1141:, "to show off") or stotting. In pronking, the springbok performs multiple leaps into the air in a stiff-legged posture, with the back bowed and the white flap lifted. When the male shows off his strength to attract a mate, or to ward off predators, he starts off in a stiff-legged trot, leaping into the air with an arched back every few paces and lifting the flap along his back. Lifting the flap causes the long white hairs under the tail to stand up in a conspicuous fan shape, which in turn emits a strong scent of sweat. Although the exact cause of this behaviour is unknown, springbok exhibit this activity when they are nervous or otherwise excited. The most accepted theory for pronking is that it is a method to raise alarm against a potential predator or confuse it, or to get a better view of a concealed predator; it may also be used for
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browsing counterparts. Adults were found to be more vigilant than juveniles, and males more vigilant than females. Springbok passing through bushes tend to be more vulnerable to predator attacks as they can not be easily alerted, and predators usually conceal themselves in bushes. Another study calculated that the time spent in vigilance by springbok on the edges of herds is roughly double that spent by those in the centre and the open. Springbok were found to be more cautious in the late morning than at dawn or in the afternoon, and more at night than in the daytime. Rates and methods of vigilance were found to vary with the aim of lowering risk from predators.
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1314:. Springbok can meet their water needs from the food they eat, and are able to survive without drinking water through dry season. In extreme cases, they do not drink any water over the course of their lives. Springbok may accomplish this by selecting flowers, seeds, and leaves of shrubs before dawn, when the food items are most succulent. In places such as Etosha National Park, springbok seek out water bodies where they are available. Springbok gather in the wet season and disperse during the dry season, unlike other African mammals.
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586:; this antelope can live without drinking water for years, meeting its requirements through eating succulent vegetation. Breeding takes place year-round, and peaks in the rainy season, when forage is most abundant. A single calf is born after a five- to six-month-long pregnancy; weaning occurs at nearly six months of age, and the calf leaves its mother a few months later.
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Mother and calf rejoin the herd about three to four weeks after parturition; the young are weaned at five or six months. When the mother gives birth again, the previous offspring, now 6 to 12 months old, deserts her to join herds of adult springbok. Thus, a female can calve twice a year, and even thrice if one calf dies. Springbok live for up to 10 years in the wild.
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Transvaal, Karoo, and the Free State (which gave a total population estimate of nearly 2,000,000 – 2,500,000 animals in southern Africa), were in complete disagreement with East's estimate. Springbok are under active management in several private lands. Small populations have been introduced into private lands and provincial areas of
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1021:, females have thinner horns than males; the horns of females are only 60 to 70% as long as those of males. Horns have a girth of 71–83 mm (2.8–3.3 in) at the base; this thins to 56–65 mm (2.2–2.6 in) towards the tip. In the other two subspecies, horns of both sexes are nearly similar. The
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Springbok are hunted as game throughout
Namibia, Botswana, and South Africa because of their attractive coats; they are common hunting targets due to their large numbers and the ease with which they can be supported on farmlands. The export of springbok skins, mainly from Namibia and South Africa, is
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A study of vigilance behaviour of herds revealed that individuals on the borders of herds tend to be more cautious, and vigilance decreases with group size. Group size and distance from roads and bushes were found to have major influence on vigilance, more among the grazing springbok than among their
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The springbok is a slender antelope with long legs and neck. Both sexes reach 71–86 cm (28–34 in) at the shoulder with a head-and-body length typically between 120 and 150 cm (47 and 59 in). The weights for both sexes range between 27 and 42 kg (60 and 93 lb). The tail,
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by urinating and depositing large piles of dung. Males in neighbouring territories frequently fight for access to females, which they do by twisting and levering at each other with their horns, interspersed with stabbing attacks. Females roam the territories of different males. Outside of the rut,
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lasts five to six months, after which a single calf (or rarely twins) is born. Most births take place in the spring (October to
November), prior to the onset of the rainy season. The infant weighs 3.8 to 5 kg (8.4 to 11.0 lb). The female keeps her calf hidden in cover while she is away.
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is a light fawn, with thin, dark brown face stripes. The stripes on the flanks are dark brown to black, and the posterior stripes are moderately brown. The forehead patch, dark brown or fawn, extends beyond the level of the eyes and mixes with the white of the face without any clear barriers. The
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The historic range of the springbok stretched across the dry grasslands, bushlands, and shrublands of south-western and southern Africa; springbok migrated sporadically in southern parts of the range. These migrations are rarely seen nowadays, but seasonal congregations can still be observed in
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and northward to southern Angola and
Botswana. In Botswana, they mostly occur in the Kalahari desert in the southwestern and central parts of the country. They are widespread across Namibia and the vast grasslands of the Free State and the shrublands of Karoo in South Africa; however, they are
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males round up female herds that enter their territories and keep out the bachelors; mothers and juveniles may gather in nursery herds separate from harem and bachelor herds. After weaning, female juveniles stay with their mothers until the birth of their next calves, while males join bachelor
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on both sides of either jaw, rather than the three observed in gazelles. This gives a total of 28 teeth in the springbok, rather than 32 of gazelles. Other points of difference include a longer, broader, and rigid bridge to the nose and more muscular cheeks in springbok, and differences in the
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is the smallest subspecies; males are 75 cm (30 in) tall and females 72 cm (28 in) tall. Average weight of males is 31 kg (68 lb), while for females it is 27 kg (60 lb). Another study showed a strong correlation between the availability of winter dietary
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Dark stripes extend across the white face, from the corner of the eyes to the mouth. A dark patch marks the forehead. In juveniles, the stripes and the patch are light brown. The ears, narrow and pointed, measure 15–19 cm (5.9–7.5 in). Typically light brown, the springbok has a dark
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National Parks and a number of provincial reserves in South Africa. In 1999, Rod East of the IUCN SSC Antelope
Specialist Group estimated the springbok population in South Africa at more than 670,000, noting that it might be an underestimate. However, estimates for Namibia, Angola, Botswana,
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species. No major threats to the long-term survival of the species are known; the springbok, in fact, is one of the few antelope species considered to have an expanding population. They are popular game animals, and are valued for their meat and skin. The springbok is the national animal of
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is a rich chestnut brown, with thin, light face stripes. The stripe near the rump is well-marked, and that on the flanks is deep brown. The forehead is brown, fawn, or white, the patch not extending beyond the eyes and having no sharp boundaries. The nose is white or marked with brown.
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in some South
African ranches. Though born with a deep black sheen, adult black springbok are two shades of chocolate-brown and develop a white marking on the face as they mature. White springbok, as the name suggests, are predominantly white with a light tan stripe on the flanks.
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of the meat increases if the springbok is under stress or cropping is done improperly; consequently, the quality deteriorates and the colour darkens. The meat might be adversely affected if the animal is killed by shooting. The meat may be consumed raw or used in prepared dishes.
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observed that males and juveniles were in better health toward the end of the rainy season. Health of females was more affected by parasites than by rainfall; parasite count in females peaked prior to and immediately after parturition. Studies show that springbok host
1009:). This white hair is almost fully concealed by the surrounding brown hairs until the fold opens up, and this is a major feature distinguishing this antelope from gazelles. Springbok differ from gazelles in several other ways; for instance, springbok have two
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Springbok are mainly active around dawn and dusk. Activity is influenced by weather; springbok can feed at night in hot weather, and at midday in colder months. They rest in the shade of trees or bushes, and often bed down in the open when weather is cooler.
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is the largest subspecies; males are nearly 86 cm (34 in) tall, and the notably shorter females are 71 cm (28 in) tall. The males, weighing 42 kg (93 lb), are heavier than females, that weigh 35 kg (77 lb). However,
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are identified. A slender, long-legged antelope, the springbok reaches 71 to 86 cm (28 to 34 in) at the shoulder and weighs between 27 and 42 kg (60 and 93 lb). Both sexes have a pair of black, 35-to-50 cm (14-to-20 in) long
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until two years; rut lasts 5 to 21 days. When a female approaches a rutting male, the male holds his head and tail at level with the ground, lowers his horns, and makes a loud grunting noise to attract her. The male then urinates and sniffs the female's
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mixed-sex herds can range from as few as three to as many as 180 individuals, while all-male bachelor herds are of typically no more than 50 individuals. Harem and nursery herds are much smaller, typically including no more than 10 individuals.
984:. While the lateral stripe is nearly black, the stripe on the rump is dark brown. The medium brown forehead patch extends to eye level and is separated from the bright white face by a dark brown border. A brown spot is seen on the nose.
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reddish-brown band running horizontally from the upper foreleg to the edge of the buttocks, separating the dark back from the white underbelly. The tail (except the terminal black tuft), buttocks, the insides of the legs and the
857:, about 100,000 years ago. Fossils have been reported from Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene sites in northern, southern, and eastern Africa. Fossils dating back to 80 and 100 thousand years ago have been excavated at
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have a roughly 3:1 sex ratio; bachelor individuals are also observed. In the mating season, males generally form herds and wander in search of mates. Females live with their offspring in herds, that very rarely include
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14 to 28 cm (5.5 to 11.0 in) long, ends in a short, black tuft. Major differences in the size and weight of the subspecies are seen. A study tabulated average body measurements for the three subspecies.
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males stand 84 cm (33 in) tall at the shoulder, while females are 81 cm (32 in) tall. The males weigh around 31 kg (68 lb), while the females weigh 32 kg (71 lb).
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578:, in which the springbok performs multiple leaps into the air, up to 2 m (6.6 ft) above the ground, in a stiff-legged posture, with the back bowed and the white flap lifted. Primarily a
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collectively account for around two-thirds of the game meat production from
Namibian farmlands; nearly 90 tonnes (89 long tons; 99 short tons) of the springbok meat is exported as
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intervened to keep the name of the animal for the reconciliation of rugby fans, the majority of whom were whites. The springbok is featured on the reverse of the South
African
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678:("pocket"), and refers to a pocket-like skin flap which extends along the midline of the back from the tail, which distinguishes the springbok from true gazelles.
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target juveniles. Springbok are generally quiet animals, though they may make occasional low-pitched bellows as a greeting and high-pitched snorts when alarmed.
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Burger, J.; Safina, C.; Gochfeld, M. (2000). "Factors affecting vigilance in springbok: importance of vegetative cover, location in herd, and herd size".
1410:. No major threats to the long-term survival of the species are known. The springbok is one of the few antelope species with a positive population trend.
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Springbok inhabit the dry areas of south and southwestern Africa. Their range extends from northwestern South Africa through the
Kalahari desert into
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2537:"Arthropod parasites of springbok, gemsbok, kudus, giraffes and Burchell's and Hartmann's zebras in the Etosha and Hardap Nature Reserves, Namibia"
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during the rainy season, when food is more plentiful. Females are able to conceive at as early as six to seven months, whereas males do not attain
1118:, millions of migrating springbok formed herds hundreds of kilometres long that could take several days to pass a town. These mass treks, known as
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in
Afrikaans, took place during long periods of drought. Herds could efficiently retrace their paths to their territories after long migrations.
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Geographische
Geschichte des Menschen, und der Allgemein Verbreiteten Vierfüssigen Thiere: Nebst Einer Hieher Gehörigen Zoologischen Weltcharte
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2012:
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1530:; a study found that the flavour of this salami is better than mutton salami, and feels oilier than salami of beef, horse meat, or mutton.
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that curve backwards. The springbok is characterised by a white face, a dark stripe running from the eyes to the mouth, a light-brown
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Both sexes have black horns, about 35–50 cm (14–20 in) long, that are straight at the base and then curve backward. In
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Springbok often go into bouts of repeated high leaps of up to 2 m (6 ft 7 in) into the air – a practice known as
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antelopes, clocked at 88 km/h (55 mph). They generally tend to be ignored by carnivores unless they are breeding.
823:; the antelope appears to have evolved about three million years ago from a gazelle-like ancestor. Three fossil species of
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models. The meat is a prized fare, and is readily available in South African supermarkets. As of 2011, the springbok, the
2028:
Robinson, T.J. (1979). "Influence of a nutritional parameter on the size differences of the three springbok subspecies".
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have been identified, in addition to the extant form, and appear to have been widespread across Africa. Two of these,
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2413:"Synergistic effects of seasonal rainfall, parasites, and demography on fluctuations in springbok body condition"
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from 1934 to 1997. The springbok is the national animal of South Africa. Even after the decline of apartheid,
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content varies from 54.5 to 59.0 milligrams (0.841 to 0.911 gr) per 100 grams (3.5 oz) of meat. The
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marked by a reddish-brown stripe that runs from the upper fore leg to the buttocks across the flanks like the
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A 2012 study on the effects of rainfall patterns and parasite infections on the body of the springbok in
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has a brown to tawny coat, with thick, dark brown stripes on the face extending two-thirds down to the
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Child, G.; Le Riche, J.D. (1969). "Recent springbok treks (mass movements) in southwestern Botswana".
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2931:). 2: Chemical composition of springbok meat as influenced by age, gender and production region"
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Todorov, S.D.; Koep, K.S.C.; Van Reenen, C.A.; Hoffman, L.C.; Slinde, E.; Dicks, L.M.T. (2007).
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side is folded in, and covered with 15 to 20 cm (5.9 to 7.9 in) white hair erected by
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Magwedere, K.; Shilangale, R.; Mbulu, R.S.; Hemberger, Y.; Hoffman, L.C.; Dziva, F. (2013).
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The Springbok: Antidorcas marsupialis (Zimmermann, 1790). Ecology and physiology. Behaviour.
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2877:"Microbiological quality and potential public health risks of export meat from springbok (
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can be prepared by preserving the raw meat with vinegar, spices, and table salt, without
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Broadcasting the End of Apartheid: Live Television and the Birth of the New South Africa
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3077:"Some effects of shooting on losses of meat and meat quality in springbok and impala"
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Nagy, K.A.; Knight, M.H. (1994). "Energy, water, and food use by springbok antelope (
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This article is about the antelope. For the sports team named the "Springboks", see
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3031:). 1: Physical meat attributes as influenced by age, gender and production region"
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has featured a springbok since 1913, a reference to the unit's involvement in the
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2591:. Gland, Switzerland: The IUCN Species Survival Commission. pp. 263–264.
2315:(Revised ed.). White River Junction, US: Chelsea Green Pub. Co. pp.
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marks the eastern limit of the range, from where it extends westward to the
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802:– Its range lies south of the Orange River, extending from the northeastern
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1386:
1347:
gesture, and taps his leg till the female leaves or permits him to mate.
1340:
1218:
1134:
1127:
1103:
1010:
840:
820:
786:
749:
627:
575:
512:
214:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
1974:
8213:
8205:
8034:
7870:
7705:
7566:
7425:
6815:
6602:
6593:
6506:
6392:
6383:
6355:
6111:
6015:
5979:
5894:
5890:
5861:
5786:
5474:
5347:
5308:
4892:
4809:
4715:
3978:
3928:
3623:
2788:
2639:
1519:
1498:
1471:
1378:
1344:
1331:
1266:
1173:
1161:
1153:
1043:
774:
690:
659:
244:
111:
86:
3256:
2239:
Bednekoff, P.A.; Ritter, R. (1994). "Vigilance in Nxai Pan springbok,
2104:
1294:
and may switch to grazing occasionally; they feed on shrubs and young
1278:
589:
Springbok inhabit the dry areas of south and southwestern Africa. The
570:
migrated in large numbers across the countryside, a practice known as
8047:
7964:
7714:
7283:
7188:
7011:
7001:
6617:
6129:
5969:
5951:
5942:
5828:
5750:
5702:
5693:
5151:
5142:
5077:
5068:
5058:
4980:
4513:
4326:
4176:
3512:
3500:
1954:
1542:
1527:
1453:: 5 shilling, 1949 – Springbok in the center, date above, value below
1240:
757:
653:
643:
224:
204:
7898:
2631:
2003:(6th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.
610:
The common name "springbok", first recorded in 1775, comes from the
591:
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
8021:
1717:"Observations on the behaviour and feeding habits of the springbok
1526:, followed by drying. Springbok meat may also be used in preparing
1330:
Springbok mate year-round, though females are more likely to enter
515:
found mainly in south and southwest Africa. The sole member of the
7738:
7696:
7271:
6941:
6932:
6226:
6153:
6144:
6075:
5804:
5759:
5618:
5543:
5423:
5414:
4925:
4916:
4408:
4399:
3608:
3599:
3296:
1456:
1445:
1394:
preferred areas of short vegetation, such as the Kalahari desert.
1365:
1321:
1277:
1115:
1097:
1077:
1032:
998:
880:
567:
523:
2077:(2nd ed.). London: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 571–572.
1819:
Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
1110:
In earlier times, when large populations of springbok roamed the
6884:
6214:
6102:
6084:
5741:
5594:
4998:
4865:
4681:
3955:
3916:
2535:
Horak, I.G.; Anthonissen, M.; Krecek, R.C.; Boomker, J. (1992).
1860:(in German). Leipzig: In der Weygandschen Buchhandlung. p.
1674:
1651:
1243:
1157:
631:
590:
8008:
7902:
7794:
7662:
7268:
6351:
5886:
5343:
4805:
3951:
3537:
3459:
2411:
Turner, W.C.; Versfeld, W.D.; Kilian, J.W.; Getz, W.M. (2012).
1929:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 154–155.
1780:(1st ed.). New York: Britannica Educational Pub. pp.
1413:
Springbok occur in several protected areas across their range:
915:
are all white. Two other varieties – pure black and pure white
7494:
6093:
6039:
4971:
4353:
3213:"New release silver and limited mintage gold coins from APMEX"
1494:
1822:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 678.
1545:
by several South African sports teams, most famously by the
1421:
between Botswana and South Africa; Etosha National Park and
1053:
The social structure of the springbok is similar to that of
1514:
574:. A feature, peculiar but not unique, to the springbok is
2815:"Production of salami from beef, horse, mutton, Blesbok (
2311:
The Safari Companion: A Guide to Watching African Mammals
1887:"Melhodisk öfversigt af Idislande djuren, Linnés Pecora"
1650:
Cain III, J.W.; Krausman, P.R.; Germaine, H.L. (2004).
1025:, narrow and sharp, is 5.5 cm (2.2 in) long.
713:
placed the springbok as the sole living member of the
562:(mixed-sex herds). In earlier times, springbok of the
2663:"Observations on territorial behaviour of springbok,
2587:
East, R.; IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group (1999).
2383:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p.
8277:
Taxa named by Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann
8175:
7911:
7869:
7841:
7817:
7808:
7736:
7685:
7676:
7622:
7598:
7574:
7565:
7447:
7414:
7390:
7357:
7333:
7291:
7282:
7228:
7186:
7009:
7000:
6954:
6930:
6906:
6864:
6813:
6789:
6780:
6752:
6728:
6721:
6675:
6615:
6591:
6504:
6453:
6429:
6405:
6381:
6372:
6302:
6203:
6194:
6166:
6142:
6037:
5977:
5968:
5940:
5916:
5907:
5841:
5817:
5739:
5715:
5691:
5667:
5616:
5592:
5541:
5436:
5412:
5388:
5364:
5319:
5307:
5295:
5267:
5258:
5221:
5197:
5164:
5140:
5131:
5103:
5094:
5066:
5057:
5011:
4951:
4942:
4914:
4863:
4830:
4821:
4747:
4713:
4679:
4655:
4631:
4535:
4502:
4478:
4445:
4421:
4397:
4388:
4324:
4273:
4249:
4216:
4165:
4132:
4108:
3976:
3967:
3927:
3915:
3842:
3800:
3776:
3767:
3685:
3676:
3621:
3597:
3588:
3560:
3551:
1549:. Also, the winged springbok served as the logo of
781:(southwestern Africa). Its range lies north of the
3124:
2308:
1996:
1773:
976:The three subspecies also differ in their colour.
2113:. Vol. 10. Transvaal Museum. pp. 1–50.
662:" – identifying the animal as not a gazelle. The
3075:von La Chevallerie, M.; van Zyl, J.H.M. (1971).
2975:Hoffman, L.C.; Kroucamp, M.; Manley, M. (2007).
2925:Hoffman, L.C.; Kroucamp, M.; Manley, M. (2007).
2477:"Helminth and arthropod parasites of springbok,
2475:Horak, I.G.; Meltzer, D.G.A.; Vos, V.D. (1982).
1509:, accounting for 24–27% of the fatty acids. The
3025:Hoffman, LC.; Kroucamp, M.; Manley, M. (2007).
1130:, though on a much smaller scale than earlier.
839:, became extinct around 7,000 years ago (early
709:) to the springbok. In 1845, Swedish zoologist
621:
615:
558:Active mainly at dawn and dusk, springbok form
3131:. Minnesota: ABDO Publishing Company. p.
2147:
2145:
2110:(Zimmerman 1780) (Transvaal Museum Monographs)
2098:
2096:
2094:
1959:(Sundevall) at Swartkrans (Mammalia: Bovidae)"
1891:Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar
3471:
2481:, in the Transvaal and western Cape Province"
2406:
2404:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
8:
3027:"Meat quality characteristics of springbok (
2977:"Meat quality characteristics of springbok (
2927:"Meat Quality Characteristics of Springbok (
2667:, in the Bontebok National Park, Swellendam"
2544:Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
2488:Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research
2379:The Karoo: Ecological Patterns and Processes
2375:Richard, W.; Milton, S.J.; Dean, J. (1999).
2784:"Quarter of antelopes under threat: report"
2735:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008).
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1588:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016).
673:
7899:
7814:
7805:
7791:
7682:
7673:
7659:
7571:
7288:
7279:
7265:
7006:
6786:
6725:
6378:
6369:
6348:
6200:
5974:
5913:
5904:
5883:
5361:
5340:
5264:
5137:
5100:
5063:
4948:
4827:
4818:
4802:
4394:
3973:
3964:
3948:
3773:
3682:
3594:
3557:
3548:
3534:
3478:
3464:
3456:
2808:
2806:
2718:" Transvaal Museum Monographs 10.1 (1996).
2075:The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
1767:
1765:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
362:
156:
129:
42:
2684:
2444:
2171:
1738:
1673:
1466:a booming industry; these skins serve as
2299:
2297:
1913:
1911:
1390:confined to the Namib Desert in Angola.
849:, probably gave rise to the extant form
3442:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
3084:South African Journal of Animal Science
2730:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2154:"Observations of springbok populations"
1580:
1539:white minority rule in the 20th century
934:
389:
1184:are major predators of the springbok.
699:Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann
532:Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann
32:South Africa national rugby union team
27:Antelope of southwest and south Africa
1402:The springbok has been classified as
7:
8257:Extant Pleistocene first appearances
8219:35E9C08A-DD62-40DE-A491-3145B6E1C3D9
2823:) with bacteriocinogenic strains of
1489:of the springbok comprises 1.1–1.3%
1351:consists of a single pelvic thrust.
819:Fossil springbok are known from the
582:, the springbok feeds on shrubs and
8242:IUCN Red List least concern species
3191:. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 68.
2746:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1599:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1415:Makgadikgadi and Nxai National Park
3221:. 13 December 2019. Archived from
2103:Skinner, J.D.; Louw, G.N. (1996).
1541:. It was adopted as a nickname or
1126:is still observed occasionally in
1082:Springbok locking horns in a fight
887:juvenile (left); sub-adult (right)
25:
1461:Postage stamp, South Africa, 1923
1270:species mainly affect juveniles.
997:The skin along the middle of the
8272:National symbols of South Africa
3418:
3406:
3352:The New Student's Reference Work
3336:
3324:
3309:
3295:
3281:
3108:
3060:
3010:
2960:
2910:
2860:
2700:
2561:
2520:
2460:
2437:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2011.01892.x
2187:
2134:
2031:South African Journal of Zoology
1980:
1900:
1867:
1754:
1689:
961:
949:
937:
701:in 1780, who assigned the genus
181:
8252:Antelopes of Sub-Saharan Africa
3830:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1535:national symbol of South Africa
1326:A mother suckling her offspring
4619:Central American red brocket (
3382:New International Encyclopedia
2686:10.1080/00445096.1978.11447611
2589:African Antelope Database 1998
2173:10.1080/00445096.1970.11447381
2044:10.1080/02541858.1979.11447642
1963:Annals of the Transvaal Museum
1740:10.1080/00445096.1972.11447448
1308:. They prefer grasses such as
593:classifies the springbok as a
1:
3423:The dictionary definition of
3047:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.017
2997:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.019
2947:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.02.018
2897:10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.08.007
2847:10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.04.007
1999:Walker's Mammals of the World
1497:, 72–75% moisture and 18–22%
989:nose may have a pale smudge.
929:The three springbok varieties
5326:Large subfamily listed below
5314:Large subfamily listed below
5302:Large subfamily listed below
3090:(1): 113–116. Archived from
1419:Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
1137:(derived from the Afrikaans
793:through Botswana to Namibia.
654:
644:
3821:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
3812:Indian spotted chevrotain (
3253:The Royal Canadian Dragoons
2817:Damaliscus dorcas phillipsi
2616:) in the Kalahari Desert".
1566:The Royal Canadian Dragoons
907:protein and the body mass.
8293:
8267:Mammals of Southern Africa
2782:Doyle, A. (3 March 2009).
2354:10.1515/mamm.1969.33.3.499
36:Springbok (disambiguation)
29:
8262:Mammals described in 1780
7804:
7790:
7757:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
7748:Domestic Bactrian camel (
7672:
7658:
7312:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7278:
7264:
6368:
6347:
5903:
5882:
5360:
5339:
4817:
4801:
4601:Amazonian brown brocket (
3963:
3947:
3934:Large family listed below
3922:Large family listed below
3899:Williamson's mouse-deer (
3547:
3533:
3495:
2417:Journal of Animal Ecology
1547:national rugby union team
1533:The springbok has been a
1480:mechanically deboned meat
1186:Southern African wildcats
885:Horn development in males
382:
375:
370:
361:
327:
322:
303:
296:
178:Scientific classification
176:
154:
145:
137:
128:
45:
5998:Domestic water buffalo (
4363:Central Asian red deer (
3988:Bornean yellow muntjac (
1442:Relationship with humans
1398:Threats and conservation
1362:Distribution and habitat
1290:Springbok are primarily
1014:structure of the horns.
697:by the German zoologist
530:by the German zoologist
6876:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6663:Soemmerring's gazelle (
4768:Yucatan brown brocket (
3997:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
3881:Philippine mouse-deer (
3397:The American Cyclopædia
3367:Encyclopædia Britannica
2825:Lactobacillus plantarum
2259:10.1163/156853994X00325
1772:Rafferty, J.P. (2011).
1487:latissimus dorsi muscle
371:Range map of springbok
7970:antidorcas-marsupialis
7943:Antidorcas marsupialis
7913:Antidorcas marsupialis
7586:White-lipped peccary (
7522:Philippine warty pig (
7147:Yellow-backed duiker (
7111:Black-fronted duiker (
7084:White-bellied duiker (
6705:Przewalski's gazelle (
5928:Four-horned antelope (
4726:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4285:Visayan spotted deer (
4144:European fallow deer (
4087:Northern red muntjac (
4033:Southern red muntjac (
3436:Antidorcas marsupialis
3413:Antidorcas marsupialis
3370:(11th ed.). 1911.
3331:Antidorcas marsupialis
3029:Antidorcas marsupialis
2979:Antidorcas marsupialis
2929:Antidorcas marsupialis
2879:Antidorcas marsupialis
2829:Lactobacillus curvatus
2821:Antidorcas marsupialis
2739:Antidorcas marsupialis
2665:Antidorcas marsupialis
2661:David, J.H.M. (1978).
2614:Antidorcas marsupialis
2479:Antidorcas marsupialis
2272:Haresnape, G. (1974).
2241:Antidorcas marsupialis
2152:Bigalke, R.C. (1970).
2108:Antidorcas marsupialis
1852:von Zimmermann, E.A.W.
1816:; Reeder, D.M (eds.).
1719:Antidorcas marsupialis
1715:Bigalke, R.C. (1972).
1654:Antidorcas marsupialis
1592:Antidorcas marsupialis
1462:
1454:
1374:
1327:
1287:
1107:
1083:
1046:
888:
843:). The third species,
806:to the Free State and
736:Antidorcas marsupialis
686:The springbok, in the
682:Taxonomy and evolution
674:
640:Antidorcas marsupialis
622:
616:
508:Antidorcas marsupialis
307:Antidorcas marsupialis
34:. For other uses, see
8160:Paleobiology Database
7766:Wild Bactrian camel (
7468:Bornean bearded pig (
7459:Palawan bearded pig (
7048:White-legged duiker (
6474:Red-fronted gazelle (
4153:Persian fallow deer (
4069:Roosevelt's muntjac (
3742:Himalayan musk deer (
3651:Reticulated giraffe (
3341:Texts on Wikisource:
3123:Ritter, C.R. (2012).
2218:10.1007/s102119900013
1551:South African Airways
1482:to overseas markets.
1460:
1449:
1369:
1325:
1304:species) before they
1281:
1101:
1081:
1057:. Mixed-sex herds or
1036:
1029:Ecology and behaviour
1003:arrector pili muscles
921:artificially selected
884:
863:Western Cape Province
8177:Antilope marsupialis
7853:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7513:Oliver's warty pig (
7138:Red-flanked duiker (
6543:Erlanger's gazelle (
6263:Harnessed bushbuck (
5989:Wild water buffalo (
5466:East Caucasian tur (
5457:West Caucasian tur (
4610:Little red brocket (
4078:Truong Son muntjac (
3890:Vietnam mouse-deer (
3872:Greater mouse-deer (
3751:Siberian musk deer (
3333:at Wikimedia Commons
3188:Gold: A World Survey
3156:Evans, M.J. (2014).
2619:Journal of Mammalogy
1995:Nowak, R.M. (1999).
1810:"Order Artiodactyla"
1606:: e.T1676A115056763.
1214:Etosha National Park
1190:black-backed jackals
1040:Etosha National Park
968:Pure white springbok
956:Pure black springbok
865:, South Africa) and
711:Carl Jakob Sundevall
652:for "opposite", and
638:of the springbok is
140:Etosha National Park
18:Springbok (antelope)
7486:Celebes warty pig (
7477:Visayan warty pig (
7093:Red forest duiker (
6825:Günther's dik-dik (
6687:Mongolian gazelle (
6492:Heuglin's gazelle (
6483:Thomson's gazelle (
5637:Long-tailed goral (
5032:Mountain reedbuck (
5023:Southern reedbuck (
4875:East African oryx (
4777:White-tailed deer (
4556:Small red brocket (
4523:South Andean deer (
4466:Siberian roe deer (
4457:European roe deer (
4294:Philippine sambar (
4261:Père David's deer (
3863:Lesser mouse-deer (
3724:Kashmir musk deer (
3185:Weston, R. (1983).
2429:2012JAnEc..81...58T
1423:Namib-Naukluft Park
1148:Springbok are very
289:A. marsupialis
148:Conservation status
7634:Collared peccary (
7504:Flores warty pig (
7345:Giant forest hog (
7207:Maxwell's duiker (
7129:Ruwenzori duiker (
7075:Jentink's duiker (
6984:Sharpe's grysbok (
6740:Tibetan antelope (
6645:Bright's gazelle (
6579:Goitered gazelle (
6552:Mountain gazelle (
6525:Cuvier's gazelle (
6465:Mongalla gazelle (
5853:Pyrenean chamois (
5279:Tibetan antelope (
5233:Black wildebeest (
4060:Reeves's muntjac (
4024:Sumatran muntjac (
4015:Gongshan muntjac (
3788:Water chevrotain (
3715:Alpine musk deer (
3642:Southern giraffe (
3633:Northern giraffe (
3225:on 26 October 2021
2767:}}: old-form url (
2672:Zoologica Africana
2159:Zoologica Africana
1893:. 3 (in Swedish).
1726:Zoologica Africana
1463:
1455:
1381:and Botswana. The
1375:
1370:Springboks on the
1328:
1288:
1282:Springbok feed on
1108:
1084:
1047:
1037:A herd on the road
889:
800:(Zimmermann, 1780)
785:, stretching from
472:Cerophorus euchore
415:(Zimmermann, 1780)
392:Antidorcas euchore
354:(Zimmermann, 1780)
52:Pleistocene–Recent
8229:
8228:
8147:Open Tree of Life
7905:Taxon identifiers
7896:
7895:
7892:
7891:
7888:
7887:
7865:
7864:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7610:Chacoan peccary (
7561:
7560:
7549:Javan warty pig (
7540:Timor warty pig (
7347:H. meinertzhageni
7321:Togian babirusa (
7260:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7252:
7251:
7216:Walter's duiker (
7156:Abbott's duiker (
7120:Ogilby's duiker (
7066:Harvey's duiker (
7030:Brooke's duiker (
6996:
6995:
6776:
6775:
6717:
6716:
6654:Peter's gazelle (
6636:Grant's gazelle (
6570:Speke's gazelle (
6343:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6220:
6190:
6189:
6178:African buffalo (
6009:B. depressicornis
5964:
5963:
5878:
5877:
5874:
5873:
5646:Himalayan goral (
5468:C. cylindricornis
5335:
5334:
5331:
5330:
5291:
5290:
5254:
5253:
5242:Blue wildebeest (
5176:Common tsessebe (
5127:
5126:
5090:
5089:
5053:
5052:
4965:K. ellipsiprymnus
4938:
4937:
4797:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4789:
4788:
4737:P. mephistophiles
4693:P. mephistophiles
4384:
4383:
4080:M. truongsonensis
4042:Pu Hoat muntjac (
3943:
3942:
3939:
3938:
3911:
3910:
3854:Java mouse-deer (
3763:
3762:
3733:Black musk deer (
3706:Dwarf musk deer (
3697:Anhui musk deer (
3672:
3671:
3635:G. camelopardalis
3584:
3583:
3329:Media related to
3259:on 5 October 2021
3198:978-0-203-09758-8
3171:978-0-85773-583-6
3142:978-1-61783-118-8
2819:) and Springbok (
2598:978-2-8317-0477-7
2394:978-0-521-12687-8
2326:978-0-907990-16-1
2287:978-0-360-00232-6
2274:The Great Hunters
2128:978-0-907990-16-1
2084:978-1-4729-1236-7
2014:978-0-8018-5789-8
1936:978-1-4214-0093-8
1927:Ungulate Taxonomy
1829:978-0-8018-8221-0
1791:978-1-61530-465-3
1661:Mammalian Species
1564:The cap badge of
1284:succulent grasses
1194:Verreaux's Eagles
1055:Thomson's gazelle
1019:A. m. marsupialis
1005:(located between
991:A. m. marsupialis
944:Typical springbok
904:A. m. marsupialis
873:), respectively.
804:Cape of Good Hope
801:
797:A. m. marsupialis
779:Great Namaqualand
772:
747:
549:Thomson's gazelle
495:
494:
460:Cemas marsupialis
395:(Sundevall, 1847)
351:A. m. marsupialis
171:
16:(Redirected from
8284:
8222:
8221:
8209:
8208:
8196:
8195:
8194:
8168:
8167:
8155:
8154:
8142:
8141:
8129:
8128:
8116:
8115:
8103:
8102:
8090:
8089:
8077:
8076:
8064:
8063:
8051:
8050:
8038:
8037:
8025:
8024:
8012:
8011:
7999:
7998:
7986:
7985:
7973:
7972:
7960:
7959:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7900:
7815:
7806:
7792:
7683:
7674:
7660:
7572:
7378:Common warthog (
7369:Desert warthog (
7289:
7280:
7266:
7165:Weyns's duiker (
7039:Peters' duiker (
7021:Aders's duiker (
7007:
6894:Royal antelope (
6852:Salt's dik-dik (
6843:Silver dik-dik (
6834:Kirk's dik-dik (
6787:
6764:Saiga antelope (
6726:
6665:N. soemmerringii
6534:Dorcas gazelle (
6379:
6370:
6363:
6349:
6236:Mountain nyala (
6219:
6218:
6210:
6201:
6156:P. nghetinhensis
6058:European bison (
6049:American bison (
5975:
5914:
5905:
5898:
5884:
5760:Domestic sheep (
5604:Himalayan tahr (
5571:Mainland serow (
5553:Japanese serow (
5362:
5355:
5341:
5265:
5138:
5101:
5064:
5041:Bohor reedbuck (
4949:
4928:A. nasomaculatus
4851:Sable antelope (
4828:
4819:
4812:
4803:
4565:Merida brocket (
4395:
4336:Thorold's deer (
4188:A. calamianensis
4071:M. rooseveltorum
4017:M. gongshanensis
3974:
3965:
3958:
3949:
3774:
3683:
3662:G. tippelskirchi
3595:
3558:
3549:
3535:
3480:
3473:
3466:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3422:
3411:Data related to
3410:
3401:
3386:
3371:
3356:
3340:
3328:
3319:
3314:
3313:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3291:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3269:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3255:. Archived from
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3182:
3176:
3175:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3130:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3112:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3097:on 6 August 2016
3096:
3081:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3064:
3058:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3008:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2958:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2908:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2858:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2732:
2719:
2714:Skinner, G. N. "
2712:
2706:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2688:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2584:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2541:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2502:. Archived from
2485:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2464:
2458:
2448:
2408:
2399:
2398:
2382:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2314:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2278:Purnell and Sons
2269:
2263:
2262:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2175:
2149:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2100:
2089:
2088:
2067:
2048:
2047:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1984:
1978:
1955:"Two species of
1947:
1941:
1940:
1915:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1898:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1848:
1842:
1841:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1779:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1752:
1742:
1712:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1677:
1647:
1608:
1607:
1585:
1311:Themeda triandra
1252:species), lice (
1236:Trichostrongylus
978:A. m. angolensis
965:
953:
941:
894:A. m. angolensis
859:Herolds Bay Cave
799:
766:
745:
743:A. m. angolensis
738:are recognised:
677:
664:specific epithet
657:
647:
625:
619:
488:
484:Gazella sautante
480:
468:
456:
444:
436:
428:
416:
408:
400:Antilope dorsata
396:
366:
355:
347:
335:
331:A. m. angolensis
309:
186:
185:
165:
160:
159:
133:
123:
53:
49:Temporal range:
43:
21:
8292:
8291:
8287:
8286:
8285:
8283:
8282:
8281:
8232:
8231:
8230:
8225:
8217:
8212:
8204:
8199:
8190:
8189:
8184:
8171:
8163:
8158:
8150:
8145:
8137:
8134:Observation.org
8132:
8124:
8119:
8111:
8106:
8098:
8093:
8085:
8080:
8072:
8067:
8059:
8054:
8046:
8041:
8033:
8028:
8020:
8015:
8007:
8002:
7994:
7989:
7981:
7976:
7968:
7963:
7955:
7950:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7926:
7925:
7920:
7907:
7897:
7884:
7861:
7837:
7800:
7774:
7732:
7668:
7642:
7618:
7594:
7557:
7524:S. philippensis
7461:S. ahoenobarbus
7443:
7435:Red river hog (
7410:
7386:
7353:
7329:
7303:Buru babirusa (
7274:
7248:
7240:Common duiker (
7224:
7182:
6992:
6950:
6926:
6902:
6860:
6809:
6772:
6748:
6713:
6698:P. picticaudata
6671:
6611:
6587:
6581:G. subgutturosa
6500:
6449:
6425:
6401:
6364:
6353:
6331:
6298:
6290:Cape bushbuck (
6283:T. strepsiceros
6212:
6211:
6209:
6186:
6162:
6138:
6033:
6025:Mountain anoa (
5960:
5954:B. tragocamelus
5936:
5930:T. quadricornis
5899:
5888:
5870:
5837:
5813:
5769:Bighorn sheep (
5735:
5711:
5687:
5679:Mountain goat (
5663:
5655:Chinese goral (
5612:
5588:
5573:C. sumatraensis
5537:
5520:Siberian ibex (
5484:Domestic goat (
5432:
5408:
5384:
5376:Barbary sheep (
5356:
5345:
5327:
5315:
5303:
5287:
5250:
5217:
5193:
5160:
5123:
5086:
5049:
5007:
4934:
4910:
4884:Scimitar oryx (
4859:
4842:Roan antelope (
4813:
4807:
4785:
4743:
4735:Northern pudu (
4709:
4701:Southern pudu (
4691:Northern pudu (
4675:
4651:
4627:
4592:Pygmy brocket (
4574:Dwarf brocket (
4531:
4498:
4474:
4441:
4417:
4380:
4320:
4269:
4245:
4212:
4186:Calamian deer (
4161:
4155:D. mesopotamica
4128:
4104:
4098:M. vuquangensis
4096:Giant muntjac (
4006:Fea's muntjac (
3959:
3953:
3935:
3923:
3907:
3838:
3796:
3759:
3717:M. chrysogaster
3668:
3660:Masai giraffe (
3617:
3580:
3543:
3529:
3491:
3484:
3446:
3444:
3432:
3389:
3374:
3359:
3344:
3315:
3308:
3301:
3294:
3287:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3272:
3262:
3260:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3228:
3226:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3199:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3164:. p. 206.
3155:
3154:
3150:
3143:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3069:
3059:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3009:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2924:
2923:
2919:
2909:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2812:
2811:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2762:
2755:
2753:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2632:10.2307/1382468
2611:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2586:
2585:
2570:
2560:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2483:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2410:
2409:
2402:
2395:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2339:
2338:
2334:
2327:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2205:Acta Ethologica
2201:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2151:
2150:
2143:
2133:
2129:
2102:
2101:
2092:
2085:
2069:
2068:
2051:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2015:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1969:(15): 287–351.
1949:
1948:
1944:
1937:
1917:
1916:
1909:
1899:
1883:Sundevall, C.J.
1881:
1880:
1876:
1866:
1850:
1849:
1845:
1830:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1753:
1714:
1713:
1698:
1688:
1649:
1648:
1611:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1570:Second Boer War
1444:
1400:
1364:
1336:sexual maturity
1320:
1276:
1230:Longistrongylus
1210:
1112:Kalahari desert
1038:
1031:
974:
973:
972:
969:
966:
957:
954:
945:
942:
931:
930:
886:
879:
817:
728:
684:
669:comes from the
636:scientific name
608:
564:Kalahari desert
534:in 1780. Three
491:
486:
474:
462:
450:
442:
434:
422:
414:
402:
394:
388:
387:
353:
341:
333:
318:
311:
305:
292:
180:
172:
161:
157:
150:
124:
122:
121:
120:
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8290:
8288:
8280:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8244:
8234:
8233:
8227:
8226:
8224:
8223:
8210:
8197:
8181:
8179:
8173:
8172:
8170:
8169:
8156:
8143:
8130:
8117:
8104:
8091:
8078:
8065:
8052:
8039:
8026:
8013:
8000:
7987:
7974:
7961:
7948:
7933:
7917:
7915:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7894:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7886:
7885:
7883:
7882:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7863:
7862:
7860:
7859:
7855:C. liberiensis
7849:
7847:
7839:
7838:
7836:
7835:
7829:Hippopotamus (
7825:
7823:
7812:
7810:Hippopotamidae
7802:
7801:
7795:
7788:
7787:
7784:
7783:
7780:
7779:
7776:
7775:
7773:
7772:
7763:
7759:C. dromedarius
7754:
7744:
7742:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7721:
7712:
7703:
7693:
7691:
7680:
7670:
7669:
7663:
7656:
7655:
7652:
7651:
7648:
7647:
7644:
7643:
7641:
7640:
7630:
7628:
7620:
7619:
7617:
7616:
7606:
7604:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7582:
7580:
7569:
7563:
7562:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7546:
7542:S. timoriensis
7537:
7528:
7519:
7510:
7501:
7495:Domestic pig (
7492:
7483:
7474:
7465:
7455:
7453:
7445:
7444:
7442:
7441:
7432:
7422:
7420:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7398:
7396:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7375:
7371:P. aethiopicus
7365:
7363:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7341:
7339:
7331:
7330:
7328:
7327:
7323:B. togeanensis
7318:
7309:
7299:
7297:
7286:
7276:
7275:
7269:
7262:
7261:
7258:
7257:
7254:
7253:
7250:
7249:
7247:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7226:
7225:
7223:
7222:
7213:
7204:
7194:
7192:
7184:
7183:
7181:
7180:
7174:Zebra duiker (
7171:
7162:
7153:
7149:C. silvicultor
7144:
7135:
7126:
7117:
7108:
7102:Black duiker (
7099:
7090:
7086:C. leucogaster
7081:
7072:
7063:
7054:
7045:
7036:
7027:
7017:
7015:
7004:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6981:
6975:Cape grysbok (
6972:
6962:
6960:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6938:
6936:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6924:
6918:Klipspringer (
6914:
6912:
6904:
6903:
6901:
6900:
6891:
6882:
6872:
6870:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6858:
6849:
6845:M. piacentinii
6840:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6797:
6795:
6784:
6778:
6777:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6760:
6758:
6750:
6749:
6747:
6746:
6736:
6734:
6723:
6719:
6718:
6715:
6714:
6712:
6711:
6707:P. przewalskii
6702:
6693:
6683:
6681:
6673:
6672:
6670:
6669:
6660:
6651:
6642:
6633:
6627:Dama gazelle (
6623:
6621:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6609:
6599:
6597:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6576:
6567:
6561:Rhim gazelle (
6558:
6549:
6540:
6531:
6522:
6512:
6510:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6498:
6489:
6480:
6471:
6461:
6459:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6437:
6435:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6423:
6419:A. marsupialis
6413:
6411:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6399:
6389:
6387:
6376:
6366:
6365:
6352:
6345:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6337:
6336:
6333:
6332:
6330:
6329:
6323:Common eland (
6320:
6310:
6308:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6287:
6281:Greater kudu (
6278:
6269:
6260:
6251:
6242:
6233:
6223:
6221:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6188:
6187:
6185:
6184:
6174:
6172:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6150:
6148:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6127:
6118:
6109:
6100:
6094:Domestic yak (
6091:
6082:
6073:
6064:
6055:
6045:
6043:
6035:
6034:
6032:
6031:
6022:
6018:B. mindorensis
6013:
6007:Lowland anoa (
6004:
5995:
5985:
5983:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5948:
5946:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5924:
5922:
5911:
5901:
5900:
5887:
5880:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5859:
5849:
5847:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5835:
5825:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5811:
5802:
5793:
5784:
5775:
5766:
5757:
5747:
5745:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5733:
5727:Nilgiri tahr (
5723:
5721:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5709:
5699:
5697:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5685:
5675:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5662:
5661:
5652:
5643:
5634:
5624:
5622:
5614:
5613:
5611:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5580:Taiwan serow (
5577:
5568:
5559:
5549:
5547:
5539:
5538:
5536:
5535:
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5511:Iberian ibex (
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4585:M. gouazoubira
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4338:C. albirostris
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4122:E. cephalophus
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4051:Leaf muntjac (
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4044:M. puhoatensis
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3901:T. williamsoni
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3753:M. moschiferus
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3708:M. berezovskii
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3525:Laurasiatheria
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3415:at Wikispecies
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3317:Animals portal
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3303:Mammals portal
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3275:External links
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764:A. m. hofmeyri
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7750:C. bactrianus
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7497:S. domesticus
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7488:S. celebensis
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6314:Giant eland (
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6295:
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6292:T. sylvaticus
6288:
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6254:Lesser kudu (
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6099:
6097:
6092:
6090:
6088:
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6069:B. domesticus
6067:Bali cattle (
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5987:
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5881:
5867:
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5794:
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5790:
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5771:O. canadensis
5767:
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5754:
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5738:
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5718:Nilgiritragus
5714:
5708:
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5698:
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5684:
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5681:O. americanus
5677:
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5660:
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5635:
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5631:
5626:
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5623:
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5615:
5609:
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5606:H. jemlahicus
5602:
5601:
5599:
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5591:
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5534:
5532:
5527:
5525:
5523:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5509:
5507:
5505:
5502:Nubian ibex (
5500:
5498:
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5493:Alpine ibex (
5491:
5489:
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5480:
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5462:
5460:
5455:
5453:
5451:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5441:
5440:
5435:
5429:
5427:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5416:
5411:
5405:
5403:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5368:
5363:
5359:
5353:
5349:
5342:
5338:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5312:
5310:
5306:
5300:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5260:Pantholopinae
5257:
5247:
5245:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5212:
5211:A. buselaphus
5207:
5206:
5204:
5202:
5201:
5196:
5190:
5188:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5130:
5120:
5118:
5115:Grey rhebok (
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5076:
5075:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5062:
5060:
5059:Aepycerotinae
5056:
5046:
5044:
5039:
5037:
5035:
5030:
5028:
5026:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5004:
5002:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4990:Nile lechwe (
4988:
4986:
4984:
4979:
4977:
4975:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4961:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4862:
4856:
4854:
4849:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4823:Hippotraginae
4820:
4816:
4811:
4804:
4800:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4751:
4746:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4706:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4670:
4669:B. dichotomus
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4643:Pampas deer (
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4603:M. nemorivaga
4599:
4597:
4595:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4581:
4579:
4577:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4547:Red brocket (
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4516:H. antisensis
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4482:
4477:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4414:
4412:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4401:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4387:
4377:
4375:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4356:C. canadensis
4352:
4350:
4348:
4343:
4341:
4339:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4305:R. timorensis
4301:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4264:
4263:E. davidianus
4259:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4230:R. duvaucelii
4226:
4225:
4223:
4221:
4220:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4195:Bawean deer (
4193:
4191:
4189:
4184:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4158:
4156:
4151:
4149:
4147:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4125:
4123:
4120:Tufted deer (
4118:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4053:M. putaoensis
4049:
4047:
4045:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3999:M. crinifrons
3995:
3993:
3991:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3962:
3957:
3950:
3946:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3920:
3918:
3914:
3904:
3902:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3892:T. versicolor
3888:
3886:
3884:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3861:
3859:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3833:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3819:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3799:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3736:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3699:M. anhuiensis
3695:
3694:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3675:
3665:
3663:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3653:G. reticulata
3649:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3577:
3575:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3546:
3542:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3514:
3510:
3508:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3494:
3489:
3481:
3476:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3462:
3461:
3458:
3443:
3439:
3437:
3431:
3429:at Wiktionary
3428:
3427:
3421:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3312:
3307:
3304:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3289:Africa portal
3279:
3274:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3152:
3149:
3144:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3128:
3119:
3116:
3111:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3078:
3071:
3068:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3032:
3030:
3021:
3018:
3013:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2918:
2913:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2881:) in Namibia"
2880:
2871:
2868:
2863:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2791:
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2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2711:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2695:10499/AJ24053
2692:
2687:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2608:
2605:
2600:
2594:
2590:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2564:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2531:
2528:
2523:
2509:on 5 May 2016
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2480:
2471:
2468:
2463:
2456:
2452:
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2407:
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2371:
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2328:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2294:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2235:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2212:(2): 97–104.
2211:
2207:
2206:
2198:
2195:
2190:
2183:
2182:10499/AJ19336
2179:
2174:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2119:10499/AJ10123
2116:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2097:
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2086:
2080:
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2037:
2033:
2032:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1991:
1988:
1983:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1928:
1924:
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1914:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1896:
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1884:
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1859:
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1801:
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1787:
1783:
1778:
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1768:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1749:10499/AJ19390
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
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1722:
1720:
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1536:
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1525:
1521:
1516:
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1508:
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1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1452:
1448:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1436:KwaZulu-Natal
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1408:IUCN Red List
1405:
1404:least concern
1397:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1350:
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1337:
1333:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1249:Rhipicephalus
1245:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
995:
992:
987:
983:
979:
964:
959:
952:
947:
940:
935:
925:
922:
918:
914:
908:
905:
900:
895:
883:
876:
874:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
842:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
822:
814:
809:
805:
798:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
770:
765:
762:
759:
755:
751:
744:
741:
740:
739:
737:
733:
725:
723:
721:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
693:, was first
692:
689:
681:
679:
676:
672:
668:
665:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
624:
620:("jump") and
618:
613:
605:
603:
601:
596:
595:least concern
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
518:
514:
510:
509:
504:
500:
485:
482:
478:
477:de Blainville
473:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
449:
446:
441:
438:
433:
430:
426:
421:
418:
413:
410:
406:
401:
398:
393:
390:
381:
378:
374:
369:
365:
360:
352:
349:
345:
340:
337:
332:
329:
328:
326:
321:
316:
310:
308:
302:
299:
298:Binomial name
295:
291:
290:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
273:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
253:
250:
249:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
199:
196:
193:
190:
189:
184:
179:
175:
169:
164:
163:Least Concern
153:
149:
144:
141:
136:
132:
127:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
8176:
7912:
7854:
7842:
7831:H. amphibius
7830:
7820:Hippopotamus
7818:
7798:Whippomorpha
7767:
7758:
7749:
7737:
7725:
7716:
7707:
7698:
7686:
7635:
7623:
7611:
7599:
7587:
7575:
7550:
7541:
7532:
7523:
7514:
7505:
7496:
7487:
7479:S. cebifrons
7478:
7469:
7460:
7448:
7436:
7427:
7415:
7403:
7391:
7380:P. africanus
7379:
7370:
7360:Phacochoerus
7358:
7346:
7334:
7322:
7313:
7305:B. babyrussa
7304:
7292:
7241:
7229:
7217:
7209:P. maxwellii
7208:
7200:P. monticola
7199:
7187:
7175:
7166:
7157:
7148:
7140:C. rufilatus
7139:
7130:
7121:
7112:
7103:
7094:
7085:
7076:
7067:
7058:
7057:Bay duiker (
7050:C. crusalbum
7049:
7040:
7031:
7022:
7010:
7002:Cephalophini
6985:
6977:R. melanotis
6976:
6967:
6955:
6943:
6931:
6919:
6907:
6895:
6887:N. moschatus
6886:
6877:
6865:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6827:M. guentheri
6826:
6814:
6803:D. megalotis
6802:
6790:
6765:
6753:
6742:P. hodgsonii
6741:
6729:
6706:
6697:
6689:P. gutturosa
6688:
6676:
6664:
6655:
6646:
6637:
6628:
6616:
6604:
6592:
6580:
6571:
6562:
6553:
6545:G. erlangeri
6544:
6535:
6526:
6518:G. bennettii
6517:
6505:
6493:
6485:E. thomsonii
6484:
6476:E. rufifrons
6475:
6466:
6454:
6442:
6430:
6418:
6416:
6407:
6406:
6394:
6382:
6324:
6316:T. derbianus
6315:
6303:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6247:T. eurycerus
6246:
6237:
6228:
6204:
6196:Tragelaphini
6179:
6167:
6155:
6143:
6131:
6122:
6114:B. javanicus
6113:
6104:
6096:B. grunniens
6095:
6086:
6078:B. frontalis
6077:
6068:
6059:
6050:
6038:
6026:
6017:
6008:
5999:
5990:
5978:
5953:
5941:
5929:
5917:
5864:R. rupicapra
5863:
5855:R. pyrenaica
5854:
5842:
5830:
5818:
5806:
5797:
5796:Snow sheep (
5788:
5779:
5778:Dall sheep (
5770:
5761:
5752:
5740:
5729:N. hylocrius
5728:
5716:
5705:O. moschatus
5704:
5692:
5680:
5668:
5656:
5647:
5638:
5629:
5617:
5605:
5593:
5581:
5572:
5563:
5554:
5542:
5530:
5529:Walia ibex (
5521:
5513:C. pyrenaica
5512:
5503:
5494:
5485:
5477:C. falconeri
5476:
5467:
5458:
5449:
5437:
5426:B. taxicolor
5425:
5413:
5401:
5389:
5377:
5365:
5281:P. hodgsonii
5280:
5268:
5243:
5234:
5224:Connochaetes
5222:
5210:
5209:Hartebeest (
5198:
5186:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5133:Alcelaphinae
5117:P. capreolus
5116:
5104:
5079:
5067:
5042:
5033:
5025:R. arundinum
5024:
5012:
5000:
4992:K. megaceros
4991:
4982:
4973:
4964:
4952:
4927:
4915:
4903:
4894:
4885:
4876:
4864:
4852:
4843:
4831:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4748:
4736:
4727:
4714:
4702:
4692:
4680:
4668:
4667:Marsh deer (
4656:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4611:
4602:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4566:
4557:
4549:M. americana
4548:
4536:
4524:
4515:
4505:Hippocamelus
4503:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4459:C. capreolus
4458:
4446:
4434:
4433:Water deer (
4422:
4410:
4398:
4373:
4364:
4355:
4346:
4337:
4325:
4313:
4304:
4296:R. mariannus
4295:
4286:
4274:
4262:
4250:
4238:
4237:Eld's deer (
4229:
4228:Barasingha (
4217:
4205:
4196:
4187:
4178:
4166:
4154:
4145:
4133:
4121:
4109:
4097:
4089:M. vaginalis
4088:
4079:
4070:
4061:
4052:
4043:
4034:
4025:
4016:
4007:
3998:
3990:M. atherodes
3989:
3977:
3900:
3891:
3883:T. nigricans
3882:
3873:
3864:
3856:T. javanicus
3855:
3843:
3831:
3822:
3813:
3801:
3790:H. aquaticus
3789:
3777:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3698:
3686:
3661:
3652:
3643:
3634:
3622:
3611:O. johnstoni
3610:
3598:
3574:A. americana
3573:
3561:
3523:Superorder:
3517:Infraclass:
3488:Artiodactyla
3445:. Retrieved
3435:
3425:
3395:
3380:
3365:
3350:
3261:. Retrieved
3257:the original
3248:
3239:
3227:. Retrieved
3223:the original
3216:
3207:
3187:
3180:
3160:. New York:
3157:
3151:
3127:South Africa
3126:
3118:
3099:. Retrieved
3092:the original
3087:
3083:
3070:
3038:
3035:Meat Science
3034:
3028:
3020:
2988:
2985:Meat Science
2984:
2978:
2970:
2938:
2935:Meat Science
2934:
2928:
2920:
2891:(1): 73–78.
2888:
2885:Meat Science
2884:
2878:
2870:
2838:
2835:Meat Science
2834:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2793:. Retrieved
2787:
2777:
2754:. Retrieved
2750:
2744:
2738:
2710:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2623:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2588:
2547:
2543:
2530:
2511:. Retrieved
2504:the original
2491:
2487:
2478:
2470:
2423:(1): 58–69.
2420:
2416:
2378:
2370:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2310:
2273:
2267:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2166:(1): 59–70.
2163:
2157:
2109:
2105:
2074:
2038:(1): 13–15.
2035:
2029:
2023:
1998:
1990:
1975:10499/AJ6704
1966:
1962:
1956:
1945:
1926:
1894:
1890:
1877:
1856:
1846:
1818:
1814:Wilson, D.E.
1800:
1775:
1730:
1724:
1718:
1665:
1659:
1653:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1583:
1563:
1532:
1524:fermentation
1505:is the main
1503:Stearic acid
1484:
1476:greater kudu
1464:
1417:(Botswana);
1412:
1401:
1392:
1376:
1353:
1329:
1318:Reproduction
1309:
1299:
1289:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1211:
1202:tawny eagles
1147:
1138:
1132:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1085:
1073:
1052:
1048:
1018:
1016:
996:
990:
985:
977:
975:
909:
903:
898:
893:
890:
850:
844:
836:A. australis
834:
828:
824:
818:
796:
783:Orange River
773:– Occurs in
763:
748:– Occurs in
742:
735:
729:
717:
702:
685:
666:
639:
609:
600:South Africa
588:
571:
557:
519:
507:
506:
502:
498:
496:
483:
471:
459:
447:
443:(Link, 1795)
440:A. saltatrix
439:
431:
419:
411:
399:
391:
350:
338:
330:
306:
304:
288:
287:
275:
235:Artiodactyla
40:
8043:iNaturalist
7937:Wikispecies
7708:L. guanicoe
7567:Tayassuidae
7531:Wild boar (
7470:S. barbatus
7428:P. larvatus
7404:P. salvania
7402:Pygmy hog (
7336:Hylochoerus
7189:Philantomba
7077:C. jentinki
7059:C. dorsalis
7012:Cephalophus
6896:N. pygmaeus
6854:M. saltiana
6792:Dorcatragus
6766:S. tatarica
6656:N. petersii
6594:Litocranius
6494:E. tilonura
6441:Blackbuck (
6417:Springbok (
6360:Antilopinae
6358:(subfamily
6305:Taurotragus
6272:Sitatunga (
6265:T. scriptus
6256:T. imberbis
6213:(including
6206:Tragelaphus
6027:B. quarlesi
5909:Boselaphini
5893:(subfamily
5798:O. nivicola
5639:N. caudatus
5628:Red goral (
5619:Naemorhedus
5582:C. swinhoei
5562:Red serow (
5544:Capricornis
5522:C. sibirica
5459:C. caucasia
5450:C. aegagrus
5448:Wild goat (
5402:A. jayakari
5391:Arabitragus
5350:(subfamily
5321:Antilopinae
5244:C. taurinus
5187:D. pygargus
5080:A. melampus
5001:K. vardonii
4963:Waterbuck (
4904:O. leucoryx
4833:Hippotragus
4761:O. hemionus
4759:Mule deer (
4658:Blastocerus
4567:M. bricenii
4525:H. bisulcus
4492:R. tarandus
4468:C. pygargus
4390:Capreolinae
4372:Sika deer (
4314:R. unicolor
4303:Rusa deer (
4206:A. porcinus
4026:M. montanus
3823:M. kathygre
3572:Pronghorn (
3563:Antilocapra
3249:Dragoons.ca
3162:I.B. Tauris
2494:(1): 7–10.
2305:Estes, R.D.
2253:(1): 1–11.
2071:Kingdon, J.
1675:10.1644/753
1511:cholesterol
1493:, 1.3–3.5%
1451:Silver coin
1425:(Namibia);
1301:Lampranthus
1261:Linognathus
1124:Trekbokking
1120:trekbokking
1086:During the
1068:Territorial
877:Description
855:Pleistocene
853:during the
791:Sandfontein
667:marsupialis
572:trekbokking
323:Subspecies
255:Antilopinae
251:Subfamily:
8247:Antilopini
8236:Categories
8192:Q122418458
7957:Antidorcas
7844:Choeropsis
7726:L. vicugna
7612:C. wagneri
7515:S. oliveri
7506:S. heureni
7242:S. grimmia
7231:Sylvicapra
7218:P. walteri
7131:C. rubidis
7122:C. ogilbyi
7068:C. harveyi
7032:C. brookei
6986:R. sharpei
6966:Steenbok (
6957:Raphicerus
6909:Oreotragus
6782:Neotragini
6731:Pantholops
6647:N. notatus
6605:L. walleri
6554:G. gazella
6527:G. cuvieri
6516:Chinkara (
6408:Antidorcas
6395:A. clarkei
6384:Ammodorcas
6374:Antilopini
6274:T. spekeii
6238:T. buxtoni
6229:T. angasii
6121:Wild yak (
6105:B. indicus
6060:B. bonasus
6000:B. bubalis
5943:Boselaphus
5919:Tetracerus
5789:O. gmelini
5657:N. griseus
5630:N. baileyi
5595:Hemitragus
5564:C. rubidus
5555:C. crispus
5504:C. nubiana
5367:Ammotragus
5270:Pantholops
5200:Alcelaphus
5185:Bontebok (
5178:D. lunatus
5167:Damaliscus
5154:B. hunteri
5043:R. redunca
4944:Reduncinae
4895:O. gazella
4844:H. equinus
4770:O. pandora
4750:Odocoileus
4634:Ozotoceros
4490:Reindeer (
4435:H. inermis
4424:Hydropotes
4347:C. elaphus
4345:Red deer (
4287:R. alfredi
4204:Hog deer (
4062:M. reevesi
4035:M. muntjak
3865:T. kanchil
3832:M. meminna
3779:Hyemoschus
3769:Tragulidae
3726:M. cupreus
3644:G. giraffa
3590:Giraffidae
3541:Ruminantia
3362:Springbuck
3245:"Boer War"
1957:Antidorcas
1951:Vrba, E.S.
1919:Groves, C.
1576:References
1559:Krugerrand
1537:since the
1507:fatty acid
1474:, and the
1372:Etosha Pan
1349:Copulation
1296:succulents
1264:species).
1224:Haemonchus
1178:crocodiles
871:Free State
825:Antidorcas
732:subspecies
726:Subspecies
719:Antidorcas
584:succulents
536:subspecies
526:was first
520:Antidorcas
503:springbuck
432:A. saliens
420:A. saccata
315:Zimmermann
276:Antidorcas
265:Antilopini
7796:Suborder
7706:Guanaco (
7678:Camelidae
7664:Suborder
7636:D. tajacu
7625:Dicotyles
7601:Catagonus
7588:T. pecari
7533:S. scrofa
7437:P. porcus
7426:Bushpig (
7294:Babyrousa
7270:Suborder
7167:C. weynsi
7158:C. spadix
7023:C. adersi
6944:O. ourebi
6878:N. batesi
6867:Neotragus
6836:M. kirkii
6638:N. granti
6603:Gerenuk (
6572:G. spekei
6536:G. dorcas
6393:Dibatag (
6180:S. caffer
6145:Pseudoryx
6132:B. taurus
6112:Banteng (
6087:B. gaurus
6016:Tamaraw (
5862:Chamois (
5844:Rupicapra
5831:P. nayaur
5807:O. vignei
5787:Mouflon (
5486:C. hircus
5475:Markhor (
5378:A. lervia
5143:Beatragus
5069:Aepyceros
4893:Gemsbok (
4886:O. dammah
4728:P. carlae
4621:M. temama
4612:M. rufina
4576:M. chunyi
4558:M. bororo
4448:Capreolus
4374:C. nippon
4365:C. hanglu
4252:Elaphurus
4197:A. kuhlii
4111:Elaphodus
3979:Muntiacus
3814:M. indica
3803:Moschiola
3735:M. fuscus
3678:Moschidae
3539:Suborder
3499:Kingdom:
3426:springbok
3392:Springbok
3377:Springbok
3347:Springbok
2765:cite iucn
2756:7 January
2246:Behaviour
2005:1202–1203
1923:Grubb, P.
1806:Grubb, P.
1684:198127817
1468:taxidermy
1383:Transvaal
1355:Gestation
1298:(such as
1255:Damalinia
1219:helminths
1208:Parasites
1170:wild dogs
1106:springbok
1011:premolars
867:Florisbad
815:Evolution
808:Kimberley
754:Moçâmedes
707:blackbuck
695:described
675:marsupium
612:Afrikaans
606:Etymology
528:described
499:springbok
283:Species:
201:Kingdom:
195:Eukaryota
46:Springbok
8186:Wikidata
8113:14200530
8061:11040738
7922:Wikidata
7768:C. ferus
7724:Vicuña (
7717:L. pacos
7715:Alpaca (
7699:L. glama
7666:Tylopoda
7176:C. zebra
7104:C. niger
6678:Procapra
6456:Eudorcas
6432:Antilope
6169:Syncerus
6130:Cattle (
6123:B. mutus
6051:B. bison
5991:B. arnee
5952:Nilgai (
5829:Bharal (
5820:Pseudois
5780:O. dalli
5762:O. aries
5753:O. ammon
5751:Argali (
5703:Muskox (
5670:Oreamnos
5648:N. goral
5531:C. walie
5415:Budorcas
5352:Caprinae
5297:Caprinae
5152:Hirola (
5096:Peleinae
5078:Impala (
4983:K. leche
4981:Lechwe (
4877:O. beisa
4853:H. niger
4514:Taruca (
4481:Rangifer
4411:A. alces
4312:Sambar (
4239:R. eldii
4219:Rucervus
4177:Chital (
3969:Cervinae
3956:Cervidae
3917:Cervidae
3845:Tragulus
3519:Eutheria
3513:Mammalia
3507:Chordata
3505:Phylum:
3501:Animalia
3218:CoinWeek
3101:19 April
3055:22061254
3005:22061256
2955:22061255
2905:22944735
2855:22061794
2795:25 April
2648:83882358
2513:18 April
2455:21831195
2362:83613809
2342:Mammalia
2307:(1999).
2226:11400003
2073:(2015).
1953:(1973).
1925:(2011).
1885:(1844).
1854:(1780).
1838:62265494
1808:(2005).
1387:Atlantic
1341:perineum
1292:browsers
1174:caracals
1162:leopards
1154:Cheetahs
1135:pronking
1128:Botswana
1104:pronking
1071:groups.
1064:dominant
846:A. recki
841:Holocene
830:A. bondi
821:Pliocene
787:Upington
750:Benguela
703:Antilope
634:"). The
628:antelope
576:pronking
513:antelope
511:) is an
453:Thunberg
425:Boddaert
377:Synonyms
241:Family:
225:Mammalia
215:Chordata
211:Phylum:
205:Animalia
191:Domain:
168:IUCN 3.1
138:Male at
8214:ZooBank
8206:9078716
8100:1006138
8035:2441064
7928:Q213084
7880:Cetacea
7871:Cetacea
7739:Camelus
7697:Llama (
7577:Tayassu
7393:Porcula
6942:Oribi (
6933:Ourebia
6816:Madoqua
6801:Beira (
6722:Saigini
6629:N. dama
6507:Gazella
6356:Bovidae
6354:Family
6325:T. oryx
6245:Bongo (
6227:Nyala (
6154:Saola (
6076:Gayal (
5980:Bubalus
5895:Bovinae
5891:Bovidae
5889:Family
5805:Urial (
5495:C. ibex
5424:Takin (
5348:Bovidae
5346:Family
5309:Bovinae
5235:C. gnou
5014:Redunca
4926:Addax (
4810:Bovidae
4808:Family
4716:Pudella
4703:P. pudu
4594:M. nana
4409:Moose (
4179:A. axis
4146:D. dama
4008:M. feae
3954:Family
3929:Bovidae
3874:T. napu
3688:Moschus
3624:Giraffa
3609:Okapi (
3511:Class:
3490:species
3486:Extant
3447:9 April
3400:. 1879.
3385:. 1905.
3355:. 1914.
2789:Reuters
2640:1382468
2556:1297955
2500:7122069
2446:3217112
2425:Bibcode
1776:Grazers
1668:: 1–7.
1520:Biltong
1499:protein
1472:gemsbok
1406:on the
1379:Namibia
1345:flehmen
1332:oestrus
1306:lignify
1267:Eimeria
1182:pythons
1143:display
1066:males.
1044:Namibia
775:Berseba
771:, 1926)
691:Bovidae
660:gazelle
580:browser
522:, this
479:, 1816)
467:, 1816)
455:, 1795)
427:, 1785)
407:, 1802)
346:, 1926)
317:, 1780)
271:Genus:
261:Tribe:
245:Bovidae
231:Order:
221:Class:
166: (
118:↓
8165:149572
8152:363040
8074:625085
8022:ATDCMA
8009:308537
7983:462562
7965:ARKive
7284:Suidae
6885:Suni (
6618:Nanger
6103:Zebu (
6085:Gaur (
5970:Bovini
5694:Ovibos
4999:Puku (
4974:K. kob
4538:Mazama
4327:Cervus
3600:Okapia
3263:25 May
3229:25 May
3195:
3168:
3139:
3053:
3003:
2953:
2903:
2853:
2646:
2638:
2595:
2554:
2498:
2453:
2443:
2391:
2360:
2323:
2284:
2224:
2125:
2081:
2011:
1933:
1897:: 271.
1836:
1826:
1788:
1784:–104.
1682:
1561:coin.
1543:mascot
1528:salami
1427:Mokala
1241:ixodid
1200:, and
1059:harems
999:dorsal
919:– are
769:Thomas
758:Angola
730:Three
688:family
655:dorcas
630:" or "
617:spring
614:words
560:harems
555:flap.
405:Daudin
344:Thomas
8139:81755
8126:59523
8056:IRMNG
8048:42283
7996:5VJT4
7272:Suina
6755:Saiga
6696:Goa (
6215:kudus
5439:Capra
5106:Pelea
4972:Kob (
4954:Kobus
4917:Addax
4400:Alces
4354:Elk (
3095:(PDF)
3080:(PDF)
2644:S2CID
2636:JSTOR
2540:(PDF)
2507:(PDF)
2484:(PDF)
2358:S2CID
2319:–67.
2222:S2CID
1812:. In
1680:S2CID
1431:Karoo
1244:ticks
1158:lions
1139:pronk
1116:Karoo
1023:spoor
982:snout
917:forms
715:genus
671:Latin
658:for "
650:Greek
568:Karoo
541:horns
524:bovid
517:genus
8201:GBIF
8121:NCBI
8087:1676
8082:IUCN
8069:ITIS
8030:GBIF
8017:EPPO
7978:BOLD
7878:see
7688:Lama
5742:Ovis
4866:Oryx
4682:Pudu
4276:Rusa
4168:Axis
4135:Dama
3449:2016
3265:2020
3231:2020
3193:ISBN
3166:ISBN
3137:ISBN
3103:2016
3051:PMID
3001:PMID
2951:PMID
2901:PMID
2851:PMID
2827:and
2797:2012
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