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1936:; the emergence of 24-hour news increased pressures placed upon journalists to provide nonstop content, which was further intensified by the competitive nature of British broadcasters and newspapers, and content quality declined due to 24-hour news' and political parties' techniques for handling the increased demand. This led to journalists relying more heavily on the public relations industry as a source for stories, and advertising revenue as a profit source, making them more susceptible to spin.
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2010:"Spin doctors" such as Shea praised and respected Campbell's work. In 1999, during the beginning of NATO's intervention in Kosovo, Shea's media strategy was non-existent before the arrival of Campbell and his team. Campbell taught Shea how to organise his team to deliver what he wanted to be in the media, which led to Shea being appreciated for his work by President
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2038:"). For example, a pharmaceutical company could choose only two trials where their product shows a positive effect and ignore hundreds of unsuccessful trials, or a politician's staff could handpick short speech quotations from past years which appear to show their candidate's support for a certain position.
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focused his spinning tactics as he greatly valued their support. The famous newspaper headline 'The Sun Backs Blair' was a key turning point in the campaign which provided New Labour with a lot of confidence and hope of increased electoral support. The change in political alignment had an impact on
1990:
Campbell, previously a journalist before becoming Tony Blair's Press
Secretary, was the driving force behind a government that was able to produce the message it wanted in the media. He played a key role in important decisions, with advisors viewing him as a 'Deputy Prime Minister' inseparable from
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Spinning is typically a service provided by paid media advisors and media consultants. The largest and most powerful companies may have in-house employees and sophisticated units with expertise in spinning issues. While spin is often considered to be a private-sector tactic, in the 1990s and 2000s
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A standard tactic used in "spinning" is to reframe or modify the perception of an issue or event to reduce any negative impact it might have on public opinion. For example, a company whose top-selling product is found to have a significant safety problem may "reframe" the issue by criticizing the
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some politicians and political staff were accused of using deceptive "spin" tactics to manipulate or deceive the public. Spin may include "burying" potentially negative new information by releasing it at the end of the workday on the last day before a long weekend; selectively
2080:"Burying bad news": announcing unpopular things when the media is expected to be focusing on other news. In some cases, governments have released potentially controversial reports on summer long weekends. Sometimes "other news" is deliberately supplied.
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Misdirection and diversion This is when a government leaks a story to the news to limit the coverage of a more damaging story that has been circulating. New Labour used this tactic to reduce the coverage of
Foreign Secretary
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the electorate, with the number of individuals voting for Labour that read switching newspapers rising by 19.4%, compared to only 10.8% by those that did not read switching newspapers; a study conducted by Ladd and Lenz.
2059:, commonly used as a rhetorical device, whereby a speaker acknowledges that a situation was managed inappropriately but evades any direct responsibility. The expression focuses on the action, omitting any actor, via the
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companies make consumption of their products more socially acceptable, and he was proud of his work as a propagandist. Throughout the 1990s, the use of spin by politicians and parties accelerated, especially in the
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2007:, popular British newspapers. Campbell later acknowledged that his and the government's spinning had contributed to the electorate's growing distrust of politicians, and he asserted that spin must cease.
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Gaber, Ivor (2004). "Alastair
Campbell, exit stage left: Do the "Phillis" recommendations represent a new chapter in political communications or is it "business as usual"?".
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quotes from previous speeches made by their employer or an opposing politician to give the impression that they advocate a certain position; or purposely
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safety of its main competitor's products or by highlighting the risk associated with the entire product category. This might be done using a "catchy"
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Cherry picking is a practice of using selective facts to present to the public. It refers to the farming practice of picking only ripe cherries.
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so often as a way to control the timing and specificity of their messages to the media that press conference facilities have been nicknamed "
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Ladd, Jonathan M. and; Lenz, Gabriel S. (2009). "Exploiting a Rare
Communication Shift to Document the Persuasive Power of the News Media".
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The extent of the impact of "spin doctors" is contested, though their presence is still recognized in the political environment. The
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spells the end for political spin, in that the
Internet may reduce the effectiveness of spin by providing immediate counterpoints.
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Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.
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due to an interview they held with Blair that asked difficult questions, leading to interviews being handed to other stations.
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updated their laws to include measures to prohibit this type of "spinning" and have been enforcing these laws as of late.
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1959:'s Press Secretary in 2003. As information technology has increased since the end of the 20th century, commentators like
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Preventing access to journalists or broadcasters that are reporting to the disliking of the spin doctor. An example is
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Spin in the United
Kingdom began to break down with the high-profile resignations of the architects of spin within the
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Roberts, Alasdair S. (2005). "Spin
Control and Freedom of Information: Lessons for the United Kingdom from Canada".
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s affair. This was achieved by leaking a story that a previous
Governor of Hong Kong was under investigation by MI6.
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by editing/spinning customers to reflect a much more satisfied experience than was actually the case. In 2009, the
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formulated a list of journalists that he trusted to write stories that aligned with the government’s opinion.
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as spin doctors who create a fake war to distract from a presidential sex scandal days before an election
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1975:"Spin doctors" can either command media attention or remain anonymous. Examples from the UK include
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2336: – Influencing, controlling, enhancing, or concealing of an individual's or group's reputation
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press conferences), the room in which these conferences take place is sometimes described as a "
2389: – Quality of preferring concepts or facts one wishes to be true, rather than actual truth
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construction would focus on the actor, such as: "I made mistakes" or "John Doe made mistakes."
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in the United
Kingdom saw a landslide victory for New Labour with a 10.3% swing from
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about some organization or public figure. While traditional public relations and
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about an opposing politician or candidate that casts them in a negative light.
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may manage their presentation of facts, "spin" often implies the use of
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Rewarding like-minded or amenable journalists with stories. During the
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Gaber, Ivor (1999). "Government by spin: an analysis of the process".
2395: – 1997 film by Barry Levinson— a 1997 American political satire
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Selectively presenting facts and quotes that support one's position ("
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The Labour Party: continuity and change in the making of 'New' Labour
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who develop deceptive or misleading messages may be referred to as "
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2235: – Statement that represents something in an excessive manner
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Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests
2781:"FTC Publishes Final Guides Governing Endorsements, Testimonials"
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has been called the "Father of Public
Relations". Bernays helped
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deal primarily with the United Kingdom and do not represent a
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Alastair Campbell: New Labour and the rise of the media class
2330: – Use of positive actions to conceal unethical behavior
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that can help to persuade the public of the company's biased
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The Blair years: extracts from the Alastair Campbell diaries
2253: – Effect of how information is presented on perception
2514:
The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of PR
2383: – Online service to identify news bias and inaccuracy
2241: – False or misleading information presented as real
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Internet spells end for political spin, says US web guru
2205: – Sub-specialty of the public relations profession
216:
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After Truth: Disinformation and the Cost of Fake News
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Campbell, Alastair (2002). "It's time to bury spin".
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Because of the frequent association between spin and
468:"Spin doctor" redirects here. For the rock band, see
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Countering Foreign Propaganda and Disinformation Act
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Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback
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2348: – Short audio clip extracted from a recording
2265: – Process to attempt to influence perceptions
2125:For years, businesses have used fake or misleading
2117:being ignored by New Labour in the build up to the
1991:Blair. Campbell identifies how he was able to spin
325:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
27:
Form of propaganda in public relations and politics
3296:Dezinformatsia: Active Measures in Soviet Strategy
2913:unSpun: Finding Facts in a World of Disinformation
2312: – Phrase describing excessive media coverage
3848:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
3400:Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
2834:"It's the Sun wot's switched sides back to Blair"
2193: – Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern
3743:Historical distortion regarding Ferdinand Marcos
2259: – Misleading someone into doubting reality
2223: – Political messaging using coded language
2175: – Stating something by saying the opposite
2673:Campbell, Alastair and; Scott, Richard (2007).
2357: – 1995 documentary film by Brian Springer
259:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
2458:"Tit for Tat on a Night Where Spin Is Master,"
2377: – American television series (1996-2002)
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4056:Election denial movement in the United States
2942:
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84:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
2278: – 2008 political book by Rick Shenkman
161:. There might be a discussion about this on
2211: – Introduction of a distracting topic
1537:A Dialogue Concerning Oratorical Partitions
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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3728:COVID-19 misinformation in the Philippines
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2538:Jones, Nicholas (2003). "24-hours media".
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1987:, Charlie Whelan, and Alastair Campbell.
456:Learn how and when to remove this message
438:Learn how and when to remove this message
385:Learn how and when to remove this message
283:Learn how and when to remove this message
181:Learn how and when to remove this message
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
4081:Mohamed Atta's alleged Prague connection
1627:Copia: Foundations of the Abundant Style
474:
3880:Russian Institute for Strategic Studies
2429:
608:
4007:Attempts to overturn the 2020 election
3798:Soviet influence on the peace movement
3395:Misinformation in the Israel–Hamas war
3732:ChinaAngVirus disinformation campaign
2860:American Journal of Political Science
2736:Are these examples of political spin?
2528:(Second Quarter 1999). Vol. 6, No. 2.
1963:have advanced the theory that modern
1830:Rhetoric of social intervention model
7:
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2153:, with help from newspapers such as
323:adding citations to reliable sources
4002:1995 CIA disinformation controversy
3212:State-sponsored Internet propaganda
2574:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
2510:Stauber, John and Sheldon Rampton.
2368: – 2022 political science book
3473:Misinformation related to abortion
2571:Mass media, politics and democracy
1983:'s press secretary throughout the
25:
3690:Voluntary Agency Network of Korea
3303:The KGB and Soviet Disinformation
210:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
45:This article has multiple issues.
4781:Concentration of media ownership
4243:United States Information Agency
3522:Operations and events by country
2902:10.1111/j.0033-3298.2005.00435.x
2872:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00377.x
2811:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
2215:Distinction without a difference
616:
401:
299:
244:
197:
138:
75:
34:
5534:Party platforms (or manifestos)
3843:Information war against Ukraine
3390:International Jewish conspiracy
3358:Congo Free State propaganda war
2247: – Italian political party
2217: – Type of logical fallacy
310:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
4071:Information Operations Roadmap
3981:Psychological Warfare Division
3551:Chinese information operations
3500:Water fluoridation controversy
2022:Some spin techniques include:
1:
4178:Active Measures Working Group
3836:during the Russo-Georgian War
3803:U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
2419: – Sensationalistic news
1800:List of feminist rhetoricians
6277:Public relations terminology
6176:Rally 'round the flag effect
6051:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
5622:Rally 'round the flag effect
4061:The Freedom Fighter's Manual
3738:Fake news in the Philippines
3110:Fear, uncertainty, and doubt
2342: – English slang phrase
2245:Five Star Movement#Criticism
2187: – Propaganda technique
1790:Glossary of rhetorical terms
4188:Counter Misinformation Team
4183:Counter disinformation unit
3633:Myth of the clean Wehrmacht
3120:Forgery as covert operation
2915:, (Random House Paperback,
2911:and Brooks Jackson (2007):
1637:Language as Symbolic Action
98:, discuss the issue on the
6298:
4198:The Disinformation Project
3628:Propaganda in Nazi Germany
2984:Algorithmic radicalization
2714:10.1177/095647480201300403
2306: – Media manipulation
1971:Examples of "spin doctors"
467:
5919:
4963:Manipulation (psychology)
4161:
4150:
4115:Bolivarian Army of Trolls
4091:Tobacco industry playbook
4022:CIA Kennedy assassination
3527:
3516:
3348:
3337:
3282:
3271:
3155:Manipulation (psychology)
2979:
2968:
2805:Fielding, Steven (2002).
2597:Journal of Public Affairs
2540:Journal of Public Affairs
2498:10.1080/13569779908450008
2324: – Type of deception
2322:Minimisation (psychology)
2251:Framing (social sciences)
1951:'s spokesman in 1999 and
1547:De Optimo Genere Oratorum
5141:Criticism of advertising
4857:Society of the Spectacle
4203:East StratCom Task Force
4017:9/11 conspiracy theories
3014:List of cognitive biases
2832:Greensalde, Roy (1997).
2785:Federal Trade Commission
2269:Image restoration theory
2131:Federal Trade Commission
223:may contain suggestions.
208:may need to be rewritten
5981:Cartographic propaganda
5803:Promotional merchandise
5514:Character assassination
5451:Narcotizing dysfunction
5325:Photograph manipulation
5038:Guerrilla communication
4738:Influence of mass media
4543:Narcotizing dysfunction
4129:Public opinion brigades
4086:Niger uranium forgeries
4076:Litter boxes in schools
3446:COVID-19 misinformation
3368:Free energy suppression
3277:Books and documentaries
3051:Euphemistic misspeaking
2275:Just How Stupid Are We?
2072:assumes unproven claims
2070:Speaking in a way that
1487:De Sophisticis Elenchis
410:Some of this article's
6166:Propaganda of the deed
6136:New generation warfare
6086:Historical negationism
5924:Accusation in a mirror
5786:Product demonstrations
5215:Historical negationism
4399:Freedom of information
3875:2016 Brexit referendum
3224:Scientific fabrication
3135:Historical negationism
2909:Kathleen Hall Jamieson
2702:British Journal Review
2679:. London: Hutchinson.
2646:Oberne, Peter (1999).
2030:
1916:Rise of political spin
1607:De doctrina Christiana
1597:Dialogus de oratoribus
1517:Rhetorica ad Herennium
743:Captatio benevolentiae
488:
334:"Spin" propaganda
6282:Rhetorical techniques
6262:Psychological warfare
6237:Propaganda techniques
6161:Psychological warfare
6126:Monumental propaganda
6076:Glittering generality
6056:Firehose of falsehood
5913:Propaganda techniques
5718:Reputation management
5637:Psychological warfare
5486:Political campaigning
5295:Firehose of falsehood
4786:Exploitation of women
4171:Fact-checking website
3976:Operation Mass Appeal
3958:Clockwork Orange plot
3468:Mental illness denial
3363:Climate change denial
3180:Psychological warfare
3150:Internet manipulation
3115:Firehose of falsehood
3041:Disinformation attack
2890:Public Administration
2568:Street, John (2011).
2485:Contemporary Politics
2334:Reputation management
2328:Reputation laundering
2263:Impression management
2143:1997 General election
2127:customer testimonials
2119:1997 General election
2028:
1775:Communication studies
1617:De vulgari eloquentia
1477:Rhetoric to Alexander
478:
6267:Public choice theory
6001:Demonizing the enemy
5753:Corporate propaganda
3310:Who's Who in the CIA
2447:, December 22, 1996.
2203:Crisis communication
2197:Corporate propaganda
2191:Cognitive distortion
542:". Public relations
319:improve this article
151:confusing or unclear
104:create a new article
96:improve this article
6191:Shooting and crying
6021:Emotive conjugation
5996:Cult of personality
5946:Atrocity propaganda
5841:Media concentration
5713:Non-apology apology
5703:Cult of personality
5431:Emotive conjugation
5185:Burying of scholars
4832:Advanced capitalism
4518:Cult of personality
4432:Advanced capitalism
4012:Conspiracy theories
3953:Double-Cross System
3922:Conspiracy theories
3783:Operation INFEKTION
3571:Internet Water Army
3425:Strategy of tension
3290:by Ion Mihai Pacepa
3175:Post-truth politics
2767:The Huffington Post
2137:Impact on elections
2076:avoids the question
2057:distancing language
2055:" is an example of
2047:Non-apology apology
1979:during his time as
1780:Composition studies
1711:Health and medicine
1577:Institutio Oratoria
784:Eloquentia perfecta
479:Public figures use
159:clarify the article
6151:Oversimplification
6131:Moralistic fallacy
5824:Influence-for-hire
5617:National mythology
5587:Crowd manipulation
5476:Tabloid journalism
5345:Video manipulation
5290:Fictitious entries
5013:Civil disobedience
4899:Media manipulation
4753:Semiotic democracy
4677:Civil disobedience
4589:Media manipulation
4579:Crowd manipulation
4502:Tabloid journalism
4416:Media transparency
4394:Media independence
4308:24-hour news cycle
3908:HIV/AIDS denialism
3885:Trolls from Olgino
3659:Paid news in India
3649:Fake news in India
3463:HIV/AIDS denialism
3317:Merchants of Doubt
3190:Military deception
3165:Media manipulation
3004:Circular reporting
2760:Weissman, Jerry. "
2751:. Clip 7265. 2013.
2741:2012-08-15 at the
2621:Branigan, Tania, "
2521:2008-11-21 at the
2463:February 22, 2008.
2316:Media manipulation
2053:Mistakes were made
2031:
1865:Terministic screen
1647:A General Rhetoric
1177:Resignation speech
714:Studia humanitatis
696:Byzantine rhetoric
489:
263:You can assist by
6224:
6223:
6116:Managing the news
5941:Appeal to emotion
5879:
5878:
5645:Airborne leaflets
5524:Election promises
5378:Product placement
5253:Alternative facts
4993:Alternative media
4865:
4864:
4791:Freedom of speech
4609:Theodor W. Adorno
4597:
4596:
4584:Managing the news
4404:Freedom of speech
4384:Media development
4348:News broadcasting
4328:Independent media
4313:Alternative media
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4096:Operation Shocker
3898:
3897:
3778:K-1000 battleship
3609:Operation Neptune
3512:
3511:
3508:
3507:
3333:
3332:
3267:
3266:
3259:Yellow journalism
3207:counterpropaganda
3088:List of fallacies
3021:Conspiracy theory
2989:Alternative facts
2748:BBC Learning Zone
2652:. London: Aurum.
2456:Michael, Powell.
2417:Yellow journalism
2304:Managing the news
2288:satirical comedy
2209:Dead cat strategy
2159:Alastair Campbell
2042:Non-denial denial
1965:Internet activism
1953:Alastair Campbell
1943:government, with
1913:
1912:
1840:Rogerian argument
1587:Panegyrici Latini
679:The age of Cicero
548:media consultants
532:press conferences
481:press conferences
466:
465:
458:
448:
447:
440:
395:
394:
387:
369:
293:
292:
285:
238:
237:
212:quality standards
191:
190:
183:
132:
131:
124:
106:, as appropriate.
68:
16:(Redirected from
6289:
6272:Public relations
6216:White propaganda
6171:Public relations
6146:Overcomplication
6031:False accusation
5966:Black propaganda
5956:Beautiful people
5951:Bandwagon effect
5906:
5899:
5892:
5883:
5871:Media proprietor
5695:Public relations
5675:Public diplomacy
5660:Information (IT)
5539:Name recognition
5164:Media regulation
5146:Annoyance factor
5003:Call-out culture
4918:Crowd psychology
4892:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4837:Culture industry
4806:Social influence
4759:The Lonely Crowd
4702:Political satire
4667:Call-out culture
4644:Jacques Rancière
4639:Marshall McLuhan
4614:Jean Baudrillard
4558:Viral phenomenon
4492:Public relations
4465:
4338:Mainstream media
4323:Electronic media
4287:
4280:
4273:
4264:
4152:
3971:MMR autism fraud
3854:On US elections
3788:Operation Toucan
3761:
3529:
3518:
3483:anti-vaccination
3431:
3378:Holocaust denial
3353:Bermuda Triangle
3339:
3273:
3202:black propaganda
3170:Potemkin village
3095:False accusation
3071:list of websites
2970:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2928:
2905:
2876:
2875:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2777:
2771:
2762:Spin vs. Topspin
2758:
2752:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2697:
2691:
2690:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2643:
2632:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2592:
2586:
2585:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2535:
2529:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2479:
2464:
2454:
2448:
2441:The Spinner Spun
2434:
2360:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1805:List of speeches
1652:
1642:
1632:
1622:
1612:
1602:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1552:
1542:
1532:
1522:
1512:
1502:
1492:
1482:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1256:Neo-Aristotelian
823:Figure of speech
684:Second Sophistic
620:
597:
546:, pollsters and
493:public relations
461:
454:
443:
436:
432:
429:
423:
405:
397:
390:
383:
379:
376:
370:
368:
327:
303:
295:
288:
281:
277:
274:
268:
248:
247:
240:
233:
230:
224:
201:
193:
186:
179:
175:
172:
166:
142:
141:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
79:
78:
71:
60:
38:
37:
30:
21:
6297:
6296:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6288:
6287:
6286:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6106:Loaded language
5915:
5910:
5880:
5875:
5866:Media influence
5861:Media franchise
5846:Media democracy
5812:
5757:
5689:
5631:
5612:Loaded language
5563:
5480:
5397:
5349:
5239:
5168:
5150:
5077:
5018:Culture jamming
4967:
4901:
4896:
4866:
4861:
4847:Media franchise
4820:
4764:
4726:
4682:Culture jamming
4648:
4634:Walter Lippmann
4593:
4562:
4506:
4456:
4420:
4411:Media pluralism
4372:
4296:
4291:
4261:
4252:
4157:
4138:
4117:
4105:
3990:
3986:Zinoviev letter
3936:
3910:
3894:
3818:Post-Soviet era
3812:
3773:Active Measures
3756:
3747:
3716:
3704:
3692:
3680:
3668:
3637:
3611:
3599:
3539:
3537:Jihadunspun.com
3523:
3504:
3429:
3405:New World Order
3373:Genocide denial
3344:
3329:
3278:
3263:
3185:Memetic warfare
2975:
2964:
2955:
2887:
2884:
2879:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2790:
2788:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2770:. 19 June 2009.
2759:
2755:
2743:Wayback Machine
2733:
2729:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2687:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2660:
2645:
2644:
2635:
2631:. 12 June 2007.
2620:
2616:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2582:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2523:Wayback Machine
2509:
2505:
2481:
2480:
2467:
2461:New York Times.
2455:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2358:
2291:The Thick of It
2168:
2139:
2101:Rhodesia crisis
2095:Limited hangout
2020:
1973:
1918:
1909:
1880:
1879:
1825:Public rhetoric
1763:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1701:Native American
1666:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1640:
1630:
1620:
1610:
1600:
1590:
1580:
1570:
1560:
1550:
1540:
1530:
1520:
1510:
1500:
1490:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1430:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1204:
1203:
1192:
1191:
1082:Funeral oration
1072:Farewell speech
1029:Socratic method
985:
984:
975:
974:
737:
736:
727:
726:
632:
631:
595:
473:
462:
451:
450:
449:
444:
433:
427:
424:
421:
406:
391:
380:
374:
371:
328:
326:
316:
304:
289:
278:
272:
269:
262:
249:
245:
234:
228:
225:
215:
202:
187:
176:
170:
167:
156:
143:
139:
128:
117:
111:
108:
93:
80:
76:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6295:
6293:
6285:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6239:
6229:
6228:
6222:
6221:
6219:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6096:Indoctrination
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
6006:Disinformation
6003:
5998:
5993:
5991:Cherry picking
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5936:Appeal to fear
5933:
5926:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5911:
5909:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5886:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5826:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5813:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5767:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5743:Understatement
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5699:
5697:
5691:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5682:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5607:Indoctrination
5604:
5599:
5594:
5592:Disinformation
5589:
5584:
5579:
5573:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5554:Smear campaign
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5478:
5473:
5471:Sensationalism
5468:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5411:Agenda-setting
5407:
5405:
5399:
5398:
5396:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5359:
5357:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5322:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5285:False document
5282:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5190:Catch and kill
5187:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5087:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5023:Demonstrations
5020:
5015:
5010:
5008:Cancel culture
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4863:
4862:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4734:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4725:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Cancel culture
4669:
4664:
4658:
4656:
4654:Counterculture
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4619:Edward Bernays
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4599:
4598:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4574:Catch and kill
4570:
4568:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4560:
4555:
4553:Sensationalism
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:Bipartisanship
4439:
4437:American Dream
4434:
4428:
4426:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4391:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4148:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4118:
4113:
4111:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4066:Habbush letter
4063:
4058:
4053:
4052:
4051:
4041:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4009:
4004:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3948:Bell Pottinger
3944:
3942:
3941:United Kingdom
3938:
3937:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3833:
3822:
3820:
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3612:
3607:
3605:
3604:Czechoslovakia
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3590:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3576:PLA Unit 61398
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3514:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3451:by governments
3443:
3437:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3292:
3288:Disinformation
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3009:Cognitive bias
3006:
3001:
2999:Cherry picking
2996:
2991:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2966:
2965:
2962:misinformation
2958:Disinformation
2956:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2921:978-1400065660
2906:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2866:(2): 394–410.
2850:
2824:
2817:
2797:
2772:
2753:
2727:
2692:
2685:
2665:
2658:
2633:
2614:
2609:10.1002/pa.199
2603:(4): 365–373.
2587:
2580:
2557:
2552:10.1002/pa.130
2530:
2516:by Larry Tye,"
2512:"Book Review:
2503:
2492:(3): 263–275.
2465:
2449:
2445:New York Times
2437:William Safire
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2408:
2405:Robert De Niro
2401:Dustin Hoffman
2390:
2384:
2378:
2369:
2365:Spin Dictators
2361:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2282:Malcolm Tucker
2279:
2271:
2266:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2157:towards which
2138:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2108:
2097:
2092:
2081:
2078:
2068:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2036:cherry picking
2019:
2016:
1993:Rupert Murdoch
1972:
1969:
1945:Charlie Whelan
1934:United Kingdom
1921:Edward Bernays
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1769:Ars dictaminis
1764:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1643:
1633:
1623:
1613:
1603:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1567:On the Sublime
1563:
1553:
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1493:
1483:
1473:
1463:
1453:
1442:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1116:Lightning talk
1113:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1045:
1040:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1009:
997:
992:
986:
982:
981:
980:
977:
976:
973:
972:
965:
958:
957:
956:
946:
941:
940:
939:
932:
925:
913:
908:
903:
901:Method of loci
898:
891:
884:
879:
878:
877:
870:
863:
856:
849:
837:
836:
835:
830:
820:
819:
818:
808:
801:
796:
789:
788:
787:
775:
770:
763:
756:
751:
746:
738:
734:
733:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
719:
718:
717:
705:
704:
703:
698:
688:
687:
686:
681:
671:
666:
665:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
637:Ancient Greece
633:
627:
626:
625:
622:
621:
613:
612:
606:
605:
594:
591:
587:misinformation
580:cherry-picking
509:public opinion
464:
463:
446:
445:
428:September 2024
412:listed sources
409:
407:
400:
393:
392:
375:September 2024
307:
305:
298:
291:
290:
273:September 2024
252:
250:
243:
236:
235:
229:September 2024
205:
203:
196:
189:
188:
146:
144:
137:
130:
129:
90:of the subject
88:worldwide view
83:
81:
74:
69:
43:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6294:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6252:Media studies
6250:
6248:
6245:
6243:
6240:
6238:
6235:
6234:
6232:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:False dilemma
6039:
6037:
6036:False balance
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5931:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5907:
5902:
5900:
5895:
5893:
5888:
5887:
5884:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5851:Media ecology
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5835:
5834:United States
5832:
5831:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5815:
5809:
5808:Telemarketing
5806:
5804:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5628:
5625:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5597:Fearmongering
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5566:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5487:
5483:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5436:False balance
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5394:
5393:Word of mouth
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5356:
5352:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5321:
5318:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5180:Broadcast law
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5088:
5086:
5084:
5080:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Deplatforming
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4933:False balance
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4748:Mediatization
4746:
4744:
4743:Media studies
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4722:Strike action
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Demonstration
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4466:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4452:Pensée unique
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:Digital media
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4299:
4295:
4294:Media culture
4288:
4283:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4268:
4265:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:FactCheck.org
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4166:Fact-checking
4164:
4163:
4160:
4153:
4149:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
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3556:50 Cent Party
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3160:Media culture
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3100:False dilemma
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2696:
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2686:9780099514756
2682:
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2659:9781854106476
2655:
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2581:9781137015556
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2240:
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2222:
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2171:
2170:
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2152:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2105:Harold Wilson
2102:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2061:passive voice
2058:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1955:resigning as
1954:
1950:
1947:resigning as
1946:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:Toulmin model
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Talking point
1853:
1851:
1850:Speechwriting
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
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1833:
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1828:
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1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
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1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1671:Argumentation
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1649:
1648:
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1634:
1629:
1628:
1624:
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1599:
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1574:
1569:
1568:
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1558:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1507:De Inventione
1504:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1435:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1187:War-mongering
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1154:
1153:Progymnasmata
1151:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Maiden speech
1119:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1002:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
979:
978:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:
959:
955:
952:
951:
950:
947:
945:
942:
938:
937:
933:
931:
930:
926:
924:
923:
919:
918:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
896:
892:
890:
889:
885:
883:
880:
876:
875:
871:
869:
868:
864:
862:
861:
857:
855:
854:
850:
848:
847:
843:
842:
841:
838:
834:
831:
829:
826:
825:
824:
821:
817:
814:
813:
812:
809:
807:
806:
802:
800:
797:
795:
794:
790:
786:
785:
781:
780:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
768:
764:
762:
761:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
744:
740:
739:
731:
730:
723:
722:Modern period
720:
716:
715:
711:
710:
709:
706:
702:
699:
697:
694:
693:
692:
689:
685:
682:
680:
677:
676:
675:
672:
670:
669:Ancient India
667:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
652:Attic orators
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
639:
638:
635:
634:
630:
624:
623:
619:
615:
614:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:
592:
590:
588:
585:
581:
575:
573:
572:point of view
569:
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
503:is a form of
502:
498:
494:
486:
482:
477:
471:
460:
457:
442:
439:
431:
419:
418:
413:
408:
404:
399:
398:
389:
386:
378:
367:
364:
360:
357:
353:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336: –
335:
331:
330:Find sources:
324:
320:
314:
313:
308:This article
306:
302:
297:
296:
287:
284:
276:
266:
260:
258:
253:This article
251:
242:
241:
232:
222:
218:
213:
209:
206:This article
204:
200:
195:
194:
185:
182:
174:
164:
163:the talk page
160:
154:
152:
147:This article
145:
136:
135:
126:
123:
115:
105:
101:
97:
91:
89:
82:
73:
72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
6211:Whataboutism
6200:
6181:Scapegoating
6141:Obscurantism
6121:Minimisation
6026:Exaggeration
5928:
5856:Media ethics
5776:Door-to-door
5771:Cold calling
5748:Weasel words
5732:
5655:Fifth column
5549:Push polling
5499:Astroturfing
5461:Pseudo-event
5441:Infotainment
5416:Broadcasting
5335:Urban legend
5258:April Fools'
5131:Testimonials
5101:Infomercials
4928:Dumbing down
4852:Post-Fordism
4842:Mass society
4811:Transparency
4757:
4624:Noam Chomsky
4602:Philosophers
4548:Recuperation
4533:Media circus
4523:Dumbing down
4496:
4389:Media policy
4363:Social media
3968:
3903:South Africa
3890:Web brigades
3826:Cyberwarfare
3808:Useful idiot
3757:Soviet Union
3702:Fintas Group
3594:Global Times
3592:
3561:cyberwarfare
3322:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3295:
3287:
3254:Whataboutism
3249:Urban legend
3238:
3219:Quote mining
2912:
2893:
2889:
2882:Bibliography
2863:
2859:
2853:
2841:. Retrieved
2838:The Guardian
2837:
2827:
2807:
2800:
2789:. Retrieved
2787:. 2009-10-05
2784:
2775:
2765:
2756:
2746:
2730:
2708:(4): 15–23.
2705:
2701:
2695:
2675:
2668:
2648:
2628:The Guardian
2626:
2617:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2570:
2546:(1): 27–31.
2543:
2539:
2533:
2525:
2513:
2506:
2489:
2483:
2460:
2452:
2444:
2432:
2397:black comedy
2372:
2364:
2352:
2310:Media circus
2295:
2289:
2274:
2233:Exaggeration
2179:Astroturfing
2154:
2147:Conservative
2140:
2124:
2114:World at One
2113:
2088:
2065:active voice
2021:
2012:Bill Clinton
2009:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1974:
1949:Gordon Brown
1938:
1919:
1795:Glossophobia
1767:
1686:Constitutive
1645:
1635:
1625:
1615:
1605:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1565:
1555:
1545:
1535:
1525:
1515:
1505:
1495:
1485:
1475:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1269:Rhetoricians
1182:Stump speech
1169:
1099:Invitational
1052:
1037:Dissoi logoi
1035:
1014:Deliberative
1006:Controversia
1004:
967:
960:
934:
927:
920:
893:
886:
874:Pronuntiatio
872:
865:
858:
851:
844:
803:
791:
782:
765:
758:
741:
712:
674:Ancient Rome
576:
560:
556:spinmeisters
555:
552:spin doctors
551:
534:(especially
529:
525:manipulative
517:disingenuous
500:
490:
470:Spin Doctors
452:
434:
425:
414:
381:
372:
362:
355:
348:
341:
329:
317:Please help
312:verification
309:
279:
270:
257:copy editing
255:may require
254:
226:
217:You can help
207:
177:
168:
157:Please help
148:
118:
109:
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
6242:Advertising
6206:Weasel word
6156:Plain folks
6071:Gish gallop
6061:Flag-waving
6016:Doublespeak
6011:Dog whistle
5971:Blood libel
5728:Sound bites
5708:Doublespeak
5559:Wedge issue
5519:Dog whistle
5494:Advertising
5320:Lying press
5305:Gaslighting
5083:Advertising
5058:Occupations
4948:Obfuscation
4938:Half-truths
4731:In academia
4717:Review bomb
4538:Media event
4475:Advertising
4447:Consumerism
4368:State media
4101:Yellow rain
3721:Philippines
3581:Spamouflage
3566:Little Pink
3420:Rothschilds
3410:Red mercury
3125:Gaslighting
3076:Lying press
3046:Doublespeak
2411:Weasel word
2393:Wag the Dog
2381:SpinSpotter
2355:(1995 film)
2297:In The Loop
2257:Gaslighting
2227:Doublespeak
2221:Dog whistle
1875:Wooden iron
1835:Rhetrickery
1810:Oral skills
1746:Composition
1681:Contrastive
1501:(c. 350 BC)
1491:(c. 350 BC)
1481:(c. 350 BC)
1471:(c. 350 BC)
1461:(c. 370 BC)
1321:Demosthenes
1301:Brueggemann
1236:Ideological
1087:Homiletics‎
1000:Declamation
990:Apologetics
840:Five canons
708:Renaissance
691:Middle Ages
513:advertising
415:may not be
18:Spin Doctor
6231:Categories
6081:Half-truth
5986:Censorship
5930:Ad hominem
5829:Media bias
5685:Subversion
5650:False flag
5627:Techniques
5569:Propaganda
5529:Lawn signs
5509:Canvassing
5403:News media
5159:Censorship
5091:Billboards
5043:Hacktivism
5033:Grassroots
4958:Persuasion
4796:Media bias
4697:Occupation
4629:Guy Debord
4511:Techniques
4480:Propaganda
4377:Principles
4353:News media
4333:Mass media
4228:PolitiFact
4156:Opposition
4032:Sandy Hook
3831:on Estonia
3765:Soviet era
3678:Team Jorge
3654:Godi-media
3415:Reptilians
3385:Illuminati
3244:Truthiness
3234:Social bot
3197:Propaganda
3130:Half-truth
3105:False flag
2843:4 November
2791:2019-07-24
2425:References
2387:Truthiness
2346:Sound bite
2086:Robin Cook
2018:Techniques
1985:Kosovo War
1977:Jamie Shea
1961:Joe Trippi
1957:Tony Blair
1941:New Labour
1731:Technology
1721:Procedural
1541:(c. 50 BC)
1527:De Oratore
1391:Quintilian
1386:Protagoras
1241:Metaphoric
1165:Propaganda
1048:Epideictic
962:Sotto voce
916:Persuasion
911:Operations
853:Dispositio
749:Chironomia
568:sound bite
536:government
505:propaganda
485:spin rooms
345:newspapers
265:editing it
171:March 2022
153:to readers
112:March 2022
50:improve it
6247:Deception
6091:Ideograph
6046:Fake news
5791:Promotion
5670:Political
5577:Bandwagon
5504:Attack ad
5383:Publicity
5355:Marketing
5268:Fake news
5230:Religious
5225:Political
5205:Euphemism
5200:Cover-ups
5195:Corporate
5063:Petitions
4953:Orwellian
4923:Deception
4776:Anonymity
4485:Fake news
4461:Deception
4358:Old media
4343:New media
4223:NewsGuard
4218:Logically
4213:Full Fact
4110:Venezuela
4044:Fake news
3932:AK Trolls
3623:Funkspiel
3145:Infodemic
3061:Fake news
3036:Denialism
3031:Deception
2722:143847032
2399:starring
2375:(TV Show)
2373:Spin City
2239:Fake news
2173:Apophasis
2103:of 1964,
2004:The Times
1845:Seduction
1676:Cognitive
1664:Subfields
1591:(100–400)
1346:Isocrates
1286:Augustine
1276:Aristotle
1251:Narrative
1201:Criticism
1146:Philippic
1060:Panegyric
1043:Elocution
1024:Dialectic
944:Situation
805:Facilitas
799:Enthymeme
778:Eloquence
760:Delectare
540:spin room
527:tactics.
521:deceptive
221:talk page
100:talk page
56:talk page
6257:Politics
6111:Newspeak
5976:Buzzword
5738:Transfer
5680:Sedition
5544:Negative
5456:Newspeak
5446:Managing
5388:Research
5363:Branding
5315:Literary
5280:Fakelore
5273:websites
5263:Deepfake
5220:Internet
5111:Modeling
5068:Protests
5048:Internet
4981:Advocacy
4973:Activism
4825:Synonyms
4816:Violence
4692:Graffiti
4425:Ideology
4248:USAFacts
4238:StopFake
4134:Force 47
4039:COVID-19
3963:Euromyth
3714:Peñabots
3588:COVID-19
3493:COVID-19
3478:Vaccines
3343:Examples
3229:Smearing
2896:: 1–23.
2739:Archived
2734:Staff. "
2526:PR Watch
2519:Archived
2340:Sexed up
2166:See also
1716:Pedagogy
1696:Feminist
1467:Rhetoric
1457:Phaedrus
1451:(380 BC)
1401:Richards
1371:Perelman
1219:Pentadic
1214:Dramatic
1158:Suasoria
1136:Diatribe
1077:Forensic
1054:Encomium
1019:Demagogy
888:Imitatio
860:Elocutio
846:Inventio
816:Informal
735:Concepts
662:Sophists
657:Calliope
647:Atticism
642:Asianism
610:Rhetoric
602:a series
600:Part of
544:advisors
497:politics
417:reliable
94:You may
6101:Lawfare
6066:Framing
5961:Big lie
5817:Related
5796:Spaving
5781:Pricing
5723:Slogans
5665:Lawfare
5602:Framing
5582:Big lie
5373:Product
5368:Loyalty
5300:Forgery
5245:Hoaxing
5126:Slogans
5106:Mobiles
4998:Boycott
4906:Context
4801:Privacy
4707:Protest
4662:Boycott
4528:Framing
4122:Vietnam
3793:Seat 12
3664:OpIndia
3616:Germany
3083:Fallacy
3056:Factoid
2994:Big lie
2185:Big lie
2155:The Sun
1998:The Sun
1929:alcohol
1925:tobacco
1761:Related
1736:Therapy
1726:Science
1691:Digital
1571:(c. 50)
1561:(46 BC)
1551:(46 BC)
1531:(55 BC)
1521:(80 BC)
1511:(84 BC)
1447:Gorgias
1416:Toulmin
1411:Tacitus
1361:McLuhan
1336:Gorgias
1331:Erasmus
1326:Derrida
1291:Bakhtin
1281:Aspasia
1246:Mimesis
1209:Cluster
1141:Eristic
1131:Polemic
1126:Oratory
1104:Lecture
867:Memoria
811:Fallacy
754:Decorum
701:Trivium
629:History
593:History
584:leaking
359:scholar
149:may be
6196:Slogan
5421:Circus
5330:Racial
4769:Issues
4567:Others
4233:Snopes
4049:online
3969:Lancet
3915:Turkey
3753:Russia
3709:Mexico
3697:Kuwait
3673:Israel
3532:Canada
3488:autism
3434:Health
3066:online
2919:
2815:
2720:
2683:
2656:
2578:
2151:Labour
1820:Pistis
1815:Orator
1741:Visual
1651:(1970)
1641:(1966)
1631:(1521)
1621:(1305)
1557:Orator
1497:Topics
1426:Weaver
1356:Lysias
1351:Lucian
1341:Hobbes
1316:de Man
1311:Cicero
1109:Public
1092:Sermon
1067:Eulogy
995:Debate
983:Genres
929:Pathos
895:Kairos
882:Hypsos
828:Scheme
793:Eunoia
773:Device
767:Docere
564:slogan
554:" or "
523:, and
361:
354:
347:
340:
332:
219:. The
6186:Senbu
5763:Sales
5466:Scrum
5426:Cycle
5340:Virus
5210:Films
5175:Books
5116:Radio
5096:False
5073:Youth
5053:Media
4986:group
4943:Media
4468:Forms
4301:Media
4027:QAnon
3685:Korea
3642:India
3544:China
3458:Ebola
2974:Types
2718:S2CID
1611:(426)
1601:(102)
1439:Works
1406:Smith
1396:Ramus
1381:Plato
1376:Pizan
1306:Burke
1296:Booth
1231:Genre
1226:Frame
969:Topos
954:Grand
949:Style
936:Logos
922:Ethos
906:Modes
833:Trope
366:JSTOR
352:books
102:, or
6201:Spin
5733:Spin
5310:List
5235:Self
4913:Bias
4712:Punk
4497:Spin
3868:2020
3863:2018
3858:2016
3239:Spin
3140:Hoax
3025:list
2960:and
2917:ISBN
2845:2019
2813:ISBN
2681:ISBN
2654:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2403:and
2353:Spin
2294:and
2112:the
2001:and
1981:NATO
1927:and
1785:Doxa
1581:(95)
1421:Vico
1170:Spin
501:spin
495:and
338:news
5121:Sex
2898:doi
2868:doi
2764:".
2745:".
2710:doi
2625:",
2605:doi
2548:doi
2494:doi
2443:",
2439:, "
2286:BBC
2149:to
2074:or
1860:TED
1706:New
1366:Ong
566:or
558:".
491:In
321:by
6233::
5136:TV
3441:5G
2894:83
2892:.
2864:53
2862:.
2836:.
2783:.
2716:.
2706:13
2704:.
2636:^
2599:.
2560:^
2542:.
2488:.
2468:^
2014:.
604:on
519:,
499:,
487:".
59:.
5905:e
5898:t
5891:v
4891:e
4884:t
4877:v
4286:e
4279:t
4272:v
3755:/
3734:)
3730:(
3027:)
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2943:t
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2923:)
2904:.
2900::
2874:.
2870::
2847:.
2821:.
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2712::
2689:.
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2607::
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2554:.
2550::
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2496::
2490:5
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2089:’
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1890:v
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435:(
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382:(
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363:·
356:·
349:·
342:·
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280:(
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261:.
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