80:
434:
539:
98:
105:
148:
87:
164:
176:
351:
this etymology is linguistically impossible. The Slovak and the Polish name could not be derived from
Hungarian Szepes because the combination "consonant-e-consonant-e-consonant" is valid and common in Slovak (but also in other Slavic languages) without any need for phonetic adaptation and similar
810:
Historically, economic activity in the region has been based principally on agriculture and forestry (formerly mining, too), which explains why Spiš belongs to the relatively poor regions of
Slovakia. Since the late 19th century, tourism has helped the local economy, and
770:(or Slovak-Polish dialect continuum by some considered a language), especially elders. They consider themselves as Slovaks and, in present, speak mostly Slovak language. Official Slovak 2011's census reported only 3084 Poles living in Slovakia.
508:, the so-called "districtus Podoliensis", was incorporated only in the 1290s. The northern border of the county stabilized in the early 14th century. Around 1300, the royal county became a noble county.
519:
settlers had been invited to the territory from the mid-12th century onwards. The settlements founded by them in southern Spiš were mainly mining settlements (later towns). Consequently, until
795:
783:
702:
After World War II the prewar borders of Spiš were restored, with most of the county going to
Czechoslovakia, and a small part to Poland. In 1948, it became part of the newly created
1236:
748:
The current ethnic composition of the region, however, is much different. As mentioned above, many Jews and ethnic
Germans were removed or left during World War II.
745:
comprised the following nationalities: Slovaks 50.4%, (58.2%, 58%), Germans 35% (25%, 25%), Carpatho-Rusyns 13.8% (8.4%, 8%) and 0.7% (6%, 6%) Magyars (Hungarians).
79:
649:
420:. Throughout its history, the territory has been characterized by a large percentage of forests - in the late 19th century, as much as 42.2% of Spiš was forest.
691:
forces approached from the east at the end of 1944, most of the ethnic
Germans in Spiš fled westward, between mid-November 1944 and 21 January 1945 (see also
718:), whose borders however were completely different from those of the present-day regions of the same name. From July 1960 it became part of the newly created
766:; literally Highlanders). Although a negligible number in census terms, they are a distinctive minority with their own culture, and speak a dialect of
998:
1226:
1042:
284:. The region is not an administrative division in its own right, but between the late 11th century and 1920 it was an administrative county of the
1221:
608:
In 1868, 21 Spiš settlements sent their demands, the 'Spiš Petition', to the Diet of the
Kingdom of Hungary, requesting special status for
280:(more specifically encompassing 14 villages). Spiš is an informal designation of the territory, but it is also the name of one of the 21
1046:
281:
1231:
331:. Spiš probably means "a cut forest". The theory is supported also by the fact that almost all early Latin documents mention Spiš as
1122:
979:
949:
The present population of the Spiš region is about 320,000; almost half the population lives in towns, the largest of which are
496:) was created in the 2nd half of the 12th century. In the 1250s the border of the Kingdom of Hungary shifted to the north to
489:
1150:
228:
741:
According to censuses carried out in the
Kingdom of Hungary in 1869 (and later in 1900 and 1910) the population of
679:) from 1940 to 1945. Slovakia joined the Axis, and the Polish part of Spiš (together with the Polish part of the
887:
Spiš today is one of
Slovakia's 21 tourist regions but, unlike its predecessor, is not an administrative region.
839:
National Park at the Slovak-Polish border. Other tourist destinations include the region's historical sites like
397:
954:
911:
598:
633:
147:
939:
104:
875:
Castle. The tourism industry has developed rapidly in Spiš, aided by the introduction of regular flights to
844:
570:
1177:
719:
385:
97:
923:
907:
872:
848:
582:
505:
393:
672:
207:
28:
86:
864:
590:
417:
217:
935:
692:
574:
524:
481:
339:
285:
257:
1034:
1030:
348:
632:), amounting to 195 km after an internal border dispute had been confirmed to be part of
433:
1118:
975:
621:
602:
562:
64:
484:
at the end of the 11th century, when the border of the
Kingdom ended near the modern town of
459:
1216:
895:
891:
711:
703:
696:
1154:
828:
799:
779:
767:
637:
538:
500:
and in 1260 even further to the north (the
Dunajec River). The northeastern region around
401:
265:
249:
124:
1113:
Kamocki, J.; Skawiński, M. "Problemy etniczności a narodowości na przykładzie Spiszu" In
840:
680:
625:
324:- to stab, to cut → prefixed form sъ-pich-jь → after palatalization and extinction of
309:
119:
352:
changes are not documented. On the other hand, the assumed phonetic adaptation Slavic
1210:
816:
752:
742:
528:
516:
470:
443:
289:
688:
668:
566:
520:
389:
360:
depends on well known changes in the Hungarian language like vowel insertion (i.e.
1026:
586:
532:
497:
958:
903:
868:
820:
787:
641:
512:
485:
451:
373:
361:
1147:
408:
in the east. The core of the Spiš region is formed by the basins of the rivers
824:
812:
652:. In 1923 Slovak Spiš was divided between the newly formed Sub-Tatra county (
455:
1192:
1179:
1022:
898:
and is covered approximately by the following six administrative districts:
660:). In 1928-1939 and 1945-1948 it was part of the newly created Slovak Land (
405:
198:
1014:
915:
856:
409:
130:
1077:
Ondruš, Šimon (1980). "Pôvod názvov stovenských vrchov, hradov a stotíc".
1136:
Spisz i Orawa w 75. rocznicę powrotu do Polski północnych części obu ziem
1038:
1006:
1002:
931:
852:
730:
609:
578:
501:
273:
169:
1010:
919:
836:
684:
377:
313:
1050:
1018:
950:
943:
927:
926:
District that had been within Saris county and three villages of the
899:
876:
860:
759:
645:
628:. A tiny part of the territory (situated in today's Poland below the
594:
474:
413:
277:
224:
203:
191:
181:
135:
17:
381:
1081:(in Slovak). Bratislava: Slovenská akadémia vied. pp. 281–282.
535:. Many smaller settlements were populated by settlers from Poland.
537:
466:
432:
241:
791:
671:, when Czechoslovakia was divided, Spiš was part of independent
629:
442:
The history of the region until 1920 is given in more detail at
581:. Among the towns that for 360 years belonged to Poland were:
565:, 16 towns, two castles and a number of villages in Spiš were
325:
1169:
316:) - a (cut) stick, a piece of wood or sugar, etc. Old Slavic
335:(or with similar transcription) - the name of forest area.
729:
In 1993, Czechoslovakia was split and Spiš became part of
755:
settlements and Romani are a substantial minority there.
473:(Veľká Morava), and after its dissolution became part of
523:
Spiš had a large German population (called Zipsers; see
480:
The southern part of the territory was conquered by the
1117:
Gładkiewicz R., Homza M. (eds.) Wrocław: Lewocz, 2003.
778:
In Spiš are the biggest and oldest churches such as a
683:) was transferred to Slovakia. During the war all the
890:
Since 1996, Spiš has been divided between the modern
695:). Their property was confiscated after the war (see
404:, currently the longest in Slovakia), to the town of
465:The territory of Spiš was later populated first by
214:
197:
187:
157:
42:
1115:Terra Scepusiensis. Stav badań nad dziejami Spiszu
392:in the south, and a line running from the town of
347:– nice, beautiful → Szepes. However, according to
879:Airport and improving rail and road connections.
624:in 1920), the county became part of newly formed
650:border dispute between Poland and Czechoslovakia
300:The name is probably related to the appellative
675:, and formed the eastern part of Tatra county (
342:
8:
1237:Historical regions in the Kingdom of Hungary
1148:http://portal.statistics.sk/files/tab-10.pdf
798:. In the present is the biggest church is a
726:), which ceased to exist in September 1990.
687:of the area were deported or murdered. When
53:
47:
27:"Spis" redirects here. For other uses, see
276:, with a very small area in south-eastern
39:
784:Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession
648:and became the subject of a long-running
616:Spiš after the creation of Czechoslovakia
511:Many of the towns of Spiš developed from
1072:
1070:
531:; now, the only Zipser-speaking town is
364:→ Szelepcsény) and vowel harmonization.
308:known from Slovak (Eastern Slovakia and
34:Historical region in Slovakia and Poland
1066:
991:
380:River in the north, the springs of the
196:
186:
156:
144:
70:
972:Sixteen Scepus Towns from 1412 to 1876
922:, except for the eastern half of the
388:Mountains (Slovak Ore Mountains) and
213:
7:
338:Another theory is a derivation from
282:official tourism regions of Slovakia
246:Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia/Scepusium
400:(under which lies the 4,822 m long
372:The region is situated between the
636:(at that time the western part of
601:. In 1772 all were annexed by the
454:era have been found in remains at
25:
974:, Spišska Nova Vés: Spiš Museum.
751:Present-day Spiš has a number of
437:Aerial photograph of Spiš Castle
174:
162:
146:
103:
96:
85:
78:
1227:Traditional regions of Slovakia
819:resorts have been built in the
272:) is a region in north-eastern
644:northern Spiš was united with
620:In 1918 (and confirmed by the
469:. It belonged to the state of
1:
758:There are also 40,000-48,000
573:to finance his wars with the
1222:Historical regions in Poland
859:(all of which are listed by
835:) in the south-west and the
450:Traces of settlement in the
934:including Tatranská Štrba,
794:the biggest was church the
152:Spiš on the map of Slovakia
1253:
1170:(Unofficial) Spiš web site
1079:Studia Academica Slovaca 9
640:) as early as 1902. After
312:) and Moravian dialects (
26:
1232:Lesser Poland Voivodeship
145:
118:From top, left to right:
71:
62:
1138:Kraków, 1995. pp. 24-37.
1100:Dudášová-Kriššáková, J.
827:, and areas such as the
634:Galicia (Central Europe)
571:Sigismund of Luxembourg
384:River in the west, the
1091:Krempaska (2012), 2-5.
558:
494:comitatus Scepusiensis
438:
343:
288:(see separate article
269:
261:
253:
54:
48:
1134:Trajdos, T. M. (ed.)
800:Roman Catholic Church
780:Roman Catholic Church
724:Východoslovenský kraj
720:Eastern Slovak region
656:) and Košice county (
541:
533:Chmeľnica (Hopgarten)
436:
216: • Summer (
29:SPIS (disambiguation)
865:World Heritage Sites
612:within the Kingdom.
418:High Tatra Mountains
1189: /
970:Krempaská, Zuzana,
561:In 1412, under the
542:Spisz in 1412–1772:
513:German colonization
386:Slovenské rudohorie
1153:2012-11-14 at the
940:Liptovská Teplička
796:Evangelical Church
693:Carpathian Germans
575:Republic of Venice
559:
525:Carpathian Germans
482:Kingdom of Hungary
439:
286:Kingdom of Hungary
1193:49.083°N 20.500°E
845:Spišské Podhradie
662:Slovenská krajina
654:Podtatranská župa
622:Treaty of Trianon
603:Habsburg monarchy
563:Treaty of Lubowla
398:Branisko mountain
292:in this regard).
235:
234:
65:Historical region
37:Historical region
16:(Redirected from
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955:Spišská Nová Ves
912:Spišská Nová Ves
855:and the town of
849:Spišská Kapitula
599:Spišská Nová Ves
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262:Szepesség/Szepes
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1155:Wayback Machine
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681:county of Orava
638:Austria-Hungary
618:
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551:
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462:(Besenyőfalu).
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402:Branisko Tunnel
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677:Tatranská župa
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591:Spišská Sobota
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957:(39,000) and
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924:Stará Ľubovňa
921:
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908:Stará Ľubovňa
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896:Prešov Region
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892:Košice Region
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873:Stará Ľubovňa
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833:Slovenský raj
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817:winter sports
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743:Szepes county
737:Nationalities
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721:
717:
713:
712:Prešov Region
709:
708:Košický kraj
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704:Košice Region
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697:Beneš decrees
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583:Stará Ľubovňa
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569:to Poland by
568:
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556: Hungary
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536:
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529:Zipser German
526:
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518:
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506:Stará Ľubovňa
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471:Great Moravia
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444:Szepes County
435:
429:Early history
428:
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394:Stará Ľubovňa
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290:Szepes County
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129:Town hall in
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1125:pp. 707-716.
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1035:Łapsze Wyżne
1031:Łapsze Niżne
994:
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669:World War II
666:
661:
658:Коšická župa
657:
653:
619:
607:
560:
527:) who spoke
521:World War II
510:
493:
490:royal county
479:
464:
458:(Gánóc) and
449:
441:
440:
390:Hnilec River
371:
357:
356:→ Hungarian
353:
349:Šimon Ondruš
337:
332:
328:
321:
317:
305:
301:
299:
245:
237:
236:
188:Largest city
1196: /
999:Czarna Góra
843:and nearby
841:Spiš Castle
821:High Tatras
642:World War I
492:of Szepes (
452:Neanderthal
374:High Tatras
333:silva Zepus
120:Spiš Castle
1211:Categories
1061:References
1043:Nowa Biała
961:(17,000).
953:(55,000),
930:district (
883:Spiš today
825:Low Tatras
416:, and the
396:, via the
1027:Łapszanka
1023:Krempachy
946:county.)
813:sanatoria
788:Lutherans
762:(Slovak:
587:Podolínec
498:Podolínec
406:Margecany
368:Geography
340:Hungarian
296:Etymology
258:Hungarian
199:Time zone
1151:Archived
1047:Rzepiska
1039:Niedzica
1007:Falsztyn
1003:Dursztyn
959:Kežmarok
904:Kežmarok
869:Kežmarok
823:and the
774:Religion
731:Slovakia
673:Slovakia
579:Dalmatia
502:Hniezdne
486:Kežmarok
460:Bešeňová
376:and the
362:Slepčany
322:pichjati
318:pьchjati
274:Slovakia
170:Slovakia
1184:20°30′E
1011:Frydman
965:Sources
920:Gelnica
837:Pieniny
806:Economy
667:During
610:Slovaks
456:Gánovce
424:History
378:Dunajec
158:Country
1181:49°5′N
1121:
1051:Trybsz
1019:Kacwin
1015:Jurgów
978:
951:Poprad
944:Liptov
928:Poprad
916:Levoča
900:Poprad
877:Poprad
871:, and
861:UNESCO
857:Levoča
768:Polish
764:Gorali
760:Gorals
753:Romani
710:) and
689:Soviet
646:Poland
595:Poprad
567:pawned
554:
550:Poland
548:
545:
517:German
515:. The
488:. The
475:Poland
414:Poprad
410:Hornád
358:Szepes
306:špiška
302:spiška
278:Poland
266:German
250:Polish
192:Poprad
182:Poland
179:
167:
136:Poprad
131:Levoča
986:Notes
942:from
932:Štrba
853:Žehra
467:Celts
310:Orava
254:Spisz
242:Latin
225:UTC+2
204:UTC+1
55:Spisz
18:Spisz
1217:Spiš
1119:ISBN
976:ISBN
938:and
918:and
894:and
815:and
792:1600
782:and
685:Jews
630:Rysy
597:and
504:and
412:and
354:Spiš
344:szép
329:spiš
326:yers
314:Haná
270:Zips
238:Spiš
229:CEST
49:Spiš
44:Spiš
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