338:; while Nick Talesfore and Ron Smith were responsible for adapting the prototype's complex keyboard controls into a single control stick, and encasing the ROM circuit boards into plastic cartridges reminiscent of 8-track tapes. Talesfore and Smith collaborated on the styling and function of the 8 degrees of freedom hand controller. They were responsible for the design of the hand controllers, console, and video game cartridges. Talesfore also worked with graphic designer Tom Kamafugi, who did the original graphic design for the early video cartridges cartons.
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future
Channel F games rated "below average". Uston rated almost one-half of the Channel F games as "high in interest" and called that "an impressive proportion" and further noted that "Some of the Channel F cartridges are timeless; no matter what technological developments occur, they will continue to be of interest." His overall conclusion was that the games "serve a limited, but useful, purpose" and that the "strength of the Channel F offering is in its excellent educational line for children".
502:
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538:. The Maze game (Videocart-10) and Hangman game (Videocart-18) used 1024 bits of on-cartridge static RAM connected directly to one PSU port - adding to the cost of manufacturing it. The Chess game contained considerably more on-cartridge RAM than that, 2048 Bytes accomplished by using an F8 memory interface circuit to be able to use industry standard ROM and RAM. The F8 processor at the heart of the console is able to provide
47:
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were considered by Uston to be "the finest adult cartridges currently available for the
Fairchild Channel F System". The games on a whole, however, rated last on his survey of over 200 games for the Atari, Intellivision, Astrocade and Odyssey consoles, and contemporary games were rated "Average" with
1475:
The
Channel F had beaten the Atari VCS to the market, but once the VCS was released, sales of the Channel F fell, attributed to the types of games that were offered. Most of the Channel F titles were slow-paced educational and intellectual games, compared to the action-driven games that launched with
376:
The console was licensed in Europe to television manufacturers and led to the clone consoles of
Ingelen Telematch Processor in Austria, Barco Challenger in Belgium, ITT Telematch-Processor and Nordmende Color Teleplay µP in Germany, Dumont Videoplay System and Emerson Videoplay System in Italy, Luxor
554:
The
Channel F is also the first video game console to feature a pause function; There is a 'Hold' button on the main unit of the console which allows players to freeze inside the two built-in games and change several game settings in the meantime. Button is controlled through code so it was used for
517:
microprocessor, which was innovative compared to other contemporary processors and integrated circuits. Because chip packaging was not initially available with enough pins, a few pins were used to communicate with other chips in the system. At least two chips were necessary to set up an F8 processor
898:
There was one cartridge released outside the numbered series, listed as
Videocart-51 and simply titled "Demo 1". This Videocart was shown in a single sales brochure released shortly after Zircon acquired the company. It has not been seen listed for sale after this single brochure which was sent out
869:
during the ownership of
Fairchild and Zircon, the first twenty-one of which were released by Fairchild. Several of these cartridges were capable of playing more than one game and were typically priced at $ 19.95 (equivalent to $ 91 in 2020). The Videocarts were yellow and approximately the size
579:
One feature, unique to the console, is the 'hold' button, which allows the player to freeze the game, change the time or speed of the game. The hold function is however not universal (like the hardwired reset) as the four buttons are set up in code. The programmer can choose their function/purpose.
525:
The
Channel F is able to use one plane of graphics and one of four background colors per line, with three plot colors to choose from (red, green, and blue) that turns white if the background is set to black, at a resolution of 128 × 64, with approximately 104 × 60 pixels visible on the TV
402:
Fairchild left the video game market in April 1979. Zircon
International acquired the rights to the system and related assets in 1979. The company redesigned the console into the Channel F System II. This featured removable controllers and audio coming from the TV rather than a speaker within the
570:
without a base; the main body is a large handgrip with a triangular "cap" on top, the top being the portion that actually moved for eight-way directional control. It could be used as both a joystick and paddle (twist), and not only could it be pushed down to operate as a fire button, it could be
1508:
as "may be the most antiquated game of its type still on the market", and rated the 25 games for the console with an average "interest grade" of three ("not too good") on a scale from one to ten and "skill rating" at an average 4,5 of 10. The magazine stated, however, that
Fairchild "managed to
398:
connector (not Atari compatible), and their storage was moved to the back of the machine. The sound was now mixed into the RF modulator so you could adjust it on your TV set instead of a fixed volume internal speaker. The internal electronics were also simplified, with two custom logic chips
518:
system to be able run any code. The savings from using standard pin layout enabled the inclusion of 64 bytes of internal scratchpad RAM in the CPU. The VES/Channel F, as well as the System II, had one CPU and two storage chips (PSU:s). (A single-chip variant of the F8 was used by the
323:
microprocessor and interchangeable circuit boards containing ROM chips that could be plugged into the base unit. The duo attempted to interest several television manufacturers in the system, but were unsuccessful. Next, they contacted a buyer at Fairchild, which sent engineer
393:
Lawson moved on to form his own company, Video Soft in 1980. Talesfore continued working on the system at Fairchild, and eventually a number of these improvements resulted in the improved System II. The major changes were that the controllers were now removable, using the
571:
pulled up as well. The model 1 unit contained a small compartment for storing the controllers when moving it or when not in use. The System II featured detachable controllers with two holders at the back to wind the cable around and to store the controller in.
593:-compatible version, the Video Command Joystick, first released without the extra fire button. Before that, only the downwards plunge motion was connected and acted as the fire button; the pull-up and twist actions were not connected to anything.
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the VCS. Even with the redesigned Channel F II in 1978, Fairchild was unable to meet the sales that the VCS and its games were generating. By the time Fairchild sold the technology to Zircon in 1979, around 350,000 total units had been sold.
874:. They usually featured colorful label artwork. The earlier artwork was created by nationally known artist Tom Kamifuji and art directed by Nick Talesfore. The console contained two built-in games, Tennis and Hockey, which were both advanced
895:. These were intended to use the Keyboard accessory, which is displayed on the Channel F II box. All further brochures, released after Zircon took over from Fairchild, never listed this accessory nor anything called a Keyboard Videocart.
550:
on Videocart-1 had this feature, it was only for one player against the machine. The same is true for the chess game, which could have very long turn times for the computer as the game progressed, depending on the set difficulty.
265: (equivalent to $ 910 in 2023). It was launched as the "Video Entertainment System", but Fairchild rebranded their console as "Channel F" the next year while keeping the Video Entertainment System descriptor.
575:
later offered a special controller that featured an action button on the front of the joystick. It was marketed by Zircon as "Channel F Jet-Stick" in a letter sent out to registered owners before Christmas 1982.
360:
approved it for sale on October 20. It was released as the Video Entertainment System (VES) at the price of $ 169.95, but renamed to the Channel F the next year. Channel F was unable to compete against Atari’s
1484:
377:
TV-Datorspel and Luxor Video Entertainment Computer in Sweden, and Grandstand Video Entertainment Computer in the United Kingdom. Both models of the Saba Videoplay were sold in Germany and Italy.
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clones. In Hockey, the reflecting bar could be changed to different diagonals by twisting the controller knob and could move all over the playing field. Tennis was much like the original Pong.
331:
Lawson worked with industrial designer Nick Talesfore and mechanical engineer Ronald A. Smith to turn the prototype into a viable project. Jerry Lawson replaced the 8080 with Fairchild's own
403:
console. It was sold at the price point of $ 99.95 or $ 69.95 if the previous console was traded in. Zircon released an additional four games for a final library of 26 games on the console.
1993:
1953:
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reviewed the console. Calling it "the system nobody knows", the magazine described its graphics and sounds as "somewhat primitive by today's standards". It described
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replacing the standard TTL logic chips. This resulted in a much smaller motherboard which allowed for a smaller, simpler and more modern-looking case design.
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by retro developer Arlasoft. These included ports of mobile puzzle games Tents & Trees, 2048 and Threes, as well as a port of the classic arcade shooter
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2258:
2319:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
2019:
1979:
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1457:. Through a secret button combination a hidden game could also be started, the box and instruction booklet has multiple hints about the needed code.
268:
The Fairchild Channel F sold only about 350,000 units before Fairchild sold the technology to Zircon International in 1979, trailing well behind the
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to evaluate the system. Lawson was impressed by the system and suggested Fairchild license the technology, which the company did in January 1976.
1997:
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where they would sell the "hardware, and then we’re going to make the profit on the cartridge sales". Their marketing campaign was conducted by
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to German words, Videocart-3 released with different abbreviations (German), and Videocart-18 changed graphics and has a German word list.
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was "write only" and not usable for anything else. 64 bytes of scratchpad RAM are available for general use - half the amount of the later
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2339:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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365:(VCS) as the console only had 22 games compared to Atari's 187. Marketing for the console included an event featuring
1939:
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Input: two custom game controllers, hardwired to the console (original release) or removable (Channel F System II)
617:
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2250:
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353:
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John Donatoni, the marketing director of Fairchild's video games division, stated that the console followed the
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2038:
1822:"Meet Ken Uston author of "The Big Player" and watch him play blackjack on the Fairchild programable Channel F"
1467:
1609:
775:: 8 colors (either black/white lines or lines using background grey/blue/green with red, green or blue pixels)
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3160:
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to produce different tones). Audio quality is quite superior on the System II, versus the original model.
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3295:
3103:
2796:
2779:
2223:
2154:"Blisters And Frustration: Joysticks, Paddles, Buttons and Game Port Extenders for Apple, Atari and VIC"
1538:
2428:
1685:
They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Volume I
1896:"Jerry Lawson is one of the most important Silicon Valley pioneers you've never heard of — here's why"
572:
4061:
4026:
3361:
3118:
2571:
1826:
1821:
708:
132:
120:
501:
4102:
3015:
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also released a few compatible carts different from the original carts: translation in Videocart-1
590:
506:
422:
395:
2572:"Selling the First Programmable Game Console: An Interview with John Donatoni about the Channel F"
580:
The text labels explains the button functions in the built-in games (and some of the Videocarts).
4263:
4124:
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3729:
3557:
3045:
2989:
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748:
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315:
In 1974, Alpex Computer Corporation employees Wallace Kirschner and Lawrence Haskel developed a
2337:
2317:
792:
composite video signal, cord hardwired to console in original release, detachable in System II.
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4180:
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3909:
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2803:
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2013:
1973:
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2706:
2333:
2313:
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Twenty-seven cartridges, termed "Videocarts", were officially released to consumers in the
4151:
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2717:
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The controllers for the system were conceived by Lawson and built by Nicholas Talesfore.
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A sales brochure from 1978 listed "Keyboard Videocarts" for sale. The three shown were
671:
246:
546:
matches, a first in console history. All previous machines required a human opponent.
284:
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programming and electronics as well as a gallery of labels, instructions, and boxes.
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create some fascinating games, even by today's standards", calling the poker game
663:
PCB Scan of the Grandstand Video Entertainment Computer (UK Channel F II variant)
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3873:
3682:
3635:
3534:
3491:
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3005:
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812:
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supported via add-in cartridges. Maze and Hangman has 1K x 1 bit, expanded with
719:
606:
531:
448:
2702:
2066:"Fairchild Channel F Video Entertainment System: The first modern game console"
17:
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3767:
3668:
3374:
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37:
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Despite the failure of the Channel F, the joystick's design was so popular—
1659:"The Untold Truth Of Jerry Lawson, The Father Of The Video Game Cartridge"
3966:
3904:
3863:
3496:
3473:
3435:
3430:
3369:
2684:—how the Channel F's video game cartridge was created (January 22, 2015).
1551:
712:
567:
3822:
3744:
3739:
3654:
3623:
3608:
3544:
3272:
3244:
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837: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
631: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
473: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1500:
In 1983, after Zircon announced its discontinuation of the Channel F,
751:: Approximately columns 3-107 and rows 2-62 are visible, depending on
3389:
3379:
3287:
3221:
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in 1982, and rated some of the Channel F's titles highly; of these,
4087:
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3463:
3264:
3168:
1466:
760:
727:
658:
500:
429:
421:
413:
405:
384:
126:
1610:"Fairchild Channel F Patent, FCC Approval, & Launch Brochure"
3678:
3600:
3567:
3416:
2677:
Patent: Cartridge programmable video game apparatus US 4095791 A
2245:
1900:
876:
756:
723:
715:
691:
527:
3999:
3133:
2721:
1537:
guns"), but concluded that only those interested in nostalgia,
3650:
3628:
3577:
3501:
3450:
2688:
Channel F was 1977's top game system—before Atari wiped it out
806:
698:
600:
442:
279:
2682:
The Untold Story of the Invention of the Video Game Cartridge
778:
Audio: 120 Hz, 500 Hz and 1 kHz beeps (can be
2501:
Ken Uston's Guide to Buying and Beating the Home Video Games
2488:
Ken Uston's Guide to Buying and Beating the Home Video Games
2475:
Ken Uston's Guide to Buying and Beating the Home Video Games
1630:
The Routledge Companion to Media Technology and Obsolescence
1485:
Ken Uston's Guide to Buying and Beating the Home Video Games
1447:
In 2021, a number of new 'Homebrew' games were released on
755:. (Columns 125 and 126 controls palette per row). Although
752:
718:(128 × 64 × 2 bits) for the write only
261:
in November 1976 across North America at a retail price of
1517:) "the best card game, from blackjack to bridge, made for
1583:"The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge"
701:
gen. 1: 2.0000 MHz, gen. 2: 1.9704972 MHz (PAL
257:') instead of having games built-in. It was released by
231:
Joystick/digital paddle, JetStik (has added fire button)
296:
2670:
1541:, or card games would purchase the Channel F in 1983.
1406:
Democart (was briefly available to the general public)
589:
called it "outstanding"— that Zircon also released an
2403:
2401:
949:
Tic-Tac-Toe, Shooting Gallery, Doodle, Quadra-Doodle
4236:
4210:
4189:
4075:
4037:
3959:
3938:
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3795:
3760:
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3472:
3449:
3411:
3388:
3360:
3337:
3309:
3286:
3263:
3220:
3167:
3059:
2998:
2903:
2894:
2836:
2760:
2035:
Game Time: Understanding Temporality in Video Games
1794:from the original on September 3, 2024 – via
1766:from the original on September 3, 2024 – via
1724:
1722:
1720:
319:prototype consisting of a base unit centered on an
227:
214:
204:
192:
182:
168:
160:
149:
141:
106:
96:
86:
76:
66:
56:
1459:These were released on cartridge as Videocart-29.
1834:from the original on August 31, 2024 – via
369:playing Video Blackjack and commercials starring
3036:Palmtex Portable Videogame System / Super Micro
1075:Maze, Jailbreak, Blind-Man's-Bluff, Trailblazer
2451:"Fairchild Channel F - Collection by Arlasoft"
2421:"Channel F – Videocart 27: Pac-Man (USC)"
4011:
3482:Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System
3145:
2733:
1652:
1650:
418:Adman Grandstand Video Entertainment Computer
8:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1521:TV-game system". It also favorably reviewed
1033:Math Quiz II (Multiplication & Division)
30:
27:First ROM cartridge–based video game console
2611:"Fairchild Annual Report to Employees 1976"
2158:Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games
4018:
4004:
3996:
3757:
3152:
3138:
3130:
2900:
2740:
2726:
2718:
2589:Before the Crash: Early Video Game History
901:
45:
36:
29:
2649:with a history of the Channel F and games
2633:United States Patent and Trademark Office
2224:"Fairchild Channel F Specs & Manuals"
2186:
2174:
1874:"Fairchild Channel F Models & Clones"
1848:
1740:
1711:
853:Learn how and when to remove this message
647:Learn how and when to remove this message
489:Learn how and when to remove this message
2705:playable for free in the browser at the
1244:1979 (SABA Videoplay, German-exclusive)
1019:Math Quiz I (Addition & Subtraction)
3787:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System
2960:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System
2355:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
2234:from the original on September 3, 2024.
1884:from the original on September 3, 2024.
1564:
1471:Gamers playing on a Fairchild Channel F
352:Fairchild announced the console at the
272:. The system was discontinued in 1983.
4316:Computer-related introductions in 1976
2018:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2011:
1978:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1971:
722:(four Mostek MK4027 or MK4015 4Kx1bit
4326:Second-generation video game consoles
2353:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
2116:"OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum"
1728:
1047:Magic Numbers (Mind Reader & Nim)
7:
2653:Interview with designer Jerry Lawson
2576:ROMchip: A Journal of Game Histories
2515:"Channel F: The System Nobody Knows"
2407:
2279:
2051:
1926:
1860:
1808:
903:List of physical Videocart releases
835:adding citations to reliable sources
629:adding citations to reliable sources
471:adding citations to reliable sources
62:Fairchild Video Entertainment System
2381:The Ultimate History of Video Games
1657:Zell-Breier, Sam (June 11, 2021).
1581:Edwards, Benj (January 22, 2015).
426:Luxor Video Entertainment Computer
156: (equivalent to $ 910 in 2023)
25:
2261:from the original on July 7, 2019
1904:. 30 October 2021. Archived from
1533:("thoroughly original ... hockey
358:Federal Communications Commission
51:Channel F and its two controllers
4346:Discontinued video game consoles
1436:German electronics manufacturer
811:
605:
447:
283:
241:, short for "Channel Fun", is a
4197:International Cometary Explorer
4057:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
2713:Channel F emulation of the BIOS
2618:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
1830:. August 10, 1977. p. 43.
1627:Wolf, Mark J. P. (2018-11-21).
822:needs additional citations for
759:could cover 128 × 64
616:needs additional citations for
458:needs additional citations for
259:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
81:Fairchild Camera and Instrument
4093:Dornier Museum Friedrichshafen
4047:American Satellite Corporation
3828:View-Master Interactive Vision
2503:(Signet, 1982) p.603 and p.23.
1762:. June 15, 1976. p. F45.
1529:("Berzerk without guns"), and
1482:reviewed 32 games in his book
1145:Memory Match 1, Memory Match 2
803:Fairchild Channel F Videocarts
513:The Channel F is based on the
1:
1790:. June 16, 1976. p. 60.
555:other things in other games.
245:, the first to be based on a
218:
172:
4295:Ranger/Fairchild aeroengines
4249:Fairchild-Hiller Corporation
3813:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy
2951:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy
2593:Wayne State University Press
2513:Dionne, Roger (March 1983).
2347:American Antiquarian Society
2327:American Antiquarian Society
2088:"Channel F Jet-Stick Advert"
2033:Hanson, Christopher (2018).
1940:"Fairchild Channel-F / Saba"
963:Desert Fox, Shooting Gallery
4336:Products introduced in 1976
4108:Flugzeugbau Friedrichshafen
3883:3DO Interactive Multiplayer
3868:3DO Interactive Multiplayer
3530:3DO Interactive Multiplayer
3011:Children's Discovery System
410:Nordmende Color TelePlay μP
4362:
3051:Epoch Game Pocket Computer
3006:Milton Bradley Microvision
2541:"Video Games Vol.1 #6 -83"
2228:Video Game Console Library
1878:Video Game Console Library
1399:Puzzle, Shooter, Homebrew
1385:Sports, Shooter, Homebrew
870:and overall texture of an
800:
356:on June 14, 1976, and the
4282:
3984:
3319:Commodore 64 Games System
3079:
3067:Nintendo Game & Watch
2293:"1976 commercial trailer"
1683:Smith, Alexander (2019).
354:Consumer Electronics Show
44:
35:
4321:Home video game consoles
4169:Ranger/Fairchild Engines
3161:Home video game consoles
3088:Third generation →
3083:← First generation
2587:Wolf, Mark, ed. (2012).
2039:Indiana University Press
1513:(actually Videocart-25,
1258:19?? (German-exclusive)
1117:Robot War, Torpedo Alley
597:Technical specifications
4269:Fairchild Semiconductor
4142:Fairchild Aircraft Ltd.
3487:Super Famicom/Super NES
3459:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16
2768:Home video game console
1782:"Games TV viewers play"
1392:The Arlasoft Collection
1089:Backgammon, Acey-Deucey
899:in the winter of 1979.
243:home video game console
91:Home video game console
4254:Hiller Aviation Museum
4157:Kreider-Reisner Midget
3021:Entex Adventure Vision
2647:The Dot Eaters article
2626:"U.S Patent 4,095,791"
2384:. Three Rivers Press.
1787:San Francisco Examiner
1525:("simple but great"),
1472:
1429:Keyboard Videocart-3:
1423:Keyboard Videocart-2:
1417:Keyboard Videocart-1:
664:
566:The controllers are a
544:player versus computer
510:
435:
427:
419:
411:
390:
343:razor and blades model
4331:Fairchild Corporation
4083:Dornier Flugzeugwerke
4031:Fairchild Corporation
3352:Super Cassette Vision
3296:Coleco Telstar Arcade
2941:Epoch Cassette Vision
2881:Eighth (2012–present)
2780:Handheld game console
2570:Bunch, Kevin (2023).
2248:; see source code at
2200:"Fairchild Channel F"
2064:Vinciguerra, Robert.
1539:video game collecting
1470:
745:Chess has 2048 Bytes.
662:
504:
433:
425:
417:
409:
388:
363:Video Computer System
4341:1976 in video gaming
4062:Fairchild Industries
4027:Fairchild Industries
2886:Ninth (2020–present)
2490:(Signet, 1982) p.20.
2477:(Signet, 1982) p.605
2068:. The Rev. Rob Times
1827:Reno Gazette-Journal
1691:. pp. 318–320.
831:improve this article
625:improve this article
467:improve this article
4202:Fairchild Channel F
4103:Faint Object Camera
3778:Fairchild Channel F
3016:Entex Select-A-Game
2946:Fairchild Channel F
2876:Seventh (2005–2017)
2749:Video game consoles
2709:Console Living Room
2431:on February 1, 2017
2204:www.oldcomputers.it
2095:Fndcollectables.com
1908:on October 30, 2021
1614:Fndcollectables.com
1282:Galactic Space Wars
904:
591:Atari joystick port
396:Atari joystick port
389:Channel F System II
381:Channel F System II
239:Fairchild Channel F
32:
31:Fairchild Channel F
4290:Fairchild Aircraft
4264:United Helicopters
4125:Fairchild Aircraft
4052:Fairchild Aircraft
3619:Mega Drive/Genesis
3046:Romtec Colorvision
2990:VTech CreatiVision
2861:Fourth (1987–2004)
2851:Second (1976–1992)
2667:of Channel F games
2663:2020-01-26 at the
1473:
1413:Unreleased carts:
1254:electronic partner
1252:Werbetextcassette
902:
686:at 1.7897725
665:
586:Creative Computing
522:computer system).
511:
436:
428:
420:
412:
391:
295:. You can help by
223:(of 128 x 64 VRAM)
150:Introductory price
4303:
4302:
4223:Sherman Fairchild
4181:Republic Aviation
4067:Fairchild Stratos
3993:
3992:
3980:
3979:
3910:EVO Smart Console
3230:Super Vision 8000
3127:
3126:
3075:
3074:
2985:Super Vision 8000
2871:Sixth (1998–2013)
2866:Fifth (1993–2006)
2856:Third (1983–2003)
2846:First (1972–1980)
2804:Dedicated console
2753:second generation
2699:s AUX (4/09/2017)
2616:(Press release).
2120:Old-computers.com
1929:, pp. 63–64.
1640:978-1-315-44266-2
1403:
1402:
1372:Puzzle, Homebrew
1351:Kevin vs Tomatoes
1173:Pinball Challenge
1166:Platform, action
1124:Platform, action
889:K-2 Space Odyssey
872:8 track cartridge
863:
862:
855:
732:scratchpad memory
657:
656:
649:
499:
498:
491:
313:
312:
235:
234:
210:2 KB video buffer
16:(Redirected from
4353:
4274:ON Semiconductor
4020:
4013:
4006:
3997:
3783:Interton VC 4000
3758:
3553:Magnavox Odyssey
3154:
3147:
3140:
3131:
2956:Interton VC 4000
2901:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2719:
2707:Internet Archive
2698:
2636:
2635:. June 20, 1978.
2630:
2621:
2615:
2606:
2583:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2521:. pp. 73–75
2510:
2504:
2497:
2491:
2484:
2478:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2427:. Archived from
2417:
2411:
2405:
2396:
2395:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2350:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2266:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2126:on June 30, 2018
2122:. Archived from
2112:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2092:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2061:
2055:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2000:on July 25, 2011
1996:. Archived from
1990:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1960:on July 25, 2011
1956:. Archived from
1950:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1930:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1870:
1864:
1858:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1818:
1812:
1811:, p. 62-64.
1806:
1800:
1799:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1654:
1645:
1644:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1578:
1331:Action, shooter
1289:Action, shooter
1012:Action, shooter
998:Action, shooter
970:Action, shooter
956:Trivia, shooter
905:
893:K-3 Pro-Football
885:K-1 Casino Poker
858:
851:
847:
844:
838:
815:
807:
652:
645:
641:
638:
632:
609:
601:
509:of the Channel F
494:
487:
483:
480:
474:
451:
443:
308:
305:
287:
280:
264:
228:Controller input
220:
177:
174:
155:
130:
118:
59:
49:
40:
33:
21:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4299:
4278:
4232:
4206:
4185:
4152:Kreider-Reisner
4147:Hiller Aircraft
4071:
4033:
4024:
3994:
3989:
3976:
3955:
3934:
3893:
3832:
3791:
3773:Bally Astrocade
3749:
3716:
3673:
3645:
3595:
3572:
3563:Videopac+ G7400
3539:
3516:
3468:
3445:
3441:Xbox Series X/S
3407:
3384:
3356:
3347:Cassette Vision
3333:
3305:
3282:
3259:
3216:
3163:
3158:
3128:
3123:
3090:
3085:
3071:
3055:
2994:
2931:Bally Astrocade
2896:
2890:
2832:
2756:
2746:
2703:Channel F games
2696:
2665:Wayback Machine
2643:
2628:
2624:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2586:
2569:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2481:
2472:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2449:
2448:
2444:
2434:
2432:
2419:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2399:
2392:
2376:Kent, Steven L.
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2334:McCusker, J. J.
2332:
2322:
2314:McCusker, J. J.
2312:
2310:
2306:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2264:
2262:
2249:
2244:As emulated by
2243:
2239:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2208:
2206:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2185:
2181:
2173:
2169:
2144:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1994:"Archived copy"
1992:
1991:
1987:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1954:"Archived copy"
1952:
1951:
1947:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1925:
1921:
1911:
1909:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1847:
1843:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1780:
1779:
1775:
1759:Oakland Tribune
1752:
1751:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1727:
1718:
1710:
1706:
1699:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1665:
1656:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1593:
1591:
1580:
1579:
1566:
1561:
1547:
1465:
1458:
1358:Maze, Homebrew
1345:Maze, Homebrew
1241:Chess (Schach)
977:Video Blackjack
859:
848:
842:
839:
828:
816:
805:
799:
653:
642:
636:
633:
622:
610:
599:
561:
495:
484:
478:
475:
464:
452:
441:
383:
317:home video game
309:
303:
300:
293:needs expansion
278:
262:
222:
221:104 × 60 pixels
209:
175:
153:
137:
125:
113:
57:
52:
28:
23:
22:
18:Spitfire (game)
15:
12:
11:
5:
4359:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4231:
4230:
4228:Stanley Hiller
4225:
4220:
4218:Claude Dornier
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4174:AUM-N-2 Petrel
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4149:
4144:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4015:
4008:
4000:
3991:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3942:
3940:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3886:
3876:
3871:
3861:
3859:FM Towns Marty
3856:
3851:
3846:
3844:Amstrad GX4000
3840:
3838:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3764:
3762:
3755:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3605:
3603:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3582:
3580:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3478:
3476:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3455:
3453:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3422:
3420:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3343:
3341:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3303:
3298:
3292:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3275:
3269:
3267:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3173:
3171:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3142:
3134:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3086:
3081:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2842:
2840:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2816:Hybrid console
2813:
2812:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2777:
2776:
2775:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2744:
2737:
2730:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2710:
2700:
2685:
2679:
2674:
2671:Channel F wiki
2668:
2658:MobyGames list
2655:
2650:
2642:
2641:External links
2639:
2638:
2637:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2584:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2532:
2505:
2492:
2479:
2466:
2442:
2412:
2397:
2390:
2367:
2351:1800–present:
2304:
2284:
2272:
2237:
2215:
2191:
2187:US Patent 1978
2179:
2177:, pp. 10.
2175:Fairchild 1977
2167:
2150:Rost, Randi J.
2137:
2107:
2079:
2056:
2044:
2025:
1985:
1945:
1931:
1919:
1887:
1865:
1853:
1849:Fairchild 1977
1841:
1836:Newspapers.com
1813:
1801:
1796:Newspapers.com
1773:
1768:Newspapers.com
1754:"New Products"
1745:
1741:Fairchild 1977
1733:
1716:
1712:US Patent 1978
1704:
1697:
1675:
1646:
1639:
1619:
1601:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1555:
1546:
1543:
1494:Video Whizball
1490:Alien Invasion
1464:
1461:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1390:Videocart-29:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:Videocart-28:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1336:Videocart-27:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:Alien Invasion
1322:Videocart-26:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:Videocart-25:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:Videocart-24:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1280:Videocart-23:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1266:Videocart-22:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:Videocart-21:
1224:
1223:
1222:Miscellaneous
1220:
1217:
1215:Video Whizball
1213:Videocart-20:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:Videocart-19:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1185:Videocart-18:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1171:Videocart-17:
1168:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1157:Videocart-16:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1143:Videocart-15:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1129:Videocart-14:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1115:Videocart-13:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:Videocart-12:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:Videocart-11:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:Videocart-10:
1070:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1000:
999:
996:
993:
986:
985:
982:
979:
972:
971:
968:
965:
958:
957:
954:
951:
944:
943:
940:
937:
930:
929:
926:
923:
916:
915:
912:
909:
861:
860:
819:
817:
810:
801:Main article:
798:
795:
794:
793:
786:
783:
776:
770:
764:
746:
735:
706:
672:microprocessor
655:
654:
613:
611:
604:
598:
595:
560:
557:
497:
496:
455:
453:
446:
440:
437:
434:SABA Videoplay
382:
379:
311:
310:
290:
288:
277:
274:
251:ROM cartridges
247:microprocessor
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
216:
212:
211:
206:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
176: 310,000
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
138:
136:
135:
123:
110:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
60:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4358:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4244:Elbit Systems
4242:
4241:
4239:
4235:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4163:
4162:Meyers Midget
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4123:
4119:
4118:Zündapp Janus
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4098:Dornier Viper
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4021:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3988:
3983:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3951:Steam Machine
3949:
3947:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3890:
3887:
3884:
3880:
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3872:
3869:
3865:
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3798:
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3784:
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3774:
3771:
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3765:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3713:
3712:PlayStation 5
3710:
3708:
3707:PlayStation 4
3705:
3703:
3702:PlayStation 3
3700:
3698:
3697:PlayStation 2
3695:
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3614:Master System
3612:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3586:RCA Studio II
3584:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3398:Intellivision
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3078:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2975:RCA Studio II
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:Intellivision
2963:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2821:Retro console
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2793:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2754:
2750:
2743:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2704:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2693:The A.V. Club
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2602:9780814337226
2598:
2594:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2546:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2416:
2413:
2410:, p. 70.
2409:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2393:
2391:0-7615-3643-4
2387:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2328:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2288:
2285:
2282:, p. 65.
2281:
2276:
2273:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2146:Ahl, David H.
2141:
2138:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2054:, p. 67.
2053:
2048:
2045:
2041:. p. 61.
2040:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2015:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1941:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1888:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1863:, p. 64.
1862:
1857:
1854:
1851:, p. 15.
1850:
1845:
1842:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1723:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1698:9781138389908
1694:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1664:
1660:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1642:
1636:
1633:. Routledge.
1632:
1631:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1605:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1554:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1511:Casino Royale
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1425:Space Odyssey
1422:
1420:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1354:
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1334:
1330:
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1325:
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1311:
1307:
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1302:
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1293:
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1274:
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1264:
1260:
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1235:
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1226:
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1221:
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1212:
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1207:
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1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1188:
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1183:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:Videocart-9:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:Videocart-8:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:Videocart-7:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:Videocart-6:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:Videocart-5:
1002:
1001:
997:
994:
992:
989:Videocart-4:
988:
987:
983:
980:
978:
975:Videocart-3:
974:
973:
969:
966:
964:
961:Videocart-2:
960:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:Videocart-1:
946:
945:
941:
938:
936:(integrated)
935:
932:
931:
927:
924:
922:(integrated)
921:
918:
917:
913:
911:Release date
910:
907:
906:
900:
896:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
867:United States
857:
854:
846:
836:
832:
826:
825:
820:This section
818:
814:
809:
808:
804:
796:
791:
787:
784:
781:
777:
774:
771:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
744:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
714:
710:
707:
704:
700:
696:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
670:
667:
666:
661:
651:
648:
640:
637:February 2020
630:
626:
620:
619:
614:This section
612:
608:
603:
602:
596:
594:
592:
588:
587:
581:
577:
574:
569:
564:
558:
556:
552:
549:
545:
542:to allow for
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:screen. This
523:
521:
516:
508:
503:
493:
490:
482:
472:
468:
462:
461:
456:This section
454:
450:
445:
444:
438:
432:
424:
416:
408:
404:
400:
397:
387:
380:
378:
374:
372:
368:
364:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
334:
329:
327:
322:
318:
307:
298:
294:
291:This section
289:
286:
282:
281:
275:
273:
271:
266:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
230:
226:
217:
213:
207:
203:
200:
197:
195:
191:
188:
187:ROM cartridge
185:
181:
171:
167:
163:
159:
152:
148:
144:
140:
134:
128:
124:
122:
116:
112:
111:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
92:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
61:
58:Also known as
55:
48:
43:
39:
34:
19:
4259:M7 Aerospace
4201:
4135:XSM-73 Goose
4130:SAM-N-2 Lark
4076:Subsidiaries
4039:Subsidiaries
3849:Apple Pippin
3808:Arcadia 2001
3777:
3730:CreatiVision
3301:ColecoVision
3250:Apple Pippin
3119:Manufacturer
2945:
2936:ColecoVision
2916:Arcadia 2001
2792:Microconsole
2691:
2588:
2579:
2575:
2549:. Retrieved
2547:. March 1983
2544:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2518:
2508:
2500:
2499:Uston, Ken.
2495:
2487:
2486:Uston, Ken.
2482:
2474:
2473:Uston, Ken.
2469:
2458:. Retrieved
2454:
2445:
2433:. Retrieved
2429:the original
2424:
2415:
2379:
2370:
2360:February 29,
2358:. Retrieved
2338:
2318:
2307:
2296:
2287:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2254:
2240:
2227:
2218:
2207:. Retrieved
2203:
2194:
2189:, p. 8.
2182:
2170:
2161:
2157:
2140:
2128:. Retrieved
2124:the original
2119:
2110:
2098:. Retrieved
2094:
2082:
2070:. Retrieved
2059:
2047:
2034:
2028:
2002:. Retrieved
1998:the original
1988:
1962:. Retrieved
1958:the original
1948:
1934:
1922:
1910:. Retrieved
1906:the original
1899:
1890:
1877:
1868:
1856:
1844:
1825:
1816:
1804:
1785:
1776:
1757:
1748:
1743:, p. 6.
1736:
1714:, p. 1.
1707:
1684:
1678:
1666:. Retrieved
1629:
1622:
1613:
1604:
1592:. Retrieved
1588:Fast Company
1586:
1550:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:Casino Poker
1514:
1510:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1452:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1431:Pro-Football
1430:
1424:
1419:Casino Poker
1418:
1412:
1391:
1377:
1364:
1350:
1337:
1323:
1310:Casino Poker
1309:
1296:Pro Football
1295:
1281:
1268:Slot Machine
1267:
1261:Advertising
1253:
1228:
1214:
1200:
1186:
1172:
1158:
1144:
1131:Sonar Search
1130:
1116:
1102:
1088:
1074:
1060:
1046:
1040:Educational
1032:
1026:Educational
1018:
1004:
990:
976:
962:
948:
933:
919:
897:
892:
888:
884:
882:
875:
864:
849:
840:
829:Please help
824:verification
821:
790:RF modulated
769:: 60 Hz
767:Refresh rate
676:Fairchild F8
643:
634:
623:Please help
618:verification
615:
584:
582:
578:
565:
562:
553:
547:
524:
515:Fairchild F8
512:
485:
476:
465:Please help
460:verification
457:
401:
392:
375:
371:Milton Berle
351:
340:
330:
326:Jerry Lawson
314:
301:
297:adding to it
292:
267:
238:
236:
208:64 bytes RAM
199:Fairchild F8
178:(as of 1979)
161:Discontinued
107:Release date
77:Manufacturer
71:Jerry Lawson
4113:Project 621
3972:Evercade VS
3889:Super A'Can
3874:LaserActive
3854:CPS Changer
3818:RDI Halcyon
3692:PlayStation
3683:PlayStation
3535:Panasonic Q
3492:Nintendo 64
3370:Leapster TV
3278:Casio Loopy
2838:Generations
2564:Works cited
2545:Archive.org
2519:Video Games
2425:ConsoleCity
2331:1700–1799:
2311:1634–1699:
2004:February 5,
1964:February 5,
1912:January 21,
1502:Video Games
1442:Tic-Tac-Toe
843:August 2019
737:Additional
726:), plus 64
720:framebuffer
559:Controllers
548:Tic-Tac-Toe
532:framebuffer
479:August 2019
249:and to use
4310:Categories
3803:Action Max
3768:APF-MP1000
3669:Neo Geo CD
3375:ClickStart
3329:Amiga CD32
3207:VCS (2021)
3187:Atari 7800
3182:Atari 5200
3177:Atari 2600
3041:Digi Casse
2926:Atari 5200
2921:Atari 2600
2911:APF-MP1000
2897:generation
2551:29 January
2460:2021-06-04
2435:January 7,
2209:2020-02-29
2164:(1): 106ff
2130:January 7,
2100:January 7,
2072:January 6,
1729:Bunch 2023
1559:References
1409:Democart 2
749:Resolution
703:colorburst
695:colorburst
536:Atari 2600
520:VideoBrain
321:Intel 8080
263:US$ 169.95
255:Videocarts
253:(branded '
169:Units sold
154:US$ 169.95
97:Generation
3920:Hyperscan
3915:Game Wave
3641:Dreamcast
3558:Odyssey 2
3522:Panasonic
3413:Microsoft
3403:HyperScan
3311:Commodore
3255:Terebikko
3202:Flashback
3060:Dedicated
3026:3D Gamate
2970:Odyssey 2
2408:Wolf 2012
2280:Wolf 2012
2052:Wolf 2012
1927:Wolf 2012
1861:Wolf 2012
1809:Wolf 2012
1689:CRC Press
1527:Robot War
1506:Space War
1480:Ken Uston
1463:Reception
1454:Centipede
1378:trimerous
1317:Gambling
1275:Gambling
1159:Dodge' It
1138:Strategy
1061:Drag Race
1005:Space War
984:Gambling
780:modulated
684:operating
367:Ken Uston
304:June 2020
270:Atari VCS
145:1976–1983
119:November
67:Developer
4286:See also
4190:Products
3967:Polymega
3905:DISCover
3864:Goldstar
3735:Socrates
3591:RCA Nuon
3497:GameCube
3474:Nintendo
3436:Xbox One
3431:Xbox 360
3362:LeapFrog
3104:Services
3094:Emulator
2999:Handheld
2661:Archived
2378:(2001).
2336:(1992).
2316:(1997).
2259:Archived
2232:Archived
2152:(1983),
2014:cite web
1974:cite web
1882:Archived
1832:Archived
1792:Archived
1764:Archived
1668:June 17,
1594:July 29,
1552:TV Powww
1545:See also
1531:Whizball
1523:Dodge-It
1201:Checkers
1180:Pinball
1103:Baseball
991:Spitfire
788:Output:
743:3853 SMI
568:joystick
142:Lifespan
131:October
4237:Related
3823:Vectrex
3745:V.Flash
3740:V.Smile
3664:Neo Geo
3655:Neo Geo
3624:Sega CD
3609:SG-1000
3545:Philips
3273:PV-1000
3245:Playdia
3235:Arcadia
3109:History
3031:Variety
2980:Vectrex
2620:. 1977.
2525:May 26,
2455:itch.io
2298:YouTube
2265:July 7,
1449:itch.io
1338:Pac-Man
1303:Sports
1236:Sports
1229:Bowling
1208:Trivia
1194:Puzzle
1187:Hangman
1152:Puzzle
1110:Sports
1096:Trivia
1068:Racing
1054:Trivia
942:Sports
928:Sports
507:palette
276:History
215:Display
4211:People
3754:Others
3636:Saturn
3512:Switch
3390:Mattel
3380:LeapTV
3288:Coleco
3222:Bandai
3197:Jaguar
2895:Second
2599:
2388:
2255:GitHub
2251:"MAME"
1695:
1663:Looper
1637:
1365:Tetris
1247:Board
934:Tennis
920:Hockey
914:Genre
908:Title
891:, and
773:Colors
761:pixels
573:Zircon
439:Design
347:Ogilvy
205:Memory
101:Second
4088:AMC-5
3960:2020s
3946:CT510
3939:2010s
3930:Zeebo
3925:Xavix
3898:2000s
3879:Sanyo
3837:1990s
3796:1980s
3761:1970s
3722:VTech
3507:Wii U
3464:PC-FX
3339:Epoch
3265:Casio
3240:RX-78
3212:2600+
3169:Atari
2761:Types
2697:'
2629:(PDF)
2614:(PDF)
2343:(PDF)
2323:(PDF)
2091:(JPG)
1396:2022
1382:2020
1369:2019
1355:2018
1342:2009
1328:1981
1314:1981
1300:1981
1286:1980
1272:1980
1233:1978
1219:1978
1205:1978
1191:1978
1177:1978
1163:1978
1149:1978
1135:1977
1121:1977
1107:1977
1093:1977
1082:Maze
1079:1977
1065:1977
1051:1977
1037:1977
1023:1977
1009:1977
995:1977
981:1976
967:1976
953:1976
939:1976
925:1976
797:Games
728:bytes
724:DRAMs
705:*4/9)
697:/2).
680:8-bit
183:Media
3987:List
3679:Sony
3601:Sega
3568:CD-i
3426:Xbox
3417:Xbox
3324:CDTV
3192:XEGS
3114:List
3099:Game
2904:Home
2826:list
2809:list
2797:list
2785:list
2773:list
2597:ISBN
2582:(2).
2553:2023
2527:2014
2437:2019
2386:ISBN
2362:2024
2267:2019
2246:MAME
2132:2019
2102:2019
2074:2014
2020:link
2006:2016
1980:link
1966:2016
1914:2024
1901:CNBC
1693:ISBN
1670:2021
1635:ISBN
1596:2020
1535:with
1492:and
1438:SABA
877:Pong
757:VRAM
739:SRAM
716:VRAM
711:: 2
692:NTSC
528:VRAM
505:The
237:The
164:1983
133:1977
121:1976
87:Type
3651:SNK
3629:32X
3578:RCA
3502:Wii
3451:NEC
2690:at
1519:any
833:by
730:of
709:RAM
699:PAL
688:MHz
669:CPU
627:by
530:or
469:by
336:CPU
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194:CPU
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753:TV
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