708:". This is an area in the string bed that is partially more forgiving on off-center hits and which produces more ball-reflective power from string deformation, known as the trampoline effect. However, large head sizes can increase twisting, which makes off-center hits more difficult to control and can reduce a player's overall power production due to the playing compensating for the extra inherent power, typically with stiffer strings to reduce the increased string deformation of large heads. A smaller head size generally offers more control for many shots, particularly the service and groundstrokes aimed near the lines, but can lead to more shanks (wild misses, from hitting the frame or missing the sweet spot). This drawback is most common for professional players using single-handed topspin backhands, as well as for recreational and aged players at net. Shanking due to small racket head size is typically exacerbated by racket weight, which slows the reaction time, as well as, to a lesser degree, the racket's balance point. In professional tennis, currently-used racket head sizes vary between 95–115 square inches (610–740 cm), with most players adopting one from 98–108 square inches (630–700 cm). Rackets with smaller and larger head sizes, 85 and 120–137 square inches (550 and 770–880 cm), are still produced but are not used by professionals currently. A very small number of professionals, such as
697:. However, high racket mass can cause fatigue in the shoulder area. Typically, it is safer for the body to have higher mass. More mass, additionally, provides more stability. It makes the racket more resistant to twisting forces and pushback. The drawbacks are that heavier rackets have lower maneuverability (reducing reaction time) and require more energy to move. As a racket gets heavier, the player finds it increasingly difficult to do fast reaction shots such as quick volleys and returns of serve. However, the additional mass can help with return of serve, in particular, by making the racket much more resistant to twist from a high-powered service. Light rackets have the additional drawback of making it easier for beginning players to use inappropriate wrist-dominant strokes, which often leads to injury. This is because poor stroke mechanics can be much easier to produce with a lightweight racket, such as in using one's wrist to mostly swing the racket. An extremely typical mistake beginning players make is to choke up heavily on the racket (to try to compensate for twist from a light racket, as well as too high racket angle upon impact) and use the wrist too much. The only professional well-known player to have had success with a strongly choked-up grip is
935:. This stringing pattern was said to feature less string notching, improving string lifespan. It was even claimed that many pro shops refused to carry the racket because less string breakage would reduce string and stringing service sales. It has also been claimed that the racket is more difficult to string than a two string racket. However, the Wilson T-2000-type requires a great deal more time for stringing than a typical racket and rackets of that series were very popular. Whatever the cause of the failure of the MAD RAQ in the marketplace, it was the only time a snowshoe pattern was used in tennis. Hauptman switched her racket line to a two string diamond pattern (PowerAngle). This pattern had already been used in much earlier rackets but had not had much popularity. It is said to be easier to string than the MAD RAQ but does not have the benefit of reduced string notching, at least not to the same degree. The claim is that this diagonal pattern offers more comfort than a traditional square pattern.
890:, as it went through some significant design adjustments over its lifetime. For instance, the truly original model had a reverse teardrop head shape, something no subsequent versions had. Stiffer composite rackets, when compared with the first and second generations of graphite composites, are the contemporary standard. The last wooden racket used at Wimbledon appeared in 1987, long after they were abandoned by practically all professionals. Borg tried to stage a comeback with his standard wood racket, after his premature retirement, but it quickly ended in failure, as the standard wood was no match when placed against a stiff midplus graphite. It is also commonly argued that Chris Evert would have been able to beat Martina Navratilova during the latter's most dominant period if she had switched from her wood racket years sooner. Additionally, the last influential wooden racket, the Prince Woodie, had layers of graphite to increase its stiffness and was an oversize. It was used by
951:) which had a customized asymmetric grip and an unusual geometric head shape. Stiffer rackets typically offer more power and control at the expense of increased ball shock, which can lead to injury or tennis elbow aggravation. Typically, power and control are at odds. However, in the case of stiff rackets, less energy is dissipated by the racket deforming, transmitting it back to the ball. Control is improved because there is less deformation. However, a player's overall power level may decrease due to the need to moderate ball striking effort to reduce discomfort and even injury. Although known as a hard hitter in her younger years, in her 40s she was known more as a precision player who used finesse (and especially tactics) more than power. In fact, the last doubles partner she won a major with in mixed,
764:
volley style with a continental grip. Serve and volley is no longer a viable option for nearly all professionals as the mode of playing for most points in a match. Head-heavy rackets became popular, mainly with recreational players, primarily with the introduction of the Wilson ProFile widebody racket. The head-light balance makes volleys and serves easier to produce, while groundstrokes are less stable. The head-heavy balance makes groundstrokes more stable, which typically increases the player's comfort for swinging harder to add power, but makes serves and volleys more cumbersome. A head-heavy balance also puts more stress on the elbow and shoulder.
914:
of the racket. Some players may hit harder with a dense string pattern, producing faster shots because of the added control from the dense pattern. Rackets, including those of much of the wood era, are marked with a recommended string tension range. The basic rule is that a lower tension creates more power (from the trampoline effect) and a higher string tension creates more control (less string deformation which results in a more predictable the power and angle of the departure from the string bed.) Some professionals used small-headed rackets with flexible-material strings (natural gut) strung at very high tension. Examples include
886:, for instance, used the Prince graphite to contest their influential Wimbledon match in 1991 that has often been hailed as the beginning of the power baselining game in the WTA, although that claim is somewhat hyperbolic and is, in large part, due to the mistaken impression that the players were hitting much harder when, in fact, the rackets were more powerful. However, the very large head size, when compared with the midsize and, especially, the old "standard" size, made it easier to produce power. The racket also had an open string pattern. The Prince "original" graphite name is rather a
712:, used 125 square inches (810 cm) rackets during some point in their careers. Rackets with smaller heads than 85 square inches (550 cm) have not been in production since the 1980s and rackets with larger head sizes than 137 square inches (880 cm) are not currently legal for the sport, even though only elderly players typically choose to use rackets beyond 115 square inches (740 cm) and it is nearly unheard-of for a serious player who is not elderly to choose a racket over 125 square inches (810 cm). The WEED company, founded by
845:(the first oversize, made in Germany of fiberglass) and the Weed. The patent was rejected by Germany but approved in the USA. The popularity of the Prince aluminum oversize had the side effect of popularizing rackets having other non-standard head sizes such as mid-size 85–90 square inches (550–580 cm) and mid-plus sizes 95–98 square inches (610–630 cm). Fairly quickly, midsize frames began to become the most-used frames in the pro tours. Martina Navratilova popularized the midsize graphite racket, with her wins using the
655:, are much taller and have longer arms than average professionals (and especially low stature ones), giving them a much larger advantage in terms of height for the service than is possible with several inches of racket length. This makes the length restriction more questionable. Finally, the professionals who nearly always choose to use the longest rackets typically choose them because they use two-handed groundstrokes for both forehand and backhand, using the extra length to improve their reach. An example is
906:
756:
720:" Rackets that have the smallest heads in current use, the highest weights in current use, and headlight or even balance are referred to as "players' rackets". Oversize rackets, typically 110 square inches (710 cm) in size, were once pejoratively referred to as "granny sticks" but resistance to them being seen as illegitimate rackets for younger players decreased dramatically with the successful use of these rackets by a small number professionals such as
776:
related to the tendency for different string materials to move out of place when subjected to heavy topspin strokes. Polyester is the string of choice today because of that resistance, despite its increased stiffness (harsher feel and more aggravating for the joints) and reduced tension-holding ability (versus a string like natural gut, which excels at that). The top professionals of the 1970s and earlier, despite having access to stiffer materials such as
271:
643:(the original racket frame row material), steel, fiberglass, or aluminium are considered obsolete, although those materials are technically legal for play. Inexpensive rackets often have poor performance characteristics such as excessive flexibility and inadequate weight. No recent manufacturers use single-throated beams, although Prince tried to reintroduce the single throat design in the 1990s: the only professional who used one was
627:
1196:- makers of rackets and founded in 1855 by Henry John Gray, the Champion Racquets Player of England. "In those days, the rackets were made from one piece English ash, with a suede leather grip and natural gut. ... The 1980s witnessed a period of re-structuring and consolidation. The Cambridge racquets factory was forced to close in face of the move to graphite rackets, and production was moved to the Far east."
955:, remarked on how slow her serve was, despite how effective she was on the court. Navratilova also used string that was much softer than what anyone else on tour used (thick uncoated natural gut), to help compensate for the stiffness of her racket. The vastly higher injury rate in tennis (when compared with the wood era) is, in part, due to the increase in stiffness, both of the racket and of the strings.
822:
lighter and more flexible than steel, was sometimes less accurate than wood. The biggest complaint, however, was that metal rackets caused strong cases of tennis elbow, especially the kind that had holes for the strings directly in the frame, rather than using an external wire wrapper, as in the T-2000. Because of that drawback in particular, most of the top players still preferred to use wooden frames.
372:
2252:
156:. The traditional racket size was limited by the strength and weight of the wooden frame which had to be strong enough to hold the strings and stiff enough to hit the ball or shuttle. Manufacturers started adding non-wood laminates to wood rackets to improve stiffness. Non-wood rackets were made first of steel, then of aluminum, and then carbon fiber composites. Wood is still used for
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length but it is no longer legal in that length. Gamma responded by changing the length of the grip portion of the racket, to continue sales. The length restriction was based on the concern that such long rackets would make the serve too dominant, but that concern has never been objectively supported with testing. Moreover, some players, such as
424:
874:'s first graphite racket was this Jack Kramer version, which had 20% fiberglass. It was not a market success and she, along with everyone else, quickly replaced it with the stiffer Pro Staff 85, which had 20% kevlar. It used the same mold and had the same braided graphite, but offered a very noticeable improvement in power. The very popular
772:, used rubber bands instead of specialized dampeners. Dampeners come in two main types. The first uses the two central main strings to hold it in place. The second is sometimes called a "worm" and it is woven between many of the main strings. Dampeners are nearly always placed very near the bottom of the racket string bed.
688:
drawbacks from light rackets, such as increased twisting. Lawn tennis rackets originally flared outward at the bottom of the handle to prevent slippage. The rounded bottom was called a bark bottom after its inventor
Matthew Barker. But by 1947, this style became superfluous. More mass gives rackets "plow through",
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chose to use oversize rackets, and some switched to midplus frames after their earliest career for more control. Fiberglass frames also had a brief period of limited popularity, making fewer inroads among top players than aluminum. Also, the earliest composites, such as the Head
Competition series, used by
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A denser pattern is often considered to deliver more control, at the expense of spin potential. A more open pattern is often believed to offer greater potential for power and spin. However, how much power is produced by a player can be strongly influenced by how a player adapts to the characteristics
865:
were introduced, and other materials were added to the composite, including ceramics, glass fibre, boron, and titanium. Some of the earliest models typically had 20% or more fiberglass, to make them more flexible. Stiff rackets were typically not preferred by most players because of their familiarity
821:
in her early career. Many players said it lacked control but had more power, when compared with wood frames of the period. Connors used the rarer "firm" model that had additional throat welds to increase its stiffness. In 1968 Spalding launched an aluminum racket, called The
Smasher. Aluminum, though
763:
The head-light balance point is rarer in professional tennis than it once was, as the sport has converted to larger-headed rackets, stiffer rackets, stiffer strings, more western grips and accompanying stroke production, and more topspin. The head-light balance point is most optimal for the serve and
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rackets vary primarily in length, weight, balance point, stiffness, beam thickness, string pattern, string density, and head size. They generally conform to unofficial standards that differ from past rackets. Currently, almost all adult rackets are made from a graphite composite. Those made from wood
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There is a wide variety of racket designs, although the badminton racket size and shape are limited by the laws of the game. Different rackets have playing characteristics that appeal to different players. The traditional oval head shape is still available, but an isometric head shape is increasingly
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Weights of a racket also vary between 7 ounces (200 g) unstrung and 12.6 ounces (360 g) strung. Until the 1980s, rackets weighted at "medium" were produced. "Heavy" rackets were produced during the height of the wood era (e.g. the 1960s), very sparingly. The "medium" weight is heavier than
478:
A side of the blade used for striking the ball shall be covered with either ordinary pimpled rubber, with pimples outwards having a total thickness including adhesive of not more than 2.0mm, or sandwich rubber, with pimples inwards or outwards, having a total thickness including adhesive of not more
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is an example. Many professionals during the standard wood era strung at relatively low tension and used natural gut string; both decisions were to increase the trampoline effect for more power. By contrast, almost every professional player today uses the much stiffer polyester string in their much
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that continues once the player has managed to get the racket into motion and which is more resistant to stoppage from the ball's momentum. This can give the perception that the racket produces shots with more power, although this is complicated by the typically slower stroke production. Higher mass
650:
For length, 21 to 26 inches (53 to 66 cm) is normally the junior racket range, while 27 inches (69 cm) is for stronger more physically-mature players. Some are also available at lengths of 27.5 to 29 inches (70 to 74 cm). The Gamma Big Bubba was produced with a 32 inches (81 cm)
444:
made from laminated wood covered with rubber on one or two sides depending on the grip of the player. Unlike a conventional racket, it does not contain strings strung across an open frame. This is called either a paddle, racket, or a bat, with usage differing by region. In the USA the term "paddle"
767:
Vibration dampeners (also sometimes known as "gummies") may be interlaced in the proximal part of the string array, to reduce the percussive sound of the ball hitting the strings and/or to reduce perceived vibration. They do not, however, reduce impact shock significantly, so they are of no safety
942:
measuring equipment. The Prince More series used two pieces (a top side and bottom side of the racket, or a left side and a right side) and no grommet strip. Prince had briefly used a design without a grommet strip in an early version of its "original" graphite oversize. The most famous user of a
849:
R-7, the first midsize graphite racket made by Yonex. Nearly at the same time, however, she said the "jumbo" rackets (midsize included) should be removed from the sport for making it easier. She said she would use them only because other players could, as they were tournament-legal. Fewer players
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representation, the length restriction seems even more unnecessary. Despite Prince's attempt to market longer length "longbody" rackets in the 1990s, standard length remains the overwhelming choice of players, further negating the argument in favor of the length restriction. When most players who
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As rackets have become lighter, stiffer, and larger-headed, the professional game has moved, basically completely, from softer and more flexible string materials to stiff materials. This is, in large part, to tone down the additional power potential of the "modern" rackets. However, it also is
687:
surprised many when he said he used a stock Pro Drive series model, series of racket which was light when compared with the rackets used by most top professionals. In both recreational and professional tennis, the trend has been away from heavy rackets and toward lighter rackets, despite the
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At least 85% of the blade by thickness shall be of natural wood; an adhesive layer within the blade may be reinforced with fibrous material such as carbon fibre, glass fibre or compressed paper, but shall not be thicker than 7.5% of the total thickness or 0.35mm, whichever is the smaller.
39:
898:, and quite a few others. It offered very little power but did offer much more surface area than a standard-size wooden frame. Sabatini found it helpful, as compared with smaller rackets, due to her production of heavy topspin. The only woman to beat Martina Navratilova in 1984,
31:
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Throughout most of lawn tennis' history, most rackets were made of laminated wood, with heads of around 65 square inches (420 cm). A small number of them were made of metal, such as a 1920s racket by Dayton. Some, rarely, also had metal strings. In the late 1960s,
716:, specializes in producing very large rackets, primarily for the elderly market. Rackets that are moderately higher in power production, moderately lower in weight, moderately larger in size, and which typically possess a slightly head-heavy balance are often called "
647:. Braided graphite rackets were considered high-end until recently and molded rackets have been the norm for some time. Molding is less expensive to manufacture and offer high stiffness. Graphite-composite rackets are today's industry standard in professional tennis.
362:
Racquetball rackets, unlike many other types, generally have little or no neck, the grip connecting directly to the head. They also tend to have head shapes that are notably wider at the top, with some older rackets looking almost triangular or teardrop shaped.
1156:
800:
is known for having played with a very open-patterned racket during part of his career. String choice, both in thickness and material, string tension, string pattern, and string pattern density can have a very large effect on how a racket performs.
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of Taiwan are the dominant players in the market. The majority of top tournaments are sponsored by these companies. Every year new technology is introduced by these companies but predominantly, all rackets are made of carbon graphite composite.
740:, signed a letter supporting a switch back to wood frames, or a limitation to the original standard size of approximately 65 square inches (420 cm). Perhaps the last professional to use a standard-size racket in professional tennis was
383:, also called court tennis, 27-inch (686-mm) long rackets are made of wood and very tight strings to cope with the game's heavy balls. The racket heads are bent slightly to make striking balls close to the floor or in corners easier.
549:
Before the start of a match and whenever he or she changes his or her racket during a match a player shall show his or her opponent and the umpire the racket he or she is about to use and shall allow them to examine it.
664:
choose to use a longer racket than 27 inches (69 cm) choose one, they typically only use a 27.5 inches (70 cm) model, rather than one approaching 30 inches (76 cm). Longer rackets were introduced by
943:
More series racket was
Martina Navratilova, who returned to play doubles in her 40s, using a Prince More Control DB (a midplus) for her initial wins in the mixed doubles at Wimbledon and the Australian Open with
788:, by increasing the density of the string pattern, and by stringing with a higher tension. Racket makers and players have experimented with very dense string patterns and very "open" patterns, beginning with the
415:) with synthetic strings. Modern rackets are 70 cm long, with a maximum strung area of 500 square centimetres (approximately 75 square inches) and a mass between 90 and 200 grams (4–7 ounces).
541:
Slight deviations from continuity of surface or uniformity of colour due to accidental damage or wear may be allowed provided that they do not significantly change the characteristics of the surface.
509:
The covering material shall extend up to but not beyond the limits of the blade, except that the part nearest the handle and gripped by the fingers may be left uncovered or covered with any material.
866:
with the comfortable softness of wood. These early models tended to be very flexible and not very powerful, although they were a power upgrade over wood and metal rackets. Wilson created the
870:
Pro Staff, the graphite version of the wood racket of the same name extremely popular in the late 70s and early 80s. This was the origin of the extremely influential Wilson Pro Staff 85.
744:, known for the strongly-contested match against Connors at the 1991 US Open. He used a Wilson Ultra-II standard-size graphite racket also used in the 1980s by the hard-hitting teen
490:
is a single layer of non-cellular rubber, natural or synthetic, with pimples evenly distributed over its surface at a density of not less than 10 per cm and not more than 30 per cm.
195:, and other polymers. Rackets are restrung when necessary, which may be after every match for a professional. Despite the name, "catgut" has never been made from any part of a cat.
399:), with a small strung area using natural gut strings. After a rule change in the mid-1980s, they are now almost always made of composite materials such as carbon fiber or metals (
1313:
525:
The surface of the covering material on a side of the blade, or of a side of the blade if it is left uncovered, shall be matt, bright red on one side and black on the other.
931:
pattern (a six-pointed figure consisting of two interlaced equilateral triangles), as it used three strings instead of two for stringing the racket. This pattern is used in
693:
typically involves a slower swing but more energy to execute the swing. More mass also provides more cushioning against ball impact shock, a source of injuries such as
148:
Racket design, materials and manufacturing has changed considerably over the centuries. The frame of rackets for all sports was traditionally made of solid wood (later
517:
The blade, any layer within the blade and any layer of covering material or adhesive on a side used for striking the ball shall be continuous and of even thickness.
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any of the rackets produced since it was discontinued by companies. Many professionals added weight to their rackets to improve stability. Many continue to do so.
501:
is a single layer of cellular rubber covered with a single outer layer of ordinary pimpled rubber, the thickness of the pimpled rubber not being more than 2.0mm.
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stiffer rackets which also have larger heads and which tend to be lighter. Madeline
Hauptman sold a line of rackets, called the MAD RAQ, which featured a
1478:
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from
Germany, was praised by racket designers but was considered too large to be taken seriously by the small number of players who were exposed to it.
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The string of the racket must be gut, monofilament, nylon, graphite, plastic, metal, or a combination thereof, and must not mark or deface the ball.
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rackets are light, with top quality rackets weighing between about 70 and 95 grams. Modern rackets are composed of carbon fiber composite (
854:, were made without graphite. These were more flexible than a typical early graphite composite but stiffer than wood, fiberglass, and aluminum.
1560:
780:, nearly always chose to use the very flexible natural gut instead. String bed stiffness can be increased by using stiffer materials, such as
825:
By 1975, aluminum construction improvements allowed for the introduction of the first
American "oversized" racket, which was manufactured by
446:
704:
Head size plays a very key role in a racket's performance characteristics. A larger head size very generally means more power and a larger "
357:
Using an illegal racket will result in forfeiture of the game in progress or, if discovered between games, forfeiture of the preceding game.
1515:
595:
285:), which may be augmented by a variety of materials. Carbon fiber has an excellent strength to weight ratio, is stiff, and gives excellent
328:-inch (770 mm) wooden rackets. While squash equipment has evolved in the intervening century, rackets equipment has changed little.
2215:
2134:
2085:
1570:
2195:
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129:). Some rackets have a rigid one-piece head with a solid or fenestrated face instead of a meshwork of strings, such as those used in
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popularized the T-2000 steel racket with wire wound around the frame to make string loops, after having purchased the design from
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The stiffest graphite racket that has been sold is the Prince More Game MP, which is rated at 80 RA on the industry-standard
1950:
2220:
2124:
947:. She had used the stiffer More Game MP prior. Navratilova later switched to a design by Warren Bosworth (the founder of
1923:
728:. Originally, even midsize frames (85 square inches (550 cm)) were considered jumbo, and some top players, such as
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transfer. Before the adoption of carbon fiber composite, rackets were made of wood to their excessive weight and cost.
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902:, used the Prince Woodie, one of only six losses Navratilova suffered in a three-year stretch involving 260 matches.
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878:, an oversize in its most popular form, was also quite influential and used by many pros, especially as juniors.
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Table Tennis racket specs are defined at the ITTF handbook section 2.04 and currently include the following.
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rackets are governed by the rules of the game. Traditionally they were made of laminated timber (typically
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is known for using a frame modified to be quite heavy, in terms of the recent times average. By contrast,
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popularized the oversize racket, which had a head size of approximately 110 square inches (710 cm).
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The racket, including bumper guard and all solid parts of the handle, may not exceed 22 inches in length.
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1976:
813:, who produced the racket first in a more limited run. It was popularized by the top American player
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said they should be banned for making the sport too easy. Later, these same professionals, including
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uses wooden rackets and cork-filled balls. It is a very different sport from today's lawn tennis.
659:. As this type of player is not dominant in the sport, or even close to being average in terms of
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90:(which presents a flattened firm surface designed to strike the ball or shuttlecock, known as the
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may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience
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The racket frame must include a cord that must be securely attached to the player's wrist.
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is an alternative spelling more common in
Britain, as evidenced by the BBC style guide.
86:. The typical basic structure of a racket consists of a widened distal end known as the
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The racket may be of any size, shape or weight but the blade shall be flat and rigid.
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The racket covering shall be used without any physical, chemical or other treatment.
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Hi Ten, which had a pattern with as few as 12 mains and 13 crosses. Doubles great
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922:. Some used large-headed rackets with very inflexible-material strings (kevlar).
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any relevant information, and removing excessive detail that may be against
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In the strictest sense, the word "racket" specifically refers to one with a
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141:. Collectively, sporting games using rackets and paddles are all known as
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The origin of the term "racket" is unclear. It may be derived from the
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102:, and a reinforced connection between the head and handle known as the
1466:
The
History of Tennis Racquets — Evolution of the Modern Racquet
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rules there are no limitations on the weight of a racquetball racket.
1524:
1294:. Wilmot H. McCutchen. Archived from the original on 29 December 2016
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67:
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Catgut has partially been replaced by synthetic materials including
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tape to make his racket have a 14 ounces (400 g) weight and
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Table Tennis racket with 3 different sizes of the celluloid ball
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1497:
1131:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. pp.
1098:. Washington Square, N.Y.: New York University Press. pp.
242:
appeared in the 19th century as a French-influenced variant of
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168:. Most rackets are now made of composite materials including
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was able to obtain a broad patent for Prince, despite the
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common in new rackets. Various companies have emerged but
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is common, in Europe the term is "bat", and the official
1328:"An In-depth Look At Tennis Racquet Vibration Dampeners"
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A Brief Look on the
History of Table Tennis Rackets
1266:"Tennis Predict gear review: Intermediate rackets"
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262:"rachasser", meaning "to strike (the ball) back".
348:The racket frame may be any material judged safe.
214:is used more commonly in certain sports, such as
1418:. September 12, 2005 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
1312:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
342:
310:This predecessor to the modern game of squash,
206:is the standard American spelling of the word.
152:) and the strings of animal intestine known as
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258:word "raketsen" which is itself derived from
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1236:"An evolutionary history of tennis racquets"
978:
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909:A United States tennis racket from the 1970s
817:and was also, prior to Connors using it, by
230:, and less commonly in others. However, the
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117:face made of interlaced, tightly stretched
2114:
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1903:
1833:
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1502:
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1462:; (1974) Smithsonian Institution Libraries
1394:"BBC: The quest for the tennis sweet spot"
614:Learn how and when to remove this message
1352:. tennishistory.com.au. 27 February 2012
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970:
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1157:"Badminton Racket Market Size In 2021"
94:), an elongated (and often cushioned)
1416:"The quest for the tennis sweet spot"
748:. The first oversize, the fiberglass
7:
2261:
1479:"The Big Technological Tennis Upset"
1286:McCutchen, Wilmot (15 August 2002).
1171:"USAR OFFICIAL RULES OF RACQUETBALL"
2216:Association of Tennis Professionals
2086:International Premier Tennis League
1460:Tennis racket design by Howard Head
1346:"Unusual Vintage Tennis Racquets 3"
768:value. Some professionals, such as
1431:"The day Martina Navratilova lost"
1071:. British Broadcasting Corporation
596:Knowledge (XXG)'s inclusion policy
25:
1372:"Behold: The Dayton Steel Racket"
796:used one of them. More recently,
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1127:Tennis : A Cultural History
1094:Tennis : A Cultural History
857:In the early 1980s, "graphite" (
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133:, and such rackets are called a
66:back-and-forth in games such as
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2226:International Tennis Federation
632:carbon fiber-reinforced polymer
232:International Tennis Federation
1:
1374:. Old Magazine Articles. 2008
1187:"Grays of Cambridge: History"
630:A modern tennis racket, with
375:Real tennis rackets and balls
1429:Garber, Greg (27 May 2013).
1123:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
1090:Gillmeister, Heiner (1998).
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283:graphite reinforced plastic
42:Racquetball racket and ball
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984:"Racket vs. racquet"
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2004:ITF Women's Circuit
1946:ATP Challenger Tour
1396:. 12 September 2005
1039:Oxford Dictionaries
730:Martina Navratilova
442:table tennis racket
433:Table tennis racket
1471:2012-02-20 at the
1334:. 11 January 2020.
1288:"Racquet Research"
1192:2011-07-06 at the
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2145:Commonwealth
2071:Wightman Cup
1967:WTA rankings
1914:ATP rankings
1898:Professional
1798:double fault
1783:Passing shot
1768:Groundstroke
1680:Match fixing
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1439:. Retrieved
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1400:10 September
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1211:www.ittf.com
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987:
957:
945:Leander Paes
937:
924:Andre Agassi
916:Pete Sampras
912:
884:Monica Seles
859:carbon fibre
856:
824:
811:René Lacoste
803:
774:
770:Andre Agassi
766:
762:
738:John McEnroe
722:Andre Agassi
717:
710:Monica Seles
703:
695:tennis elbow
685:Andy Roddick
673:Pete Sampras
669:
649:
637:
610:
601:
588:spinning off
581:
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487:
479:than 4.0mm.
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2266:WikiCommons
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2021:tournaments
2018:Team tennis
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1829:Grand Slams
1773:Half volley
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994:5 September
959:Real tennis
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538:2.04.07.01
495:2.04.03.02
484:2.04.03.01
381:real tennis
367:Real tennis
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180:alloys, or
158:real tennis
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2045:United Cup
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1624:Equipment
1561:Statistics
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1109:081473121X
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2035:Davis Cup
1875:Champions
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1753:Drop shot
953:Bob Bryan
933:snowshoes
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1308:cite web
1190:Archived
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466:2.04.02
458:2.04.01
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1441:7 March
1378:7 March
1298:7 March
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1049:26 June
940:Babolat
841:of the
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1106:
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1924:1000
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1380:2018
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1137:ISBN
1104:ISBN
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1051:2013
1021:2012
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918:and
882:and
827:Weed
784:and
732:and
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677:lead
447:ITTF
166:xare
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82:and
60:ball
1987:250
1982:500
1934:250
1929:500
1907:Men
1793:ace
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1133:123
1069:BBC
590:or
397:Ash
379:In
172:or
139:bat
137:or
127:rim
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