456:
452:, it was recorded that the female visited the nest more times and invested more time into nest building than males do. The female was responsible for the incubation and incubated every night in Argentina, while the male provided preys for both and briefly incubated when the female went out of the nest. After hatching, the female does all of the chick covering, feeding and defense were only carried out by the female, whereas the male provided prey. These are typical parental behaviors by raptors and eagles, but seem somewhat more rigidly divided in this species as the male never appears to take on brooding responsibilities in the black-and-chestnut eagle.
86:
42:
619:
389:
320:
401:. The wings are whitish on juveniles where adults are chestnut and the remaining wing feathers of the juvenile have a much more varying black-and-white pattern. The tail of juveniles has two strong black bands. The juvenile’s eye is blue-gray, later becoming yellow before becoming orangish at maturity. Maturity is obtained gradually over four years, about average for a large eagle but nearly twice as long as some other
208:
61:
397:
The adult's tail is grayish with a thick black subterminal band. Adult black-and-chestnut eagles have orange-yellow eyes and yellow bare parts but for the somewhat proportionately small gray bill. The juvenile bird is very different, being whitish over the head and body with a buffy wash underneath and scaly grey-brown on the back and mantle, somewhat more extensive than in other whitish juvenile
367:. For its genus and for many genera of forest-dwelling raptors in general, it has a proportionately short tail and proportionately long wings but still it is longer tailed and shorter winged than most true open country eagles. Females are notably larger as is typical in raptors, by about 4% to 14%, and longer tailed. The
443:
Nest building is
February and March, laying eggs in April and May and fledgling young by August and September. It builds a huge stick nest about 2 m (6.6 ft) across and 1 m (3.3 ft) deep. Clutches include 1 to 2 fledglings. At the nest area in some areas, adults primarily appeared
396:
As an adult, this species is glossy black on the head and the back and a rich and somewhat streaky chestnut on the underside, much of the wing secondaries and even on its legs. The black-tipped white feathers on the wing primaries contrast strongly with the chestnut secondaries and underwing coverts.
678:
in the forests of the Andes is rampant as in much of the tropics. There may be only 370–1500 individuals of black-and-chestnut eagles left in the wild (and 250–999 mature individuals), fewer than previously thought. It is one of the most endangered birds of prey in the
Americas. Further exacerbating
380:
length. The talons of this species are very large and formidable for the size of the eagle, averaging 50.9 mm (2.00 in) in 6 females and 46.4 mm (1.83 in) in 6 males along the enlarged hallux claw (their main killing apparatus), thus nearly as large as a much bigger eagle such as
434:
is unlikely to be mistaken, being much broader winged and lacks all chestnut pigment, furthermore having an almost inverse tail pattern to adult black-and-chestnuts on a rather shorter tail. Unlike other crested raptors, it is reported that the crest of the black-and-chestnut eagle is held upright
463:
Black-and-chestnut eagle hunts primarily in the canopy; soars frequently and is rarely seen perched. Powerful legs and talons specialized for taking large prey. They frequently have much-abraded tails by plunging after prey through the branches. Main prey is usually small-to-mid-sized arboreal
429:
can appear surprisingly similar in flight to juvenile black-and-chestnut eagles but are conspicuously longer tailed with a stronger barring pattern. Furthermore, there is little to no overlap with the other species of the genus as well as crested eagles due to the distinct habitat used by the
375:
length is 463 to 488 mm (18.2 to 19.2 in) and 283 to 300 mm (11.1 to 11.8 in) in males, respectively, and 508 to 528 mm (20.0 to 20.8 in) and 329 to 335 mm (13.0 to 13.2 in) in females. A small sample of these eagles measured 110 to 120 mm (4.3 to
593:
eagles, but few interactions have been reported and, as they often occur at slightly different altitudes than other neotropic forest eagles, the black-and-chestnut eagle is believed to be normally the top avian predator in its range. One exception is the similarly sized
327:
This is a fairly large eagle and very large raptor at 60 to 80 cm (24 to 31 in) in total length with a wingspan of 147 to 180 cm (4 ft 10 in to 5 ft 11 in). It is largest current member of the genus
767:
Lerner, H., Christidis, L., Gamauf, A., Griffiths, C., Haring, E., Huddleston, C.J., Kabra, S., Kocum, A., Krosby, M., Kvaloy, K., Mindell, D., Rasmussen, P., Rov, N., Wadleigh, R., Wink, M. & Gjershaug, J.O. (2017).
784:
Zuluaga, S., Vargas, F. H., Araoz, R., & Grande, J. M. (2022). Main aerial top predator of the Andean
Montane Forest copes with fragmentation, but may be paying a high cost. Global Ecology and Conservation, 37,
968:
Restrepo-Cardona, Juan
Sebastián, et al. "Deforestation may trigger black-and-chestnut eagle (Spizaetus isidori) predation on domestic fowl." Tropical Conservation Science 12 (2019): 1940082919831838.
602:, whereas the black-and-chestnut eagle seems to prefer birds and small-to-mid-sized mammals, and the two species were observed flying near each other without aggression in southeastern
413:
species but are distinctly larger, bulkier and proportionately shorter tailed than both and each species has somewhat distinctive juvenile patterns on the wing primaries and tail. The
409:
by its larger, much bulkier frame and distinctive tail pattern on a conspicuously relatively shorter tail. Black-and-chestnut juveniles are more reminiscent of juveniles of both other
338:. Full grown weights for black-and-chestnut eagles have been reported as 1.5 to 3.5 kg (3.3 to 7.7 lb), making it among neotropic eagles around the same body size as the two
363:
is considerably larger among all neotropical eagles, with most other eagles absent from the high elevation forest home of the black-and-chestnut eagle apart from the
820:, version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1330:
283:
species and thus the species should be included in that genus. The black-and-chestnut eagle is a typical forest raptor, hunting primarily small to medium-sized
1088:
on 22 February 2018. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife
International (2018) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
606:
since prey partitioning appears to allow them to co-exist. One species seen to be aggressively displaced by the black-and-chestnut eagles here was the
1410:
1278:
1304:
834:
Integrating socio-ecological information to address human-top predator conflicts: the case of an endangered eagle in the eastern Andes of
Colombia
986:
DOMESTIC FOWL IN THE DIET OF THE BLACK-AND-CHESTNUT EAGLE (SPIZAETUS ISIDORI) IN THE EASTERN ANDES OF COLOMBIA: A POTENTIAL CONFLICT WITH HUMANS?
954:
Del Hoyo, J., Del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. (1992). Handbook of the birds of the world (Vol. 1, No. 8). Barcelona: Lynx edicions.
197:
1420:
572:, including standard-sized adults, which has caused some persecution of this endangered species. One small dietary study was conducted in
405:
species. Adult black-and-chestnut eagles are practically unmistakable, unless seen only dorsally and then can be distinguished from the
455:
580:
were much more frequently taken, making up 53.9% of the diet. Also, here the black-and-chestnut eagles took about the same number of
1118:
877:
1425:
65:
1103:
The first Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) nest discovered in
Argentina reveals potential human-predator conflicts
1309:
1017:
Observations on the ecology of the Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Oroaetus isidori) in a montane forest of southeastern Peru.
667:
1216:
348:
674:
of primary forest in foothills throughout the Andes is the primary cause of the precipitous decline of this species.
1440:
1335:
414:
85:
750:
517:
663:
1343:
659:
943:
First results on parental care of the black-and-chestnut eagle (Spizaetus isidori) in the Yungas area of Jujuy
1348:
1435:
1203:
1130:
481:
1221:
1168:
1113:"Raptors of the World" by Ferguson-Lees, Christie, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001),
180:
303:
killer, have caused strong population declines and the black-and-chestnut eagle is considered to be an
723:
435:
during calm periods of time and in flight and more likely to be held flat in stressful circumstances.
1265:
1195:
1177:
368:
1415:
465:
292:
50:
561:
553:
304:
215:
80:
928:
Schulenberg, T. S., Stotz, D. F., Lane, D. F., O'Neill, J. P., & Parker III, T. A. (2010).
1356:
1322:
1239:
1114:
873:
581:
418:
335:
679:
the species' conservation issues are its continued persecution as a killer of domestic fowl.
1361:
718:
406:
41:
1208:
1430:
1054:
Davies, C. W. N., Barnes, R., Butchart, S. H. M., Fernandez, M., & Seddon, N. (1997).
618:
525:
388:
274:
137:
1182:
816:
Bierregaard, R. O., G. M. Kirwan, P. F. D. Boesman, C.J. Sharpe, and J. S. Marks (2020).
700:
630:, normally at elevations between 1,800 to 2,500 m (5,900 to 8,200 ft), in the
627:
607:
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207:
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709:
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533:
426:
356:
250:
70:
1387:
1244:
422:
382:
258:
254:
147:
1231:
1030:
Feeding ecology and conservation of Isidor's Eagle (Spizaetus isidori) in
Colombia
872:
by
Ferguson-Lees, Christie, Franklin, Mead & Burton. Houghton Mifflin (2001),
1101:
Aráoz, R., Grande, J. M., López C., Cereghetti, J. & Vargas, F. H. in press.
584:
as they did chickens, and coatis are known predators of poultry chicks and eggs.
17:
1374:
1291:
1162:
577:
545:
541:
377:
360:
343:
296:
291:
and constructing a large nest in a tall tree. Unfortunately, the twin causes of
1153:
1382:
587:
They overlap in range with several other large forest eagles, including other
489:
891:
The booted eagles (Aves: Accipitridae): perspectives in evolutionary biology
770:
Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae)
655:
635:
589:
449:
330:
279:
262:
157:
97:
334:, with the smallest males somewhat larger linearly than the largest female
1147:
651:
573:
493:
445:
117:
1283:
1190:
1001:. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews, 22(6), 280–293.
671:
647:
639:
569:
473:
300:
1296:
904:
The birds of
Colombia and adjacent areas of South and Central America
513:
284:
107:
1257:
1124:
1032:. The Peregrine Fund Reports. The Peregrine Fund, Boise, Idaho, USA.
893:. University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).
1369:
1252:
631:
617:
599:
501:
454:
387:
318:
265:
1056:
The conservation status of birds on the Cordillera de Colán, Peru
1270:
643:
610:, possibly because they sometimes steal eggs from bird's nests.
603:
372:
308:
288:
127:
1128:
694:
692:
1067:
Sarasola, J. H., Grande, J. M., & Bechard, M. J. (2018).
323:
A 19th century painting of an adult black-and-chestnut eagle.
568:) are also taken. Black-and-chestnut eagles sometimes hunt
1089:
1085:
277:
indicates that this species is fairly closely related to
941:
Larrea, M., Gallego, D., Aráoz, R., & Grande, J. M.
576:, however, found that chickens made up 14.7% while wild
1043:
Conservation of the Black-and-Chestnut Eagle in Ecuador
832:
Zuluaga, S., Vargas, F. H. & Grande, J. M. (2020).
915:
Ascanio, D., Rodriguez, G., & Restall, R. (2017).
1137:
984:Zuluaga, S., & Echeverry-Galvis, M. Á. (2016).
964:
962:
960:
1080:BirdLife International (2018). Species factsheet:
836:. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation, 18(4).
598:, which preliminary reports suggests mostly hunts
421:, is not known to take up occasional residency in
1071:. In Birds of prey (pp. 373-394). Springer, Cham.
1058:. Bird Conservation International, 7(2), 181-195.
724:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696207A93549661.en
540:). Birds are import prey in some regions, mainly
865:
863:
861:
859:
857:
855:
796:The distribution of birds in Venezuelan páramos
670:. It is generally local and rare. Widespread
355:and slightly heavier than the notably longer
8:
818:Black-and-chestnut Eagle (Spizaetus isidori)
794:Vuilleumier, F., & Ewert, D. N. (1978).
417:is particularly far smaller and, unlike the
997:Mcgraw, W. S., & Berger, L. R. (2013).
980:
978:
976:
974:
1125:
1069:Conservation status of Neotropical raptors
930:Birds of Peru: revised and updated edition
798:. Bulletin of the AMNH; v. 162, article 2.
206:
59:
40:
31:
1019:Ornitologıa Neotropical 15 (2004): 31–40.
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804:
459:A black-and-chestnut eagle in habitat.
988:Ornitología Neotropical, 27, 113–120.
906:. Livingston Publ. Co., Pennsylvania.
392:Close-up of an adult's face and back.
7:
299:, justified or not as an occasional
1015:Valdez, Ursula, and Sophie Osborn.
710:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
658:, with isolated populations in the
351:, at least twice as heavy as other
25:
847:CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses
1411:IUCN Red List endangered species
902:Meyer de Schauensee, R. (1964).
560:), though smaller birds such as
84:
1028:Marquez, C.; Delgado, H. 2010.
699:BirdLife International (2016).
1:
1105:. Journal of Raptor Research.
999:Raptors and primate evolution
932:. Princeton University Press.
772:. Zootaxa, 4216(4), 301–320.
668:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
261:. It is often placed in the
1421:Birds of the Northern Andes
425:. Also juvenile pale morph
349:black-chested buzzard-eagle
1457:
518:gray-bellied night monkeys
415:black-and-white hawk-eagle
845:Dunning Jr, J. B. (2007).
448:to feed their young. In
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214:
205:
186:
179:
81:Scientific classification
79:
57:
48:
39:
35:Black-and-chestnut eagle
34:
919:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
717:: e.T22696207A93549661.
660:Venezuelan Coastal Range
430:black-and-chestnut. The
237:black-and-chestnut eagle
1426:Birds described in 1845
1090:http://www.birdlife.org
1086:http://www.birdlife.org
622:An adult bird in flight
582:western mountain coatis
512:) are taken as well as
482:stump-tailed porcupines
623:
460:
393:
324:
1041:Campbell, A. (2017).
889:Parry, S. J. (2001).
626:It is found in humid
621:
538:Lagothrix lagothricha
458:
391:
322:
1092:on 22 February 2018.
870:Raptors of the World
566:Patagioenas fasciata
558:Chamaepetes goudotii
466:red-tailed squirrels
664:Serranía del Perijá
562:Band-tailed pigeons
554:Sickle-winged Guans
470:Sciurus granatensis
293:habitat destruction
51:Conservation status
1084:. Downloaded from
917:Birds of Venezuela
751:"Oroaetus isidori"
624:
614:Habitat and status
550:Penelope montagnii
464:mammals including
461:
394:
336:ornate hawk-eagles
325:
305:Endangered species
273:. However, recent
1441:Birds of Colombia
1398:
1397:
1388:Spizaetus-isidori
1357:Open Tree of Life
1169:Spizaetus isidori
1139:Spizaetus isidori
1131:Taxon identifiers
1082:Spizaetus isidori
703:Spizaetus isidori
506:Nasuella olivacea
488:). Occasionally,
486:Coendou rufescens
419:ornate hawk-eagle
245:), also known as
242:Spizaetus isidori
233:
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190:Spizaetus isidori
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18:Spizaetus isidori
16:(Redirected from
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407:black hawk-eagle
376:4.7 in) in
227:(Des Murs, 1845)
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224:Oroaetus isidori
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526:tufted capuchin
522:Aotus lemurinus
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275:genetic testing
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172:S. isidori
138:Accipitriformes
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27:Species of bird
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687:
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634:from northern
615:
612:
608:turkey vulture
596:solitary eagle
534:woolly monkeys
530:Sapajus apella
440:
437:
432:solitary eagle
427:crested eagles
365:solitary eagle
316:
313:
257:in the family
251:South American
247:Isidor's eagle
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148:Accipitridae
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1344:Neotropical
1292:iNaturalist
1163:Wikispecies
730:12 November
510:Nasua nasua
490:carnivorans
361:harpy eagle
359:. Only the
344:Buteogallus
315:Description
297:persecution
253:species of
1416:Buteoninae
1405:Categories
1383:Xeno-canto
683:References
638:, through
480:sp.), and
369:wing chord
66:Endangered
656:Venezuela
636:Argentina
590:Spizaetus
494:kinkajous
478:Didelphis
450:Argentina
446:squirrels
444:to bring
411:Spizaetus
403:Spizaetus
399:Spizaetus
353:Spizaetus
331:Spizaetus
280:Spizaetus
263:monotypic
166:Species:
159:Spizaetus
104:Kingdom:
98:Eukaryota
1370:Species+
1323:22696207
1209:22696207
1204:BirdLife
1154:Q1260020
1148:Wikidata
652:Colombia
574:Colombia
570:chickens
544:such as
516:such as
492:such as
474:opossums
347:and the
270:Oroaetus
216:Synonyms
198:Des Murs
144:Family:
118:Chordata
114:Phylum:
108:Animalia
94:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
1349:baceag2
1284:5788512
1271:1048938
1258:baceag2
1232:baceag2
1191:Avibase
785:e02174.
755:Avibase
672:cutting
648:Ecuador
640:Bolivia
514:monkeys
439:Ecology
340:largest
307:by the
301:poultry
285:mammals
200:, 1845)
154:Genus:
134:Order:
124:Class:
69: (
1431:Eagles
1362:238260
1336:291970
1310:824124
1222:113096
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600:snakes
552:) and
508:&
502:coatis
378:tarsus
1297:73432
1253:eBird
1245:6ZCKG
1229:BOW:
654:, to
632:Andes
542:guans
289:birds
266:genus
1375:7769
1331:NCBI
1318:IUCN
1305:ITIS
1279:GBIF
1217:BOLD
1115:ISBN
874:ISBN
732:2021
715:2016
666:and
644:Peru
604:Peru
373:tail
371:and
309:IUCN
295:and
287:and
235:The
128:Aves
1266:EoL
1240:CoL
1178:ADW
719:doi
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
