22:
2209:
107:. In that case, there was no judicial order and no notice had been given. Minister of Engineering Affairs Doctor Bannaga commented "We do not specify the date because if we do They'll be organized and make an organized opposition". The forcible resettlement plans were condemned by the United States and other international donors. At
103:) targeted squatters. Evictions were mandated in 1990 by Decree 941 (Approval of Some Procedures to Contain Squatter Settlement) and an amendment to the Civil Transactions Act. The evictions sometimes resulted in violent episodes, such as in October 1994, when at least eleven people were killed in protests at Khoder in
135:
and
Omdurman. This total of 1.9 million people included 800,000 displaced by war in the south of the country and 350,000 displaced by drought in the western region. In the same year, the government announced it had demolished 90 per cent of the informal settlements and forcibly resettled people into
119:
estimated 400,000 people had been evicted and moved into camps lacking sanitation and markets. In the newly created Al Salaam camp there were over 80,000 people. The Angola informal settlement was demolished but many of its 50,000 inhabitants simply returned and rebuilt their shacks.
40:
from the 1920s onwards, swelling in the 1960s. By the 1980s, the government was clearing settlements in
Khartoum and regularizing them elsewhere. It was estimated that in 2015 that were 200,000 squatters in Khartoum, 180,000 in
155:. Squatter settlements were defined as the "acquisition and construction of land, within the city boundaries for the purpose of housing in contradiction to Urban Planning and Land laws and building regulations."
131:, squatter settlements have been regularized, a process which can take years. In 1995, it was estimated that squatters formed 40 per cent of the population of Greater Khartoum, which is composed of Khartoum,
32:
is defined as the "acquisition and construction of land, within the city boundaries for the purpose of housing in contradiction to Urban
Planning and Land laws and building regulations." These
475:; Margie Buchanan-Smith; Victoria Metcalfe; Sara Pavanello; Ellen Martin (2011). City limits: urbanisation and vulnerability in Sudan (Report). Overseas Development Institute. p. 7.
1792:
815:
672:
96:
136:
camps. Six squatters were hanged in 2010 as punishment for their part in the deaths of thirteen police officers during an eviction five years before in Soba Aradi, Khartoum.
1968:
389:
692:
712:
83:
began to demolish squatter settlements in
Khartoum. Displaced people and squatters were viewed with suspicion by the authorities following a failed insurrection led by
355:
495:
805:
570:
275:
1347:
1081:
420:
191:
1857:
810:
785:
535:
727:
1872:
349:
311:
269:
230:
1576:
1066:
702:
657:
450:
76:
when migrants from rural areas arrived in the 1920s. In the early 1960s, migration was increasing and there were around 50,000 squatters.
1897:
1418:
2003:
1218:
662:
612:
236:
1847:
1456:
707:
585:
381:
1511:
1071:
682:
642:
605:
722:
697:
667:
652:
637:
627:
622:
92:
1837:
1787:
1736:
1516:
1290:
317:
2233:
1827:
1812:
1867:
1676:
1646:
1621:
1061:
632:
565:
1155:
1011:
1124:
1026:
687:
528:
487:
21:
2073:
820:
647:
832:
2024:
1892:
1666:
1556:
1471:
790:
617:
341:
Foreign
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations for 1993: Secretary of the Treasury
2124:
2066:
1581:
1501:
1476:
1411:
1265:
1213:
1196:
1076:
970:
840:
770:
2038:
1751:
1686:
1466:
1461:
1325:
996:
912:
795:
717:
412:
180:
1802:
1782:
1766:
1711:
1696:
1671:
1656:
1636:
1596:
1551:
1536:
1491:
1295:
1235:
1203:
1117:
1056:
1051:
1031:
1006:
765:
521:
1961:
1150:
1260:
2149:
2017:
2010:
1919:
1852:
1746:
1741:
1726:
1716:
1651:
1626:
1611:
1606:
1591:
1571:
1521:
1506:
1446:
1441:
1352:
1300:
1107:
1035:
845:
600:
69:
33:
760:
2052:
1982:
1882:
1730:
1721:
1706:
1661:
1631:
1601:
1541:
1486:
1481:
1451:
1332:
1045:
1016:
2212:
2114:
2104:
2059:
2045:
1877:
1822:
1701:
1681:
1616:
1586:
1546:
1531:
1496:
1404:
1230:
1208:
1160:
1021:
965:
775:
743:
2159:
442:
139:
Government analysis suggested in 2015 that there were 200,000 squatters in
Khartoum, 180,000 in
2154:
2087:
1807:
1641:
1566:
1561:
1526:
1310:
1245:
1240:
1191:
1186:
1041:
984:
780:
345:
307:
265:
226:
2080:
1989:
1933:
1887:
1862:
1376:
1282:
1250:
1174:
1112:
1095:
1001:
952:
922:
872:
755:
580:
575:
553:
2179:
2031:
1817:
1756:
1315:
1305:
1225:
1137:
877:
859:
800:
472:
1954:
1947:
1902:
1385:
1357:
1342:
1337:
1272:
1142:
1129:
937:
907:
897:
882:
132:
100:
88:
80:
18:
The occupation of unused land or derelict buildings without the permission of the owner
2227:
2194:
1996:
1320:
947:
917:
892:
677:
595:
590:
261:
Sudan's
Invisible Citizens: The Policy of Abuse Against Displaced People in the North
2189:
2164:
2144:
2109:
1940:
1926:
1842:
932:
927:
902:
867:
140:
124:
108:
84:
42:
339:
301:
259:
220:
2169:
1832:
942:
887:
115:
23,000. In 1992, the United States Agency for
International Development and the
152:
148:
128:
112:
54:
50:
2184:
2134:
2119:
1427:
104:
73:
66:
37:
1975:
1797:
1761:
144:
46:
2129:
116:
544:
20:
513:
2174:
2139:
1400:
517:
1396:
181:"Tackling Squatter Settlements in Sudanese Cities (SSISC)"
488:"Sudan Hangs 6 Squatters for Killing 13 Riot Policemen"
344:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1992. p. 293.
1793:
Association of
Community Organizations for Reform Now
97:
Revolutionary
Command Council for National Salvation
2097:
1911:
1775:
1434:
1281:
1173:
1094:
983:
858:
831:
742:
552:
413:"For Sudan's Squatters, Life Is Battle for Shelter"
303:Behind the Red Line: Political Repression in Sudan
382:"Sudan Is Undeterred in Drive to Expel Squatters"
1412:
529:
8:
111:around 72,000 squatters were evicted and at
123:Elsewhere in the country in cities such as
1419:
1405:
1397:
1179:
1100:
989:
855:
828:
748:
558:
536:
522:
514:
214:
212:
188:High Level Symposium on Sustainable Cities
693:Conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile
306:. Human Rights Watch. pp. 254–264.
1858:Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca
375:
373:
174:
172:
170:
168:
164:
443:"Sudan Govt., Squatters Clash – Sudan"
258:African Rights (Organization) (1995).
392:from the original on 2 September 2020
295:
293:
79:In the late 1980s, the government of
7:
703:Second Transitional Military Council
1898:Western Cape Anti-Eviction Campaign
658:First Transitional Military Council
1873:Squatters' Action for Secure Homes
498:from the original on 28 March 2021
453:from the original on 28 March 2021
423:from the original on 28 March 2021
358:from the original on 28 March 2021
320:from the original on 28 March 2021
278:from the original on 28 March 2021
239:from the original on 28 March 2021
197:from the original on 18 March 2021
14:
1848:Ontario Coalition Against Poverty
713:2019–2021 transition to democracy
2208:
2207:
708:Transitional Sovereignty Council
486:Staff writer (13 January 2010).
411:Labelle, G. G. (16 June 1996).
380:Miller, Judith (9 March 1992).
1838:National Union of the Homeless
1788:Advisory Service for Squatters
264:. African Rights. p. 27.
222:Sudan: Conflict and Minorities
117:United Nations Children's Fund
99:(a military government led by
1:
1868:Revolutionary Housing League
2004:No Land! No House! No Vote!
91:people in 1985. After the
2250:
1828:Landless Workers' Movement
1813:Homeless Workers' Movement
571:Pre-independence governors
2203:
2074:The Strategy of the Snail
1370:
1182:
1103:
992:
751:
601:Anglo-Egyptian occupation
561:
225:. Minority Rights Group.
93:1989 Sudanese coup d'état
2025:Squatting the real story
179:Gamie, Sumaia Omer Moh.
2067:The Silverado Squatters
643:National Reconciliation
2039:The Cambridge Squatter
683:United Nations Mission
219:Verney, Peter (1995).
26:
1803:Eurodusnie Collective
1783:Abahlali baseMjondolo
1057:Native administration
663:Coalitions/Bashir Era
576:Pre and early history
300:Rone, Jemera (1996).
24:
2234:Squatting by country
2150:Occupation (protest)
1962:In Krakende Welstand
1853:Picture the Homeless
70:informal settlements
34:informal settlements
2053:The Harvest Gypsies
1883:The City is For All
1457:Antigua and Barbuda
816:Non-marine molluscs
449:. AP. 2 June 1996.
2105:Adverse possession
2060:The Legacy of Luna
2046:The Good Terrorist
1878:Take Back the Land
1823:Justice Not Crisis
1156:Telecommunications
591:Turkish occupation
386:The New York Times
190:. United Nations.
30:Squatting in Sudan
27:
25:Sudan on the globe
2221:
2220:
2155:Pavement dwellers
2088:We, the Invisible
2018:Squatter's Rights
1920:A Squatter's Tale
1808:Exodus Collective
1517:England and Wales
1394:
1393:
1366:
1365:
1169:
1168:
1132:(former currency)
1090:
1089:
1027:Foreign relations
979:
978:
961:
960:
854:
853:
833:Natural disasters
738:
737:
723:October 2021 coup
688:Nomadic conflicts
613:Independent Sudan
417:Los Angeles Times
351:978-0-16-038869-9
313:978-1-56432-164-0
271:978-1-899477-01-2
232:978-1-897693-65-0
2241:
2211:
2210:
2081:Two Up, Two Down
1990:Miracle in Milan
1888:The Land is Ours
1863:Reclaim The City
1421:
1414:
1407:
1398:
1379:
1180:
1146:
1133:
1101:
990:
856:
829:
749:
648:Second Civil War
559:
538:
531:
524:
515:
508:
507:
505:
503:
483:
477:
476:
469:
463:
462:
460:
458:
439:
433:
432:
430:
428:
408:
402:
401:
399:
397:
377:
368:
367:
365:
363:
336:
330:
329:
327:
325:
297:
288:
287:
285:
283:
255:
249:
248:
246:
244:
216:
207:
206:
204:
202:
196:
185:
176:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2199:
2180:Squatters union
2160:Pueblos jóvenes
2093:
1907:
1818:Homes Not Jails
1771:
1677:Solomon Islands
1430:
1425:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1375:
1362:
1277:
1165:
1144:
1131:
1086:
1082:State Governors
975:
957:
850:
827:
734:
618:First Civil War
548:
542:
512:
511:
501:
499:
485:
484:
480:
473:Sara Pantuliano
471:
470:
466:
456:
454:
441:
440:
436:
426:
424:
410:
409:
405:
395:
393:
379:
378:
371:
361:
359:
352:
338:
337:
333:
323:
321:
314:
299:
298:
291:
281:
279:
272:
257:
256:
252:
242:
240:
233:
218:
217:
210:
200:
198:
194:
183:
178:
177:
166:
161:
151:and 170,000 in
63:
53:and 170,000 in
19:
12:
11:
5:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2098:Related topics
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1965:
1958:
1955:Garbage Dreams
1951:
1948:Emergency Exit
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1915:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1903:Zone to Defend
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1512:Czech Republic
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1409:
1401:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1380:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1328:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1287:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1275:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:Public toilets
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1197:Child marriage
1194:
1183:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1140:
1135:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1077:Vice President
1074:
1069:
1067:Prime Minister
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1046:September Laws
1039:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
993:
987:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:
973:
968:
962:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
945:
940:
938:South Kordofan
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
908:North Kordofan
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
883:Central Darfur
880:
875:
870:
864:
862:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
841:Climate change
837:
835:
826:
825:
824:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
752:
746:
740:
739:
736:
735:
733:
732:
731:
730:
728:2023 Civil war
725:
720:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
638:Communist coup
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
609:
608:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
562:
556:
550:
549:
547: articles
543:
541:
540:
533:
526:
518:
510:
509:
478:
464:
434:
403:
369:
350:
331:
312:
289:
270:
250:
231:
208:
163:
162:
160:
157:
133:North Khartoum
101:Omar al-Bashir
89:South Sudanese
81:Sadiq al-Mahdi
62:
59:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2246:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2196:
2195:Villa miseria
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2064:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2011:Shadow Cities
2008:
2006:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1997:Night Lodgers
1994:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1737:United States
1735:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
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1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
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1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
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1941:Dear Mandela
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1927:Ciutat Morta
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1843:Occupy Homes
1691:
1296:Architecture
1255:
1204:Demographics
1118:Central Bank
1032:Human rights
1007:Constitution
933:South Darfur
903:North Darfur
586:Islamization
500:. Retrieved
491:
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187:
147:, 70,000 in
143:, 60,000 in
138:
122:
85:Nuba peoples
78:
64:
49:, 70,000 in
45:, 60,000 in
29:
28:
15:
2170:Shanty town
1893:We Are Here
1833:Mad Housers
1667:South Korea
1647:Philippines
1622:Netherlands
1353:Photography
1348:Decorations
1108:Agriculture
1036:LGBT rights
997:Ambassadors
943:West Darfur
888:East Darfur
806:Butterflies
633:Nimeiry Era
2115:Campamento
1912:In culture
1582:Kazakhstan
1502:Costa Rica
1477:Bangladesh
1435:By country
1333:Literature
1219:minorities
1145:(currency)
1062:Parliament
1017:Corruption
953:White Nile
923:River Nile
873:Al Qadarif
159:References
153:Wad Madani
149:Port Sudan
129:Port Sudan
113:Ad-Damazin
87:and other
65:The first
55:Wad Madani
51:Port Sudan
2185:Tent city
2135:Gecekondu
2120:Cantegril
1969:Kill City
1934:Dark Days
1776:Movements
1757:West Bank
1752:Venezuela
1687:Sri Lanka
1467:Australia
1462:Argentina
1428:Squatting
1256:Squatting
1231:Languages
1209:Education
1161:Transport
1125:Companies
1072:President
1022:Elections
966:Districts
878:Blue Nile
776:Volcanoes
766:Mountains
744:Geography
698:2019 coup
668:1989 coup
653:1985 coup
628:1969 coup
623:1958 coup
447:ReliefWeb
72:arose in
36:arose in
2228:Category
2213:Category
2032:Suburbia
1767:Zimbabwe
1712:Thailand
1697:Suriname
1672:Slovenia
1657:Scotland
1637:Pakistan
1597:Malaysia
1552:Honduras
1492:Cambodia
1386:Category
1311:Clothing
1246:Religion
1241:Refugees
1192:Polygamy
1187:Marriage
1151:Taxation
1052:Military
1042:Islamism
985:Politics
913:Northern
898:Khartoum
821:Reptiles
781:Wildlife
596:Mahdiyya
581:Medieval
566:Timeline
502:28 March
496:Archived
457:28 March
451:Archived
427:28 March
421:Archived
396:28 March
390:Archived
362:28 March
356:Archived
324:28 March
318:Archived
282:28 March
276:Archived
243:28 March
237:Archived
201:28 March
192:Archived
105:Omdurman
74:Khartoum
67:squatted
38:Khartoum
2125:Colonia
1976:Lefties
1798:Diggers
1747:Vanuatu
1742:Uruguay
1727:Ukraine
1717:Tunisia
1652:Romania
1627:Nigeria
1612:Namibia
1607:Myanmar
1592:Liberia
1572:Ireland
1522:Estonia
1507:Croatia
1472:Bahamas
1447:Algeria
1442:Albania
1377:Outline
1326:History
1283:Culture
1261:Toilets
1251:Slavery
1175:Society
1113:Banking
1096:Economy
1002:Cabinet
918:Red Sea
893:Kassala
791:Mammals
756:Geology
606:History
554:History
145:Kassala
61:History
47:Kassala
2130:Favela
1762:Zambia
1731:Crimea
1722:Uganda
1707:Taiwan
1662:Serbia
1632:Norway
1602:Mexico
1542:Guyana
1537:Greece
1487:Brazil
1482:Bhutan
1452:Angola
1316:Emblem
1306:Cinema
1291:Anthem
1226:Health
1143:Pound
1138:Energy
1130:Dinar
971:Cities
928:Sennar
868:Gezira
860:States
846:Floods
801:Horses
771:Rivers
419:. AP.
348:
310:
268:
229:
95:, the
1702:Syria
1692:Sudan
1682:Spain
1617:Nepal
1587:Kenya
1577:Italy
1557:India
1547:Haiti
1532:Ghana
1497:Chile
1358:Sport
1343:Music
1338:Media
1273:Women
1012:Coups
811:Moths
796:Birds
786:Fauna
761:Lakes
673:RCCNS
545:Sudan
195:(PDF)
184:(PDF)
141:Nyala
125:Nyala
109:Kosti
43:Nyala
2175:Slum
2140:Home
1642:Peru
1567:Iraq
1562:Iran
1527:Fiji
1321:Flag
1236:LGBT
504:2021
459:2021
429:2021
398:2021
364:2021
346:ISBN
326:2021
308:ISBN
284:2021
266:ISBN
245:2021
227:ISBN
203:2021
127:and
1301:Art
492:VOA
2230::
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
