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1177:the original
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1019:Rumble strip
988:
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858:Speed tables
852:
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753:acceleration
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511:The city of
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283:
268:
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244:Please help
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160:
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152:
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105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Speed bump"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3336:Road safety
3258:Performance
3190:Kassel kerb
3147:Botts' dots
3135:Demarcation
2835:Storm drain
2800:Road debris
2725:Aquaplaning
2718:environment
2706:Road safety
2584:Cobblestone
2534:Superstreet
2339:Winter road
2287:Concurrency
2280:Other terms
2271:Sunken lane
2240:Main street
2185:Local roads
1887:Speed table
1780:Speed Bumps
965:pinch point
873:speed table
815:centre line
647:Speed humps
633:fire trucks
387:Speed bumps
381:Netherlands
338:Nobel Prize
292:, recycled
214:Composition
200:sports cars
188:speed limit
181:speed table
153:Speed bumps
3320:Categories
3260:indicators
3229:Structures
3180:Guard rail
3056:Road verge
2929:Seat belts
2865:Snowsquall
2830:Speed bump
2810:Road train
2631:Glassphalt
2571:Bioasphalt
2544:Turnaround
2519:Roundabout
2449:(at-grade)
2415:Roundabout
2380:Cloverleaf
2235:Green lane
2171:Trunk road
2099:Main roads
1982:By country
1877:Speed hump
1872:Speed bump
1659:2014-03-14
1474:2014-03-14
1369:2016-12-01
1363:"Actibump"
1247:2014-03-14
1225:January 4,
1186:2014-03-14
1136:2014-09-09
1110:2014-03-14
1069:2014-03-14
1025:References
985:Opposition
932:Advantages
911:, or even
821:Advantages
761:snow plows
742:ambulances
689:sinusoidal
676:speed ramp
672:undulation
664:speed hump
637:ambulances
517:fact sheet
431:judder bar
362:chancellor
208:bicyclists
173:speed hump
69:newspapers
3051:Road diet
2953:Space and
2898:Road rage
2785:Oil spill
2745:Crosswind
2735:Black ice
2730:Avalanche
2656:Permeable
2489:Jughandle
2484:Hook turn
2390:Free-flow
2334:Toll road
2253:Side road
2210:Boulevard
2166:Super two
2161:Ring road
2136:Link road
2035:Hong Kong
1990:Australia
1932:hierarchy
1742:The Times
1687:March 25,
1606:0968-4107
1411:The Times
1328:: 86–95.
909:junctions
899:, namely
889:wheelbase
685:parabolic
668:road hump
535:Eastleigh
467:Lithuania
334:physicist
233:does not
148:, England
3239:Causeway
3076:Shoulder
2912:Vehicles
2860:Whiteout
2820:Rockfall
2815:Roadkill
2740:Bleeding
2716:Road and
2676:Sealcoat
2601:Corduroy
2589:Concrete
2579:Chipseal
2558:Surfaces
2410:Raindrop
2225:Driveway
2220:Dead end
2200:Backroad
2151:2+2 road
2146:2+1 road
2070:Portugal
2060:Pakistan
1611:5 August
1347:23 April
1301:23 April
998:See also
728:Problems
620:Actibump
547:pass by;
475:Bulgaria
471:Slovenia
443:Colombia
437:, and a
290:concrete
3142:Bollard
3126:Woonerf
2855:Washout
2795:Pothole
2708:factors
2696:Texture
2666:Plastic
2646:Macadam
2435:Trumpet
2385:Diamond
2156:Parkway
2131:Highway
2045:Ireland
2025:Germany
2015:Croatia
1995:Belgium
1748:May 23,
1421:May 23,
1365:. Edeva
1330:Bibcode
1279:June 2,
923:Results
867:stones.
783:bicycle
749:braking
710:Results
657:asphalt
513:Modesto
463:Estonia
455:Croatia
451:Hungary
397:asphalt
379:in the
312:History
294:plastic
286:asphalt
254:removed
239:sources
83:scholar
3235:Bridge
2919:Airbag
2691:Tarmac
2636:Gravel
2464:Bowtie
2405:Parclo
2329:Stroad
2292:Detour
2267:Street
2195:Avenue
2080:Taiwan
2065:Poland
2030:Greece
2005:Canada
2000:Brazil
1604:
1540:9 June
1514:9 June
774:, and
772:trucks
768:sedans
766:Heavy
693:Norway
674:, and
639:, and
479:Russia
459:Serbia
408:rubber
350:X-rays
332:was a
179:, and
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2661:Plank
2575:Brick
2425:Stack
2191:Alley
2075:Spain
2055:Nepal
2050:Italy
2040:India
2010:China
1706:(PDF)
1629:ITE.
1594:(PDF)
1576:(PDF)
1559:(PDF)
1447:ITE.
1273:(PDF)
1266:(PDF)
1180:(PDF)
1173:(PDF)
1124:ITE.
1104:(PDF)
1097:(PDF)
1063:(PDF)
1056:(PDF)
991:Derby
883:, or
839:buses
691:. In
670:, or
641:buses
377:Delft
348:with
300:, or
298:metal
90:JSTOR
76:books
3171:Curb
3002:Lane
2765:Ford
2681:Sett
2621:Dirt
2249:Road
1929:Road
1750:2010
1689:2019
1613:2023
1602:ISSN
1542:2013
1516:2013
1423:2010
1349:2021
1303:2021
1281:2010
1227:2010
977:The
776:SUVs
751:and
618:The
477:and
429:, a
425:and
237:any
235:cite
206:and
62:news
2825:Rut
2760:Fog
2641:Ice
1338:doi
598:(NO
489:).
441:in
433:in
417:in
356:in
248:by
163:or
45:by
3322::
1802:,
1740:.
1722:.
1680:.
1668:^
1643:^
1621:^
1600:.
1596:.
1431:^
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1386:.
1336:.
1326:36
1324:.
1320:.
919:.
879:,
871:A
770:,
662:A
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2371:)
2367:(
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600:2
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269:(
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112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
