788:
156:
522:
1149:
early
Macintosh, later II's) were more complex and used variable rotational speeds and per-track storage density (at a constant read/record rate) to store more data per disc; for example, between 394 rpm (with 12 sectors per track) and 590 rpm (8 sectors) with Mac's 800 kB double-density drive at a constant 39.4 kB/s (max) β versus 300 rpm, 720 kB and 23 kB/s (max) for double-density drives in other machines.
783:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}1~&{\frac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&&=&{\frac {1}{2\pi }}~&{\text{Hz}}&&=&{\frac {60}{2\pi }}~&{\text{rpm}}\\2\pi ~&{\frac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&&=&1~&{\text{Hz}}&&=&60~&{\text{rpm}}\\{\frac {2\pi }{60}}~&{\frac {\text{rad}}{\text{s}}}&&=&{\frac {1}{60}}~&{\text{Hz}}&&=&1~&{\text{rpm}}\end{aligned}}}
50:
1128:
interfaces and smaller platters to allow these higher speeds, the reduction in storage capacity and ultimate outer-edge speed paying off in much quicker access time and average transfer speed thanks to the high spin rate. Until recently, lower-end and power-efficient laptop drives could be found with
887:
players read their discs at a precise, constant rate (4.3218 Mbit/s of raw physical data for 1.4112 Mbit/s (176.4 KB/s) of usable audio data) and thus must vary the disc's rotational speed from 8 Hz (480 rpm) when reading at the innermost edge to 3.5 Hz (210 rpm) at
1148:
drives typically ran at a constant 300 rpm or occasionally 360 rpm (a relatively slow 5 Hz or 6 Hz) with a constant per-revolution data density, which was simple and inexpensive to implement, though inefficient. Some designs such as those used with older Apple computers (Lisa,
1141:
for use in slimline and ultraportable laptops. Similar to CD and DVD media, the amount of data that can be stored or read for each turn of the disc is greater at the outer edge than near the spindle; however, hard drives keep a constant rotational speed so the effective data rate is faster at the
809:
For a wheel, a pump, or a crank shaft, the number of times that it completes one full cycle in one minute is given the unit revolution per minute. A revolution is one complete period of motion, whether this be circular, reciprocating or some other periodic
1221:(1 kHz β 8.3 kHz) range using a passively magnetic levitated flywheel in a vacuum. The choice of the flywheel material is not the most dense, but the one that pulverises the most safely, at surface speeds about 7 times the speed of sound.
483:
894:
players also usually read discs at a constant linear rate. The disc's rotational speed varies from 25.5 Hz (1530 rpm) when reading at the innermost edge, to 10.5 Hz (630 rpm) at the outer
527:
964:(33 Hz β 50 Hz) when cruising, with a minimum (idle) speed around 750 rpm β 900 rpm (12.5 Hz β 15 Hz), and an upper limit anywhere from 4500 rpm to up to
1137:
spindle speeds (70 Hz or 60 Hz), but these have fallen out of favour due to their lower performance, improvements in energy efficiency in faster models and the takeup of
1491:
408:(reciprocal time) and base unit (s), the hertz (Hz) and radians per second (rad/s) are special names used to express two different but proportional
67:
31:
426:
1324:
997:
409:
114:
133:
86:
93:
1097:
71:
1461:
813:
On many kinds of disc recording media, the rotational speed of the medium under the read head is a standard given in rpm.
496:
884:
363:
100:
1697:
1518:
1104:-based drives in consumer models. High-performance drives (used in fileservers and enthusiast-gaming PCs) rotate at
82:
155:
60:
1370:
1642:
Magariyama, Y.; Sugiyama, S.; Muramoto, K.; Maekawa, Y.; Kawagishi, I.; Imae, Y.; Kudo, S. (October 27, 1994).
1581:
1376:
1202:
1020:
1360:, allowing the latter organism to move in simulated natural conditions at a maximum speed of 540 mm/h.
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914:
1655:
1356:
368:
307:
38:
107:
993:
405:
349:
1407:
1236:
1047:
1174:
engines rotate at tens of thousands of rpm. JetCat model aircraft turbines are capable of over
412:
quantities: frequency and angular frequency, respectively. The conversions between a frequency
1702:
1673:
1618:
1446:
1382:
1307:
1138:
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814:
500:
398:
385:
377:
345:
1560:
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1387:
1338:
504:
394:
303:
1397:
1062:
1054:. Thus an eight-cylinder engine turning 300 times per second will have an exhaust note of
1039:
899:
1659:
932:) rotates at 3000 rpm (50 Hz), 3600 rpm (60 Hz), and over 4000 rpm (
1539:
1392:
1691:
1125:
922:
359:
1285:
1251:
863:
1492:"The Athletic's Eno Sarris talks Spider Tack, Gerrit Cole with Moose & Maggie"
1469:
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341:
49:
1402:
1101:
1081:
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1032:
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950:
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161:
1622:
845:, 45 rpm or 78 rpm (0.28, 0.55, 0.75, or 1.3, respectively, in Hz).
1496:
1422:
1311:
1024:
1013:
1001:
508:
1607:
1373:(CAV) β used when referring to the speed of gramophone (phonograph) records
1677:
981:
910:
488:
Thus a disc rotating at 60 rpm is said to have an angular speed of 2
17:
1142:
edge (conventionally, the "start" of the disc, opposite to a CD or DVD).
1412:
972:(75 Hz β 166 Hz) for a road car, very rarely reaching up to
1668:
1643:
1035:
953:
878:
478:{\displaystyle \omega =2\pi f\,,\qquad f={\frac {\omega }{2\pi }}\,.}
311:
1585:
1016:
512:
330:
1468:. Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). 1996-07-21. Archived from
1121:
891:
43:
1120:(160 Hz β 250 Hz), usually with higher-level SATA,
1224:
A typical 80 mm, 30 CFM computer fan will spin at
1096:(125 Hz β 166 Hz), the most common speeds for the
792:
499:(SI) does not recognize rpm as a unit. It defines units of
383:
A related but distinct quantity for describing rotation is
1608:"A New Look at an Old Idea: The Electromechanical Battery"
881:
hand of a conventional analog clock rotates at 1 rpm.
921:(41.7 Hz); faster rotation yields more movement on
1379:(CLV) β used when referring to the speed of audio CDs
1310:β molecular engines. The rotation rates of bacterial
525:
429:
492: rad/s and a rotation frequency of 1 Hz.
259:
226:
212:
190:
182:
174:
169:
148:
74:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
782:
477:
1232:(43 Hz β 50 Hz) on 12 V DC power.
906:(8 Hz β 46 Hz) during the spin cycles.
1456:
1454:
8:
1050:fires once for every two revolutions of the
817:, for example, typically rotate steadily at
310:) for rotating machines. One revolution per
1023:engine configuration). The exhaust note of
1540:"Double-Density Versus High-Density Disks"
154:
145:
37:"rpm" redirects here. For other uses, see
1667:
1288:can spin at speeds between or as high as
771:
748:
733:
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693:
684:
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134:Learn how and when to remove this message
1561:"Slender and Elegant, It Fuels the Bomb"
1439:
32:Revolutions per minute (disambiguation)
902:'s drum may rotate at 500 rpm to
178:Rotational speed, rotational frequency
164:marked in multiples of a thousand rpm
7:
1281:(1 kHz β 3 kHz) is common.
1065:typically rotates at a rate between
72:adding citations to reliable sources
1617:. University of California: 12β19.
1490:Chichester, Ryan (June 10, 2021).
25:
194:
1038:has a much higher pitch than an
1000:season, with the 2.4 L N/A
397:), for which the SI unit is the
48:
1615:Science & Technology Review
1606:Post, Richard F. (April 1996).
1156:for enriching uranium spins at
815:Phonograph (gramophone) records
449:
59:needs additional citations for
1644:"Very fast flagellar rotation"
980:for certain cars (such as the
956:are typically operated around
1:
497:International System of Units
1584:. JetCat USA. Archived from
1304:(833 Hz β 1666 Hz)
1186:) with the fastest reaching
928:A power-generation turbine (
507:as rad s, and units of
404:Although they have the same
364:instantaneous rate of change
1077:(42 Hz β 166 Hz).
992:for racing engines such as
917:pitcher can rotate at over
848:Air turbine rotating up to
1719:
1004:configuration; limited to
930:with a two-pole alternator
36:
29:
1371:Constant angular velocity
1354:) for polar flagellum of
1314:have been measured to be
416:and an angular frequency
208:
153:
1582:"P60-SE Special Edition"
1377:Constant linear velocity
83:"Revolutions per minute"
27:Unit of rotational speed
1563:. The Electricity Forum
1265:(16.6 kHz), while
1203:Flywheel energy storage
994:those in Formula 1 cars
1325:Salmonella typhimurium
1308:Molecular microbiology
1042:, because each of the
1012:, with the 1.6 L
784:
479:
280:Revolutions per minute
149:Revolutions per minute
1519:"2014 season changes"
1462:"Physical parameters"
1154:Zippe-type centrifuge
915:Major League Baseball
785:
480:
356:number of revolutions
1507:– via MSN.com.
1357:Vibrio alginolyticus
1084:typically rotate at
523:
427:
369:rotational frequency
308:rotational frequency
251: Hz = 0.01
68:improve this article
39:RPM (disambiguation)
30:For other uses, see
1660:1994Natur.371..752M
1466:DVD Technical Notes
866:can rotate at over
862:Modern air turbine
393:, the magnitude of
203:... is equal to ...
170:General information
1698:Units of frequency
1408:Overspeed (engine)
1336:(270 Hz) for
1322:(170 Hz) for
1237:millisecond pulsar
1139:solid-state drives
1048:four-stroke engine
780:
778:
475:
378:reciprocal seconds
267:
261:
234:
228:
220:
214:
1383:Radian per second
800:
799:
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545:
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501:angular frequency
469:
399:radian per second
386:angular frequency
376:), with units of
346:physical quantity
314:is equivalent to
277:
276:
216:SI accepted units
191:Conversions
144:
143:
136:
118:
16:(Redirected from
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1669:10.1038/371752b0
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1447:ISO 80000-3:2019
1444:
1388:Rotational speed
1353:
1349:
1347:
1339:Escherichia coli
1335:
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1319:
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1205:system works at
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874:(13.3 kHz).
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871:
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505:angular velocity
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395:angular velocity
374:rate of rotation
344::2019 defines a
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304:rotational speed
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186:rpm, r/min
158:
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1398:Turn (geometry)
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1063:aircraft engine
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900:washing machine
888:the outer edge.
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5:
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1393:Compressor map
1390:
1385:
1380:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1362:
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1305:
1282:
1248:
1247:(833 Hz).
1239:can have near
1233:
1222:
1199:
1169:
1150:
1143:
1078:
1059:
947:
926:
923:breaking balls
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569:
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515:, equal to s.
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1654:(6500): 752.
1653:
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1635:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
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1599:
1588:on 2012-04-19
1587:
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1532:
1521:. Formula One
1520:
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1493:
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1483:
1472:on 2012-02-19
1471:
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1326:
1313:
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1238:
1234:
1230:3000 rpm
1226:2600 rpm
1223:
1204:
1200:
1173:
1170:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1135:3600 rpm
1131:4200 rpm
1127:
1126:Fibre Channel
1123:
1103:
1099:
1086:7500 rpm
1083:
1079:
1067:2500 rpm
1064:
1060:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1003:
999:
995:
983:
962:3000 rpm
958:2000 rpm
955:
952:
948:
931:
927:
924:
919:2500 rpm
916:
912:
908:
904:2763 rpm
901:
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890:
886:
883:
880:
876:
865:
864:dental drills
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816:
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808:
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795:
794:
763:
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738:
735:
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703:
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669:
653:
648:
646:
625:
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602:
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553:
551:
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519:
518:
516:
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502:
498:
493:
491:
472:
465:
462:
458:
453:
450:
446:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
423:
422:
421:
411:
407:
402:
400:
396:
392:
391:angular speed
388:
387:
381:
379:
375:
371:
370:
365:
361:
360:dimensionless
357:
353:
352:
347:
343:
336:
334:
332:
313:
309:
305:
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297:
293:
289:
285:
282:(abbreviated
281:
265:
263:SI base units
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85: β
84:
80:
79:Find sources:
73:
69:
63:
62:
57:This article
55:
51:
46:
45:
40:
33:
19:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1626:. Retrieved
1614:
1601:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:the original
1576:
1565:. Retrieved
1555:
1544:. Retrieved
1534:
1523:. Retrieved
1513:
1501:. Retrieved
1495:
1485:
1474:. Retrieved
1470:the original
1465:
1442:
1355:
1352:1700 Hz
1342:, and up to
1337:
1323:
1286:supercharger
1252:turbocharger
1196:2763 Hz
1184:1700 Hz
1168:) or faster.
1166:1666 Hz
1056:1200 Hz
996:(during the
913:thrown by a
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175:Unit of
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121:
111:
104:
97:
90:
78:
66:Please help
61:verification
58:
1418:Rev limiter
1172:Gas turbine
1146:Floppy disc
1082:hard drives
342:ISO 80000-3
196:1 rpm
1692:Categories
1628:2008-05-30
1592:2006-07-19
1567:2006-09-24
1546:2012-05-05
1525:2014-08-18
1476:2008-05-30
1434:References
1403:Idle speed
1254:can reach
1052:crankshaft
951:automobile
406:dimensions
366:is called
222:1 min
162:tachometer
94:newspapers
1623:1092-3055
1423:RPM gauge
1348: rpm
1334: rpm
1320: rpm
1302: rpm
1294: rpm
1279: rpm
1271: rpm
1263: rpm
1245: rpm
1219: rpm
1211: rpm
1192: rpm
1180: rpm
1162: rpm
1118: rpm
1110: rpm
1094: rpm
1080:Computer
1075: rpm
1061:A piston
1044:cylinders
1040:I4 engine
1010: rpm
1002:V8 engine
990: rpm
978: rpm
970: rpm
872: rpm
857: rpm
700:π
626:π
603:π
568:π
509:frequency
466:π
459:ω
440:π
431:ω
401:(rad/s).
337:Standards
124:July 2016
18:Spin rate
1703:Rotation
1503:June 14,
1365:See also
1312:flagella
1133:or even
982:GMA T.50
911:baseball
885:Audio CD
859:(25 kHz)
804:Examples
362:, whose
351:rotation
255: Hz
230:SI units
160:A car's
1678:7935835
1656:Bibcode
1542:. Apple
1413:Redline
1036:F1 cars
984:), or
954:engines
949:Modern
941:⁄
840:⁄
826:⁄
810:motion.
348:called
328:
316:
292:rev/min
273: s
249:
237:
108:scholar
1676:
1648:Nature
1621:
1031:, and
1021:hybrid
879:second
796:
767:
744:
709:
680:
657:
629:
609:
574:
534:
312:minute
198:in ...
183:Symbol
110:
103:
96:
89:
81:
1611:(PDF)
1429:Notes
1046:of a
1017:turbo
895:edge.
420:are:
380:(s).
331:hertz
300:rβ
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298:, or
296:r/min
115:JSTOR
101:books
1674:PMID
1619:ISSN
1505:2021
1497:WFAN
1122:SCSI
1102:SATA
1069:and
998:2006
877:The
503:and
495:The
389:(or
372:(or
354:(or
306:(or
269:0.01
87:news
1664:doi
1652:371
1346:000
1344:500
1332:200
1318:200
1300:000
1298:100
1292:000
1277:000
1275:250
1269:000
1267:100
1261:000
1258:000
1243:000
1217:000
1215:500
1209:000
1190:780
1188:165
1178:000
1176:100
1160:000
1158:100
1124:or
1116:000
1108:000
1100:or
1098:ATA
1092:000
1073:000
1033:V12
1029:V10
1008:000
988:000
976:000
968:000
946:Hz)
892:DVD
870:000
868:800
855:000
852:500
773:rpm
716:rad
686:rpm
636:rad
615:rpm
541:rad
511:as
410:ISQ
358:),
288:RPM
284:rpm
70:by
1694::
1672:.
1662:.
1650:.
1646:.
1613:.
1494:.
1464:.
1453:^
1330:16
1328:,
1316:10
1296:β
1290:50
1284:A
1273:β
1250:A
1241:50
1235:A
1228:β
1213:β
1207:60
1201:A
1198:).
1152:A
1114:15
1112:β
1106:10
1090:10
1088:β
1071:10
1027:,
1025:V8
1014:V6
1006:15
986:22
974:12
966:10
960:β
934:66
909:A
898:A
833:33
831:,
819:16
750:Hz
739:60
704:60
677:60
663:Hz
596:60
580:Hz
513:Hz
333:.
325:60
294:,
290:,
286:,
246:60
1680:.
1666::
1658::
1631:.
1595:.
1570:.
1549:.
1528:.
1479:.
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1182:(
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943:3
939:2
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925:.
850:1
842:3
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828:3
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821:+
764:1
759:=
736:1
729:=
719:s
697:2
672:=
654:1
649:=
639:s
623:2
600:2
589:=
565:2
561:1
554:=
544:s
531:1
490:Ο
473:.
463:2
454:=
451:f
447:,
443:f
437:2
434:=
418:Ο
414:f
322:/
319:1
271:6
253:6
243:/
240:1
137:)
131:(
126:)
122:(
112:Β·
105:Β·
98:Β·
91:Β·
64:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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