486:(ABC Seattle) reported a "ground-breaking coalition," announcing that Orca Conservancy, the Keiko team and Vancouver Aquarium had tentatively agreed to combine their plans—the only ones submitted to NMFS that called for rehabilitation in a seapen and an expedited translocation and repatriation to her natal pod. The organizations reportedly had agreed to "pool their resources" on behalf of Springer, including a pledge the Keiko team secured from a private, anonymous donor to fund the entire project. Upon hearing this rare pledge of cooperation between anti-captivity organizations and a captive-display facility, NMFS announced its decision — it would intervene to save Springer, and would go with the combined seapen rehabilitation/translocation/reintroduction plan, with Vancouver Aquarium as the lead non-government organization on the Canadian side.
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346:"It's going to be heart-breaking if we see the worst thing happen, which is to see her die," activist Donna Sandstrom of Orca Alliance (now head of the Washington state nonprofit The Whale Trail) explained on KING 5 News (NBC Seattle), "but we would rather bear that heartbreak than to know she's enduring it alone in a concrete tank." Sandstrom became an outspoken critic of direct intervention by NMFS in the local media, often pitted against advocates calling for Springer's rescue and return to her family in British Columbia. While advocates, researchers and scientists pushed since mid-January for immediate federal action to save this wayward whale, the beginning of March brought a new discord of opinions on the matter.
616:, BC, where locals donated hundreds of bags of ice to help keep the orca cool. To keep her skin from drying out or becoming sunburned during the 13-hour journey, Springer was draped with wet cloths and treated with ointment. The catamaran traveled through the Inside Passage to Johnstone Strait, then to Dongchong Bay, and Hanson Island, not far from OrcaLab. The previous day, high-tech hydrophones were installed in Dongchong Bay by David Howitt and Michael Harris, to monitor acoustic interactions between Springer and wild whales. A net pen was in place, filled with wild Pacific salmon caught by local
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agreement with the Free Willy-Keiko
Foundation (FWKF) that Keiko's former tank, built by FWKF, could never again house a wild orca. Furthermore, growing scientific opinion was that rehabilitating Springer in a concrete tank would further acclimate the orca to humans and likely result in permanent captivity. It was also widely reported that OCA was in financial hardship due to controversial loans taken out for renovations. It soon withdrew its offer. In July, OCA's Executive Director, Phyllis Bell, would "resign her post with little explanation."
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than against — nature." Since then, Springer and her calves have spent less and less time with the A24s and have eventually broken off to form their own matrilineal group known as the A73s in honour of their namesake who is also the leader of the new pod. During the summer, Springer can be seen with Spirit and Storm, who are also the only other members of her new pod. Observations by the photogrammetry project at Ocean Wise in 2021 confirmed that
Springer is pregnant with her potential third confirmed offspring.
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personal assurance from OOF members that they would be at the site when the salmon came in, physically inspecting the mouth of each fish for hooks prior to their placement into the seapen. The Motion passed and the Namgis were contracted. The First
Nations were now appropriately participating in the return of a wayward kukawin, or orca, to their ancestral waters. And a potential conflict unfolding before the eyes of the world media was averted. No farmed Atlantic salmon would be brought into Namgis territory.
535:, the repatriation site and territory of the Namgis. If the money were approved, Spong would help arrange an out-of-season fishing permit from DFO, and Namgis Chief Bill Cranmer would put together a boat and crew. Bob McLaughlin of Project SeaWolf, together with Lynne Barre from NMFS and other activists urged instead the use of farmed Atlantic salmon provided by a local aquaculture company, even though the First Nations and a vast majority of orca advocates in the region, including renowned local scientist
670:. It was hoped that she would form a bond with a mature female who would act as a surrogate mother. The orca known as A51 or "Nodales," a 16-year-old female from the A5 Pod who had no calf of her own, appeared to take that role. In August, A51 was observed following Springer and guiding her away from boats, which Barrett-Lennard described as a sign of "reciprocalness in the relationship. It convinced me this is not just a case of A73 finding a placid female she's following around."
539:, were adamantly opposed to fish farms in their waters. It was argued that the logistics of feeding Springer wild fish was too much to take on for the team, particularly so close to the capture date. There was also a question of whether OOF had the authority to directly contract vendors with its donations, although it was agreed that the coalition's by-laws did not specifically preclude it from doing so.
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airwaves, repeatedly calling upon authorities to act immediately to rescue
Springer and return her to her family in Johnstone Strait. As reported on KING 5 News (NBC Seattle), the group initially proposed a "Namu Shuttle," a scientifically peer-reviewed proposal to lure the orca into a hydrodynamic floating seapen and tow it north — a plan employed successfully in 1965 by Ted Griffin to translocate
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the calf on the water, documenting a number of orca-boat interactions, including potentially dangerous interactions with private boats and a
Washington State ferry. The group captured surface and underwater video of the orca that they disseminated to the media, urging federal intervention. Springer's attraction to boats and floating logs was attributed to needing social interaction and
627:"She was vigorous and vocalizing and obviously interacting with the other whales. We were listening practically with our mouths hanging open (Saturday) night," said Spong. Lance Barrett-Lennard, Senior Marine Mammal Scientist with the Vancouver Aquarium, said that it was clear Springer knew she was home, and that "her calls were so loud they practically blew our earphones off."
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Alliance, Project SeaWolf, People for Puget Sound, The Whale Museum and Orca
Conservancy. Free Willy-Keiko Foundation/Earth Island Institute and Friends of the San Juans would soon join OOF at the invitation of Orca Conservancy. The new coalition immediately passed a Motion that stated that "no funds raised by OOF can be used to remove A73 to a marine facility."
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sociable orca, not to try to capture up-close photographs or video of her, or worse yet, do what was reportedly already happening, try to feed her. "The message we want to get out to boaters is, no matter how much you want to help this whale, do not approach it, don't feed it," Orca
Conservancy representatives warned on
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As time went on and the orca's prognosis worsened, the idea of directly intervening on behalf of
Springer and returning her to her family in Canada was soon catching on. Public opinion was now strongly in favor of rescuing the orca, and to do everything possible to keep her out of a concrete tank. On
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Despite laws prohibiting the removal of any wild whale in Puget Sound to a marine aquarium, some activists continued to argue in the local media against a rescue, concerned that human intervention would lead to a life in captivity for the orca. Others assured that protections were in place to prevent
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Killer whale experts tried to solve the mystery of this solitary, social orca, initially known to locals and ferry workers as "Baby Orphan Orca" ("Boo") or "Little Orcan Annie." They pored over high-resolution photographs taken of the young orca's markings. They also hoped to find clues in the orca's
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In June 2014, Springer was sighted with a calf, named A104, measuring about 2.5 metres long. "That leaves no doubt the young whale was accepted by and is thriving with her pod," said environmental reporter Gary
Chittim of KING 5 News (NBC Seattle). The history of Springer's story, and her successful
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Springer has been sighted each year with her pod. "Springer is in excellent condition," reported Spong in an OrcaLab press release. "There can now be no question about the success of the return project as it is clear that
Springer has resumed living a normal social life among her kin and community."
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Springer's move to her home waters needed to be well-timed to maximize her chances of re-integrating into a wild pod. To minimize her habituation to humans, she needed to be moved as soon as possible and had to be released during the time her pod was usually present in Johnstone Strait between May 6
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and tested for medical conditions. To avoid creating a dependency on humans, staff kept their contact with her to a minimum and released food into her pen at random times of day. Her food, sometimes laced with medication, was delivered via a chute that was arranged so that Springer could not see the
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After much discussion, Barre agreed that NMFS would not oppose the Namgis contract, on the condition that OOF provide a metal detector at the seapen site to screen the wild salmon for fish hooks which could pose a danger to Springer. When that was argued to be impractical, NMFS finally assented on a
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found freedom, he never found his family. Aside from some interactions with other wild whales, Keiko lived alone until his death in Norway in 2003. Scientists considered the possibility that Springer had been rejected by her pod (although resident orcas had never been known to do this). They feared
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On July 12, 2002, under the watch of news helicopters, Springer was lifted by crane from the holding pen and placed in a specially constructed shallow pool aboard the catamaran. The boat departed Manchester, but broke down shortly after it began its journey north. Plastic debris was sucked into one
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Another hurdle was to secure a means of transport for the whale's 250-mile journey. A truck ride would have been long and bumpy, and an airplane prohibitively expensive. Project SeaWolf’s Bob McLaughlin persuaded a boat building company from Whidbey Island, Nichols Brothers Boat Builders, to donate
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The public response to helping Springer was overwhelming. In a matter of weeks, OOF successfully raised the matching funds to trigger the Prescott grants. There was now approximately $ 266,666 USD in cash and in-kind services and equipment available to the project, by most accounts more than enough
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Conservationists then presented an idea to NMFS — the Springer project could be funded by the newly established John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant, taking advantage of language inserted by Washington's Congressional delegation that provided "priority consideration for gray whale
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Local media continued to cover the crisis intensively, with advocates still demanding immediate government action to save the whale, as Springer's health was deteriorating and her dangerous attraction to boats and people (and people to Springer) increasing. The prospect of federally protected young
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In these first critical weeks of the Springer debate, Seattle-based non-profit Orca Conservancy, which would later emerge as the lead U.S. non-government organization in a similar, highly publicized effort to rescue and repatriate another displaced resident killer whale, L98, or Luna, hit the local
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the previous summer and were both feared to be dead. Through assessment of the orca's dialect, she was confirmed to be A73, offspring of A45, also known as "Sutlej." Orca fathers do not play a role in rearing their young, so Springer is considered an orphan. Her closest maternal relatives are other
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Said Lance Barrett-Lennard: "Her rescue, relocation, reunification with relatives and transition to motherhood is an incredible story. I see it as testimony to both the resiliency of killer whales as a species and to the wonderful things we humans can do when we work together on behalf of — rather
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for release. On June 13, with news helicopters circling overhead sending live video to millions of viewers, Foster's team lured the orca close to the capture boat, and then Foster got in the water, carefully placed a soft rope around her tail, gently moved her into a sling and hoisted her into the
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Another option the group presented to the National Marine Fisheries Service was to transport the orca aboard a high-speed hovercraft the Canadian Consulate believed it could source from its Coast Guard. The overriding component of all these rescue options was to minimize human contact and keep the
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Activists like Howard Garrett of the Whidbey Island, Washington-based Orca Network also argued against rescuing Springer, and favored the federal government authorizing a "Social Approach," the introduction of regular human companionship for the orca, to put divers in the water with her to address
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Springer had developed a pattern of approaching and rubbing against boats, creating a high risk of being hit by a vessel in the busy area or capsizing a small boat. Robert McLaughlin, Robert Wood, and Michael Kundu of the Seattle-based group, Project SeaWolf, began regularly observing and tracking
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At 3:30 p.m. on July 14, Springer's keepers opened the gate on her net pen as other orcas went by, and Springer went "charging off." She swam straight towards the other orcas. First observations appeared to indicate that the operation was exceeding all expectations, that the experiment was a
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was kept prior to his translocation to Iceland, offered its facilities to rehabilitate Springer for a one-year period, after which a scientific panel would determine whether or not she was fit to return to Johnstone Strait, BC. Media reports soon revealed that OCA was deep in debt and bound by an
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Springer has been observed with her pod in Johnstone Strait every year since her rescue and translocation, becoming the only orca in history to be successfully reintegrated into a wild population after human intervention. In July 2013, 11 years after her rescue, Springer was seen off the central
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The bond between Springer and Nodales turned out to not be as strong as a normal mother-offspring bond in killer whales, however. Springer has since often been seen with Nawitti, a 12-year-old female from the A4 pod, and with Springer's great-aunt Yakat. On July 15, she was reportedly visiting
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Springer's uncertain health was also a concern. Canadian officials refused to accept an orca with any communicable diseases. Returning Springer to her home waters would require the political, scientific, logistical and financial cooperation of federal agencies and multiple organizations in two
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Orcas in the region's inner coastal waters take two forms, "resident" and "transient" (also known as Bigg's killer whales), two eco-types that are similar in appearance but have different diets and social structures and do not interbreed. The different orca pods have developed their own unique
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Applications were made for two $ 100,000 USD grants, with a requirement that both be triggered by 1/3 matching contributions, or a total of $ 66,667 USD. NMFS invited five nonprofit organizations to form the "Orphaned Orca Fund" (OOF) to raise the matching funds for the Prescott grants — Orca
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Shortly after the NMFS announcement and without explanation, Vancouver Aquarium backed out of the coalition. But the NMFS-approved plan to rescue and repatriate Springer would still go forward, but because of the Aquarium's change-of-heart, the effort was again without funding. NMFS could not
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legally prohibited marine parks from capturing wild orcas in Puget Sound. Some argued that federal authorities should not intervene and rescue the young orca, even if the animal was likely to die as scientists warned alone in one of the most congested, contaminated waterways in North America.
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As advocates and researchers worked to identify this strange visitor to Seattle, grave concern arose over her presence in the waters off a major metropolitan area. In one of the first media reports on January 19, 2002, the public was urged to resist the temptation to interact with this highly
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shoulder the costs of the project, and Vancouver Aquarium made it very clear that they had no interest in doing so, either. Unless a new funding source was located immediately, the intervention could not happen. Springer's prognosis in Puget Sound was getting worse every day.
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Despite the warnings, Springer became an instant celebrity, appearing regularly on the news in the United States and Canada. The beach community of West Seattle took on the look of a marine park. The orca's interactions with humans increased. The situation became untenable.
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In late February, NMFS convened a panel of experts to discuss what to do. Brian Gorman of NMFS called the decision "a thorny one," but added that letting nature take its course "realistically is not an option. She's in a very public location. People will want to feed her."
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As the debate continued, NMFS urged the public to keep away from Springer, and officially authorized a volunteer, on-the-water monitoring project proposed by three Washington-based nonprofit organizations possessing the marine vessel resources to keep track of the calf —
172:, BC and held in a seapen at Dong Chong Bay, Hanson Island. The next morning, Springer was released near her close relatives. In October, she was seen traveling with her pod to the open ocean. The following July, she returned to Johnstone Strait with the same orca pod.
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As the weeks unfolded, NMFS officials chose not to intervene, stating it lacked both the funds and the confidence that a rescue, translocation and reunion was possible. No cetacean had ever been re-integrated into a wild pod after human intervention. Another orca,
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the orca's social needs until she left Puget Sound on her own. Garrett's proposal of introducing regular human contact to a solitary, social, displaced orca in a major metropolitan area was considered by many scientists and advocates as potentially disastrous.
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devices had been attached to Springer's back with suction cups, designed to fall off after a few days. Scientists and volunteers observed Springer visually. In the first days, she trailed the pod, keeping a distance of about half to three quarters of a mile.
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Springer's pod might respond to her reappearance by a physical attack. Also, the increasing habituation with humans and vessels could jeopardize a successful return to the wild and humans could be endangered by Springer's close contacts with small boats.
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However, the reaction of the wild whales to Springer's sudden appearance was initially to bunch together silently, seemingly in confusion. After a few minutes, they swam off, perhaps expecting Springer to follow. She appeared not to be able to keep up.
374:(in the water), expedite medical tests and clearances with Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and target a speedy translocation and reintroduction in Johnstone Strait in July, when Springer's pod historically returns to its summer habitat.
212:. At that time, she was 11 feet (3.4 m) long and estimated to be between 18 and 36 months old. Springer's presence was immediately regarded as a mystery, as orcas are rarely observed alone, and mothers never leave young offspring unattended.
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When released into the net pen, Springer immediately began feeding on the salmon, spyhopping (raising her head out of the water), breaching, pushing at the net, and calling out loudly to her relative orcas swimming nearby.
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and July 25, usually in mid-July. On July 9, OrcaLab detected orca calls closely related to Springer's, moving towards Johnstone Strait. On July 10, the A-11 matriline, her extended family, appeared in Johnstone Strait.
678:, a favorite "rubbing beach" for local orcas. OrcaLab reported that she used the opportunity to rub off temporary suction cups researchers attached to her before her release. Monitors were pleased with the developments.
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and orca strandings in the Pacific Northwest." Although not a stranded whale, if Springer were deemed by NMFS as a "pending stranding," the agency might be able to expedite the Prescott money. NMFS agreed to the plan.
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Under contract from the Orphaned Orca Fund and a special out-of-season permit from DFO Canada, Namgis First Nation fishermen load 73 wild-caught Pacific salmon into Springer's seapen in Dong Chong Bay, Hanson Island,
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Springer hanging out at the Fauntleroy Ferry, Seattle. Washington State Ferry workers were the first to see and report the young orca to researchers, and kept a watchful eye on her throughout her stay in the big
289:. A73 had been given the nickname "Springer" shortly after her birth. Like many of the region's killer whales, she is named after a geographical feature – Springer Point in southern Johnstone Strait.
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in the early 1970s. Each of the approximately 500 orcas which frequent these waters is named, and experienced observers recognize individuals by their unique body markings and the shape of each orca's
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The orphaned orca's fate soon became a hotly debated public issue. Some feared Springer might be removed to a captive-display facility, even though a Stipulation of Dismissal in the 1976 lawsuit of
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British Columbia coast with a new calf and is considered to be a contributing member of that population. In 2017, Springer was seen with another calf, who was confirmed to be her second offspring.
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The next day, Project SeaWolf resigned from OOF. But the group continued assisting the Springer project in material ways, particularly when the time came to rescue and repatriate the orca.
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of fish per day needed to increase her weight. After medical tests revealed no genetic disorders or communicable diseases, Springer was cleared for a return to Canada.
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that are specific to her family, or "pod," and by examining photographs of her eye patch. They were also able to determine where Springer's pod was currently located.
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reintroduction into a wild pod, has set the precedent for the rescue and repatriation of other possible captive orca worldwide. This calf was later nicknamed Spirit.
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of the catamaran's intakes, damaging the high-speed vessel. The team decided to head back to the dock, put Springer back in the seapen, and wait for the next day.
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Springer's tendency to interact with boats remained a problem. On July 16 she positioned herself near a small boat leaving it unable to move without hitting her.
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Read, Nicholas (2002-07-22). "Hope swims with orphaned orca: Scientists have temporarily lost track of Springer, and they want to believe she has found a home".
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During one OOF meeting in June, a Motion was made by Orca Conservancy, on behalf of Spong and OrcaLab to use OOF funds to contract commercial fishermen from the
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fishermen under a specially granted fishing permit. As promised, all 73 of the wild salmon caught by the Namgis were physically inspected for metal hooks.
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With Peter Jennings, "I've been a fascinated spectator, watching these whales get used to each other and her integration into her larger family group."
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The operation got underway the next day without incident. Springer was brought north through Puget Sound and Haro Strait, across the border and then to
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Although Springer had been weaned from her mother and was able to forage on her own, she was underweight and in poor health, being malnourished, having
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vocalizations, using distinctive sets of calls, known as "dialects." Closely related groups have more similar dialects than more distant relatives.
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the orca over 400 miles from British Columbia to Seattle. The distance from Seattle to Springer's repatriation site is approximately 250 miles.
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Francis, Daniel; Gil Hewlett (2007). Operation Orca: Springer, Luna and the Struggle to Save West Coast Killer Whales. Harbour Publishing.
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Springer was first seen with her second calf, Storm on June 6, 2017. It was estimated to have been born about six months earlier.
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Springer A73 with her younger calf Storm A116 in 2022; 20 years after her rehabilitation, she and her 2 calves are looking well
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KING 5 News (NBC Seattle) reported, "It was a daring, dangerous and highly publicized effort, and now it appears it worked."
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First Nation of Johnstone Strait to catch and provide wild salmon for Springer while she was in her seapen in Dongchong Bay,
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and form extremely strong family bonds. Resident orcas remain with their mothers and maternal relatives their entire lives.
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http://castlegarsource.com/news/ten-years-later-vancouver-aquarium-celebrates-release-springer-orphaned-killer-whale-19484
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countries, as well as the consent of the First Nations. Capturing and moving an orca risked further stress and injury.
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Springer's family was traced through analysis of her vocal dialect. Her mother was "Sutlej," who probably died in 2001.
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person putting the food into the chute. Her health improved and she began to eat more, approaching the 60–80
1024:"Bell's Departure Clouds Future for Oregon Coast Aquarium," Diane Dietz, Eugene Register-Guard, July 4, 2002
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It was known that A45, a female killer whale from this community, and her calf A73 had not returned to
1228:"Springer's Ride Develops a Problem, Delays Departure," Christopher Dunagan, Kitsap Sun, July 13, 2002
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Springer though would soon connect with wild whales. She began traveling consistently with the
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every summer. In January 2002, Springer, then a calf developmentally equivalent to a human
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Although there were possible sightings in early January 2002 of either a juvenile orca or
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boat. By all accounts, the operation went smoothly and the Springer rescue was underway.
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orca in the water as much as possible, provide medical treatment and draw blood samples
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In February 2002, recordings and photographs of Springer in Puget Sound were sent to
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1141:"Orca Coalition Sees Hope for Ecosystem," KOMO 4 News (ABC Seattle), June 12, 2002
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1262:"Waters of Home Welcome Springer," Christopher Dunagan, Kitsap Sun, July 14, 2002
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Operation Orca: Springer, Luna and the Struggle to Save West Coast Killer Whales
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After months of heated public debate, a decision was made by the United States
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1359:"Young Orca Spends Hours With Her Family," The Associated Press, July 16, 2002
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orca washing up dead on one of Seattle's most-visited beaches grew every day.
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852:"Springer the orphaned killer whale spotted with calf off B.C.'s North Coast"
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members of the matriline (subpod) known as A24, which is in the pod known as
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The team to capture Springer was led by Jeff Foster, who had helped prepare
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1447:"Springer Expecting – Rescued Killer Whale Pregnant with Her Third Calf!"
1123:"Feds Consider Helping Orphan Orca Calf," Associated Press, March 1, 2002
784:"Springer Swims Free: Released Orphaned Orca Shows Interest in her Pod".
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Springer was then moved to a seapen at a government research station in
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Community of orcas, which frequents the waters off the northern part of
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770:"Orphaned Orca Released to Join Pod". Associated Press. July 14, 2002.
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a 144-foot-long catamaran capable of traveling more than 40 mph.
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Wild Female orca from the Northern Resident community (born c. 2000)
1389:"Environment Northwest: Springer the once-orphaned orca is a mom".
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The Oregon Coast Aquarium (OCA) in Newport, Oregon where the orca
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coasts have been extensively studied since the pioneering work of
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924:"Podless in Seattle," KING 5 News (NBC Seattle), January 19, 2002
874:"Springer the orphaned orca seen off B.C. coast with second calf"
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John Nightingale, Director of the Vancouver Aquarium, stated on
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1219:"Waiting on Springer," KOMO 4 News (ABC Seattle), July 12, 2002
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Namgis First Nation enlisted to catch wild salmon for Springer
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666:(her mother's closest relatives), and distant cousins in the
1406:"Killer whale Springer and calf spotted in Inside Passage"
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Closeup of Springer's dorsal fin and saddle patch in 2006
1001:"Readers Soapbox: Try Social Approach With Orphaned Orca"
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Video of Springer's return to Johnstone Strait in 2002
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On July 4, 2013 Springer was seen with her first calf.
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Springer is lowered into her seapen at Manchester, WA.
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Springer nuzzles up to a floating log in Puget Sound
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639:Namgis First Nations canoes welcome Springer home.
823:"Orphaned orca's reunion with family celebrated"
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220:(NBC Seattle). "A fed whale is a dead whale."
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681:"It's a good start," said Barrett-Lennard.
1371:ABC World News Tonight With Peter Jennings
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234:Killer whale § Taxonomy and evolution
42:Two-year-old Springer in Puget Sound, 2002
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457:Learn how and when to remove this message
239:calls, which are distinctive to her pod.
939:"Young whale's tale is story of success"
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961:"Orphaned whale still 'prefers boats'"
1471:Francis, Daniel; Gil Hewlett (2007).
1073:"Dramatic New Rescue Plans for Whale"
817:
815:
604:Springer prepared for 13-hour journey
571:. For four weeks, she was given live
494:Prescott Grant and Orphaned Orca Fund
7:
1339:"Springer sticking close to new mom"
1316:"Orca 'doing amazingly well' in pod"
1282:from the original on April 26, 2012.
1054:"Group May Try to Move Baby Whale".
891:
889:
887:
439:adding citations to reliable sources
1451:Ocean Wise Conservation Association
775:"Waters of Home Welcome Springer".
1337:Andersen, Peggy (August 2, 2002).
271:Department of Fisheries and Oceans
269:and Helena Symonds of OrcaLab and
25:
1195:McClure, Robert (July 10, 2002).
985:"Tug of War Over Orphaned Orca".
937:Mapes, Lynda V. (June 14, 2007).
827:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
162:National Marine Fisheries Service
1428:"Meet the Whales: A24 Matriline"
1314:Stiffler, Lisa (July 15, 2002).
1093:Lavoie, Judith (July 13, 2007).
415:
1404:Morton, Brian (June 18, 2014).
1197:"Friday is moving day for orca"
872:Huffman, Alexa (14 July 2017).
426:needs additional citations for
1507:"Saving Springer: Orphan Orca"
897:"Springer continues to thrive"
1:
1445:Wilson, Sarah (Oct 4, 2021).
850:Drews, Kevin (July 8, 2013).
127:
78:
1278:. KOMO News. July 14, 2002.
752:List of individual cetaceans
1075:. KOMO News. March 13, 2002
301:Health and welfare concerns
1566:
1343:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1320:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1201:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1005:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
786:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
596:Return to Johnstone Strait
547:Capture and rehabilitation
231:
94:(A45) (mother) (1983–2001)
1391:KING 5 News (NBC Seattle)
1156:KOMO 4 News (ABC Seattle)
1056:KING 5 News (NBC Seattle)
987:KING 5 News (NBC Seattle)
806:KOMO 4 News (ABC Seattle)
180:Appearance in Puget Sound
35:
1509:, documentary from the
1099:Victoria Times Columnist
1550:Wildlife rehabilitation
1154:"Waiting on Springer".
273:(DFO) Canada biologist
18:Springer (killer whale)
1475:. Harbour Publishing.
1276:"Returned To The Wild"
965:BBC News World Edition
723:
708:
686:ABC World News Tonight
640:
605:
556:
519:
510:to get Springer home.
330:
297:
189:
166:Manchester, Washington
1175:"Springer swims free"
804:""We Are So Happy"".
721:
706:
638:
603:
554:
516:
403:that from happening.
327:
295:
187:
1416:on October 21, 2017.
435:improve this article
208:ferry dock south of
133:), officially named
1105:on November 7, 2012
32:
1432:Vancouver Aquarium
1373:. August 21, 2002.
856:The Canadian Press
724:
709:
641:
606:
557:
520:
407:Monitoring program
331:
298:
194:false killer whale
190:
114:(A116) (born 2017)
108:(A104) (born 2013)
1545:Wayward cetaceans
1482:978-1-55017-426-7
1298:The Vancouver Sun
949:on June 16, 2007.
901:Blackfish Sounder
631:Life in community
467:
466:
459:
200:near the town of
143:Northern Resident
121:
120:
60:Northern Resident
16:(Redirected from
1557:
1540:Individual orcas
1486:
1459:
1458:
1457:on Sep 28, 2023.
1453:. Archived from
1442:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1412:. Archived from
1401:
1395:
1394:
1386:
1375:
1374:
1369:"Family Found".
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1158:. July 12, 2002.
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1101:. Archived from
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1059:
1058:. March 6, 2002.
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989:. March 9, 2002.
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789:
788:. July 15, 2002.
780:
779:. July 14, 2002.
771:
767:
537:Alexandra Morton
472:The Whale Museum
462:
455:
451:
448:
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419:
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282:Johnstone Strait
248:British Columbia
244:Washington state
170:Johnstone Strait
147:Vancouver Island
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1465:Further reading
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1247:. Retrieved
1243:the original
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1200:
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1179:. Retrieved
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1128:
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1107:. Retrieved
1103:the original
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969:. Retrieved
964:
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947:the original
942:
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909:. Retrieved
904:
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831:. Retrieved
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737:Keiko (Orca)
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428:verification
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315:ketoacidosis
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241:
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196:in northern
191:
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137:, is a wild
134:
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55:Orcinus orca
53:
31:Springer A73
1109:January 26,
858:. Macleans.
747:Namu (Orca)
742:Luna (Orca)
653:transmitter
584:use of the
198:Puget Sound
155:vocal calls
131: 2000
82: 2000
1534:Categories
1249:2002-07-13
1206:2007-11-06
1181:2007-07-15
1079:2016-07-21
1011:2002-09-02
971:2007-07-15
911:2007-11-04
833:2007-11-06
758:References
699:Motherhood
651:Temporary
569:Manchester
482:March 13,
384:Free Willy
267:Paul Spong
256:dorsal fin
232:See also:
878:CHEK News
644:success.
447:July 2020
275:John Ford
202:La Conner
141:from the
99:Offspring
88:Parent(s)
1347:Archived
1324:Archived
1280:Archived
731:See also
124:Springer
484:KOMO-TV
372:in situ
218:KING-TV
210:Seattle
151:toddler
49:Species
1479:
1040:
907:. 2005
668:A5 pod
664:A4 Pod
578:pounds
573:salmon
529:Namgis
319:social
126:(born
106:Spirit
92:Sutlej
70:Female
561:Keiko
380:Keiko
355:Keiko
329:city.
308:touch
112:Storm
1511:NOAA
1477:ISBN
1111:2010
1038:ISBN
364:Namu
246:and
139:orca
75:Born
518:BC.
474:in
437:by
135:A73
67:Sex
1536::
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1379:^
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287:A4
128:c.
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