1196:, meaning one who dispossesses the true owner of the property. Although the elements of an adverse possession claim may be different in a number of states, adverse possession requires at a minimum five basic conditions being met to perfect the title of the disseisor. These are that the disseisor must openly occupy the property exclusively, in a manner that is open and notorious, continuously, and use it as if it were their own in a manner expected for the type of property. Some states impose additional requirements. Many of the states have enacted statutes regulating the rules of adverse possession. Some states require a hostility requirement to secure adverse possession. While most states take an objective approach to the hostility requirement, some states require a showing of good faith. Good faith means that claimants must demonstrate that they had some basis to believe that they actually owned the property at issue. Four states east of the Mississippi that require good faith in some form are Georgia, Illinois, New York, and Wisconsin.
1288:
years after the 2008 amendment, on 30 June 2016, the New York State
Appellate Division, First Department (i.e., the appellate court covering the territory of Manhattan) determined the legal questions concerning the scope of rights acquired by adverse possession and how the First Department would treat claims of adverse possession where title had vested prior to 2008. The Court specifically held that title to the adversely possessed property vested when the plaintiff "satisfie the requirement of the statute in effect at the relevant time." In other words, if title had vested at some time "after" the 2008 amendment, a plaintiff would have to satisfy the adverse possession standards amended by the New York State Legislature in 2008; however, if title vested at some time "before" the 2008 amendment, a plaintiff would have lawfully acquired title to the disputed area by satisfying the pre-amendment standard for adverse possession.
1452:
own period of land possession to that of a prior possessor to establish continuous adverse possession for the statutory period." There are three types of
Privity: Privity of Contract; Privity of Possession; and Privity of Estate. One of the three types of privity is required in order for one adverse possessor to "tack" their time onto another adverse possessor in order to complete the statutory time period. One way tacking occurs is when the conveyance of the property from one adverse possessor to another is founded upon a written document (usually an erroneous deed), indicating "color of title." A lawful owner may also restart the clock at zero by giving temporary permission for the occupation of the property, thus defeating the necessary "continuous and hostile" element. Evidence that a squatter paid rent to the owner would defeat adverse possession for that period.
1251:
1013:
contacts the registered title holder and notifies him of the application. If no proceedings are launched for two years to eject the adverse possessor, only then would the registrar transfer title. Prior to the Land
Registration Act 2002, a land owner could simply lose title without being aware of it or notified. This was the rule because it indicated the owner had never paid sufficient attention to how the land was in fact being used, and therefore the former owner did not deserve to keep it. Before 2002, time was seen to cure everything. The rule's function was to ensure land was used efficiently.
703:, if entitlement to possession of land was in dispute (originally only in what were known as real actions), the person claiming a right to possession was not allowed to allege that the land had come into their possession in the past (in older terminology that he had been 'put into seisin') at a time before the reign of Henry I. The law recognised a cutoff date going back into the past, before which date the law would not be interested. There was no requirement for a defendant to show any form of adverse possession. As time went on, the date was moved by statute—first to the reign of
54:
1712:"Adverse possession is a method of acquiring complete title to land as against all others, including the record owner, through certain acts over an uninterrupted period of time, as prescribed by statute". Gifis, Steven H. (1984) Barron's Law Dictionary, page 14; "An open, notorious, exclusive and adverse possession for twenty years operates to convey a complete title...not only an interest in the land...but complete dominion over it." Sir William Blackstone (1759) Commentaries on the Laws of England, Volume 2, page 418.
1212:, claim of title, or claim of right. Color of title and claim of title involve a legal document that appears (incorrectly) to give the disseisor title. In some jurisdictions the mere intent to take the land as one's own may constitute "claim of right", with no documentation required. Other cases have determined that a claim of right exists if the person believes they have rightful claim to the property, even if that belief is mistaken. A negative example would be a timber thief who sneaks onto a property, cuts
1311:
The Court clarified, "It is the encroachment on the land ... that allows title to pass to the adverse possessor." In other words, the plaintiff did not need to encroach upon all six stories in order to adversely possess the air rights above the land. The Court also held, "With title to land come air rights." In other words, by acquiring title to the land (i.e., ground floor area), the plaintiff also acquired ownership of the more valuable air rights that were derivative of title to the underlying land.
1448:
jurisdiction is twenty years and the squatter is removed after only 15 years, the squatter loses the benefit of that 15-year possession (i.e., the clock is reset at zero). If that squatter later retakes possession of the property, that squatter must, to acquire title, remain on the property for a full 20 years after the date on which the squatter retook possession. In this example, the squatter would have held the property for 35 years (the original 15 years plus the later 20 years) to acquire title.
711:. No further changes were made of this kind. By the reign of Henry VIII the fact that there had been no changes to the cutoff date had become very inconvenient. A new approach was taken whereby the person claiming possession had to show possession of the land for a continuous period, a certain number of years (60, 50 or 30 depending on the kind of claim made) before the date of the claim. Later statutes have shortened the limitation period in most common law jurisdictions.
1178:
4145:
3633:
653:
3659:
3741:
3646:
1133:
this application. This gives the landowner a statutory period of time (65 business days) to object to the adverse possession, object to the application on the ground that there has not actually been the necessary 10 years' adverse possession, and/or to serve a "counter-notice". If a counter-notice is served, then the application fails unless
640:, traditionally known as chattel, may also be adversely possessed, but owing to the differences in the nature of real and chattel property, the rules governing such claims are rather more stringent, and favour the legal owner rather than the adverse possessor. Claims for adverse possession of chattel often involve
1521:
The second theory is that adverse possession is "a useful method for curing minor title defects". For example, someone may have had the intention to sell all of a parcel of land but mistakenly excluded a portion of it on the title. Thus, adverse possession allows the purchaser of the land to maintain
1447:
As with any adverse possession claim, if a squatter abandons the property for a period, or if the rightful owner effectively removes the squatter's access even temporarily during the statutory period, or gives their permission, the "clock" usually stops. For example, if the required period in a given
1047:
to possess the land. Mr Powell lost his claim because simply letting his cows roam was an equivocal act: it was only later that there was evidence he intended to take possession, for instance by erecting signs on the land and parking a lorry. But this had not happened long enough for the 12-year time
1330:
to an entire parcel, their continuous and actual possession of a small part of that parcel will perfect their title to the entire parcel defined in their color of title. Thus a disseisor need not build a dwelling on, or farm on, every portion of a large tract in order to prove possession, as long as
1310:
at the time permitted the owner of the land to build (i.e., develop) up to six times the square footage of the ground floor area. For example, if the disputed area was 1,000 square feet, there would be 6,000 square feet of buildable square footage to potentially be won or lost by adverse possession.
1296:
are more valuable than the underlying land itself: (a) "where" (i.e., in three-dimensional physical space) is an encroachment required in order for such encroachment to have any relevant operative effect or consequences under the law of adverse possession, and (b) "what" property rights are acquired
1287:
amended and limited the ability of land to be acquired by adverse possession. Prior to the 2008 amendment, to acquire property by adverse possession, all that was required was a showing that the possession constituted an actual invasion of or infringement upon the owner's rights. Approximately eight
1132:
For registered land, adverse possession claims completed after 13 October 2003 follow a different procedure. Where land is registered, the adverse possessor may henceforth apply to be registered as owner after 10 years of adverse possession and the Land
Registry must give notice to the true owner of
1513:
The first is that it exists to cure potential or actual defects in real estate titles by putting a statute of limitations on possible litigation over ownership and possession. Because of the doctrine of adverse possession, a landowner can be secure in title to their land. Otherwise, long-lost heirs
1426:
and governs the right of a person to gain possession of immovable property (a home). Pursuant to Civil Code
Article 742, there are two ways that a squatter can gain possession of an immovable property: (1) peaceable and uninterrupted possession... for ten years in good faith and by just title; (2)
1354:
to avoid losing title to the tax collector. The effects of having a stranger to the title paying taxes on property may vary from one jurisdiction to another. (Many jurisdictions have accepted tax payment for the same parcel from two different parties without raising an objection or notifying either
1143:
the squatter has been in adverse possession of land adjacent to their own under the mistaken but reasonable belief that they are the owner of it, the exact line of the boundary with this adjacent land has not been determined and the estate to which the application relates was registered more than a
1012:
received royal assent on 26 February 2002. The rules for unregistered land remained as before. But under schedule 6 of the Land
Registration Act 2002, paragraphs 1 to 5, after 10 years the adverse possessor is entitled to apply to the registrar to become the new registered owner. The registrar then
620:
tradition, courts have long ruled that when someone occupies a piece of property without permission and the property's owner does not exercise their right to recover their property for a significant period of time, not only is the original owner prevented from exercising their right to exclude, but
1451:
Depending on the jurisdiction, one squatter may or may not pass along continuous possession to another squatter, known as "tacking". Tacking is defined as "The joining of consecutive periods of possession by different persons to treat the periods as one continuous period; esp., the adding of one's
1258:
declares that the crossing onto the private property is a revocable license (an agreement to use the property, not an invasion) to protect it from becoming a subject of an adverse possession. Some New York property owners go even further by actually closing their property to the public for one day
983:
owner. Provided the common law requirements of "possession" that was "adverse" were fulfilled, after 12 years, the owner would cease to be able to assert a claim. Different rules are in place for the limitation periods of adverse possession in unregistered land and registered land. However, in the
1435:
Most cases of adverse possession deal with boundary line disputes between two parties who hold clear title to their property. The term "squatter's rights" has no precise and fixed legal meaning. In some jurisdictions the term refers to temporary rights available to squatters that prevent them, in
1267:
on the property he has taken and the owner of the property could cause him to be evicted by an action in trespass ("ejectment") or by bringing an action for possession. All common law jurisdictions require that an ejectment action be brought within a specified time, after which the true owner is
1148:
Otherwise, the squatter becomes the registered proprietor according to the land registry. If the true owner is unable to evict the squatter in the two years following the first application, the squatter can apply again after this period and be successful despite the opposition of the owner. The
990:
In recent times the Land
Registry has made the process of claiming adverse possession and being awarded “title absolute” more difficult. Simply occupying or grazing the land will no longer justify the grant of title, instead the person in adverse possession must demonstrate commitment to own and
982:
had to be used within a time limit, so did an action to recover land. This promoted the finality of litigation and the certainty of claims. Time would start running when someone took exclusive possession of land, or part of it, and intended to possess it adversely to the interests of the current
629:
Although the elements of an adverse possession action are different in every jurisdiction, a person claiming adverse possession is usually required to prove non-permissive use of the property that is actual, open and notorious, exclusive, adverse and continuous for the statutory period. The
1240:
Dispossession of land owned by a governmental entity: Generally, a disseisor cannot dispossess land legally owned by a government entity even if all other elements of adverse possession are met. One exception is when the government entity is acting like a business rather than a government
1085:. In fact the land remained unused, Mr Pye did nothing, while the Grahams continued to retain a key to the property and used it as part of their farm. At the end of the limitation period, they claimed the land was theirs. They had in fact offered to buy a licence from Mr Pye, but the
681:, adopted as the basis of law in France, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain, and also, in part, by the Netherlands and Germany, adverse possession generally recognises two time periods for the acquisition of property: 30 years and some lesser time period, depending on the
676:
laws allowed someone who was in possession of a good without title to become the lawful proprietor if the original owner did not appear after some time (one or two years), unless the good was obtained illegally (by theft or force). Stemming from Roman law and its successor, the
1444:. In the United States, no ownership rights are created by mere possession, and a squatter may only take possession through adverse possession if the squatter can prove all elements of an adverse possession claim for the jurisdiction in which the property is located.
943:. Historically, if someone possessed land for long enough, it was thought that this in itself justified acquisition of a good title. This meant that while English land was continually conquered, pillaged, and stolen by various factions, lords or barons throughout the
625:
that specify the length of time that owners have to recover possession of their property from adverse possessors. In the United States, for example, these time limits vary widely between individual states, ranging from as low as three years to as long as 40 years.
1325:
Adverse possession extends only to the property actually possessed. If the original owner had a title to a greater area (or volume) of property, the disseisor does not obtain all of it. The exception to this is when the disseisor enters the land under a
1156:
Where a tenant adversely possesses land, there is a presumption that they are doing so in a way that will benefit the landlord at the end of their term. If the land does not belong to their landlord, the land will become part of both the tenancy and the
1032:, the time when adverse possession began was when "possession" was taken. This had to be more than something temporary or transitory, such as simply storing goods on a land for a brief period. But "possession" did not require actual occupation. So in
1305:
the defendant argued that the plaintiff had only acquired title to the underlying land, but not the air rights, because the plaintiff never encroached above the two-story building. This argument was motivated, in part, by the fact that the
1204:
In addition to the basic elements of an adverse possession case, state law may require one or more additional elements to be proved by a person claiming adverse possession. Depending upon the state, additional requirements may include:
1164:
Since
September 2012, squatting in a residential building is a criminal offence, but this does not prevent title being claimed by reason of adverse possession even if the claimant is committing a criminal offence. This was confirmed in
1525:
The third theory is that adverse possession encourages and rewards productive use of land. Essentially, "by vesting title in the industrious settler—rather than the absentee landowner—adverse possession promote rapid development".
1066:
sections 29 and 30, the adverse possessor must not have acknowledged the title of the owner in any express way, or the clock starts running again. However, the courts have interpreted this requirement flexibly.
1481:
means the old title holder's estate will be extinguished and a new one will be created for the successful squatter. This section also inserted an immediate power of entry to the premises into
Section 17 of the
1342:" of record in their name on some or all of the former owner's property. Such action will make it simpler to convey the interest to others in a definitive manner, and also serves as notice that there is a new
1137:
it would be unconscionable because of an equity by estoppel for the registered proprietor to seek to dispossess the squatter and the squatter ought in the circumstances to be registered as proprietor, or
728:('no time runs against the king'). In the United States, this privilege was carried over to the federal and state governments; government land is immune from loss by adverse possession. Land with
994:
Another significant limit on the principle, in the case of leases, is that adverse possession actions will only succeed against the leaseholder, and not the freeholder once the lease has expired.
4084:
1465:
1048:
limit on McFarlane's claim to have expired. As a result, proving intention to possess is likely to rely heavily on the factual matrix of the case and the squatters' factual possession. In
3697:
1216:
not visible from the road, and hauls the logs away at night. Their actions, though they demonstrate actual possession, also demonstrate knowledge of guilt, as opposed to claim of right.
1121:
For registered land, adverse possession claims completed before 13 October 2003 (the date the Land
Registration Act 2002 came into force) are governed by section 75(1) and 75(2) of the
621:
an entirely new title to the property "springs up" in the adverse possessor. In effect, the adverse possessor becomes the property's new owner. Over time, legislatures have created
1383:
Adverse possession may also apply to territorial rights. In the United States, Georgia lost an island in the Savannah River to South Carolina in 1990, when South Carolina had used
751:
in England or American state legislatures—generally create statutes of limitations that bar the owners from recovering the property after a certain number of years have passed.
1102:
780:
4130:
1529:
The fourth theory is that the adverse possessor places a high personal value on the land while the real title holder has effectively abandoned it, thus on principles of
1040:
roam into Mr McFarlane's land. The intruder must also show that they were dealing with the land as an occupying owner might have done, and that no one else had done so.
2849:"Adverse Possession for Intellectual Property: Adapting an Ancient Concept to Resolve Conflicts between Antitrust and Intellectual Property Laws in the Information Age"
2068:, that adverse possession should be incapable of infringing the ECHR's concept of the right to property precisely because the person deprived has given up "possession".
1081:, Mr and Mrs Graham had been let a part of Mr Pye's land, and then the lease had expired. Mr Pye refused to renew a lease, on the basis that this might disturb getting
1062:, Dillon LJ held that Mrs Buckler could not claim adverse possession over land owned by BP because BP had told her she could stay rent free for life. Fourth, under the
2281:
1082:
1125:. The limitation period remains the same (12 years) but instead of the original owner's title to the land being extinguished, the original owner holds the land on
2452:
2006:"Clowes Developments (UK) Ltd. v Walters & Ors | [2005] EWHC 669 (Ch) | England and Wales High Court (Chancery Division) | Judgment | Law | CaseMine"
3617:
1055:, the squatter cannot be found to have an intention to possess if they mistakenly believe that they are on the property with the permission of the title owner.
1093:, arguing that his business should receive ÂŁ10 million in compensation because it was a breach of his right to "peaceful enjoyment of possessions" under
3690:
1350:. Even if such action is not taken, the title is legally considered to belong to the new titleholder, with most of the benefits and duties, including paying
1089:
held that this did not amount to an acknowledgement of title that would deprive them of a claim. Having lost in the UK courts, Mr Pye took the case to the
4074:
3572:
1694:") and is by far the most common form of adverse possession. Some jurisdictions have additional differences between "squatting" and adverse possession.
950:
A more modern function has been that land which is disused or neglected by an owner may be converted into another's property if continual use is made.
2733:
1703:
As described in the various "Requirements" sections, a number of conditions must be met in order for the adverse possessor to actually acquire title.
859:
4184:
4148:
2429:
2399:
2318:
1086:
2499:
3683:
3078:
3587:
773:
564:
1468:(LASPO), the Court of Appeal has clarified that Section 144 will not bar a person who wants to claim adverse possession, based on the rule of
4174:
3810:
2977:
2924:
2823:
1483:
612:
In general, a property owner has the right to recover possession of their property from unauthorised possessors through legal action such as
138:
1237:, or just a contributing element to a court's determination of possession. Both payment by the disseisor and by the true owner are relevant.
3577:
1646:
1376:
registration system or similar, special rules apply. It may be that the land cannot be affected by adverse possession (as was the case in
1334:
In some jurisdictions, a person who has successfully obtained title to property by adverse possession may (optionally) bring an action in
1419:
1098:
966:, the previous owner's right of action to eject the "adverse possessor" would expire. The common legal justification was that under the
463:
1161:. If the land does belong to their landlord, it would seem that it will be gained by the tenant but only for the period of their term.
4100:
3602:
2421:
2391:
2310:
1612:
3400:
3083:
2579:
2467:
766:
1943:
873:
433:
3922:
1559:
1470:
1250:
939:
Adverse possession is one of the most contentious methods of acquiring property, albeit one that has played a huge role in the
3755:
3706:
3557:
3537:
3002:
1795:
1090:
347:
2596:
2670:
4179:
4064:
3663:
2548:"Bayshore Gardens Owners, Inc. v Meersand 2008 NY Slip Op 51770(U) [20 Misc 3d 1137(A)] Decided on 18 August 2008"
2173:
445:
1219:
Good faith (in a minority of states) or bad faith (sometimes called the "Maine Doctrine" although it is now abolished in
3567:
3511:
3116:
1077:
823:
809:
517:
412:
1860:
4189:
3516:
3506:
3073:
2473:
2158:
940:
724:
661:
418:
53:
31:
4169:
4079:
3173:
3063:
2648:
1930:
1926:
1641:
1490:
1284:
1122:
1022:
1009:
1003:
984:
959:
934:
908:
898:
557:
338:
224:
3121:
3018:
2970:
2609:
1564:
1542:
1400:
1129:
for the adverse possessor. The adverse possessor can then apply to be the new registered proprietor of the land.
847:
469:
330:
325:
158:
3902:
3033:
1058:
Third, possession is not considered "adverse" if the person is there with the owner's consent. For example, in
133:
1811:
4115:
3907:
3315:
3204:
3053:
622:
456:
320:
3892:
3415:
3375:
3141:
1606:
1106:
397:
366:
1050:
4069:
3937:
3927:
3790:
3476:
3456:
3430:
3420:
3380:
3248:
3209:
3111:
3068:
3058:
3043:
3023:
2257:
1441:
1396:
1298:
1094:
797:
688:
550:
438:
887:
4110:
3972:
3962:
3841:
3637:
3390:
3320:
3183:
3126:
3048:
3038:
3028:
2963:
1623:
975:
951:
691:
passed England's first general statute limiting the right to recover possession of land in 1623, the
667:
291:
2547:
2366:
1380:
from 1875 to 1926, and as is still the case in the state of Minnesota) or that special rules apply.
1361:
The process of adverse possession would require a thorough analysis if private property is taken by
4120:
3547:
3370:
3365:
3199:
3104:
3099:
2875:"Adverse Possession of Copyright: A Proposal to Complete Copyright's Unification with Property Law"
2848:
2341:
1914:
1667:
1569:
1478:
1063:
1029:
967:
836:
704:
692:
381:
252:
2914:
2707:
2190:
1982:
4105:
4038:
3800:
3785:
3649:
3597:
3471:
3425:
3405:
3219:
3161:
3136:
2874:
2030:
2005:
1522:
ownership of the parcel which they believed was theirs from the impressions given by the seller.
1404:
1392:
271:
128:
82:
1391:
to attach the island to its own shore. Since Georgia knew of this yet did nothing about it, the
3846:
3765:
3501:
3310:
3293:
3253:
3178:
3168:
3146:
3131:
2920:
2829:
2819:
2463:
1791:
1437:
1377:
1272:. The effect of a failure by the true landowner to evict the adverse possessor depends on the
1153:
without their knowledge, while ensuring squatters have a fair way of exercising their rights.
1150:
947:, those who could show they possessed land long enough would not have their title questioned.
737:
637:
214:
197:
123:
77:
4043:
3877:
3815:
3725:
3521:
3496:
3395:
3337:
3298:
3258:
2525:
2203:
1574:
979:
930:
919:
597:
589:
479:
450:
276:
219:
92:
2622:
3385:
3332:
2759:
2204:"Best v The Chief Land Registrar & Anor [2014] EWHC 1370 (Admin) (7 May 2014)"
1656:
1580:
1436:
some circumstances, from being removed from property without due process. For example, in
1346:, which may be a prerequisite to benefits such as equity loans or judicial standing as an
1158:
678:
407:
310:
207:
202:
2784:
2282:"Analyzing Adverse Possession Laws and Cases of the States East of the Mississippi River"
1021:
Before the considerable hurdle of giving a registered owner notice was introduced in the
2526:"Retrospective Application of the 2008 Amendments to New York's Adverse Possession Laws"
1541:
Some legal scholars have proposed the extension of the concept of adverse possession to
1474:, from relying on illegal squatting as an act demonstrating possession of the property.
4018:
3967:
3942:
3912:
3760:
3612:
3592:
3552:
3491:
3273:
3243:
2818:(Fourth ed.). Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academies Press. pp. 480–481.
1600:
1507:
1362:
1327:
1279:
In 2008, due to the volume of adverse possession and boundary dispute cases throughout
1209:
827:
719:
527:
423:
376:
176:
167:
143:
2900:
Merrill, Thomas W. (1985). "Property Rules, Liability Rules, and Adverse Possession".
2231:
2112:
Section 1 The Land Registration Act 2002 (Transitional Provisions) (No 2) Order 2003).
1292:
also resolved two often highly litigated issues in adverse possession cases where the
1177:
1025:, the particular requirements of adverse possession were reasonably straight forward.
714:
At traditional English common law, it was not possible to obtain title to property of
630:
possession by a person is not adverse during periods when they are in possession as a
4163:
3952:
3932:
3897:
3795:
3775:
3410:
3342:
3327:
3156:
2062:
Out with the Owners: The Eurasian Sequels to "J A Pye (Oxford) Ltd v. United Kingdom"
1733:
1691:
1546:
1373:
1280:
1255:
733:
593:
260:
87:
17:
2087:
1596:: acquisitive prescription ownership after defined period of unauthorized occupation
4023:
4008:
3998:
3977:
3947:
3805:
3582:
3481:
3466:
3440:
3263:
3229:
2734:"Adverse possession can be founded on acts of criminal trespass | LexisNexis Blogs"
1651:
1351:
1315:
1273:
1269:
1230:
813:
522:
286:
266:
243:
45:
1590:: unauthorized use of abandoned property with no implied ownership or right to use
3675:
1358:
Adverse possession does not typically work against property owned by the public.
1140:
the squatter is for some other reason entitled to be registered as proprietor, or
4028:
4003:
3917:
3887:
3872:
3730:
3607:
3461:
3283:
3278:
3151:
2986:
1518:
holder of centuries past could come forward with a legal claim on the property.
1493:
allows the successful adverse possessor to be registered as the new proprietor.
1384:
1339:
1307:
944:
758:
652:
641:
428:
402:
296:
234:
229:
192:
4125:
3993:
3882:
3856:
3562:
3435:
1593:
1530:
1423:
1335:
1293:
1234:
963:
748:
744:
700:
682:
617:
585:
540:
509:
489:
181:
108:
62:
2833:
4033:
3851:
3780:
3770:
1687:
1587:
1461:
1415:
1192:
1126:
1044:
971:
715:
708:
696:
613:
513:
474:
281:
2813:
2671:"Adverse possession – the reality behind 'squatter's rights' | Tozers LLP"
1407:(1787) explicitly specified that the river's islands belonged to Georgia.
747:
system of England and its historical colonies, local legislatures—such as
736:
systems is also immune, for example, land that has been registered in the
4013:
3542:
3486:
3288:
3214:
2997:
2919:. University Casebook Series (3rd ed.). St. Paul: Foundation Press.
1629:
1617:
1388:
1366:
1264:
672:
499:
371:
361:
186:
148:
1169:, where it was held that criminal and land law should be kept separate.
3957:
3825:
3820:
3720:
1427:
uninterrupted possession for thirty years without title or good faith.
1347:
1319:
955:
631:
601:
301:
153:
1464:" is a criminal offence in England and Wales under Section 144 of the
1036:, it was held to be "possession" when Mr Powell, from age 14, let his
3347:
1213:
2945:
2580:"Hudson Sq. Hotel, LLC v Stathis Enters., LLC 2016 NY Slip Op 05232"
2088:"Ofulue & Anor v Bossert [2009] UKHL 16 (11 March 2009)"
2065:
1365:, after which control is given to a private corporation (such as a
718:
by means of adverse possession. This principle was embodied by the
3303:
1418:, the only civil law state in the US, has a legal doctrine called
1249:
1220:
1181:
The number of years required for adverse possession in U.S. states
1105:
rejected this, holding that it was within a national government's
651:
2500:"Lever House Closes Once a Year to Maintain Its Ownership Rights"
656:"The Sumerian law code compared with Hammurabi", S. Langdon, 1920
3268:
1661:
1635:
1515:
1190:
The party seeking title by adverse possession may be called the
1109:
to determine the relevant property rules. The House of Lords in
1043:
The second requirement, however, was that there needed to be an
1037:
504:
356:
118:
3679:
2959:
762:
2955:
2174:"Criminalising squatting hurts the poor and benefits the rich"
536:
1769:
1767:
1276:, but will eventually result in title by adverse possession.
2708:"Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012"
2191:"Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012"
1956:
Explanatory Notes to the Land Registration Act 2002, para. 1
1933:
Sch 6, depending on when the limitation period is completed.
1533:
and efficiency it makes sense to allow the change in title.
861:
Wallis's Cayton Bay Holiday Camp Ltd v Shell-Mex and BP Ltd
685:
of the possessor and the location of the parties involved.
4085:
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
1466:
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
1149:
process effectively prevents the removal of a landowner's
987:
adverse possession of registered land became much harder.
958:, particularly in periods of economic decline. Before the
2342:"North American Oil Consol. v. Burnet, 286 US 417 (1932)"
1314:
In other jurisdictions, the disseisor acquires merely an
2460:
Neighbor law : fences, trees, boundaries, and noise
2367:"Dombkowski v. Ferland, 2006 ME 24, 893 A.2d 599 (2006)"
2940:
O Jones, 'Out with the Owners: The Eurasian Sequels to
1966:
Stake, J. E. "The Uneasy Case for Adverse Possession".
1584:("possession of the foot"): ownership by first occupier
1545:, in particular to reconcile intellectual property and
1331:
their title does correctly describe the entire parcel.
962:, if a person had possessed land for 12 years, then at
30:"Squatter's rights" redirects here. For the film, see
2847:
Bagley, Constance E.; Clarkson, Gavin (Spring 2003).
1259:
each year in order to prove their exclusive control.
4093:
4052:
3986:
3865:
3834:
3748:
3713:
3530:
3449:
3356:
3228:
3192:
3092:
3011:
2608:Georgia v. South Carolina, 497 U.S. 376 (1990) see
1028:First, under schedule 1, paragraphs 1 and 8 of the
2148:Schedule 6 Paragraph 2 Land Registration Act 2002.
2139:Schedule 6 Paragraph 1 Land Registration Act 2002.
596:)—may acquire legal ownership based on continuous
4131:Self-managed social centres in the United Kingdom
991:utilize the land to the exclusion of all others.
1301:(i.e., the land) vesting with the plaintiff. In
2697:TACKING, Black's Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014)
1664:: legal document defining interest or ownership
1638:: right of others to hold or sell to solve debt
2623:"Louisiana Laws - Louisiana State Legislature"
1233:. This may be required by statute, such as in
3691:
3618:List of housing markets by real estate prices
2971:
2422:"California Code of Civil Procedure § 325(b)"
774:
558:
8:
2913:Merrill, Thomas W.; Smith, Henry E. (2017).
1847:
1790:. St. Paul: West Publishing Co. p. 49.
1773:
1758:
1620:: acquired right to use but not own property
1549:or to unify copyright law and property law.
2807:
2805:
2649:"Adverse possession: Can you squat to own?"
1944:Fairweather v St Marylebone Property Co Ltd
1510:policies which justify adverse possession.
1318:title; the landowner is considered to be a
875:Fairweather v St Marylebone Property Co Ltd
4075:Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994
3698:
3684:
3676:
3658:
2978:
2964:
2956:
2392:"California Code of Civil Procedure § 325"
2311:"California Code of Civil Procedure § 323"
1144:year prior to the date of the application.
954:has been a way for land to be efficiently
781:
767:
759:
565:
551:
41:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2305:
2303:
2226:
2224:
2130:Section 75(2) Land Registration Act 1925.
2121:Section 75(1) Land Registration Act 1925.
974:. c. 16), just like a cause of action in
2785:"Land Registration Act 2002, Schedule 6"
2430:California Office of Legislative Counsel
2400:California Office of Legislative Counsel
2319:California Office of Legislative Counsel
1176:
600:of the property without the permission (
2942:J A Pye (Oxford) Ltd v. United Kingdom'
2856:Harvard Journal of Law & Technology
2453:"Easements Acquired by Use of Property"
2276:
2274:
1835:
1725:
1680:
1263:A disseisor will be committing a civil
588:under which a person who does not have
580:, sometimes colloquially described as "
487:
389:
346:
309:
242:
166:
100:
69:
44:
2462:(2nd ed.). Berkeley: Nolo Press.
1442:section 6 of the Criminal Law Act 1977
1226:Improvement, cultivation, or enclosure
1113:in 2009 confirmed this understanding.
2693:
2691:
2451:Jordan, Cora; Randolph, Mary (1994).
2060:The point has been made by O. Jones,
1903:Final Report on Limitation of Actions
1609:: acquisitive prescription law in USA
1484:Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984
1355:party that the other had also paid.)
592:to a piece of property—usually land (
139:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
7:
3645:
2498:Dunlap, David W. (30 October 2011).
1647:Possession is nine-tenths of the law
1489:Finally, schedule 6 (para 7) of the
2873:Arrett, Michael James (Fall 2005).
2584:New York State Law Reporting Bureau
1901:Law Reform Committee, 21st Report,
1888:, 66 F.Supp. 782 (D.C. Haw. 1944),
1322:of the property for the disseisor.
1297:as a result of title to the ground
1099:European Convention on Human Rights
4101:Homelessness in the United Kingdom
3603:Undergraduate real estate programs
2946:27 Civil Justice Quarterly 260–276
2902:Northwestern University Law Review
2426:California Legislative Information
2396:California Legislative Information
2315:California Legislative Information
2066:27 Civil Justice Quarterly 260–276
1613:Rights of way in England and Wales
1514:of any former owner, possessor or
1254:A metal plaque on the sidewalk of
824:Port of London Authority v Ashmore
25:
3401:Investment rating for real estate
2916:Property: Principles and Policies
2760:"Limitation Act 1980, Section 17"
2524:Mavidis, Andriana (Summer 2011).
2256:Larson, Aaron (17 January 2015).
1626:: highways & paths law in USA
1372:Where land is registered under a
911:Sch 6, paras 1-5, Sch 12, para 18
4144:
4143:
3739:
3657:
3644:
3632:
3631:
2647:Estrin, Michael (27 July 2012).
2172:Blake, Joseph (31 August 2012).
2159:Smirk v Lyndale Developments Ltd
1403:to South Carolina, although the
634:or licensee of the legal owner.
52:
4185:United States property case law
3923:Hounslow Community Land Project
2286:American Land Title Association
1560:Adverse possession in Australia
1053:v Walters and Others EWHC (Ch)
3756:Advisory Service for Squatters
3707:Squatting in England and Wales
3558:Graduate real estate education
3003:Tertiary sector of the economy
1788:Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed
1690:refers specifically to land ("
1506:Scholars have identified four
1091:European Court of Human Rights
1:
4065:Erection of Cottages Act 1588
2732:Bhatia, Joanna (8 May 2014).
2031:"BP Properties Ltd v Buckler"
1740:. Legal Information Institute
789:Sources on adverse possession
446:Lateral and subjacent support
4175:Common law legal terminology
3512:Real estate investment trust
3117:Extraterrestrial real estate
2812:Sprankling, John G. (2017).
1886:United States v. Fullard-Leo
1632:: for related adverse rights
1078:JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham
1051:Clowes Developments (UK) Ltd
810:JA Pye (Oxford) Ltd v Graham
413:Practicing without a license
3517:Real property administrator
3507:Real estate investment club
1905:(1977) Cmnd 6923, para 1.7.
1167:Best v Chief Land Registrar
1060:BP Properties Ltd v Buckler
848:BP Properties Ltd v Buckler
725:nullum tempus occurrit regi
707:, and then to the reign of
662:History of English land law
584:", is a legal principle in
4206:
4080:Land Registration Act 2002
3174:Private equity real estate
2879:Journal of Corporation Law
2815:Understanding property law
1931:Land Registration Act 2002
1927:Land Registration Act 1925
1867:. Hawaii State Legislature
1848:Merrill & Smith (2017)
1774:Merrill & Smith (2017)
1759:Merrill & Smith (2017)
1642:List of real estate topics
1491:Land Registration Act 2002
1285:New York State Legislature
1123:Land Registration Act 1925
1023:Land Registration Act 2002
1010:Land Registration Act 2002
1004:Land Registration Act 2002
1001:
998:Land Registration Act 2002
985:Land Registration Act 2002
960:Land Registration Act 2002
935:Land Registration Act 2002
928:
909:Land Registration Act 2002
899:Land Registration Act 1925
839:s 17, Sch 1, paras 1 and 8
659:
616:. However, in the English
339:Doctrine of worthier title
29:
4139:
3737:
3626:
3122:International real estate
2993:
2610:Georgia v. South Carolina
1565:Appropriation (economics)
1543:intellectual property law
916:
906:
896:
884:
870:
856:
844:
834:
820:
806:
794:
470:Conflict of property laws
326:Rule against perpetuities
3903:Bloomsbury Social Centre
2193:. The National Archives.
1786:Black, Henry T. (1979).
1440:reference is usually to
1422:, which is derived from
1420:acquisitive prescription
598:possession or occupation
4116:Principality of Sealand
3316:Real estate transaction
3205:Real estate development
2236:Encyclopedia Britannica
2051:(1988) 55 P&CR 337.
1995:(1979) 38 P&CR 352.
1970:. 2000–2001 (89): 2419.
1865:Hawaii Revised Statutes
1369:), and then abandoned.
1200:Additional requirements
1071:Human rights challenges
941:history of English land
623:statutes of limitations
321:Restraint on alienation
3416:Real estate derivative
3376:Effective gross income
3142:Healthcare real estate
2712:www.legislation.gov.uk
1968:Georgetown Law Journal
1861:"HI Rev Stat § 501-87"
1607:Preemption Act of 1841
1497:Theory and scholarship
1430:
1260:
1182:
1107:margin of appreciation
851:(1988) 55 P&CR 337
801:(1979) 38 P&CR 352
657:
604:) of its legal owner.
348:Nonpossessory interest
4070:Criminal Law Act 1977
3938:M11 link road protest
3928:Kew Bridge Ecovillage
3791:London Street Commune
3573:Industry trade groups
3477:Exclusive buyer agent
3431:Real estate valuation
3421:Real estate economics
3381:Gross rent multiplier
3210:Real estate investing
3112:Corporate Real Estate
2908:(5 & 6): 1122–54.
2789:ww.legislation.gov.uk
2764:ww.legislation.gov.uk
2530:St. John's Law Review
1537:Copyright scholarship
1397:original jurisdiction
1253:
1180:
1095:Protocol 1, article 1
655:
297:Action to quiet title
18:Squatter's right
4180:English property law
4111:Occupation (protest)
3963:Spike Surplus Scheme
3391:Highest and best use
3357:Economics, financing
3321:Real estate contract
3215:Real estate flipping
3184:Residential property
3127:Lease administration
3079:United Arab Emirates
2738:www.lexisnexis.co.uk
2258:"Adverse Possession"
2232:"Adverse possession"
1892:331 U.S. 256 (1947).
1734:"Adverse possession"
1624:Revised statute 2477
952:Squatting in England
292:Equitable conversion
27:Property law concept
4121:Reclaim the Streets
3371:Capitalization rate
3366:Asset-based lending
3200:Property management
3105:Commercial building
3100:Commercial property
1915:Limitation Act 1980
1668:Adverse abandonment
1570:Informal settlement
1479:Limitation Act 1980
1303:Hudson Square Hotel
1290:Hudson Square Hotel
1101:. The court in its
1083:planning permission
1064:Limitation Act 1980
1030:Limitation Act 1980
968:Limitation Act 1623
837:Limitation Act 1980
693:Limitation Act 1623
434:prior appropriation
382:Equitable servitude
4190:Time in government
4106:New Age Travellers
4060:Adverse possession
4039:Heathcote Williams
3801:Really Free School
3786:Justice Not Crisis
3598:Real estate trends
3502:Real estate broker
3472:Chartered Surveyor
3426:Real estate bubble
3406:Mortgage insurance
3239:Adverse possession
3162:Luxury real estate
3137:Garden real estate
2597:Minn. Stat. 508.02
2504:The New York Times
1986:(1879) 5 Ex D 264.
1477:Section 17 of the
1405:Treaty of Beaufort
1393:U.S. Supreme Court
1261:
1183:
1034:Powell v McFarlane
798:Powell v McFarlane
658:
578:Adverse possession
464:Quicquid plantatur
272:Deeds registration
114:Adverse possession
83:Community property
4170:Real property law
4157:
4156:
3987:Notable squatters
3847:Bonnington Square
3766:Exodus Collective
3673:
3672:
3311:Property abstract
3294:Land registration
3254:Concurrent estate
3179:Real estate owned
3169:Off-plan property
3147:Vacation property
3132:Niche real estate
2926:978-1-62810-102-7
2825:978-1-5221-0557-2
1456:England and Wales
1438:England and Wales
1431:Squatter's rights
1401:granted this land
1399:in such matters)
1378:England and Wales
1151:right to property
926:
925:
755:England and Wales
738:Hawaii Land Court
638:Personal property
582:squatter's rights
575:
574:
215:Concurrent estate
198:Defeasible estate
78:Personal property
33:Squatter's Rights
16:(Redirected from
4197:
4147:
4146:
4044:Christian Wolmar
3878:102 Eaton Square
3835:Legalized squats
3816:The Land is Ours
3743:
3742:
3726:Right to housing
3700:
3693:
3686:
3677:
3661:
3660:
3648:
3647:
3635:
3634:
3578:Investment firms
3497:Property manager
3396:Home equity loan
3299:Leasehold estate
3259:Conditional sale
2980:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2930:
2909:
2887:
2886:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2853:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2809:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2718:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2675:www.tozers.co.uk
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2627:www.legis.la.gov
2619:
2613:
2606:
2600:
2594:
2588:
2587:
2576:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2544:
2538:
2537:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2479:on 18 March 2015
2478:
2472:. Archived from
2457:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2388:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2295:
2293:
2278:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2228:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2149:
2146:
2140:
2137:
2131:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2069:
2058:
2052:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2010:www.casemine.com
2002:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1963:
1957:
1954:
1948:
1940:
1934:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1883:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1730:
1713:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1685:
1575:Title (property)
1268:assumed to have
1111:Ofulue v Bossert
931:English land law
920:English land law
888:Ofulue v Bossert
876:
862:
783:
776:
769:
760:
730:registered title
567:
560:
553:
534:Higher category:
480:Security deposit
277:Estoppel by deed
220:Leasehold estate
93:Unowned property
56:
42:
21:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4135:
4089:
4053:Legal framework
4048:
3982:
3861:
3830:
3749:Squatter groups
3744:
3740:
3735:
3709:
3704:
3674:
3669:
3622:
3526:
3445:
3386:Hard money loan
3358:
3352:
3333:Rent regulation
3224:
3188:
3088:
3007:
2989:
2984:
2954:
2937:
2935:Further reading
2927:
2912:
2899:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2872:
2871:
2867:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2826:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2766:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2743:
2741:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2716:
2714:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2607:
2603:
2595:
2591:
2586:. 30 June 2016.
2578:
2577:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2536:(3): 1057–1103.
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2470:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2390:
2389:
2385:
2375:
2373:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2350:
2348:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2324:
2322:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2291:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2272:
2262:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2240:
2238:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2212:
2210:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2189:
2185:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2097:
2095:
2086:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2072:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2046:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1979:
1975:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1900:
1896:
1884:
1880:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1838:, p. 1128.
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1785:
1784:
1780:
1772:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1657:Property rights
1581:Pedis possessio
1555:
1539:
1504:
1499:
1458:
1433:
1413:
1344:owner of record
1248:
1202:
1188:
1175:
1119:
1073:
1019:
1006:
1000:
937:
929:Main articles:
927:
922:
912:
902:
892:
880:
874:
866:
860:
852:
840:
830:
816:
802:
790:
787:
757:
679:Napoleonic Code
664:
650:
610:
571:
532:
419:Property rights
417:
265:
203:Future interest
191:
168:Estates in land
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4203:
4201:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4162:
4161:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4097:
4095:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4019:Harry Hallowes
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3968:St Agnes Place
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3943:Matilda Centre
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3913:Centro Iberico
3910:
3908:Cardboard City
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3761:Da! collective
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3715:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3702:
3695:
3688:
3680:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3664:List of topics
3654:
3641:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3613:Urban planning
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3593:Property cycle
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3553:Gentrification
3550:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3492:Moving company
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3453:
3451:
3447:
3446:
3444:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3313:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3274:Eminent domain
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3244:Chain of title
3241:
3235:
3233:
3232:and regulation
3226:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3084:United Kingdom
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2953:
2952:External links
2950:
2949:
2948:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2925:
2910:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2865:
2839:
2824:
2801:
2776:
2751:
2724:
2699:
2687:
2662:
2639:
2614:
2601:
2589:
2564:
2552:Google Scholar
2539:
2516:
2490:
2468:
2443:
2413:
2383:
2371:Google Scholar
2358:
2346:Google Scholar
2332:
2299:
2288:. 1 March 2016
2270:
2248:
2220:
2208:www.bailii.org
2195:
2183:
2164:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2123:
2114:
2105:
2094:. Paragraph 68
2092:www.bailii.org
2079:
2070:
2053:
2044:
2022:
1997:
1988:
1973:
1958:
1949:
1935:
1919:
1907:
1894:
1878:
1852:
1850:, p. 174.
1840:
1836:Merrill (1985)
1828:
1816:global.oup.com
1812:"Introduction"
1803:
1796:
1778:
1776:, p. 170.
1763:
1761:, p. 161.
1751:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1705:
1696:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1665:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1601:Uti possidetis
1597:
1591:
1585:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1538:
1535:
1503:
1502:Utilitarianism
1500:
1498:
1495:
1471:ex turpi causa
1457:
1454:
1432:
1429:
1412:
1409:
1363:eminent domain
1352:property taxes
1328:color of title
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1231:property taxes
1227:
1224:
1217:
1210:Color of title
1201:
1198:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1118:
1115:
1087:House of Lords
1072:
1069:
1018:
1015:
1002:Main article:
999:
996:
924:
923:
917:
914:
913:
907:
904:
903:
897:
894:
893:
885:
882:
881:
871:
868:
867:
857:
854:
853:
845:
842:
841:
835:
832:
831:
821:
818:
817:
807:
804:
803:
795:
792:
791:
788:
786:
785:
778:
771:
763:
756:
753:
649:
646:
609:
606:
573:
572:
570:
569:
562:
555:
547:
544:
543:
531:
530:
525:
520:
507:
502:
494:
493:
485:
484:
483:
482:
477:
472:
467:
460:
453:
448:
443:
442:
441:
436:
426:
424:Mineral rights
421:
415:
410:
405:
400:
392:
391:
390:Related topics
387:
386:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
351:
350:
344:
343:
342:
341:
336:
333:Shelley's Case
328:
323:
315:
314:
307:
306:
305:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
282:Quitclaim deed
279:
274:
269:
263:
258:
247:
246:
240:
239:
238:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
211:
210:
200:
195:
189:
184:
179:
177:Allodial title
171:
170:
164:
163:
162:
161:
156:
151:
146:
144:Treasure trove
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
111:
103:
102:
98:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
80:
72:
71:
67:
66:
58:
57:
49:
48:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4202:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4142:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:Linked topics
4092:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3953:Oval Mansions
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3933:Lyndhurst Way
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3898:Bank of Ideas
3896:
3894:
3893:Argyle Street
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3866:Former squats
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Occupy London
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3776:Grow Heathrow
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3708:
3701:
3696:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3678:
3666:
3665:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3452:
3448:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3411:Mortgage loan
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:and valuation
3355:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3343:Torrens title
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Real property
3326:
3322:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Golf property
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2885:(1): 187–202.
2884:
2880:
2876:
2869:
2866:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2790:
2786:
2780:
2777:
2765:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2739:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2713:
2709:
2703:
2700:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2650:
2643:
2640:
2628:
2624:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2593:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2553:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2475:
2471:
2469:9780873372664
2465:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2432:. 9 July 2010
2431:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2414:
2402:. 9 July 2010
2401:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2347:
2343:
2336:
2333:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2259:
2252:
2249:
2237:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2209:
2205:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2154:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2093:
2089:
2083:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2045:
2032:
2026:
2023:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1953:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1920:
1917:ss 15 and 17.
1916:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1817:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1799:
1793:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1752:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1726:
1719:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1697:
1693:
1692:real property
1689:
1684:
1681:
1674:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1547:antitrust law
1544:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1374:Torrens title
1370:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1281:New York City
1277:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1257:
1256:New York City
1252:
1245:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1185:
1179:
1173:United States
1172:
1170:
1168:
1162:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1124:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:Grand Chamber
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1046:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1005:
997:
995:
992:
988:
986:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
948:
946:
942:
936:
932:
921:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
889:
883:
878:
877:
869:
864:
863:
855:
850:
849:
843:
838:
833:
829:
826:
825:
819:
815:
812:
811:
805:
800:
799:
793:
784:
779:
777:
772:
770:
765:
764:
761:
754:
752:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
734:Torrens title
731:
727:
726:
721:
717:
712:
710:
706:
702:
699:. c. 16). At
698:
694:
690:
686:
684:
680:
675:
674:
669:
663:
654:
647:
645:
643:
639:
635:
633:
627:
624:
619:
615:
607:
605:
603:
599:
595:
594:real property
591:
587:
583:
579:
568:
563:
561:
556:
554:
549:
548:
546:
545:
542:
538:
535:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
497:
496:
495:
491:
486:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
465:
461:
459:
458:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
440:
437:
435:
432:
431:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
395:
394:
393:
388:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
354:
353:
352:
349:
345:
340:
337:
335:
334:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
318:
317:
316:
312:
308:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
264:
262:
261:Torrens title
259:
257:
255:
251:
250:
249:
248:
245:
241:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
209:
206:
205:
204:
201:
199:
196:
194:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
174:
173:
172:
169:
165:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:
99:
94:
91:
89:
88:Real property
86:
84:
81:
79:
76:
75:
74:
73:
68:
64:
60:
59:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
34:
19:
4059:
4024:Olive Morris
4009:Piers Corbyn
3999:Baron Bassam
3978:Titnore Wood
3973:Sutton House
3948:Medina House
3806:Spiral Tribe
3662:
3650:
3636:
3583:Land banking
3482:Land banking
3467:Buyer broker
3441:Rental value
3264:Conveyancing
3238:
3074:Saudi Arabia
2941:
2915:
2905:
2901:
2882:
2878:
2868:
2859:
2855:
2842:
2814:
2792:. Retrieved
2788:
2779:
2767:. Retrieved
2763:
2754:
2742:. Retrieved
2740:. LexisNexis
2737:
2727:
2715:. Retrieved
2711:
2702:
2678:. Retrieved
2674:
2665:
2655:29 September
2653:. Retrieved
2642:
2630:. Retrieved
2626:
2617:
2604:
2592:
2583:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2509:29 September
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2474:the original
2459:
2446:
2436:29 September
2434:. Retrieved
2425:
2416:
2406:29 September
2404:. Retrieved
2395:
2386:
2376:29 September
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2351:29 September
2349:. Retrieved
2345:
2335:
2325:29 September
2323:. Retrieved
2314:
2290:. Retrieved
2285:
2263:29 September
2261:. Retrieved
2251:
2241:29 September
2239:. Retrieved
2235:
2211:. Retrieved
2207:
2198:
2186:
2178:The Guardian
2177:
2167:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2096:. Retrieved
2091:
2082:
2077:1 EHRLR 132.
2073:
2061:
2056:
2047:
2034:. Retrieved
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
2000:
1991:
1983:Leigh v Jack
1981:
1976:
1967:
1961:
1952:
1942:
1938:
1922:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1871:29 September
1869:. Retrieved
1864:
1855:
1843:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1815:
1806:
1787:
1781:
1754:
1744:29 September
1742:. Retrieved
1737:
1728:
1708:
1699:
1683:
1652:Property law
1599:
1579:
1540:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1512:
1505:
1488:
1476:
1469:
1459:
1450:
1446:
1434:
1414:
1382:
1371:
1360:
1357:
1343:
1333:
1324:
1313:
1302:
1289:
1278:
1274:jurisdiction
1262:
1246:Consequences
1203:
1191:
1189:
1186:Requirements
1166:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1131:
1120:
1110:
1076:
1074:
1059:
1057:
1049:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1017:Requirements
1007:
993:
989:
949:
938:
886:
872:
858:
846:
822:
808:
796:
742:
729:
723:
713:
687:
671:
665:
642:works of art
636:
628:
611:
581:
577:
576:
533:
523:Criminal law
500:Contract law
462:
455:
429:Water rights
332:
267:Strata title
253:
244:Conveyancing
225:Condominiums
113:
61:Part of the
46:Property law
39:
32:
4029:Jim Radford
4004:Chumbawamba
3918:City Racing
3888:491 Gallery
3873:12 Bar Club
3608:Urban decay
3462:Buyer agent
3284:Foreclosure
3279:Encumbrance
3152:Arable land
3064:Puerto Rico
3012:By location
2987:Real estate
2894:Works cited
2744:17 November
2632:15 November
2339:See, e.g.,
1508:utilitarian
1395:(which has
1340:quiet title
1308:zoning laws
1229:Payment of
945:Middle Ages
828:EWCA Civ 30
608:Description
590:legal title
235:Land tenure
230:Real estate
193:Life estate
101:Acquisition
4164:Categories
4126:Romanichal
3994:The 101ers
3883:121 Centre
3857:Villa Road
3714:Influences
3563:Green belt
3436:Remortgage
3220:Relocation
3019:Bangladesh
2651:. BankRate
2292:22 January
2213:3 February
2098:3 February
2015:27 January
1797:0829920455
1594:Usucaption
1531:personhood
1460:Although "
1424:French law
1336:land court
1299:floor area
1294:air rights
1270:acquiesced
1235:California
964:common law
749:Parliament
745:common law
701:common law
689:Parliament
683:bona fides
660:See also:
618:common law
586:common law
541:Common law
490:common law
451:Assignment
311:Future use
182:Fee simple
159:Alienation
63:common law
4034:Sid Rawle
3852:Frestonia
3771:Focus E15
3548:Filtering
3538:Companies
3457:Appraiser
3338:Severance
3034:Indonesia
2834:960940360
2162:3 WLR 91.
1720:Citations
1688:Squatting
1588:Squatting
1462:squatting
1416:Louisiana
1411:Louisiana
1316:equitable
1193:disseisor
1159:reversion
1045:intention
972:21 Jas. 1
716:the Crown
709:Richard I
697:21 Jas. 1
668:Roman law
614:ejectment
475:Blackacre
408:Partition
256:purchaser
254:Bona fide
208:remainder
134:Accession
129:Discovery
4149:Category
4014:Ian Dury
3781:Justice?
3731:TĹ· unnos
3638:Category
3543:Eviction
3487:Landlord
3289:Land law
3054:Pakistan
2998:Property
2680:16 April
1929:s 75 or
1890:affirmed
1630:Easement
1618:Usufruct
1553:See also
1389:dredging
1367:railroad
1265:trespass
976:contract
956:utilised
891:1 AC 990
740:system.
732:in some
705:Henry II
673:usucapio
528:Evidence
505:Tort law
457:Nemo dat
439:riparian
398:Fixtures
377:Covenant
372:Usufruct
362:Easement
331:Rule in
287:Mortgage
187:Fee tail
149:Bailment
124:Conquest
3958:rampART
3826:!Wowow!
3821:WOMBLES
3721:Diggers
3651:Commons
3568:Indices
3450:Parties
3249:Closing
3193:Sectors
2944:(2008)
2717:1 April
2557:20 June
2483:26 July
2064:(2008)
1947:AC 510.
1821:26 July
1348:abutter
1320:trustee
1241:entity.
1097:of the
865:1 QB 94
814:UKHL 30
743:In the
648:History
602:licence
518:estates
313:control
302:Escheat
154:License
3811:SQUASH
3656:
3643:
3630:
3588:People
3522:Tenant
3348:Zoning
3069:Russia
3059:Panama
3044:Turkey
3024:Canada
2923:
2832:
2822:
2794:27 May
2769:27 May
2466:
2321:. 1872
2036:27 May
1794:
1283:, the
1214:timber
1117:Timing
879:AC 510
722:maxim
632:tenant
514:trusts
488:Other
367:Profit
65:series
35:(film)
3531:Other
3304:Lease
3093:Types
3049:Kenya
3039:Italy
3029:China
2852:(PDF)
2477:(PDF)
2456:(PDF)
1980:e.g.
1675:Notes
1387:from
1221:Maine
1127:trust
720:Latin
510:Wills
492:areas
403:Waste
70:Types
3842:BASE
3269:Deed
2921:ISBN
2862:(2).
2830:OCLC
2820:ISBN
2796:2021
2771:2021
2746:2023
2719:2018
2682:2021
2657:2017
2634:2023
2559:2017
2511:2017
2485:2014
2464:ISBN
2438:2017
2408:2017
2378:2017
2353:2017
2327:2017
2294:2018
2265:2017
2243:2017
2215:2021
2100:2021
2038:2021
2017:2024
1873:2017
1823:2023
1792:ISBN
1746:2017
1662:Deed
1636:Lien
1516:lien
1385:fill
1338:to "
1038:cows
1008:The
980:tort
933:and
918:see
901:s 75
539:and
516:and
357:Lien
119:Deed
109:Gift
3230:Law
1738:Wex
1075:In
978:or
666:In
537:Law
4166::
2906:79
2904:.
2883:31
2881:.
2877:.
2860:16
2858:.
2854:.
2828:.
2804:^
2787:.
2762:.
2736:.
2710:.
2690:^
2673:.
2625:.
2582:.
2567:^
2550:.
2534:85
2532:.
2528:.
2502:.
2458:.
2428:.
2424:.
2398:.
2394:.
2369:.
2344:.
2317:.
2313:.
2302:^
2284:.
2273:^
2234:.
2223:^
2206:.
2176:.
2090:.
2008:.
1863:.
1814:.
1766:^
1736:.
1486:.
670:,
644:.
512:,
3699:e
3692:t
3685:v
2979:e
2972:t
2965:v
2929:.
2836:.
2798:.
2773:.
2748:.
2721:.
2684:.
2659:.
2636:.
2612:.
2599:.
2561:.
2513:.
2487:.
2440:.
2410:.
2380:.
2355:.
2329:.
2296:.
2267:.
2245:.
2217:.
2180:.
2102:.
2042:.
2040:.
2019:.
1875:.
1825:.
1800:.
1748:.
1223:)
970:(
782:e
775:t
768:v
695:(
566:e
559:t
552:v
37:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
