361:
219:
1679:; the emergence of 24-hour news increased pressures placed upon journalists to provide nonstop content, which was further intensified by the competitive nature of British broadcasters and newspapers, and content quality declined due to 24-hour news' and political parties' techniques for handling the increased demand. This led to journalists relying more heavily on the public relations industry as a source for stories, and advertising revenue as a profit source, making them more susceptible to spin.
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1753:"Spin doctors" such as Shea praised and respected Campbell's work. In 1999, during the beginning of NATO's intervention in Kosovo, Shea's media strategy was non-existent before the arrival of Campbell and his team. Campbell taught Shea how to organise his team to deliver what he wanted to be in the media, which led to Shea being appreciated for his work by President
147:
1781:"). For example, a pharmaceutical company could choose only two trials where their product shows a positive effect and ignore hundreds of unsuccessful trials, or a politician's staff could handpick short speech quotations from past years which appear to show their candidate's support for a certain position.
1904:
focused his spinning tactics as he greatly valued their support. The famous newspaper headline 'The Sun Backs Blair' was a key turning point in the campaign which provided New Labour with a lot of confidence and hope of increased electoral support. The change in political alignment had an impact on
1733:
Campbell, previously a journalist before becoming Tony Blair's Press
Secretary, was the driving force behind a government that was able to produce the message it wanted in the media. He played a key role in important decisions, with advisors viewing him as a 'Deputy Prime Minister' inseparable from
320:
Spinning is typically a service provided by paid media advisors and media consultants. The largest and most powerful companies may have in-house employees and sophisticated units with expertise in spinning issues. While spin is often considered to be a private-sector tactic, in the 1990s and 2000s
304:
A standard tactic used in "spinning" is to reframe or modify the perception of an issue or event to reduce any negative impact it might have on public opinion. For example, a company whose top-selling product is found to have a significant safety problem may "reframe" the issue by criticizing the
321:
some politicians and political staff were accused of using deceptive "spin" tactics to manipulate or deceive the public. Spin may include "burying" potentially negative new information by releasing it at the end of the workday on the last day before a long weekend; selectively
1823:"Burying bad news": announcing unpopular things when the media is expected to be focusing on other news. In some cases, governments have released potentially controversial reports on summer long weekends. Sometimes "other news" is deliberately supplied.
1826:
Misdirection and diversion This is when a government leaks a story to the news to limit the coverage of a more damaging story that has been circulating. New Labour used this tactic to reduce the coverage of
Foreign Secretary
1905:
the electorate, with the number of individuals voting for Labour that read switching newspapers rising by 19.4%, compared to only 10.8% by those that did not read switching newspapers; a study conducted by Ladd and Lenz.
1802:, commonly used as a rhetorical device, whereby a speaker acknowledges that a situation was managed inappropriately but evades any direct responsibility. The expression focuses on the action, omitting any actor, via the
1674:
companies make consumption of their products more socially acceptable, and he was proud of his work as a propagandist. Throughout the 1990s, the use of spin by politicians and parties accelerated, especially in the
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1750:, popular British newspapers. Campbell later acknowledged that his and the government's spinning had contributed to the electorate's growing distrust of politicians, and he asserted that spin must cease.
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Gaber, Ivor (2004). "Alastair
Campbell, exit stage left: Do the "Phillis" recommendations represent a new chapter in political communications or is it "business as usual"?".
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quotes from previous speeches made by their employer or an opposing politician to give the impression that they advocate a certain position; or purposely
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safety of its main competitor's products or by highlighting the risk associated with the entire product category. This might be done using a "catchy"
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Cherry picking is a practice of using selective facts to present to the public. It refers to the farming practice of picking only ripe cherries.
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so often as a way to control the timing and specificity of their messages to the media that press conference facilities have been nicknamed "
2601:
Ladd, Jonathan M. and; Lenz, Gabriel S. (2009). "Exploiting a Rare
Communication Shift to Document the Persuasive Power of the News Media".
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The extent of the impact of "spin doctors" is contested, though their presence is still recognized in the political environment. The
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spells the end for political spin, in that the
Internet may reduce the effectiveness of spin by providing immediate counterpoints.
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due to an interview they held with Blair that asked difficult questions, leading to interviews being handed to other stations.
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updated their laws to include measures to prohibit this type of "spinning" and have been enforcing these laws as of late.
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1702:'s Press Secretary in 2003. As information technology has increased since the end of the 20th century, commentators like
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317:. This tactic could enable the company to refocus the public's attention away from the negative aspects of its product.
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Preventing access to journalists or broadcasters that are reporting to the disliking of the spin doctor. An example is
1682:
Spin in the United
Kingdom began to break down with the high-profile resignations of the architects of spin within the
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Roberts, Alasdair S. (2005). "Spin
Control and Freedom of Information: Lessons for the United Kingdom from Canada".
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s affair. This was achieved by leaking a story that a previous
Governor of Hong Kong was under investigation by MI6.
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by editing/spinning customers to reflect a much more satisfied experience than was actually the case. In 2009, the
1738:, during a meeting in July 1995, into positively reporting an up incoming Blair speech, gathering the support from
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2016:
2011:
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formulated a list of journalists that he trusted to write stories that aligned with the government’s opinion.
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as spin doctors who create a fake war to distract from a presidential sex scandal days before an election
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250:, achieved through knowingly providing a biased interpretation of an event or campaigning to influence
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1718:"Spin doctors" can either command media attention or remain anonymous. Examples from the UK include
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2079: – Influencing, controlling, enhancing, or concealing of an individual's or group's reputation
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press conferences), the room in which these conferences take place is sometimes described as a "
2132: – Quality of preferring concepts or facts one wishes to be true, rather than actual truth
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construction would focus on the actor, such as: "I made mistakes" or "John Doe made mistakes."
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1972: – Language that deliberately disguises, distorts, or reverses the meaning of words
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1942: – Claims made by a corporation/s, for the purpose of manipulating market opinion
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in the United
Kingdom saw a landslide victory for New Labour with a 10.3% swing from
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2061: – Techniques in which partisans create an image that favours their interests
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about some organization or public figure. While traditional public relations and
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about an opposing politician or candidate that casts them in a negative light.
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2027: – Character from The Thick of It, a fictional spin doctor from the
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may manage their presentation of facts, "spin" often implies the use of
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Rewarding like-minded or amenable journalists with stories. During the
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2225:
Gaber, Ivor (1999). "Government by spin: an analysis of the process".
2138: – 1997 film by Barry Levinson— a 1997 American political satire
1777:
Selectively presenting facts and quotes that support one's position ("
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5465:
4610:
3975:
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The Labour Party: continuity and change in the making of 'New' Labour
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who develop deceptive or misleading messages may be referred to as "
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1978: – Statement that represents something in an excessive manner
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1123:
678:
664:
3670:
Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
2524:"FTC Publishes Final Guides Governing Endorsements, Testimonials"
1666:
has been called the "Father of Public
Relations". Bernays helped
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4005:
2882:
2156: – Words or phrases using vague claims to appear meaningful
1723:
1527:
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4614:
4009:
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1924: – Public relations tactic using fake grassroots movements
2028:
140:
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deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a
77:
36:
2392:
Alastair Campbell: New Labour and the rise of the media class
2073: – Use of positive actions to conceal unethical behavior
313:
that can help to persuade the public of the company's biased
2419:
The Blair years: extracts from the Alastair Campbell diaries
1996: – Effect of how information is presented on perception
2257:
The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of PR
2126: – Online service to identify news bias and inaccuracy
1984: – False or misleading information presented as real
2366:
Internet spells end for political spin, says US web guru
1948: – Sub-specialty of the public relations profession
102:
3067:
After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
2443:
Campbell, Alastair (2002). "It's time to bury spin".
273:
Because of the frequent association between spin and
30:"Spin doctor" redirects here. For the rock band, see
3936:
Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
2102:
Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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2091: – Short audio clip extracted from a recording
2008: – Process to attempt to influence perceptions
1868:For years, businesses have used fake or misleading
1860:being ignored by New Labour in the build up to the
1734:Blair. Campbell identifies how he was able to spin
27:
Form of propaganda in public relations and politics
3039:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
2656:unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation
2055: – Phrase describing excessive media coverage
3591:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
3143:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2577:"It's the Sun wot's switched sides back to Blair"
1936: – Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern
3486:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
2002: – Misleading someone into doubting reality
1966: – Political messaging using coded language
1918: – Stating something by saying the opposite
2416:Campbell, Alastair and; Scott, Richard (2007).
2100: – 1995 documentary film by Brian Springer
2201:"Tit for Tat on a Night Where Spin Is Master,"
2120: – American television series (1996-2002)
5640:
4626:
4021:
3799:Election denial movement in the United States
2685:
1639:
91:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2021: – 2008 political book by Rick Shenkman
168:. There might be a discussion about this on
1954: – Introduction of a distracting topic
1280:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5647:
5633:
5625:
4633:
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4611:
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4028:
4014:
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3471:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
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3015:
2712:
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2281:Jones, Nicholas (2003). "24-hours media".
1646:
1632:
339:
1730:, Charlie Whelan, and Alastair Campbell.
206:Learn how and when to remove this message
188:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
3824:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
1370:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
217:
3623:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
2172:
351:
3750:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
3541:Soviet influence on the peace movement
3138:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
3475:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
2603:American Journal of Political Science
2479:Are these examples of political spin?
2271:(Second Quarter 1999). Vol. 6, No. 2.
1706:have advanced the theory that modern
1573:Rhetoric of social intervention model
7:
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2306:
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2220:
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1896:, with help from newspapers such as
3745:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
2955:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
2317:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2253:Stauber, John and Sheldon Rampton.
2111: – 2022 political science book
3216:Misinformation related to abortion
2314:Mass media, politics and democracy
1726:'s press secretary throughout the
25:
3433:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
3046:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
52:This article has multiple issues.
4524:Concentration of media ownership
3986:United States Information Agency
3265:Operations and events by country
2645:10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00435.x
2615:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00377.x
2554:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
1958:Distinction without a difference
359:
145:
82:
41:
5277:Party platforms (or manifestos)
3586:Information war against Ukraine
3133:International Jewish conspiracy
3101:Congo Free State propaganda war
1990: – Italian political party
1960: – Type of logical fallacy
60:or discuss these issues on the
3814:Information Operations Roadmap
3724:Psychological Warfare Division
3294:Chinese information operations
3243:Water fluoridation controversy
1765:Some spin techniques include:
1:
3921:Active Measures Working Group
3579:during the Russo-Georgian War
3546:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
2162: – Sensationalistic news
1543:List of feminist rhetoricians
6020:Public relations terminology
5919:Rally 'round the flag effect
5794:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
5365:Rally 'round the flag effect
3804:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
3481:Fake news in the Philippines
2853:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
2085: – English slang phrase
1988:Five Star Movement#Criticism
1930: – Propaganda technique
1533:Glossary of rhetorical terms
3931:Counter Misinformation Team
3926:Counter disinformation unit
3376:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
2863:Forgery as covert operation
2658:, (Random House Paperback,
2654:and Brooks Jackson (2007):
1380:Language as Symbolic Action
105:, discuss the issue on the
6041:
3941:The Disinformation Project
3371:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
2727:Algorithmic radicalization
2457:10.1177/095647480201300403
2049: – Media manipulation
1714:Examples of "spin doctors"
29:
5662:
4706:Manipulation (psychology)
3904:
3893:
3858:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
3834:Tobacco industry playbook
3765:CIA Kennedy assassination
3270:
3259:
3091:
3080:
3025:
3014:
2898:Manipulation (psychology)
2722:
2711:
2548:Fielding, Steven (2002).
2340:Journal of Public Affairs
2283:Journal of Public Affairs
2241:10.1080/13569779908450008
2067: – Type of deception
2065:Minimisation (psychology)
1994:Framing (social sciences)
1694:'s spokesman in 1999 and
1290:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
4884:Criticism of advertising
4600:Society of the Spectacle
3946:East StratCom Task Force
3760:9/11 conspiracy theories
2757:List of cognitive biases
2575:Greensalde, Roy (1997).
2528:Federal Trade Commission
2012:Image restoration theory
1874:Federal Trade Commission
5724:Cartographic propaganda
5546:Promotional merchandise
5257:Character assassination
5194:Narcotizing dysfunction
5068:Photograph manipulation
4781:Guerrilla communication
4481:Influence of mass media
4286:Narcotizing dysfunction
3872:Public opinion brigades
3829:Niger uranium forgeries
3819:Litter boxes in schools
3189:COVID-19 misinformation
3111:Free energy suppression
3020:Books and documentaries
2794:Euphemistic misspeaking
2018:Just How Stupid Are We?
1815:assumes unproven claims
1813:Speaking in a way that
1230:De Sophisticis Elenchis
5909:Propaganda of the deed
5879:New generation warfare
5829:Historical negationism
5667:Accusation in a mirror
5529:Product demonstrations
4958:Historical negationism
4142:Freedom of information
3618:2016 Brexit referendum
2967:Scientific fabrication
2878:Historical negationism
2652:Kathleen Hall Jamieson
2445:British Journal Review
2422:. London: Hutchinson.
2389:Oberne, Peter (1999).
1773:
1659:Rise of political spin
1350:De doctrina Christiana
1340:Dialogus de oratoribus
1260:Rhetorica ad Herennium
486:Captatio benevolentiae
231:
6025:Rhetorical techniques
6005:Psychological warfare
5980:Propaganda techniques
5904:Psychological warfare
5869:Monumental propaganda
5819:Glittering generality
5799:Firehose of falsehood
5656:Propaganda techniques
5461:Reputation management
5380:Psychological warfare
5229:Political campaigning
5038:Firehose of falsehood
4529:Exploitation of women
3914:Fact-checking website
3719:Operation Mass Appeal
3701:Clockwork Orange plot
3211:Mental illness denial
3106:Climate change denial
2923:Psychological warfare
2893:Internet manipulation
2858:Firehose of falsehood
2784:Disinformation attack
2633:Public Administration
2311:Street, John (2011).
2228:Contemporary Politics
2077:Reputation management
2071:Reputation laundering
2006:Impression management
1886:1997 General election
1870:customer testimonials
1862:1997 General election
1771:
1518:Communication studies
1360:De vulgari eloquentia
1220:Rhetoric to Alexander
221:
6010:Public choice theory
5744:Demonizing the enemy
5496:Corporate propaganda
3053:Who's Who in the CIA
2190:, December 22, 1996.
1946:Crisis communication
1940:Corporate propaganda
1934:Cognitive distortion
285:". Public relations
158:confusing or unclear
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
5934:Shooting and crying
5764:Emotive conjugation
5739:Cult of personality
5689:Atrocity propaganda
5584:Media concentration
5456:Non-apology apology
5446:Cult of personality
5174:Emotive conjugation
4928:Burying of scholars
4575:Advanced capitalism
4261:Cult of personality
4175:Advanced capitalism
3755:Conspiracy theories
3696:Double-Cross System
3665:Conspiracy theories
3526:Operation INFEKTION
3314:Internet Water Army
3168:Strategy of tension
3033:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
2918:Post-truth politics
2510:The Huffington Post
1880:Impact on elections
1819:avoids the question
1800:distancing language
1798:" is an example of
1790:Non-apology apology
1722:during his time as
1523:Composition studies
1454:Health and medicine
1320:Institutio Oratoria
527:Eloquentia perfecta
222:Public figures use
166:clarify the article
5894:Oversimplification
5874:Moralistic fallacy
5567:Influence-for-hire
5360:National mythology
5330:Crowd manipulation
5219:Tabloid journalism
5088:Video manipulation
5033:Fictitious entries
4756:Civil disobedience
4642:Media manipulation
4496:Semiotic democracy
4420:Civil disobedience
4332:Media manipulation
4322:Crowd manipulation
4245:Tabloid journalism
4159:Media transparency
4137:Media independence
4051:24-hour news cycle
3651:HIV/AIDS denialism
3628:Trolls from Olgino
3402:Paid news in India
3392:Fake news in India
3206:HIV/AIDS denialism
3060:Merchants of Doubt
2933:Military deception
2908:Media manipulation
2747:Circular reporting
2503:Weissman, Jerry. "
2494:. Clip 7265. 2013.
2484:2012-08-15 at the
2364:Branigan, Tania, "
2264:2008-11-21 at the
2206:February 22, 2008.
2059:Media manipulation
1796:Mistakes were made
1774:
1608:Terministic screen
1390:A General Rhetoric
920:Resignation speech
457:Studia humanitatis
439:Byzantine rhetoric
232:
5967:
5966:
5859:Managing the news
5684:Appeal to emotion
5622:
5621:
5388:Airborne leaflets
5267:Election promises
5121:Product placement
4996:Alternative facts
4736:Alternative media
4608:
4607:
4534:Freedom of speech
4352:Theodor W. Adorno
4340:
4339:
4327:Managing the news
4147:Freedom of speech
4127:Media development
4091:News broadcasting
4071:Independent media
4056:Alternative media
4003:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3889:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3839:Operation Shocker
3641:
3640:
3521:K-1000 battleship
3352:Operation Neptune
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3076:
3075:
3010:
3009:
3002:Yellow journalism
2950:counterpropaganda
2831:List of fallacies
2764:Conspiracy theory
2732:Alternative facts
2491:BBC Learning Zone
2395:. London: Aurum.
2199:Michael, Powell.
2160:Yellow journalism
2047:Managing the news
2031:satirical comedy
1952:Dead cat strategy
1902:Alastair Campbell
1785:Non-denial denial
1708:Internet activism
1696:Alastair Campbell
1686:government, with
1656:
1655:
1583:Rogerian argument
1330:Panegyrici Latini
422:The age of Cicero
291:media consultants
275:press conferences
224:press conferences
216:
215:
208:
198:
197:
190:
139:
138:
131:
113:, as appropriate.
75:
16:(Redirected from
6032:
6015:Public relations
5959:White propaganda
5914:Public relations
5889:Overcomplication
5774:False accusation
5709:Black propaganda
5699:Beautiful people
5694:Bandwagon effect
5649:
5642:
5635:
5626:
5614:Media proprietor
5438:Public relations
5418:Public diplomacy
5403:Information (IT)
5282:Name recognition
4907:Media regulation
4889:Annoyance factor
4746:Call-out culture
4661:Crowd psychology
4635:
4628:
4621:
4612:
4580:Culture industry
4549:Social influence
4502:The Lonely Crowd
4445:Political satire
4410:Call-out culture
4387:Jacques Rancière
4382:Marshall McLuhan
4357:Jean Baudrillard
4301:Viral phenomenon
4235:Public relations
4208:
4081:Mainstream media
4066:Electronic media
4030:
4023:
4016:
4007:
3895:
3714:MMR autism fraud
3597:On US elections
3531:Operation Toucan
3504:
3272:
3261:
3226:anti-vaccination
3174:
3121:Holocaust denial
3096:Bermuda Triangle
3082:
3016:
2945:black propaganda
2913:Potemkin village
2838:False accusation
2814:list of websites
2713:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2648:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2520:
2514:
2505:Spin vs. Topspin
2501:
2495:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2386:
2375:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2278:
2272:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2222:
2207:
2197:
2191:
2184:The Spinner Spun
2177:
2103:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1548:List of speeches
1395:
1385:
1375:
1365:
1355:
1345:
1335:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1295:
1285:
1275:
1265:
1255:
1245:
1235:
1225:
1215:
1205:
1195:
999:Neo-Aristotelian
566:Figure of speech
427:Second Sophistic
363:
340:
289:, pollsters and
236:public relations
211:
204:
193:
186:
182:
179:
173:
149:
148:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
18:Spin (political)
6040:
6039:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6029:
5970:
5969:
5968:
5963:
5849:Loaded language
5658:
5653:
5623:
5618:
5609:Media influence
5604:Media franchise
5589:Media democracy
5555:
5500:
5432:
5374:
5355:Loaded language
5306:
5223:
5140:
5092:
4982:
4911:
4893:
4820:
4761:Culture jamming
4710:
4644:
4639:
4609:
4604:
4590:Media franchise
4563:
4507:
4469:
4425:Culture jamming
4391:
4377:Walter Lippmann
4336:
4305:
4249:
4199:
4163:
4154:Media pluralism
4115:
4039:
4034:
4004:
3995:
3900:
3881:
3860:
3848:
3733:
3729:Zinoviev letter
3679:
3653:
3637:
3561:Post-Soviet era
3555:
3516:Active Measures
3499:
3490:
3459:
3447:
3435:
3423:
3411:
3380:
3354:
3342:
3282:
3280:Jihadunspun.com
3266:
3247:
3172:
3148:New World Order
3116:Genocide denial
3087:
3072:
3021:
3006:
2928:Memetic warfare
2718:
2707:
2698:
2630:
2627:
2622:
2600:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2533:
2531:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2513:. 19 June 2009.
2502:
2498:
2486:Wayback Machine
2476:
2472:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2415:
2414:
2410:
2403:
2388:
2387:
2378:
2374:. 12 June 2007.
2363:
2359:
2337:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:Wayback Machine
2252:
2248:
2224:
2223:
2210:
2204:New York Times.
2198:
2194:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2101:
2034:The Thick of It
1911:
1882:
1844:Rhodesia crisis
1838:Limited hangout
1763:
1716:
1661:
1652:
1623:
1622:
1568:Public rhetoric
1506:
1505:
1496:
1495:
1444:Native American
1409:
1408:
1399:
1398:
1393:
1383:
1373:
1363:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1253:
1243:
1233:
1223:
1213:
1203:
1193:
1184:
1183:
1174:
1173:
1014:
1013:
1004:
1003:
947:
946:
935:
934:
825:Funeral oration
815:Farewell speech
772:Socratic method
728:
727:
718:
717:
480:
479:
470:
469:
375:
374:
338:
212:
201:
200:
199:
194:
183:
177:
174:
163:
150:
146:
135:
124:
118:
115:
100:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6038:
6036:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5972:
5971:
5965:
5964:
5962:
5961:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5839:Indoctrination
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5749:Disinformation
5746:
5741:
5736:
5734:Cherry picking
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5679:Appeal to fear
5676:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5659:
5654:
5652:
5651:
5644:
5637:
5629:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5580:
5579:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5542:
5541:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5510:
5508:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5488:
5486:Understatement
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5440:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5384:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5350:Indoctrination
5347:
5342:
5337:
5335:Disinformation
5332:
5327:
5322:
5316:
5314:
5308:
5307:
5305:
5304:
5299:
5297:Smear campaign
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5214:Sensationalism
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5154:Agenda-setting
5150:
5148:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5102:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5028:False document
5025:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4992:
4990:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4933:Catch and kill
4930:
4925:
4920:
4914:
4912:
4910:
4909:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4830:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4766:Demonstrations
4763:
4758:
4753:
4751:Cancel culture
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4630:
4623:
4615:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4564:
4562:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4477:
4475:
4471:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4415:Cancel culture
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4397:Counterculture
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4362:Edward Bernays
4359:
4354:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4317:Catch and kill
4313:
4311:
4307:
4306:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4296:Sensationalism
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4257:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4205:
4201:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4185:Bipartisanship
4182:
4180:American Dream
4177:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4144:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4025:
4018:
4010:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3898:
3891:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3809:Habbush letter
3806:
3801:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3784:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3691:Bell Pottinger
3687:
3685:
3684:United Kingdom
3681:
3680:
3678:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3647:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3565:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3501:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3436:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3347:Czechoslovakia
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3319:PLA Unit 61398
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3268:
3267:
3264:
3257:
3256:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3194:by governments
3186:
3180:
3178:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3056:
3049:
3042:
3035:
3031:Disinformation
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2936:
2935:
2930:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2834:
2833:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2752:Cognitive bias
2749:
2744:
2742:Cherry picking
2739:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2709:
2708:
2705:misinformation
2701:Disinformation
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2664:978-1400065660
2649:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:
2609:(2): 394–410.
2593:
2567:
2560:
2540:
2515:
2496:
2470:
2435:
2428:
2408:
2401:
2376:
2357:
2352:10.1002/pa.199
2346:(4): 365–373.
2330:
2323:
2300:
2295:10.1002/pa.130
2273:
2259:by Larry Tye,"
2255:"Book Review:
2246:
2235:(3): 263–275.
2208:
2192:
2188:New York Times
2180:William Safire
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2148:Robert De Niro
2144:Dustin Hoffman
2133:
2127:
2121:
2112:
2108:Spin Dictators
2104:
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2025:Malcolm Tucker
2022:
2014:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1937:
1931:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1900:towards which
1881:
1878:
1866:
1865:
1851:
1840:
1835:
1824:
1821:
1811:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1779:cherry picking
1762:
1759:
1736:Rupert Murdoch
1715:
1712:
1688:Charlie Whelan
1677:United Kingdom
1664:Edward Bernays
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1651:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1512:Ars dictaminis
1507:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1310:On the Sublime
1306:
1296:
1286:
1276:
1266:
1256:
1246:
1236:
1226:
1216:
1206:
1196:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1015:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
965:
964:
954:
948:
942:
941:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
905:
904:
903:
893:
892:
891:
886:
881:
871:
866:
861:
859:Lightning talk
856:
855:
854:
844:
839:
838:
837:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
806:
805:
800:
788:
783:
776:
775:
774:
764:
759:
754:
753:
752:
740:
735:
729:
725:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:
708:
701:
700:
699:
689:
684:
683:
682:
675:
668:
656:
651:
646:
644:Method of loci
641:
634:
627:
622:
621:
620:
613:
606:
599:
592:
580:
579:
578:
573:
563:
562:
561:
551:
544:
539:
532:
531:
530:
518:
513:
506:
499:
494:
489:
481:
477:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
461:
460:
448:
447:
446:
441:
431:
430:
429:
424:
414:
409:
408:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
380:Ancient Greece
376:
370:
369:
368:
365:
364:
356:
355:
349:
348:
337:
334:
330:misinformation
323:cherry-picking
252:public opinion
214:
213:
196:
195:
153:
151:
144:
137:
136:
97:of the subject
95:worldwide view
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6037:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5995:Media studies
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5977:
5975:
5960:
5957:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5784:False dilemma
5782:
5780:
5779:False balance
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5665:
5664:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5645:
5643:
5638:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5627:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5594:Media ecology
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5577:United States
5575:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5551:Telemarketing
5549:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5487:
5484:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5443:
5441:
5439:
5435:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5385:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5340:Fearmongering
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5179:False balance
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5143:
5137:
5136:Word of mouth
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5099:
5095:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4923:Broadcast law
4921:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4899:
4896:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:Deplatforming
4769:
4767:
4764:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4697:
4694:
4692:
4689:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4676:False balance
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4631:
4629:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4616:
4613:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4514:
4510:
4504:
4503:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4491:Mediatization
4489:
4487:
4486:Media studies
4484:
4482:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4466:
4465:Strike action
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4430:Demonstration
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4349:
4347:
4343:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4308:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4195:Pensée unique
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4061:Digital media
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4037:Media culture
4031:
4026:
4024:
4019:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4008:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3951:FactCheck.org
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3909:Fact-checking
3907:
3906:
3903:
3896:
3892:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3738:United States
3736:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3493:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
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1848:Harold Wilson
1845:
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1804:passive voice
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1698:resigning as
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1613:Toulmin model
1611:
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1598:Talking point
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1593:Speechwriting
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1414:Argumentation
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1250:De Inventione
1247:
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1237:
1232:
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1227:
1222:
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1212:
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1207:
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1197:
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1177:
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1125:
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1120:
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1016:
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1007:
1000:
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967:
963:
960:
959:
958:
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950:
949:
945:
939:
938:
931:
930:War-mongering
928:
926:
923:
921:
918:
914:
911:
910:
909:
906:
902:
899:
898:
897:
896:Progymnasmata
894:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
864:Maiden speech
862:
860:
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850:
849:
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845:
843:
840:
836:
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832:
831:
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465:Modern period
463:
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442:
440:
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432:
428:
425:
423:
420:
419:
418:
415:
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412:Ancient India
410:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:Attic orators
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
382:
381:
378:
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367:
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358:
357:
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335:
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328:
324:
318:
316:
315:point of view
312:
308:
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300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
246:is a form of
245:
241:
237:
229:
225:
220:
210:
207:
192:
189:
181:
171:
170:the talk page
167:
161:
159:
154:This article
152:
143:
142:
133:
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112:
108:
104:
98:
96:
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5954:Whataboutism
5943:
5924:Scapegoating
5884:Obscurantism
5864:Minimisation
5769:Exaggeration
5671:
5599:Media ethics
5519:Door-to-door
5514:Cold calling
5491:Weasel words
5475:
5398:Fifth column
5292:Push polling
5242:Astroturfing
5204:Pseudo-event
5184:Infotainment
5159:Broadcasting
5078:Urban legend
5001:April Fools'
4874:Testimonials
4844:Infomercials
4671:Dumbing down
4595:Post-Fordism
4585:Mass society
4554:Transparency
4500:
4367:Noam Chomsky
4345:Philosophers
4291:Recuperation
4276:Media circus
4266:Dumbing down
4239:
4132:Media policy
4106:Social media
3711:
3646:South Africa
3633:Web brigades
3569:Cyberwarfare
3551:Useful idiot
3500:Soviet Union
3445:Fintas Group
3337:Global Times
3335:
3304:cyberwarfare
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3038:
3030:
2997:Whataboutism
2992:Urban legend
2981:
2962:Quote mining
2655:
2636:
2632:
2625:Bibliography
2606:
2602:
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2581:The Guardian
2580:
2570:
2550:
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2530:. 2009-10-05
2527:
2518:
2508:
2499:
2489:
2473:
2451:(4): 15–23.
2448:
2444:
2438:
2418:
2411:
2391:
2371:The Guardian
2369:
2360:
2343:
2339:
2333:
2313:
2289:(1): 27–31.
2286:
2282:
2276:
2268:
2256:
2249:
2232:
2226:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2175:
2140:black comedy
2115:
2107:
2095:
2053:Media circus
2038:
2032:
2017:
1976:Exaggeration
1922:Astroturfing
1897:
1890:Conservative
1883:
1867:
1857:World at One
1856:
1831:
1808:active voice
1764:
1755:Bill Clinton
1752:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1717:
1692:Gordon Brown
1681:
1662:
1538:Glossophobia
1510:
1429:Constitutive
1388:
1378:
1368:
1358:
1348:
1338:
1328:
1318:
1308:
1298:
1288:
1278:
1268:
1258:
1248:
1238:
1228:
1218:
1208:
1198:
1188:
1012:Rhetoricians
925:Stump speech
912:
842:Invitational
795:
780:Dissoi logoi
778:
757:Deliberative
749:Controversia
747:
710:
703:
677:
670:
663:
636:
629:
617:Pronuntiatio
615:
608:
601:
594:
587:
546:
534:
525:
508:
501:
484:
455:
417:Ancient Rome
319:
303:
299:spinmeisters
298:
295:spin doctors
294:
277:(especially
272:
268:manipulative
260:disingenuous
243:
233:
202:
184:
175:
164:Please help
155:
125:
116:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
32:Spin Doctors
5985:Advertising
5949:Weasel word
5899:Plain folks
5814:Gish gallop
5804:Flag-waving
5759:Doublespeak
5754:Dog whistle
5714:Blood libel
5471:Sound bites
5451:Doublespeak
5302:Wedge issue
5262:Dog whistle
5237:Advertising
5063:Lying press
5048:Gaslighting
4826:Advertising
4801:Occupations
4691:Obfuscation
4681:Half-truths
4474:In academia
4460:Review bomb
4281:Media event
4218:Advertising
4190:Consumerism
4111:State media
3844:Yellow rain
3464:Philippines
3324:Spamouflage
3309:Little Pink
3163:Rothschilds
3153:Red mercury
2868:Gaslighting
2819:Lying press
2789:Doublespeak
2154:Weasel word
2136:Wag the Dog
2124:SpinSpotter
2098:(1995 film)
2040:In The Loop
2000:Gaslighting
1970:Doublespeak
1964:Dog whistle
1618:Wooden iron
1578:Rhetrickery
1553:Oral skills
1489:Composition
1424:Contrastive
1244:(c. 350 BC)
1234:(c. 350 BC)
1224:(c. 350 BC)
1214:(c. 350 BC)
1204:(c. 370 BC)
1064:Demosthenes
1044:Brueggemann
979:Ideological
830:Homiletics‎
743:Declamation
733:Apologetics
583:Five canons
451:Renaissance
434:Middle Ages
256:advertising
5974:Categories
5824:Half-truth
5729:Censorship
5673:Ad hominem
5572:Media bias
5428:Subversion
5393:False flag
5370:Techniques
5312:Propaganda
5272:Lawn signs
5252:Canvassing
5146:News media
4902:Censorship
4834:Billboards
4786:Hacktivism
4776:Grassroots
4701:Persuasion
4539:Media bias
4440:Occupation
4372:Guy Debord
4254:Techniques
4223:Propaganda
4120:Principles
4096:News media
4076:Mass media
3971:PolitiFact
3899:Opposition
3775:Sandy Hook
3574:on Estonia
3508:Soviet era
3421:Team Jorge
3397:Godi-media
3158:Reptilians
3128:Illuminati
2987:Truthiness
2977:Social bot
2940:Propaganda
2873:Half-truth
2848:False flag
2586:4 November
2534:2019-07-24
2168:References
2130:Truthiness
2089:Sound bite
1829:Robin Cook
1761:Techniques
1728:Kosovo War
1720:Jamie Shea
1704:Joe Trippi
1700:Tony Blair
1684:New Labour
1474:Technology
1464:Procedural
1284:(c. 50 BC)
1270:De Oratore
1134:Quintilian
1129:Protagoras
984:Metaphoric
908:Propaganda
791:Epideictic
705:Sotto voce
659:Persuasion
654:Operations
596:Dispositio
492:Chironomia
311:sound bite
279:government
248:propaganda
228:spin rooms
178:March 2022
160:to readers
119:March 2022
57:improve it
5990:Deception
5834:Ideograph
5789:Fake news
5534:Promotion
5413:Political
5320:Bandwagon
5247:Attack ad
5126:Publicity
5098:Marketing
5011:Fake news
4973:Religious
4968:Political
4948:Euphemism
4943:Cover-ups
4938:Corporate
4806:Petitions
4696:Orwellian
4666:Deception
4519:Anonymity
4228:Fake news
4204:Deception
4101:Old media
4086:New media
3966:NewsGuard
3961:Logically
3956:Full Fact
3853:Venezuela
3787:Fake news
3675:AK Trolls
3366:Funkspiel
2888:Infodemic
2804:Fake news
2779:Denialism
2774:Deception
2465:143847032
2142:starring
2118:(TV Show)
2116:Spin City
1982:Fake news
1916:Apophasis
1846:of 1964,
1747:The Times
1588:Seduction
1419:Cognitive
1407:Subfields
1334:(100–400)
1089:Isocrates
1029:Augustine
1019:Aristotle
994:Narrative
944:Criticism
889:Philippic
803:Panegyric
786:Elocution
767:Dialectic
687:Situation
548:Facilitas
542:Enthymeme
521:Eloquence
503:Delectare
283:spin room
270:tactics.
264:deceptive
107:talk page
63:talk page
6000:Politics
5854:Newspeak
5719:Buzzword
5481:Transfer
5423:Sedition
5287:Negative
5199:Newspeak
5189:Managing
5131:Research
5106:Branding
5058:Literary
5023:Fakelore
5016:websites
5006:Deepfake
4963:Internet
4854:Modeling
4811:Protests
4791:Internet
4724:Advocacy
4716:Activism
4568:Synonyms
4559:Violence
4435:Graffiti
4168:Ideology
3991:USAFacts
3981:StopFake
3877:Force 47
3782:COVID-19
3706:Euromyth
3457:Peñabots
3331:COVID-19
3236:COVID-19
3221:Vaccines
3086:Examples
2972:Smearing
2639:: 1–23.
2482:Archived
2477:Staff. "
2269:PR Watch
2262:Archived
2083:Sexed up
1909:See also
1459:Pedagogy
1439:Feminist
1210:Rhetoric
1200:Phaedrus
1194:(380 BC)
1144:Richards
1114:Perelman
962:Pentadic
957:Dramatic
901:Suasoria
879:Diatribe
820:Forensic
797:Encomium
762:Demagogy
631:Imitatio
603:Elocutio
589:Inventio
559:Informal
478:Concepts
405:Sophists
400:Calliope
390:Atticism
385:Asianism
353:Rhetoric
345:a series
343:Part of
287:advisors
240:politics
101:You may
5844:Lawfare
5809:Framing
5704:Big lie
5560:Related
5539:Spaving
5524:Pricing
5466:Slogans
5408:Lawfare
5345:Framing
5325:Big lie
5116:Product
5111:Loyalty
5043:Forgery
4988:Hoaxing
4869:Slogans
4849:Mobiles
4741:Boycott
4649:Context
4544:Privacy
4450:Protest
4405:Boycott
4271:Framing
3865:Vietnam
3536:Seat 12
3407:OpIndia
3359:Germany
2826:Fallacy
2799:Factoid
2737:Big lie
1928:Big lie
1898:The Sun
1741:The Sun
1672:alcohol
1668:tobacco
1504:Related
1479:Therapy
1469:Science
1434:Digital
1314:(c. 50)
1304:(46 BC)
1294:(46 BC)
1274:(55 BC)
1264:(80 BC)
1254:(84 BC)
1190:Gorgias
1159:Toulmin
1154:Tacitus
1104:McLuhan
1079:Gorgias
1074:Erasmus
1069:Derrida
1034:Bakhtin
1024:Aspasia
989:Mimesis
952:Cluster
884:Eristic
874:Polemic
869:Oratory
847:Lecture
610:Memoria
554:Fallacy
497:Decorum
444:Trivium
372:History
336:History
327:leaking
156:may be
5939:Slogan
5164:Circus
5073:Racial
4512:Issues
4310:Others
3976:Snopes
3792:online
3712:Lancet
3658:Turkey
3496:Russia
3452:Mexico
3440:Kuwait
3416:Israel
3275:Canada
3231:autism
3177:Health
2809:online
2662:
2558:
2463:
2426:
2399:
2321:
1894:Labour
1563:Pistis
1558:Orator
1484:Visual
1394:(1970)
1384:(1966)
1374:(1521)
1364:(1305)
1300:Orator
1240:Topics
1169:Weaver
1099:Lysias
1094:Lucian
1084:Hobbes
1059:de Man
1054:Cicero
852:Public
835:Sermon
810:Eulogy
738:Debate
726:Genres
672:Pathos
638:Kairos
625:Hypsos
571:Scheme
536:Eunoia
516:Device
510:Docere
307:slogan
297:" or "
266:, and
5929:Senbu
5506:Sales
5209:Scrum
5169:Cycle
5083:Virus
4953:Films
4918:Books
4859:Radio
4839:False
4816:Youth
4796:Media
4729:group
4686:Media
4211:Forms
4044:Media
3770:QAnon
3428:Korea
3385:India
3287:China
3201:Ebola
2717:Types
2461:S2CID
1354:(426)
1344:(102)
1182:Works
1149:Smith
1139:Ramus
1124:Plato
1119:Pizan
1049:Burke
1039:Booth
974:Genre
969:Frame
712:Topos
697:Grand
692:Style
679:Logos
665:Ethos
649:Modes
576:Trope
109:, or
5944:Spin
5476:Spin
5053:List
4978:Self
4656:Bias
4455:Punk
4240:Spin
3611:2020
3606:2018
3601:2016
2982:Spin
2883:Hoax
2768:list
2703:and
2660:ISBN
2588:2019
2556:ISBN
2424:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2146:and
2096:Spin
2037:and
1855:the
1744:and
1724:NATO
1670:and
1528:Doxa
1324:(95)
1164:Vico
913:Spin
244:spin
238:and
4864:Sex
2641:doi
2611:doi
2507:".
2488:".
2453:doi
2368:",
2348:doi
2291:doi
2237:doi
2186:",
2182:, "
2029:BBC
1892:to
1817:or
1603:TED
1449:New
1109:Ong
309:or
301:".
234:In
5976::
4879:TV
3184:5G
2637:83
2635:.
2607:53
2605:.
2579:.
2526:.
2459:.
2449:13
2447:.
2379:^
2342:.
2303:^
2285:.
2231:.
2211:^
1757:.
347:on
262:,
242:,
230:".
66:.
5648:e
5641:t
5634:v
4634:e
4627:t
4620:v
4029:e
4022:t
4015:v
3498:/
3477:)
3473:(
2770:)
2766:(
2693:e
2686:t
2679:v
2666:)
2647:.
2643::
2617:.
2613::
2590:.
2564:.
2537:.
2467:.
2455::
2432:.
2405:.
2354:.
2350::
2344:4
2327:.
2297:.
2293::
2287:3
2243:.
2239::
2233:5
2043:.
1832:’
1794:"
1647:e
1640:t
1633:v
209:)
203:(
191:)
185:(
180:)
176:(
172:.
162:.
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
99:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
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