909:
pole. The sound of thunder shattered their efforts then. It loosened a piece of red rock, which turned into a handsome red man. He wanted a brother, so
Amotkan gave him one made from the root of an herb called spowaunch. The two brothers went to a lodge occupied by a witch, Lady Bullfrog. She became so enamored of the brother formed of the root that she leaped onto his face—and stuck there. In pulling loose, she tore out one of his eyes. He then volunteered to ascend into the sky to be light for the earth, for he did not want people to see his face, now missing one eye. Thus, he became the sun, and when people looked at him, they had to close one of their own eyes. The other man joined his lonely brother in the sky. But before he did so, Lady Bullfrog had jumped onto his face, too. He became the moon. Today, if one looks carefully at the moon, one can see Lady Bullfrog clinging to his face. Because he was lonesome, Coyote, after several failures, made Spokane man… Coyote then mixed all these elements together and—adding berries, smoke, and fire—created the Spokane man. With these same elements, he created Spokane woman, and Amotkan, the Creator, gave her life. Man and woman soon became wild, caring little for the safety of the others who had sprung from them. A flood came then and covered the land, destroying all except a few people. The survivors banded together for safety, elected a leader, and multiplied. In time, the leader divided the people into small groups. They became the various tribes.
286:
79:
1548:
297:
126:
38:
872:"foresaw the disappearance of the whites, the resurrection of the Indian dead, and the restoration of the world to a pristine state. This millennial transformation required no acts of violence — indeed, most Dreamers counseled pacifism — but to achieve it, the Indians had to obey the instructions of the Creator as conveyed through the prophets" (Fisher).
466:(Hułnʔixʷtˈusm) on the east. The precontact population of the Spokane people is estimated to be about 1,400 to 2,500 people. The populations of the tribe began to diminish after contact with settlers and traders due to mortality from new infectious diseases endemic among the Europeans, and to which the Spokane had no acquired immunity. By 1829 a
613:(Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Pend d'oreille-Paloos War) of 1858, a series of encounters between the allied Native American tribes of the Skitswish ("Coeur d'Alene"), Kalispell ("Pend'Oreille"), Spokane, Palouse and Northern Paiute against United States Army forces in Washington and Idaho which centered in ancestral Spokane territories.
792:
were a huge part of the
Spokane diet and also a large part of the trade economy. The Spokane people also ate trout and whitefish. They would smoke or dry the fish for trade or for storage in winter. Fish eyes were considered delicacies. Plants gathered by women provided nearly half of the caloric intake for the Spokane tribe.
800:
Men of the
Spokane tribe created tools, fished, and hunted. After the tribe acquired horses, the men cared for and trained these animals, and horses became a measure of wealth. The animals allowed the people to travel wider territories, and were used also to carry or pull their supplies. The men rode
752:("People of the steelhead river, i.e. Little Spokane River") occupied the area near Spokane Falls to Hangman (Latah) Creek and Deep Creek to Tum Tum, Middle Spokane territory includes Spokane House, the site of the first permanent white settlement in Washington State, another variant of their name is
791:
The
Spokane diet consisted of fish, local game, and plants, including nuts and roots. The men hunted whitetail deer and mule deer, which provided essential protein and other nutrients in the winter. Individual hunters would track the deer and kill them using a bow and arrow. Fish, especially salmon,
845:
The
Dreamer Cult developed as a mix of traditional spirituality and aspects of Christianity. The Dreamer prophets rejected non-Native culture and belief systems. The prophets advocated returning to traditional ways of life. "rior to contact, Plateau Indian spirituality revolved around a complex of
816:
Spokane women made coiled baskets out of birch bark (or from cedar roots). They wove wallets and bags from strips of processed animal hide. They would also sew mats and other items which were sometimes traded with other Native peoples and white traders and settlers. Some of the plants they gathered
782:
custom, in which the husband of a
Spokane woman, after marriage, would join her and her people as the site of their home together. Occasionally, the wife would move to the husband's people. There was mobility between bands, by which a person or family could spend one winter with a band and the next
908:
The
Creator, Amotkan made light only after all the animals had congregated to create it for Woodpecker up it, but the pole was too hot for him. They next sent Coyote up the pole. But he was too noisy, all the time shouting down to his children. Bear volunteered, but he found it too cold atop the
701:
The creation of dams on the
Spokane and related waterways, to generate hydroelectric power and provide water for irrigation in the arid eastern part of the state, has also affected the Spokane people. Construction of the Little Falls dam resulted in the end of most of the salmon run at
821:
roots and local berries and barks. The women used digging sticks to uproot and gather their food. It was a fundamental tool for their lives, and it was a rite of passage for young girls to be given their first digging sticks. Women's graves were often marked with these sticks.
668:
to join him in trying to expel the settlers. Prior to colonization by
European-Americans, Chewelah was home to a band of the Kalispel people. The band was known as the slet̓éw̓si, meaning "valley people". The Chewelah Band of Indians is currently part of the Spokane Tribe.
470:
trader estimated there were about 700 Spokane people in the area. Since the early 20th century, their population has been steadily increasing: in 1985 tribal enrolled membership was reported as 1,961. In 2019 the tribe reported its population to be around 2,900 people.
677:
Around the 1950s, uranium was discovered on the reservation. With the development of nuclear weapons and other tools, it was considered highly valuable. It was mined (under leases arranged on behalf of the
Spokane by the federal government) from 1956 to 1962 out of an
876:
The Dreamer Cult remained prominent within the Columbia Plateau peoples until the early 1890s, when the major prophets died and their followers began to lose faith in the promise of a world free of white people. The closest contemporary religion to the Washani is the
258:
562:, surviving by hunting and gathering. Spokane territory once sprawled over three million acres (12,000 km²) of land. The Spokanes lived along the river in three bands known as the Upper, Middle and Lower Spokane Indians. The Spokane bands were
494:
A number of possible interpretations of the name have been proposed. Most frequently, the name has been translated as "Sun children", "Children of the Sun", or "Muddy people". According to Pritzker (2011), these interpretations are most probably
740:("People of the Falls") resided along the Little Spokane River and all the country east of the Lower Spokane to within the borders of the Coeur d'Alene and Kalispel, sometimes their name is given as
1687:
1728:
1536:
729:
The Spokane tribe was divided into three geographic divisions, upper, lower, and middle. Each area was divided into bands, which were composed of groups of related families or kin groups.
1316:
1205:
1126:
636:
predominately inhabited by the Colville people (Sxʷyelpetkʷ). Not all the Spokane people moved from their traditional territory, which caused some conflict with white settlers. In the
1733:
1587:
1514:
94:, as the content is inconsistent in itself, and with given references (I made an emergency fix in one place, together with placing this template, but there likely is more.).
423:(Sʎˈetkʷ) is named after the tribe. It developed along the Spokane River, within the historic ancestral land of the tribe, but not within the reservation (see map).
1567:
1529:
989:
1577:
1437:
Ed. Spencer C. Tucker, James Arnold, and Roberta Wiener. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011. 752-753. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. May 23, 2016.
1682:
382:
1522:
1582:
846:
Winter dances, personal vision quests, and seasonal feasts tied to the annual subsistence cycle and the acquisition of guardian spirit powers"(Fisher).
1552:
581:, which were endemic among Europeans. Shortly after the encounter with the Lewis and Clark Expedition, fur traders and settlers arrived. In 1810, the
1652:
1622:
1415:
Ed. Bruce E. Johansen and Barry M. Pritzker. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2008. 380-381. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. May 23, 2016.
764:("People of Little Falls") traditionally occupied the lower Spokane River from Little Falls to the confluence of the Columbia River, also known as
1743:
1503:
1427:
775:
or chief and a sub chief, who were both selected to lead based on their leadership qualities. Decisions were made by consensus of the group.
566:, following game and plants on a seasonal basis for nine months of the year, and settling in permanent winter villages for the other three.
960:, (Spokan name: Slough-Keetcha), 19th-century Middle Spokane tribal leader and later of the Upper Spokane tribe too, diplomat and spokesman
577:
encountered the Spokane tribe in 1805. Already the Spokane people were dwindling in population from introduced Eurasian diseases, such as
323:
1386:
1355:
1278:
227:
209:
65:
503:, meaning "round head." The interpretation of "children of the Sun" was reported by Thomas Symons (1882), who attributed it to
435:
1627:
694:
cleanup sites, as the mining process left the grounds and underground water highly contaminated by metals, radionucleides and
143:
51:
190:
147:
616:
By treaty between the federal government and the tribe, the people ceded most of their territory, accepting removal to the
162:
813:
tribe. By about 1800, the Spokane tribe was acquiring herds, showing that they had fully embraced use of these animals.
1637:
1572:
169:
714:
574:
484:
409:
405:
364:
1702:
1697:
1592:
532:
431:
352:
91:
176:
1738:
857:, which took place in mid-January. Dancers sought to identify with the Prophet's spirit. In the Spirit Dance a
710:, on the Columbia River, blocked salmon from migrating upriver and ended all salmon runs on the Spokane River.
1723:
1667:
935:
641:
488:
467:
136:
158:
1662:
1642:
606:
356:
1612:
1485:
1179:
718:
629:
459:
1013:
1677:
1657:
1647:
1435:
The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890: A Political, Social, and Military History.
982:
878:
637:
633:
625:
621:
610:
590:
1207:
The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890: A Political, Social, and Military History
801:
the horses during hunting and warfare. Horses were introduced to the Spokane tribe from either the
617:
598:
420:
100:
57:
1556:
1547:
842:
and emerged from the pressures of colonization during the second half of the nineteenth century.
695:
582:
555:
386:
301:
296:
443:
1294:
1602:
1499:
1423:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1351:
1274:
1233:
810:
609:
for the Spokane children, from 1898 to 1906. The Spokane took prominent part in the so called
524:
516:
496:
439:
318:
1509:
1347:
1341:
802:
707:
661:
455:
427:
360:
336:
314:
183:
1617:
976:
963:
913:
653:
594:
1479:
1091:
78:
1632:
1267:
931:
839:
1060:
257:
1717:
1466:
957:
850:
703:
687:
657:
586:
551:
463:
413:
290:
285:
1597:
1245:
854:
831:
683:
665:
602:
563:
340:
416:. In total, the reservation is about 615 square kilometres (237 sq mi).
1607:
953:
947:
941:
451:
125:
438:. Therefore they are close kin both by language and culture to the neighboring
1467:
History and Culture, presented in the Website of the Wellpinit School District
779:
570:
408:, but also includes two small parcels of land (totaling about 1.52 acres ) in
491:
for one specific band of the Spokane, later transferred to all allied bands.
691:
446:. They were in loose alliance with other Plateau tribes - and sometimes the
401:
682:. This practice was ended, and from 1969 to 1982, uranium was mined at the
1026:
865:
818:
806:
679:
578:
504:
1692:
649:
447:
499:(or "faulty translations") derived from an actual self-designation of
458:(Ncoʕʷaqs) joined in - against their common enemy (Sˈmen), the mighty
17:
1478:
858:
645:
624:(Scqesciłni) agreed to move to the Spokane Reservation. In 1887 the
569:
The first Europeans whom the Spokane people had contact with were
559:
390:
1518:
1460:
1009:
1471:
1420:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
713:
The Spokane Tribe is one of several tribal governments in the
119:
72:
31:
1493:
1321:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: ABC-CLIO. pp. 380–381
1210:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: ABC_CLIO. pp. 752–753
605:(Čˈłyaqˈ) in 1811. Much later, the structure was used as an
507:(1831), who mentioned the name of a chief in the region as
1447:
550:
For thousands of years the Spokane people lived near the
404:(Sčecuwe). The reservation is located almost entirely in
400:
is located in northeastern Washington state, centered at
96:
1408:
Berkeley: University of California Press, 1953. Print.
1377:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
1151:
Children of the Sun: A History of the Spokane Indians
1230:
Report of an Examination of the Upper Columbia River
838:
meaning "worship" or "dancers". It developed in the
542:, meaning "people", is also recorded as an autonym.
511:"Son of the Sun". The word for "Sun" is recorded as
861:would call upon the spirit to visit an individual.
346:
330:
308:
277:
267:
248:
150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1729:American Indian reservations in Washington (state)
1444:Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970. Print.
1266:
660:of 1877, they remained neutral despite pleas from
1246:Vocabulary Words in the Salishan Language Family
1232:, United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1882,
1131:. Gale Virtual Reference Library: ABC-CLIO. 2008
990:The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian
906:
849:A few examples of spiritual dances include the
656:peoples against the European Americans. In the
385:who inhabit the eastern portion of present-day
756:("People of the steelhead trout place"). The
620:, which was established in 1881. In 1877, the
27:Native American tribe in the Pacific Northwest
1530:
1295:"TRANSIT SERVICES – Spokane Tribe of Indians"
8:
1734:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
1180:Plateau People' Web Portal - Spoqín (Spokan)
895:"Spokane Lake of Long Ago" told by Chief Lot
243:
1346:. University of California Press. pp.
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1537:
1523:
1515:
256:
242:
1472:Spokane Tribe of Indians Language Program
1442:The Spokane Indians: Children of the Sun.
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
640:of 1858, the Spokane had allied with the
228:Learn how and when to remove this message
210:Learn how and when to remove this message
1413:Encyclopedia of American Indian History.
1406:Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest.
1269:The Spokane Indians: Children of the Sun
1121:
1119:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1086:
1084:
1082:
1055:
1053:
918:The Spokane Indians: Children of the Sun
554:in the territory of present-day eastern
483:is first recorded in 1807. According to
1422:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
1374:Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest
1343:Indian Legends of the Pacific Northwest
1318:Encyclopedia of American Indian History
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1128:Encyclopedia of American Indian History
1002:
589:near the confluence of the Spokane and
768:("Fishers", after a settlement name).
1498:, by John Alan Ross, published 2011,
531:in Coeur d'Alene, all members of the
7:
1489:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
632:(Snxʷme̓nʔey) agreed to move to the
278:Regions with significant populations
148:adding citations to reliable sources
456:Cree-Assiniboine (Iron Confederacy)
367:, and other Interior Salish tribes
1440:Ruby, Robert H and Brown, John A.
1411:Fisher, Andrew H. "Dreamer Cult."
597:run") rivers as a trade post. The
593:(Nxweme'a'tkxy - "river where the
25:
1477:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1092:"Extra Lesson 4: Names of Tribes"
966:, artist and anti-mascot activist
898:"The Origin of the Spokane River"
432:Interior Salishan language family
393:in the United States of America.
47:This article has multiple issues.
1546:
1273:. University of Oklahoma Press.
324:Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille language
295:
284:
124:
77:
36:
1448:Spokane Reservation, Washington
1433:Pritzker, Barry M. "Spokanes."
771:Individual bands were led by a
339:, traditional tribal religion,
135:needs additional citations for
55:or discuss these issues on the
1744:Culture of Spokane, Washington
1061:"Extra Lesson 5: Local Places"
1:
383:Native American Plateau tribe
1506:, the definitive ethnography
440:Bitterroot Salish (Flathead)
430:(Npoqínišcn) belongs to the
389:state and parts of northern
1450:United States Census Bureau
1204:Pritzker, Barry M. (2011).
864:It is believed the prophet
830:A Spokane religion was the
487:, the name was used by the
90:to comply with Knowledge's
1760:
1315:Fisher, Andrew H. (2008).
1029:(retrieved March 16, 2015)
738:Sntʔtʔúlixʷ (Sntu't'ulixi)
715:northwestern United States
575:Lewis and Clark Expedition
398:Spokane Indian Reservation
1563:
750:Snxʷme̓nʔey (Snx'w'meney)
744:(" at the Rapids"). The
673:Post-World War II history
351:
335:
313:
282:
272:
255:
1461:Spokane Tribe of Indians
1265:Ruby, Robert H. (1970).
412:, including part of the
103:may contain suggestions.
88:may need to be rewritten
1371:Clark, Ella E. (1953).
1340:Clark, Ella E. (1953).
1228:Thomas William Symons,
938:), author and filmmaker
840:Columbia Plateau tribes
1480:"Spokan Indians"
1248:(native-languages.org)
926:Notable tribal members
923:
874:
762:Scqesciłni (Scqecioni)
607:Indian boarding school
462:(Sčqˈʷišni) and later
262:Tribal logo (ca. 2006)
1486:Catholic Encyclopedia
985:(aka the Spokane War)
870:
783:winter with another.
630:Middle Spokane people
460:Blackfoot Confederacy
434:, being a dialect of
347:Related ethnic groups
1096:snxʷmeneʔ nqʷlqʷeltn
1065:snxʷmeneʔ nqʷlqʷeltn
879:Seven Drums Religion
721:on its reservation.
634:Colville Reservation
622:Lower Spokane people
468:Hudson's Bay Company
144:improve this article
1583:Jamestown S'Klallam
1553:Indian reservations
1510:Spokane Salish Blog
1418:Pritzker, Barry M.
1149:David C. Wynecoop,
618:Spokane Reservation
599:Pacific Fur Company
573:and explorers. The
497:popular etymologies
421:Spokane, Washington
245:
1495:The Spokan Indians
950:, fashion designer
944:, poet and scholar
778:The Spokane had a
690:is on the list of
628:(Sntʔtʔúlixʷ) and
583:North West Company
535:branch of Salish.
442:(Tˈatˈʔayaqn) and
1711:
1710:
1504:978-0-9832311-0-3
1428:978-0-19-513877-1
1027:" Spokane Tribe "
1010:spokanetribe.com/
983:Coeur d'Alene War
664:(Saʕaptni) chief
638:Coeur d'Alene War
611:Coeur d'Alene War
517:Bitterroot Salish
371:
370:
353:Bitterroot Salish
238:
237:
230:
220:
219:
212:
194:
118:
117:
92:quality standards
70:
16:(Redirected from
1751:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1532:
1525:
1516:
1490:
1482:
1393:
1392:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1312:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1272:
1262:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1201:
1182:
1160:
1154:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1123:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1098:. Spokane Nation
1088:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1067:. Spokane Nation
1057:
1048:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1030:
1023:
1017:
1007:
921:
912:— Spokane
719:free bus service
708:Grand Coulee Dam
428:Spokane language
300:
299:
289:
288:
268:Total population
260:
246:
233:
226:
215:
208:
204:
201:
195:
193:
159:"Spokane people"
152:
128:
120:
113:
110:
104:
81:
73:
62:
40:
39:
32:
21:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1739:Interior Salish
1714:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1559:
1545:
1543:
1476:
1463:, official site
1457:
1401:
1396:
1389:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1314:
1313:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1281:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1244:
1240:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1211:
1203:
1202:
1185:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1144:
1134:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1111:
1101:
1099:
1090:
1089:
1080:
1070:
1068:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1008:
1004:
1000:
979:(baseball team)
977:Spokane Indians
973:
964:Charlene Teters
928:
922:
914:creation mythos
911:
910:
905:
892:
887:
828:
798:
789:
727:
696:acidic drainage
675:
595:Steelhead trout
548:
533:Interior Salish
477:
444:Pend d'Oreilles
365:Pend d'Oreilles
321:
294:
283:
263:
251:
241:
234:
223:
222:
221:
216:
205:
199:
196:
153:
151:
141:
129:
114:
108:
105:
95:
82:
41:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1757:
1755:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1724:Spokane people
1716:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1678:Squaxin Island
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1658:Shoalwater Bay
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1534:
1527:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1491:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1456:
1455:External links
1453:
1452:
1451:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1416:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1363:
1356:
1332:
1300:
1286:
1279:
1250:
1238:
1221:
1183:
1155:
1142:
1109:
1078:
1049:
1040:
1031:
1018:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
986:
980:
972:
969:
968:
967:
961:
951:
945:
939:
932:Sherman Alexie
927:
924:
907:
904:
903:Creation story
901:
900:
899:
896:
891:
888:
886:
883:
834:, also called
827:
824:
797:
794:
788:
785:
746:Middle Spokane
726:
723:
674:
671:
591:Little Spokane
547:
544:
509:Illim-Spokanée
476:
473:
454:(Stemčiʔ) and
436:Montana Salish
410:Lincoln County
406:Stevens County
369:
368:
349:
348:
344:
343:
333:
332:
328:
327:
311:
310:
306:
305:
280:
279:
275:
274:
270:
269:
265:
264:
261:
253:
252:
249:
239:
236:
235:
218:
217:
132:
130:
123:
116:
115:
85:
83:
76:
71:
45:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1756:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:Stillaguamish
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1653:Sauk-Suiattle
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1540:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:Clark, Ella.
1403:
1402:
1398:
1390:
1388:0-520-00243-1
1384:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1364:
1359:
1357:0-520-00243-1
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1336:
1333:
1320:
1319:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1287:
1282:
1280:0-8061-0905-X
1276:
1271:
1270:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1146:
1143:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1079:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1047:Pritzker, 281
1044:
1041:
1038:Pritzker, 280
1035:
1032:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1003:
997:
992:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
974:
970:
965:
962:
959:
958:Spokane Garry
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
936:Coeur d'Alene
933:
930:
929:
925:
919:
916:as retold in
915:
902:
897:
894:
893:
889:
884:
882:
880:
873:
869:
868:in a vision
867:
862:
860:
856:
852:
851:Prophet Dance
847:
843:
841:
837:
833:
825:
823:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
795:
793:
786:
784:
781:
776:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
758:Lower Spokane
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Upper Spokane
730:
724:
722:
720:
716:
711:
709:
705:
704:Spokane Falls
699:
697:
693:
689:
688:inactive mine
685:
681:
672:
670:
667:
663:
659:
658:Nez Perce War
655:
651:
647:
643:
642:Coeur d'Alene
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
587:Spokane House
584:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
558:and northern
557:
553:
552:Spokane River
545:
543:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
492:
490:
489:Coeur d'Alene
486:
482:
474:
472:
469:
465:
464:Lakota people
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
424:
422:
417:
415:
414:Spokane River
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
392:
388:
384:
381:people are a
380:
376:
366:
362:
358:
357:Coeur D'Alene
354:
350:
345:
342:
338:
337:Dreamer Faith
334:
329:
325:
320:
316:
312:
307:
303:
298:
292:
291:United States
287:
281:
276:
271:
266:
259:
254:
247:
232:
229:
214:
211:
203:
192:
189:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
168:
164:
161: –
160:
156:
155:Find sources:
149:
145:
139:
138:
133:This article
131:
127:
122:
121:
112:
102:
98:
93:
89:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
1698:Upper Skagit
1672:
1628:Port Madison
1494:
1484:
1441:
1434:
1419:
1412:
1405:
1373:
1366:
1342:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1317:
1289:
1268:
1241:
1229:
1224:
1212:. Retrieved
1206:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1153:, 1969 p. 7.
1150:
1145:
1133:. Retrieved
1127:
1100:. Retrieved
1095:
1069:. Retrieved
1064:
1043:
1034:
1025:As of 2019,
1021:
1014:October 2006
1005:
988:
917:
875:
871:
863:
855:Spirit Dance
848:
844:
835:
832:Dreamer Cult
829:
815:
799:
796:Gender roles
790:
777:
772:
770:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
731:
728:
725:Organization
712:
700:
684:Midnite Mine
676:
666:Chief Joseph
648:(Yiʔaqmeʔ),
615:
603:Fort Spokane
601:established
568:
564:semi nomadic
549:
539:
537:
528:
520:
512:
508:
500:
493:
485:George Gibbs
480:
478:
425:
419:The city of
418:
397:
396:The current
395:
378:
374:
372:
341:Christianity
322:(dialect of
240:Ethnic group
224:
206:
200:January 2023
197:
187:
180:
173:
166:
154:
142:Please help
137:verification
134:
109:January 2018
106:
97:You can help
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
1623:Port Gamble
1608:Muckleshoot
1593:Lower Elwha
1162:variously
954:Chief Garry
948:Betty David
942:Gloria Bird
644:(Sčicwˈi),
585:opened the
571:fur traders
452:Crow Nation
1718:Categories
1668:Snoqualmie
1557:Washington
1399:References
780:matrilocal
766:Squasi'lni
754:Snxwemi'ne
686:. The now
556:Washington
450:(Sqlˈse),
387:Washington
302:Washington
170:newspapers
52:improve it
1688:Swinomish
1663:Skokomish
1613:Nisqually
1172:Sp'q'n'iʔ
1164:Spoqe'ind
934:(Spokane-
885:Mythology
803:Nez Perce
787:Lifestyle
742:Sineka'lt
717:to offer
692:Superfund
662:Nez Perce
538:The word
529:ałdarench
527:, and as
519:, but as
501:Spoqe'ind
479:The name
402:Wellpinit
309:Languages
101:talk page
58:talk page
1643:Quinault
1638:Quileute
1633:Puyallup
1618:Nooksack
1588:Kalispel
1573:Colville
1568:Chehalis
1176:Sp'q'n'i
971:See also
866:Smohalla
853:and the
836:Washani,
826:Religion
811:Flathead
807:Kalispel
680:open pit
579:smallpox
525:Okanagan
505:Ross Cox
361:Kootenai
331:Religion
1693:Tulalip
1673:Spokane
1379:116–117
1325:May 23,
1214:May 23,
1135:May 23,
1102:June 2,
1071:June 2,
920:(Ruby)
890:Stories
773:Ilmixʷm
650:Palouse
546:History
513:spukani
481:Spokane
448:Kutenai
379:Spokane
315:English
244:Spokane
184:scholar
1703:Yakama
1648:Samish
1502:
1426:
1385:
1354:
1277:
1234:p. 128
1168:Spoqín
993:(book)
859:shaman
706:. The
654:Paiute
652:, and
646:Yakima
540:sqeliz
521:sokemm
375:Spokan
319:Salish
250:Sqeliz
186:
179:
172:
165:
157:
99:. The
18:Spokan
1603:Makah
1598:Lummi
1348:74–75
998:Notes
819:camas
817:were
809:, or
626:Upper
560:Idaho
391:Idaho
273:2,900
191:JSTOR
177:books
1500:ISBN
1424:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1352:ISBN
1327:2016
1275:ISBN
1216:2016
1137:2016
1104:2024
1073:2024
732:The
515:for
475:Name
426:The
373:The
163:news
1578:Hoh
1555:in
1170:,
956:or
760:or
748:or
736:or
523:in
377:or
146:by
1720::
1483:.
1381:.
1350:.
1303:^
1253:^
1186:^
1178:;
1174:,
1166:,
1112:^
1094:.
1081:^
1063:.
1052:^
1016:)
881:.
805:,
698:.
363:,
359:,
355:,
317:,
61:.
1538:e
1531:t
1524:v
1430:.
1391:.
1360:.
1329:.
1297:.
1283:.
1236:.
1218:.
1139:.
1106:.
1075:.
1012:(
326:)
304:)
293:(
231:)
225:(
213:)
207:(
202:)
198:(
188:·
181:·
174:·
167:·
140:.
111:)
107:(
68:)
64:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
