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An attempt to upgrade and repair the 1985 tunnel began in 2021 but was halted due to concerns over damages to the pumice plain. The project restarted in 2024 and a temporary road, following the prior access path to the lake, will be rebuilt with future work to involve the installation of gates to the
321:
valley at its outlet, raising the surface elevation of the lake by between 197 ft (60 m) and 206 ft (63 m). The surface area of the lake was increased from 1,300 acres to about 2,200 acres and its maximum depth decreased from 190 ft (58 m) to 110 ft (34 m). The
276:
The body of water was named "Spirit" by settlers after histories from Native
American people in the area spoke of haunting spirits at the lake. The spirits, telling a story of life and death, formed out of the mists into various shapes of trees and animals, foretelling impending doom but good fortune
297:
deposits from Mount St. Helens to form the pre-1980 Spirit Lake. The longest branch of Spirit Lake was about 2.1 miles (3.4 km) long. A stable outlet channel flowed from the lake to the North Fork Toutle River across a natural dam composed of volcanic material. The level of Spirit Lake remained
316:
trees, other plant material, volcanic ash, and volcanic debris of various origins into Spirit Lake. The deposition of this volcanic material decreased the lake volume by approximately 56,000,000 cubic metres (45,000 acre⋅ft). Lahar and pyroclastic-flow deposits from the eruption blocked its
280:
A post office named Spirit Lake existed for a brief time, renamed to "Lange" in 1910 after the postmaster. Early mining around the lake began at the turn of the 20th century and necessitated the first road to the area in 1901, replacing a treacherous trail considered unfit for wagons.
306:
During the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Spirit Lake received the full impact of the lateral blast from the volcano. The blast and the debris avalanche associated with this eruption temporarily displaced much of the lake from its bed and forced lake waters as a
365:
and into the North Fork of the Toutle River. Had the lake level not been stabilized, the dam, which was composed of volcanic avalanche debris created by the 1980 eruption, would have been breached and caused catastrophic flooding within the Toutle River Valley.
337:. Scientists predicted that the lake would not recover quickly, but the reemergence of phytoplankton starting in 1983 began to restore oxygen levels. Amphibians such as frogs and salamanders recolonized the lake, and fish (reintroduced by fishermen) thrived.
1019:
406:), both of which are found only in small areas across the world. Recent climate data for the area is not available to confirm whether the post-eruption site still has either one of these rare climate types.
264:), Harmony Fall Lodge, and another for the general public. There were also several lodges accessible to visitors, including Spirit Lake Lodge and Mt. St. Helens Lodge. The latter was owned and operated by
959:
311:
as much as 850 ft (260 m) above lake level on the mountain slopes along the north shoreline of the lake. The debris avalanche deposited about 430,000,000 cubic metres (350,000 acre⋅ft) of
289:
Prior to 1980, Spirit Lake consisted of two arms that occupied what had been the valleys of the North Fork Toutle River and a tributary. About 4,000 years ago, these valleys were blocked by
1031:
1298:
Effects of the
Eruptions of Mount St. Helens on Physical, Chemical, and Biological Characteristics of Surface Water, Ground Water, and Precipitation in the Western United States.
1025:
Shows the major changes in hydrology of Mount Saint Helens after its 1980 eruption, including artificial modifications designed to mitigate sediment and water flow.
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144:
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to prevent the buildup of logs. During the efforts planned through 2027, several trails surrounding the area will no longer be accessible during weekdays.
121:
52:
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eruption tore thousands of trees from the surrounding hillsides and swept them into Spirit Lake. These thousands of shattered trees formed a floating
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completed in 1985. The 8,465-foot-long (2,580 m) tunnel was cut through Harrys Ridge to South
Coldwater Creek, which flows to
399:
387:
1240:
1211:
1483:
Geology and ground-water hydrology of Spirit Lake blockage, Mount St. Helens, Washington, with implications for lake retention.
995:
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Pre-eruption weather data from the Spirit Lake Ranger
Station indicates the area either had the rare dry-summer variant of the
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20:
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125:
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Development and routing of mudflow resulting from hypothetical failure of Spirit Lake debris dam, Washington.
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The water level of Spirit Lake is maintained at about 3,406 ft (1,040 m) by draining water through
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196:
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Mudflow hazards along the Toutle and
Cowlitz Rivers from a hypothetical failure of Spirit Lake blockage.
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seeping up from the lake bed. A month after the eruption, the bacteria-carrying water was devoid of
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1386:"Mountain on the move Spirit Lake Outlet Tunnel team plans to repair movement to tunnel floor"
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Water-Resources
Investigations Report no. 91-4028. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
1359:
Water-Resources
Investigations Report no. 82-4125. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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249:
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345:
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Scale 1:62,500, Open-File Report no. 2002-468. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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scale 1:24,000, Geologic
Quadrangle no. 1681, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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scale 1:24,000, Geologic
Quadrangle no. 1679, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
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on the lake surface that covered about 40% of the lake's surface after the eruption.
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1095:"40-Years Ago Today: Spirit Lake BSA Camp Destroyed by Mount St. Helens Eruption"
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Professional Paper no. 1250. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. 844 pp.
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in the afterlife. Any person who saw the apparitions were dead within a week.
248:. Previously there had been six camps on the shore of Spirit Lake: Boy Scout (
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Geologic map of the Spirit Lake West quadrangle, Skamania County, Washington.
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Geologic map of the Spirit Lake East quadrangle, Skamania County, Washington.
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3,406 feet (1,038 m) (3,198 ft (975 m) before May 18, 1980)
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1268:
Geologic Map of Mount St. Helens, Washington Prior to the 1980 Eruption.
1513:
Documentary produced by Oregon Field Guide, Oregon Public
Broadcasting.
323:
177:
1301:
Water-Supply Paper no. 2438. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
1084:
Open-File Report no. 82-771. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
298:
basically stable, at an altitude of about 3,198 ft (970 m).
189:
334:
1316:
Springer Science+Business Media, Inc., New York, New York, 342 pp.
1416:"Some Mount St. Helens trails will close on weekdays through 2027"
344:
329:
After the eruption, Spirit Lake contained highly toxic water with
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965:
Spirit Lake filled with debris from the eruption. October 4, 1980
233:
1471:
CVO Photo Archives: Hydrology and Hydrologic Monitoring Images.
1313:
Ecological Responses to the 1980 Eruption of Mount St. Helens.
1486:
Bulletin no. 1789. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia.
244:. It was a popular tourist destination for many years until
1477:, United States Geological Survey, Vancouver, Washington.
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Climate data for Spirit Lake Ranger Station, 1932-1956
1310:
Dale, VH, FJ Swanson, and CM Crisafulli, eds. (2005)
1283:
The 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens, Washington.
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1134:. San Francisco, California: Arcadia Publishing.
268:, a noted victim of the volcano's 1980 eruption.
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1059:USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory: Spirit Lake.
1013:Spirit Lake with tree mats and Mount St. Helens
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8:
1280:Lipman, PW., and DR Mullineaux, eds. (1981)
1480:Glicken, HX, W Meyer, and MA Sabol, (1989)
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122:Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
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25:
19:For other places with the same name, see
16:Lake in Skamania County, Washington, U.S.
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943:
1424:The Daily News (Longview, Washington)
7:
1532:Lakes of Skamania County, Washington
1510:Ecological Mysteries of Spirit Lake
1081:Filling of Spirit Lake, Washington.
317:natural pre-eruption outlet to the
92:
59:
1498:Evarts, RC, and RP Ashley (1993b)
1489:Evarts, RC, and RP Ashley (1993a)
1078:Meyer, W, and PJ Carpenter (1983)
240:, United States, located north of
14:
1447:. Western Regional Climate Center
396:cold-summer mediterranean climate
1353:Swift, CH, and DL Kresch (1983)
1228:See third column, last paragraph
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1542:Gifford Pinchot National Forest
1064:, Cascades Volcano Observatory.
977:Logs covering Spirit Lake, 2009
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105:Spirit Lake (the United States)
40:Aerial view of the lake in 2005
1001:Tree mats on Spirit Lake, 2012
302:1980 Mount St. Helens eruption
254:Girl Scout Camp at Spirit Lake
75:Show map of Washington (state)
1:
1445:"SPIRIT LAKE RS, WA (457919)"
1247:. October 25, 1901. p. 9
817:Average snowfall inches (cm)
400:Köppen climate classification
388:Köppen climate classification
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108:Show map of the United States
1475:Cascades Volcano Observatory
1395:. US Army Corps of Engineers
1338:The Recovery of Spirit Lake.
1218:. August 30, 1091. p. 9
72:Location in Washington state
1527:Lakes of Washington (state)
887:Average precipitation days
603:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
533:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
238:Skamania County, Washington
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1192:. June 6, 1953. p. 6D
1164:. June 21, 1900. p. 4
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1241:"For A Road To The Mines"
1156:"A Wonderful Spirit Lake"
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1184:"Spirit Lake Fame Grows"
1245:The Chehalis Bee-Nugget
1216:The Chehalis Bee-Nugget
1099:Cascade Pacific Council
319:North Fork Toutle River
1037:View above Spirit Lake
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183:Precipitation, streams
160:46.27306°N 122.13500°W
1130:Anderson, DA (2013).
1113:"Camp Loowit History"
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197:South Coldwater Creek
463:Record high °F (°C)
165:46.27306; -122.13500
1342:American Scientist.
1189:The Daily Chronicle
673:Record low °F (°C)
195:Drainage tunnel to
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1468:Anonymous, (2006)
1368:Kresch, DL (1992)
1265:Hopson, CA (2008)
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262:Portland YMCA camp
256:, two YMCA camps (
1507:Patton, V (2007)
1420:The Seattle Times
1414:Atkinson, Minka.
1393:US Forest Service
1384:Fredlund, Diana.
1335:Larson, D (1993)
1161:The Yakima Herald
1057:Anonymous (2013)
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403:
391:
381:
368:
354:
352:
341:Water levels
328:
305:
288:
279:
275:
229:
228:
1117:Camp Loowit
989:Spirit Lake
370:tunnel and
258:Camp Loowit
230:Spirit Lake
163: /
151:122°08′06″W
138:Coordinates
99:Spirit Lake
66:Spirit Lake
29:Spirit Lake
21:Spirit Lake
1521:Categories
1399:3 November
1212:"Untitled"
1043:References
148:46°16′23″N
130:Washington
931:Source:
314:pyrolized
1251:July 18,
1222:July 18,
1196:July 18,
1168:July 18,
812:(2,564)
743:Average
372:dredging
324:log raft
118:Location
1429:May 22,
940:Gallery
862:(0.25)
663:(−2.3)
658:(−0.4)
623:(−1.3)
618:(−3.3)
613:(−4.1)
608:(−4.2)
583:(11.3)
578:(17.6)
573:(21.4)
568:(21.8)
558:(11.3)
378:Climate
252:), the
1320:
1138:
882:(795)
877:(139)
832:(169)
827:(232)
822:(195)
810:100.94
807:(396)
802:(344)
797:(220)
792:(170)
772:(200)
767:(250)
762:(270)
757:(267)
752:(343)
738:(−26)
733:(−18)
728:(−21)
723:(−10)
693:(−14)
688:(−24)
683:(−26)
678:(−26)
668:(0.9)
653:(2.8)
648:(5.4)
643:(7.3)
638:(7.1)
633:(3.1)
628:(0.6)
598:(9.9)
593:(2.3)
548:(3.4)
543:(1.8)
538:(0.5)
419:Month
359:tunnel
335:oxygen
291:lahars
260:, and
132:, U.S.
1389:(PDF)
880:313.0
872:(48)
867:(12)
842:(12)
837:(57)
805:15.61
800:13.56
787:(49)
782:(23)
777:(93)
755:10.53
750:13.49
718:(−2)
708:(−1)
703:(−3)
698:(−8)
563:(15)
528:(38)
523:(13)
518:(17)
513:(29)
508:(31)
503:(34)
498:(38)
493:(32)
488:(28)
483:(25)
478:(14)
473:(13)
468:(10)
458:Year
232:is a
204:Basin
1453:2015
1431:2024
1401:2016
1318:ISBN
1253:2024
1224:2024
1198:2024
1170:2024
1136:ISBN
926:171
875:54.8
870:18.9
857:(0)
852:(0)
847:(0)
835:22.4
830:66.7
825:91.4
820:76.9
785:1.92
780:0.89
775:3.66
760:10.6
713:(0)
666:33.6
661:27.9
656:31.2
651:37.1
646:41.8
641:45.2
636:44.7
631:37.6
626:33.1
621:29.7
616:26.1
611:24.6
606:24.4
596:49.9
591:36.2
588:(5)
581:52.4
576:63.6
571:70.5
566:71.2
556:52.4
553:(8)
546:38.1
541:35.3
536:32.9
455:Dec
452:Nov
449:Oct
446:Sep
443:Aug
440:Jul
437:Jun
434:May
431:Apr
428:Mar
425:Feb
422:Jan
309:wave
293:and
234:lake
923:19
920:17
917:14
905:12
902:14
899:15
896:20
893:19
890:21
865:4.8
860:0.1
840:4.7
795:8.7
790:6.5
770:7.7
765:9.7
736:−15
686:−11
681:−15
676:−15
526:100
496:100
404:Csc
392:Dsc
236:in
1523::
1422:.
1418:.
1391:.
1328:^
1243:.
1226:.
1214:.
1186:.
1158:.
1115:.
1097:.
1069:^
1050:^
914:9
911:6
908:5
731:−1
726:−5
721:14
716:28
711:32
706:30
701:27
696:18
586:41
561:59
551:46
521:55
516:63
511:85
506:88
501:94
491:90
486:83
481:77
476:58
471:55
466:50
402::
390::
128:,
124:,
1455:.
1433:.
1403:.
1255:.
1200:.
1172:.
1144:.
1119:.
855:0
850:0
845:0
691:6
398:(
386:(
23:.
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