166:
158:
117:
271:. In contrast to the laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh plan of action there is a significant higher risk associated with complications and recurrence rates during the period following a surgical operation. A Spigelian hernia becomes immediately operative once the risk of incarceration is confirmed. Today, a Spigelian hernia can be repaired by doing
186:. The bulge may be painful when the patient stretches but then goes away when they are lying down in a resting position. However, a number of patients present with no obvious symptoms but vague tenderness along the area in which the Spigelian fascia is located.
2437:
2422:
1948:
81:
through a hole causing a defect. As a result, it creates the movement of an organ or a loop of intestine in the weakened body space that it is not supposed to be in. It is at this separation (
1126:
1630:
287:
repair is an uncomplicated approach to small
Spigelian hernias combined with the benefits of a closure without the anguish and cost associated with foreign material.
279:
on the same day. This novel, uncomplicated approach to small
Spigelian hernias combines the benefits of laparoscopic localization, reduction, and closure without the
923:
Ghosh, Sanjib Kumar; Sharma, Suranjali; Biswas, Sudipa; Chakraborty, Soumya (2014). "Adriaan van den
Spiegel (1578–1625): Anatomist, physician, and botanist".
1225:
1264:
182:. The patient may have a protuberance when standing in an upright position although discomfort can sometimes be confused by its anatomical region for a
1119:
146:
are rare compared to other types of hernias because they do not develop under abdominal layers of fat but between fascia tissue that connects to
310:
in 1627. The history of the
Spigelian hernia was acknowledged in 1645, twenty years after Spiegel's death. In 1764, almost a century later, the
1492:
1705:
1112:
2377:
2224:
1097:
2122:
2263:
1875:
1858:
1363:
1358:
1235:
1388:
2117:
2073:
1967:
1789:
675:
Jamadar DA, Jacobson JA, Morag Y, Girish G, Ebrahim F, Gest T, Franz M (July 2006). "Sonography of inguinal region hernias".
2328:
150:. The Spigelian hernia is generally smaller in diameter, typically measuring 1–2 cm., and the risk of tissue becoming
2174:
39:
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1602:
1210:
256:
86:
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1663:
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218:
1936:
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1962:
911:
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Individuals typically present with either intermittent pain, a lump or mass, all which are classic signs of a
2207:
1984:
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1517:
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295:
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2011:
1994:
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1205:
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1144:
1136:
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Larson, David W.; Farley, David R. (2002-10-01). "Spigelian
Hernias: Repair and Outcome for 81 Patients".
306:
during the 17th century. He became a professor of surgery in 1619 and was the first to describe this rare
272:
70:
2219:
2127:
2088:
2016:
264:
206:
2138:
1319:
989:
Raveenthiran V (Dec 2005). "Congenital
Spigelian hernia with cryptorchidism: probably a new syndrome".
518:
2258:
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2023:
1919:
1502:
1497:
1331:
1249:
1215:
339:
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2055:
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1999:
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792:
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657:
448:
397:
343:
1668:
1466:
869:
Bittner, James G. IV (2010-10-02). "Mesh-free
Laparoscopic Repair of Small Spigelian Hernias".
165:
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1696:
1065:
1006:
948:
940:
894:
886:
851:
833:
784:
767:
Vos DI, Scheltinga MR (2004). "Incidence and outcome of surgical repair of spigelian hernia".
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605:
587:
548:
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499:
440:
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389:
347:
228:
179:
129:
47:
35:
24:
231:. The diagnosis of a Spigelian hernia is traditionally difficult if only given a history and
2471:
2389:
2304:
2294:
2156:
2028:
1956:
1774:
1681:
1676:
1606:
1565:
1373:
1338:
1055:
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998:
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236:
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2043:
1914:
1779:
1715:
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1536:
1527:
1477:
1417:
1302:
1279:
1034:"Pantaloon Hernia: Obstructed indirect Component and Direct Component with Cryptorchidism"
244:
134:
62:
1104:
468:"Diagnosis and management of Spigelian Hernia: A review of literature and our experience"
1091:
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2384:
2299:
1853:
1826:
1691:
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467:
331:
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78:
66:
51:
43:
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2317:
2270:
2063:
2006:
1989:
1901:
1646:
1473:
1348:
1314:
1259:
753:
712:"Laparoscopic Repair of Right Spigelian Hernia and Umbilical Hernia. - PubMed - NCBI"
583:
268:
1018:
960:
796:
661:
452:
401:
318:, was acknowledged for recognizing and describing a hernia located in the Spigelian
2192:
2104:
1977:
1880:
1831:
1816:
1811:
1807:
1720:
1545:
1461:
1353:
1343:
1309:
210:
157:
73:
in that weak space between the abdominal wall muscles, that ultimately pushes the
1086:
974:
Uchiyama, Kiichiro (1998). "Reports on
Experiments Kilchiro and Clinical Cases".
882:
535:
2372:
2134:
2112:
1943:
1863:
1507:
1408:
1161:
260:
221:
124:
Transverse CT image of the abdomen in a patient with a
Spigelian hernia (arrow).
82:
55:
28:
812:"Open Intraperitoneal Onlay Mesh (IPOM) Technique for Incisional Hernia Repair"
728:
711:
644:
627:
384:
367:
116:
2431:
2148:
1821:
1799:
1444:
1383:
1002:
428:
247:
medical professional, will be advised to see a physician to schedule surgery.
214:
194:
74:
944:
890:
837:
828:
737:
591:
568:"Radiological and clinical examination in the diagnosis of Spigelian hernias"
544:
436:
2098:
2068:
1931:
1909:
1762:
1613:
1587:
1449:
1439:
1326:
1287:
1220:
517:
Zucker, Benjamin; Malietzis, George; Kontovounisios, Christos (2017-10-01).
484:
1069:
1050:
1010:
952:
898:
855:
788:
745:
696:
653:
626:
Bittner JG, Edwards MA, Shah MB, MacFadyen BV, Mellinger JD (August 2008).
609:
552:
503:
444:
393:
466:
Mittal, T; Kumar, V; Sharma, R; Soni, V; Baijal, M; Chowbey, P.K. (2008).
1732:
1710:
1422:
368:"Spigelian hernia: surgical anatomy, embryology, and technique of repair"
335:
2414:
688:
1784:
1550:
1454:
1426:
338:) occur together. Some common complications of this distinct syndrome
299:
280:
198:
161:
Photograph by AfroBrazilian, distributed under a CC BY-SA 3.0 license.
2426:
2250:
1868:
1754:
936:
780:
319:
307:
240:
224:
147:
143:
90:
31:
330:
Raveenthiran described a new syndrome in which
Spigelian hernia and
283:
and cost associated with foreign material. Mesh-free laparoscopic
267:. Surgery is straightforward, with only larger defects requiring a
1700:
1430:
202:
201:
will provide better imaging for the detection of a hernia than an
164:
156:
243:
surgery, after receiving an initial diagnostic consultation by a
1108:
871:
Surgical Laparoscopy Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques
810:
Köckerling, Ferdinand; Lammers, Bernhard (2018-10-23).
2404:
2408:
2363:
2249:
2242:
2183:
2097:
2054:
1900:
1891:
1844:
1798:
1753:
1639:
1526:
1416:
1403:
1278:
1152:
1143:
128:
106:
101:
572:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
255:The Spigelian hernia can be repaired by either an
628:"Mesh-free laparoscopic spigelian hernia repair"
1032:Kariappa, Mohan Kumar; Vivek, Harihar (2016).
1120:
34:pushes through a hole in the junction of the
8:
1226:Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction
566:Light, D; Chattopadhyay, D; Bawa, S (2013).
2405:
2246:
1897:
1413:
1265:Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis
1149:
1127:
1113:
1105:
115:
98:
1059:
1049:
845:
827:
727:
643:
621:
619:
599:
534:
493:
483:
383:
366:Skandalakis, PN; Zoras, O (2006-12-01).
322:, and coined the term Spigelian hernia.
209:should move from lateral to medially, a
1098:Laparoscopic Repair of Spigelian Hernia
358:
677:AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
519:"An Unexpected Cause of Acute Abdomen"
42:, creating a bulge. It appears in the
1493:Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
235:. People who are good candidates for
7:
263:surgery because of the high risk of
912:Understanding Strangulated Hernias
14:
2378:Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2225:Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
472:Journal of Minimal Access Surgery
2123:Secondary sclerosing cholangitis
584:10.1308/003588413X13511609957092
1364:Gastric antral vascular ectasia
1359:Portal hypertensive gastropathy
1236:Gastroesophageal reflux disease
2118:Primary sclerosing cholangitis
1968:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
1790:Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
769:The British Journal of Surgery
1:
2175:Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
638:(8): 713–20, discussion 720.
44:lower quadrant of the abdomen
2084:Postcholecystectomy syndrome
1603:Intestinal pseudoobstruction
1211:Esophageal motility disorder
976:Spigelian Hernia: Case Study
883:10.1097/SLE.0b013e3181cb842c
536:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.01.057
169:Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery
2488:
2069:Gallstone / Cholelithiasis
1593:Functional colonic disease
1389:Zollinger–Ellison syndrome
729:10.1177/000313481908500514
645:10.1177/000313480807400808
385:10.1177/000313480607200110
61:It is the protuberance of
1270:Acute esophageal necrosis
1003:10.1007/s10029-005-0316-z
710:Tom, SK; Tom, TN (2019).
429:10.1007/s00268-002-6605-0
123:
114:
46:between an area of dense
1369:Gastric dumping syndrome
1244:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
1231:Diffuse esophageal spasm
829:10.3389/fsurg.2018.00066
417:World Journal of Surgery
1985:Alcoholic liver disease
1518:Bile acid malabsorption
1462:Peptic (duodenal) ulcer
1087:Adriaan van den Spiegel
1038:Case Reports in Surgery
485:10.4103/0972-9941.45204
296:Adriaan van den Spiegel
89:abdominal region, that
1995:Hepatic encephalopathy
1379:Buried bumper syndrome
1310:Peptic (gastric) ulcer
1194:Mallory–Weiss syndrome
1137:human digestive system
275:and most patients are
170:
162:
110:Lateral ventral hernia
93:most commonly occurs.
52:abdominal wall muscles
2220:Pancreatic pseudocyst
2089:Porcelain gallbladder
1201:Zenker's diverticulum
326:Raveenthiran syndrome
168:
160:
54:causing a (Spigelian
2024:Hepatorenal syndrome
1963:Budd–Chiari syndrome
1920:Autoimmune hepatitis
1745:Intestinal adhesions
1503:Short bowel syndrome
1332:Functional dyspepsia
1250:Esophageal stricture
1216:Nutcracker esophagus
1051:10.1155/2016/1461425
816:Frontiers in Surgery
716:The American Surgeon
632:The American Surgeon
372:The American Surgeon
233:physical examination
217:and medially to the
2163:Choledocholithiasis
2034:Metabolic disorders
2000:Acute liver failure
1973:Portal hypertension
1925:Alcoholic hepatitis
1768:Radiation proctitis
1687:Mesenteric ischemia
1659:Gastroenterocolitis
1488:Blind loop syndrome
1298:Ménétrier's disease
1206:Barrett's esophagus
689:10.2214/AJR.05.1813
304:University of Padua
273:robotic laparoscopy
213:mass should appear
2338:Undefined location
2329:Grynfeltt–Lesshaft
2230:Pancreatic fistula
2213:Pancreatic abscess
2168:Biliary dyskinesia
2139:Mirizzi's syndrome
1640:Large and/or small
1320:Dieulafoy's lesion
1189:Boerhaave syndrome
346:, and its link to
344:testicular torsion
174:Signs and symptoms
171:
163:
16:Surgical condition
2456:
2455:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2238:
2237:
1840:
1839:
1697:Bowel obstruction
1399:
1398:
423:(10): 1277–1281.
348:testicular cancer
229:Valsalva maneuver
184:peptic ulceration
180:bowel obstruction
140:
139:
96:Medical condition
36:linea semilunaris
2479:
2406:
2390:Pneumoperitoneum
2247:
2157:Common bile duct
2039:Wilson's disease
2029:Peliosis hepatis
1898:
1775:Proctalgia fugax
1682:Abdominal angina
1607:Ogilvie syndrome
1556:Pseudomembranous
1414:
1374:Gastric volvulus
1339:Pyloric stenosis
1150:
1135:Diseases of the
1129:
1122:
1115:
1106:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1029:
1023:
1022:
986:
980:
979:
971:
965:
964:
937:10.1002/ca.22414
925:Clinical Anatomy
920:
914:
909:
903:
902:
866:
860:
859:
849:
831:
807:
801:
800:
781:10.1002/bjs.4524
764:
758:
757:
731:
722:(5): e268–e270.
707:
701:
700:
672:
666:
665:
647:
623:
614:
613:
603:
563:
557:
556:
538:
523:Gastroenterology
514:
508:
507:
497:
487:
463:
457:
456:
412:
406:
405:
387:
363:
207:ultrasound probe
119:
102:Spigelian hernia
99:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2417:
2403:
2394:
2359:
2348:Internal hernia
2234:
2179:
2144:Biliary fistula
2102:
2093:
2079:Adenomyomatosis
2074:Cholesterolosis
2050:
2044:Hemochromatosis
1915:Viral hepatitis
1887:
1836:
1794:
1780:Rectal prolapse
1749:
1716:Fecal impaction
1706:Intussusception
1669:Crohn's disease
1635:
1618:Toxic megacolon
1530:
1528:Large intestine
1522:
1467:Curling's ulcer
1420:
1418:Small intestine
1407:
1395:
1303:Gastroenteritis
1274:
1139:
1133:
1082:
1077:
1031:
1030:
1026:
988:
987:
983:
973:
972:
968:
922:
921:
917:
910:
906:
868:
867:
863:
809:
808:
804:
766:
765:
761:
709:
708:
704:
674:
673:
669:
625:
624:
617:
565:
564:
560:
516:
515:
511:
465:
464:
460:
414:
413:
409:
365:
364:
360:
356:
328:
316:Josef Klinkosch
293:
269:mesh prosthesis
253:
192:
176:
135:General surgery
97:
77:or superficial
23:is the type of
17:
12:
11:
5:
2485:
2483:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2463:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2434:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:Classification
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2387:
2385:Hemoperitoneum
2382:
2381:
2380:
2369:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2357:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2334:
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2332:
2331:
2326:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2109:
2107:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1856:
1854:Blood in stool
1850:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1827:Anal dysplasia
1824:
1819:
1814:
1804:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1771:
1770:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1740:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1694:
1692:Angiodysplasia
1689:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1627:Diverticulosis
1623:Diverticulitis
1620:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1600:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1548:
1542:
1540:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1515:
1513:Milroy disease
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:Tropical sprue
1480:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1459:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1436:
1434:
1411:
1405:Lower GI tract
1401:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1284:
1282:
1276:
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1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
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1241:
1240:
1239:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1158:
1156:
1147:
1145:Upper GI tract
1141:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1094:
1081:
1080:External links
1078:
1076:
1075:
1024:
981:
966:
931:(7): 952–957.
915:
904:
861:
802:
759:
702:
667:
615:
558:
509:
458:
407:
357:
355:
352:
340:cryptorchidism
332:cryptorchidism
327:
324:
292:
289:
257:open procedure
252:
249:
191:
188:
175:
172:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
121:
120:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
95:
67:adipose tissue
48:fibrous tissue
25:ventral hernia
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2484:
2473:
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2469:
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2448:
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2411:
2407:
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2386:
2383:
2379:
2376:
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2374:
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2370:
2368:
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2339:
2336:
2335:
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2327:
2325:
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2321:
2320:
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2315:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2260:
2259:Diaphragmatic
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2241:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2064:Cholecystitis
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2007:Liver abscess
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1990:Liver failure
1988:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1647:Enterocolitis
1645:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:Malabsorption
1472:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1349:Gastroparesis
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1315:Cushing ulcer
1313:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Megaesophagus
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1093:
1092:Who Named It?
1089:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1028:
1025:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:(4): 378–80.
996:
992:
985:
982:
977:
970:
967:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
919:
916:
913:
908:
905:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
865:
862:
857:
853:
848:
843:
839:
835:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
806:
803:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
763:
760:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
730:
725:
721:
717:
713:
706:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
683:(1): 185–90.
682:
678:
671:
668:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
620:
616:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
578:(2): 98–100.
577:
573:
569:
562:
559:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
532:
528:
524:
520:
513:
510:
505:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
477:
473:
469:
462:
459:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
418:
411:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
362:
359:
353:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
334:(undescended
333:
325:
323:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
290:
288:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
265:strangulation
262:
258:
250:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
197:Imaging or a
196:
189:
187:
185:
181:
173:
167:
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
136:
133:
131:
127:
122:
118:
113:
109:
105:
100:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
30:
26:
22:
2458:
2436:
2421:
2337:
2316:
2309:
2193:Pancreatitis
2155:
2105:biliary tree
1978:Nutmeg liver
1955:
1881:Hematochezia
1832:Pruritus ani
1817:Anal abscess
1812:Anal fistula
1808:Anal fissure
1721:Constipation
1675:
1546:Appendicitis
1354:Gastroptosis
1344:Achlorhydria
1183:
1172:Eosinophilic
1096:
1085:
1041:
1037:
1027:
994:
990:
984:
975:
969:
928:
924:
918:
907:
877:(1): 63–64.
874:
870:
864:
819:
815:
805:
775:(5): 640–4.
772:
768:
762:
719:
715:
705:
680:
676:
670:
635:
631:
575:
571:
561:
529:(4): e4–e5.
526:
522:
512:
478:(4): 95–98.
475:
471:
461:
420:
416:
410:
375:
371:
361:
329:
294:
261:laparoscopic
254:
193:
177:
152:strangulated
141:
79:fatty tissue
60:
40:arcuate line
20:
18:
2373:Peritonitis
2135:Cholestasis
2113:Cholangitis
2056:Gallbladder
1944:Fatty liver
1864:Hematemesis
1846:GI bleeding
1652:Necrotizing
1581:Lymphocytic
1576:Collagenous
1571:Microscopic
1508:Steatorrhea
1409:Enteropathy
1255:Inlet patch
1177:Herpetiform
1162:Esophagitis
1044:: 1461425.
378:(1): 42–8.
314:anatomist,
107:Other names
83:aponeurosis
56:aponeurosis
29:aponeurotic
2365:Peritoneal
2343:Incisional
2264:Congenital
2208:Hereditary
2185:Pancreatic
2149:Haemobilia
1822:Hemorrhoid
1800:Anal canal
1738:Infectious
1726:Functional
1561:Ulcerative
1445:Duodenitis
1384:Gastrinoma
354:References
277:discharged
239:Spigelian
222:epigastric
215:anteriorly
211:hypoechoic
195:Ultrasound
142:Spigelian
91:herniation
75:intestines
2353:Richter's
2310:Spigelian
2305:Obturator
2295:Umbilical
2128:Ascending
2099:Bile duct
1932:Cirrhosis
1910:Hepatitis
1893:Accessory
1763:Proctitis
1614:Megacolon
1588:Dysentery
1498:Whipple's
1450:Jejunitis
1440:Enteritis
1327:Dyspepsia
1288:Gastritis
1221:Achalasia
1154:Esophagus
945:1098-2353
891:1530-4515
838:2296-875X
754:174813338
738:1555-9823
592:0035-8843
545:0016-5085
437:1432-2323
300:anatomist
281:morbidity
251:Treatment
190:Diagnosis
130:Specialty
85:) in the
21:Spigelian
2466:Category
2283:Indirect
2278:Inguinal
2012:Pyogenic
1957:Vascular
1733:Diarrhea
1711:Volvulus
1677:Vascular
1616: /
1605: /
1566:Ischemic
1533:Appendix
1423:Duodenum
1293:Atrophic
1167:Candidal
1070:27579208
1019:28058188
1011:15782280
961:12342472
953:24811238
899:20173625
856:30406110
797:37633720
789:15122618
746:31126386
697:16794175
662:31085191
654:18705572
610:23484989
553:28881194
504:19547696
453:24674266
445:12205553
402:26111951
394:16494181
245:licensed
237:elective
219:inferior
154:is high.
38:and the
2472:Hernias
2324:Petit's
2300:Femoral
2203:Chronic
2017:Amoebic
1785:Anismus
1551:Colitis
1478:Coeliac
1455:Ileitis
1427:Jejunum
1280:Stomach
1184:Rupture
1100:Medtube
1061:4989057
847:6206818
601:4098597
495:2699222
312:Flemish
302:at the
298:was an
227:during
199:CT scan
144:hernias
87:ventral
63:omentum
2447:553.29
2318:Lumbar
2288:Direct
2271:Hiatus
2251:Hernia
2103:Other
1869:Melena
1755:Rectum
1238:(GERD)
1068:
1058:
1017:
1009:
991:Hernia
959:
951:
943:
897:
889:
854:
844:
836:
822:: 66.
795:
787:
752:
744:
736:
695:
660:
652:
608:
598:
590:
551:
543:
502:
492:
451:
443:
435:
400:
392:
336:testis
320:fascia
308:hernia
291:Eponym
285:suture
241:hernia
225:artery
205:. The
148:muscle
32:fascia
27:where
2432:K43.9
2243:Other
2198:Acute
1949:MASLD
1902:Liver
1876:Lower
1859:Upper
1701:Ileus
1537:Colon
1431:Ileum
1246:(LPR)
1015:S2CID
957:S2CID
793:S2CID
750:S2CID
658:S2CID
449:S2CID
398:S2CID
203:X-ray
71:bowel
69:, or
2442:9-CM
1631:SCAD
1066:PMID
1042:2011
1007:PMID
949:PMID
941:ISSN
895:PMID
887:ISSN
852:PMID
834:ISSN
785:PMID
742:PMID
734:ISSN
693:PMID
650:PMID
606:PMID
588:ISSN
549:PMID
541:ISSN
500:PMID
441:PMID
433:ISSN
390:PMID
342:are
50:and
2438:ICD
2423:ICD
1937:PBC
1664:IBD
1598:IBS
1090:at
1056:PMC
1046:doi
999:doi
933:doi
879:doi
842:PMC
824:doi
777:doi
724:doi
685:doi
681:187
640:doi
596:PMC
580:doi
531:doi
527:153
490:PMC
480:doi
425:doi
380:doi
259:or
58:).
2468::
2445::
2430::
2427:10
2101:/
1699::
1680::
1476::
1064:.
1054:.
1040:.
1036:.
1013:.
1005:.
993:.
955:.
947:.
939:.
929:27
927:.
893:.
885:.
875:20
873:.
850:.
840:.
832:.
818:.
814:.
791:.
783:.
773:91
771:.
748:.
740:.
732:.
720:85
718:.
714:.
691:.
679:.
656:.
648:.
636:74
634:.
630:.
618:^
604:.
594:.
586:.
576:95
574:.
570:.
547:.
539:.
525:.
521:.
498:.
488:.
474:.
470:.
447:.
439:.
431:.
421:26
419:.
396:.
388:.
376:72
374:.
370:.
350:.
65:,
19:A
2440:-
2425:-
2415:D
2137:/
1810:/
1629:/
1625:/
1539:)
1535:/
1531:(
1433:)
1429:/
1425:/
1421:(
1128:e
1121:t
1114:v
1072:.
1048::
1021:.
1001::
995:9
978:.
963:.
935::
901:.
881::
858:.
826::
820:5
799:.
779::
756:.
726::
699:.
687::
664:.
642::
612:.
582::
555:.
533::
506:.
482::
476:4
455:.
427::
404:.
382::
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