1973:
2169:
121:
1332:
1900:
2795:
2153:
1247:
1086:
1445:
1936:
1312:
1226:
567:
1113:
844:
2688:), was discovered. This species may grow to 10 m (33 ft) in length, making it the largest invertebrate. In February 2007, a New Zealand fishing vessel caught the largest squid ever documented, weighing 495 kg (1,091 lb) and measuring around 10 m (33 ft) off the coast of Antarctica. Dissection showed that the eyes, used to detect prey in the deep Southern Ocean, exceeded the size of footballs; these may be among the largest eyes ever to exist in the animal kingdom.
2146:. The squid controls light production by changing the shape of its iris or adjusting the strength of yellow filters on its underside, which presumably change the balance of wavelengths emitted. Light production shows a correlation with intensity of down-welling light, but it is about one third as bright; the squid can track repeated changes in brightness. Because the Hawaiian bobtail squid hides in sand during the day to avoid predators, it does not use counter-illumination during daylight hours.
1276:
723:
1729:
2781:, macrophage-like blood cells that migrate between epithelial cells, but the mechanism and function of this process is not well understood. Bioluminescence reaches its highest levels during the early evening hours and bottoms out before dawn; this occurs because at the end of each day, the contents of the squid's crypts are expelled into the surrounding environment. Approximately 95% of the bacteria are voided each morning before the bacterial population builds up again by nightfall.
2348:
872:
1035:
2318:
2807:
through the funnel which is pointed in the opposite direction to the required direction of travel. The inhalant phase is initiated by the relaxation of the circular muscles causes them to stretch, the connective tissue in the mantle wall recoils elastically, the mantle cavity expands causing the inhalant valve to open, the exhalant valve to close and water to flow into the cavity. This cycle of exhalation and inhalation is repeated to provide continuous locomotion.
673:
146:
1638:
2930:
2727:
605:
3090:
2036:. An inhalant siphon behind the funnel draws water into the mantle cavity via a valve. The squid uses the funnel for locomotion via precise jet propulsion. In this form of locomotion, water is sucked into the mantle cavity and expelled out of the funnel in a fast, strong jet. The direction of travel is varied by the orientation of the funnel. Squid are strong swimmers and certain species can "fly" for short distances out of the water.
1505:
967:
626:
946:
3583:
997:
2199:
2650:
800:
1533:
3209:
1395:
779:
6548:
1134:
1554:
6541:
1699:
1678:
2427:
6534:
2842:
2134:) that produce light to help the squid avoid nocturnal predators. This light shines through the squid's skin on its underside and is generated by a large and complex two-lobed light organ inside the squid's mantle cavity. From there, it escapes downwards, some of it travelling directly, some coming off a reflector at the top of the organ (dorsal side). Below there is a kind of
2894:
2578:
893:
1173:
2827:, and, with their strong arms and suckers, can overwhelm relatively large animals efficiently. Prey is identified by sight or by touch, grabbed by the tentacles which can be shot out with great rapidity, brought back to within reach of the arms, and held by the hooks and suckers on their surface. In some species, the squid's saliva contains
2168:
2802:
Squid can move about in several different ways. Slow movement is achieved by a gentle undulation of the muscular lateral fins on either side of the trunk which drives the animal forward. A more common means of locomotion providing sustained movement is achieved using jetting, during which contraction
2909:
Courtship in squid takes place in the open water and involves the male selecting a female, the female responding, and the transfer by the male of spermatophores to the female. In many instances, the male may display to identify himself to the female and drive off any potential competitors. Elaborate
2859:
Although squid can catch large prey, the mouth is relatively small, and the food must be cut into pieces by the chitinous beak with its powerful muscles before being swallowed. The radula is located in the buccal cavity and has multiple rows of tiny teeth that draw the food backwards and grind it in
2810:
Fast jetting is an escape response. In this form of locomotion, radial muscles in the mantle wall are involved as well as circular ones, making it possible to hyper-inflate the mantle cavity with a larger volume of water than during slow jetting. On contraction, water flows out with great force, the
2617:
ions, a product of excretion. The small difference in density provides a small contribution to buoyancy per unit volume, so the mechanism requires a large buoyancy chamber to be effective. Since the chamber is filled with liquid, it has the advantage over a swim bladder of not changing significantly
2304:
The statocysts are involved in maintaining balance and are analogous to the inner ear of fish. They are housed in cartilaginous capsules on either side of the cranium. They provide the squid with information on its body position in relation to gravity, its orientation, acceleration and rotation, and
2716:
stage, the margins of the disc grow to surround the yolk, forming a yolk sac, which eventually forms part of the animal's gut. The dorsal side of the disc grows upwards and forms the embryo, with a shell gland on its dorsal surface, gills, mantle and eyes. The arms and funnel develop as part of the
1991:
The suckers may lie directly on the arm or be stalked. Their rims are stiffened with chitin and may contain minute toothlike denticles. These features, as well as strong musculature, and a small ganglion beneath each sucker to allow individual control, provide a very powerful adhesion to grip prey.
2305:
are able to perceive incoming vibrations. Without the statocysts, the squid cannot maintain equilibrium. Squid appear to have limited hearing, but the head and arms bear lines of hair-cells that are weakly sensitive to water movements and changes in pressure, and are analogous in function to the
2806:
Slow jetting is used for ordinary locomotion, and ventilation of the gills is achieved at the same time. The circular muscles in the mantle wall contract; this causes the inhalant valve to close, the exhalant valve to open and the mantle edge to lock tightly around the head. Water is forced out
2447:
proteins, which is used to kill and tear prey into manageable pieces. The beak is very robust, but does not contain minerals, unlike the teeth and jaws of many other organisms; the cross-linked proteins are histidine- and glycine-rich and give the beak a stiffness and hardness greater than most
3733:
Sanchez, Gustavo; Setiamarga, Davin H. E.; Tuanapaya, Surangkana; Tongtherm, Kittichai; Winkelmann, Inger E.; Schmidbaur, Hannah; Umino, Tetsuya; Albertin, Caroline; Allcock, Louise; Perales-Raya, Catalina; Gleadall, Ian; Strugnell, Jan M.; Simakov, Oleg; Nabhitabhata, Jaruwat (February 2018).
2339:
from which sperm pass into a single gonoduct where they are rolled together into a long bundle, or spermatophore. The gonoduct is elongated into a "penis" that extends into the mantle cavity and through which spermatophores are ejected. In shallow water species, the penis is short, and the
1850:. Both the coleoids and the teleost fish were involved in much adaptive radiation at this time, and the two modern groups resemble each other in size, ecology, habitat, morphology and behaviour, however some fish moved into fresh water while the coleoids remained in marine environments.
2072:
create changeable skin patterns of polarized light. Such skin camouflage may serve various functions, such as communication with nearby squid, prey detection, navigation, and orientation during hunting or seeking shelter. Neural control of the iridophores enabling rapid changes in skin
371:
of similar size and behaviour. They play an important role in the open water food web. The two long tentacles are used to grab prey and the eight arms to hold and control it. The beak then cuts the food into suitable size chunks for swallowing. Squid are rapid swimmers, moving by
2622:
for example, have an enormous transparent coelom containing ammonium ions and occupying about two-thirds the volume of the animal, allowing it to float at the required depth. About half of the 28 families of squid use this mechanism to solve their buoyancy issues. The family
2943:, further coatings are added by the nidimental glands in the walls of the cavity and the eggs leave through a funnel formed by the arms. The female attaches them to the substrate in strings or groups, the coating layers swelling and hardening after contact with sea water.
2717:
foot on the ventral side of the disc. The arms later migrate upwards, coming to form a ring around the funnel and mouth. The yolk is gradually absorbed as the embryo grows. Some juvenile squid live higher in the water column than do adults. Squids tend to be short-lived;
2025:, forms a cone-shaped posterior region known as the "visceral hump". The mollusc shell is reduced to an internal, longitudinal chitinous "pen" in the functionally dorsal part of the animal; the pen acts to stiffen the squid and provides attachments for muscles.
2597:
Unlike nautiloids and cuttlefish which have gas-filled chambers inside their shells which provide buoyancy, and octopuses which live near and rest on the seabed and do not require to be buoyant, many squid have a fluid-filled receptacle, equivalent to the
2222:, giving themselves an opportunity to escape. The ink gland and its associated ink sac empties into the rectum close to the anus, allowing the squid to rapidly discharge black ink into the mantle cavity and surrounding water. The ink is a suspension of
2152:
2414:; when erect, the penis may be as long as the mantle, head, and arms combined. As such, deep-water squid have the greatest known penis length relative to body size of all mobile animals, second in the entire animal kingdom only to certain sessile
3852:
Tanner, Alastair R.; Fuchs, Dirk; Winkelmann, Inger E.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Pankey, M. Sabrina; Ribeiro, Ângela M.; Kocot, Kevin M.; Halanych, Kenneth M.; Oakley, Todd H.; da
Fonseca, Rute R.; Pisani, Davide; Vinther, Jakob (March 2017).
1992:
Hooks are present on the arms and tentacles in some species, but their function is unclear. The two tentacles are much longer than the arms and are retractile. Suckers are limited to the spatulate tip of the tentacle, known as the
2925:
fish. The heterodactylus of the male is used to transfer the spermatophore and deposit it in the female's mantle cavity in the position appropriate for the species; this may be adjacent to the gonopore or in a seminal receptacle.
2831:
which act to subdue the prey. These are injected into its bloodstream when the prey is bitten, along with vasodilators and chemicals to stimulate the heart, and quickly circulate to all parts of its body. The deep sea squid
2059:
of different colours, enabling the squid to match its coloration to its surroundings. The play of colours may in addition distract prey from the squid's approaching tentacles. The skin also contains light reflectors called
2269:
up to 1 mm (0.04 in) in diameter convey nerve messages with great rapidity to the circular muscles of the mantle wall, allowing a synchronous, powerful contraction and maximum speed in the jet propulsion system.
1853:
The ancestral coleoid was probably nautiloid-like with a strait septate shell that became immersed in the mantle and was used for buoyancy control. Four lines diverged from this, Spirulida (with one living member), the
2399:, it is frequently one or both of arm pair IV of males that are modified into hectocotyli. However, most deep-sea squid lack hectocotyl arms and have longer penises; Ancistrocheiridae and Cranchiinae are exceptions.
2407:
are unusual in that they possess both a large penis and modified arm tips, although whether the latter are used for spermatophore transfer is uncertain. Penis elongation has been observed in the deep-water species
1899:
430:
Squid are used for human consumption with commercial fisheries in Japan, the
Mediterranean, the southwestern Atlantic, the eastern Pacific and elsewhere. They are used in cuisines around the world, often known as
5923:
3289:. The body can be stuffed whole, cut into flat pieces, or sliced into rings. The arms, tentacles, and ink are also edible; the only parts not eaten are the beak and gladius (pen). Squid is a good food source for
3617:, a flexible "smart" material that changes its colour and texture in response to electrical signals. The researchers state that their goal is to create an artificial skin that provides rapid active camouflage.
2226:
particles and quickly disperses to form a dark cloud that obscures the escape manoeuvres of the squid. Predatory fish may also be deterred by the alkaloid nature of the discharge which may interfere with their
4754:
the beak contains two protein families. One family consists of chitin-binding proteins (DgCBPs) that physically join chitin chains, whereas the other family comprises highly modular histidine-rich proteins
2937:
The sperm may be used immediately or may be stored. As the eggs pass down the oviduct, they are wrapped in a gelatinous coating, before continuing to the mantle cavity, where they are fertilised. In
2537:, all of which can contract to propel the blood. The branchial hearts pump blood specifically to the gills for oxygenation, before returning it to the systemic heart. The blood contains the
2021:
along each side. These fins are not the main source of locomotion in most species. The mantle wall is heavily muscled and internal. The visceral mass, which is covered by a thin, membranous
2661:
The majority of squid are no more than 60 cm (24 in) long, although the giant squid may reach 13 m (43 ft). The smallest species are probably the benthic pygmy squids
1935:
2986:
As well as occupying a key role in the food chain, squid are an important prey for predators including sharks, sea birds, seals and whales. Juvenile squid provide part of the diet for
3328:
10 lb). Of this, 2,189,206 tonnes, or 75.8 percent, was squid. The following table lists squid species fishery catches that exceeded 10,000 tonnes (22,000,000 lb) in 2002.
1980:
Squid are soft-bodied molluscs whose forms evolved to adopt an active predatory lifestyle. The head and foot of the squid are at one end of a long body, and this end is functionally
1881:, or pen, remaining. The pen, made of a chitin-like material, is a feather-shaped internal structure that supports the squid's mantle and serves as a site for muscle attachment. The
2757:
bacteria within hours of hatching. This light-organ colonization requires this particular bacterial species for a symbiotic relationship; no colonization occurs in the absence of
5829:
2947:
sometimes forms breeding aggregations which may create a "community pile" of egg strings. Some pelagic and deep sea squid do not attach their egg masses, which float freely.
2297:
have eyes of two different types and orientation. The large left eye is tubular in shape and looks upwards, presumably searching for the silhouettes of animals higher in the
4413:
5931:
6036:
3986:
7777:
1870:
of the ancestor is modified into a complex set of appendages around the mouth. The sense organs are highly developed and include advanced eyes similar to those of
2273:
The paired eyes, on either side of the head, are housed in capsules fused to the cranium. Their structure is very similar to that of a fish eye, with a globular
7973:
7816:
2918:), for example, employs a complex array of colour changes during courtship and social interactions and has a range of about 16 body patterns in its repertoire.
1984:, leading the animal as it moves through the water. A set of eight arms and two distinctive tentacles surround the mouth; each appendage takes the form of a
6686:
8047:
5231:
4515:
Derby, Charles D. (December 2007). "Escape by Inking and
Secreting: Marine Molluscs Avoid Predators Through a Rich Array of Chemicals and Mechanisms".
6729:
1972:
7947:
7790:
4872:
1926:
2811:
funnel always being pointed anteriorly, and travel is backwards. During this means of locomotion, some squid exit the water in a similar way to
5306:
3190:
3107:
2955:
Squid mostly have an annual life cycle, growing fast and dying soon after spawning. The diet changes as they grow but mostly consists of large
1846:, an early relative of vampire squids and octopuses. True squid diverged during the Jurassic, but many squid families appeared in or after the
2549:
at low ocean temperatures and low oxygen concentrations, and makes the oxygenated blood a deep, blue color. As systemic blood returns via two
5783:
5561:
5480:
5450:
5370:
5214:
4815:
4098:
3970:
2491:, a pouch-shaped sac where most of the absorption of nutrients takes place. Indigestible food can be passed directly from the stomach to the
2464:
helps to control large prey; when subdued, the food can be torn in pieces by the beak, moved to the oesophagus by the radula, and swallowed.
2380:
bacteria; both organs are associated with nutrient manufacture and forming shells for the eggs. The gonocoel enters the mantle cavity at the
2751:
In a well-studied bioluminescent species, the
Hawaiian bobtail squid, a special light organ in the squid's mantle is rapidly colonized with
6029:
4053:"Morphological character evolution and molecular trees in sepiids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda): is the cuttlebone a robust phylogenetic marker?"
2448:
equivalent synthetic organic materials. The stomachs of captured whales often have indigestible squid beaks inside. The mouth contains the
2111:) use counter-illumination camouflage, generating light to match the downwelling light from the ocean surface. This creates the effect of
2761:. Colonization occurs in a horizontal manner, such that the hosts acquires its bacterial partners from the environment. The symbiosis is
2162:
of different colours in the skin of a squid allow it to change its coloration and patterns rapidly, whether for camouflage or signalling.
5546:
Cephalopods of the World an
Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Cephalopod Species Known to Date Volume 2 Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids
4968:
2335:
in the posterior part of the body. Fertilisation is external and usually takes place in the mantle cavity of the female. The male has a
5695:
5650:
4946:
3098:
2885:
hunt cooperatively, spiralling up through the water at night and coordinating their vertical and horizontal movements while foraging.
2838:
has been filmed releasing blinding flashes of light from large photophores on its arms to illuminate and disorientate potential prey.
2340:
spermatophore is removed from the mantle cavity by a tentacle of the male, which is specially adapted for the purpose and known as a
6691:
5833:
5553:
4230:
3285:, adopted from Italian into English in the 17th century. Squid are found abundantly in certain areas, and provide large catches for
2866:
has the whole length of its whip-like tentacles covered with tiny suckers; it probably catches small organisms in the same way that
2513:
The squid mantle cavity is a seawater-filled sac containing three hearts and other organs supporting circulation, respiration, and
2372:, situated towards the posterior of the visceral mass. From here, eggs travel along the gonocoel, where there are a pair of white
7999:
7865:
8042:
6483:
6407:
6022:
4368:
1331:
5960:
5433:
Nemoto. T.; Okiyama M.; Takahashi, M. (1985). "Aspects of the Roles of Squid in Food Chains of Marine
Antarctic Ecosystems".
7952:
3855:"Molecular clocks indicate turnover and diversification of modern coleoid cephalopods during the Mesozoic Marine Revolution"
3161:, may have had a similar origin. The Nordic legend of the kraken may also have derived from sightings of large cephalopods.
7795:
4835:
8052:
8037:
7960:
7803:
6722:
5577:
Guerreiro, Miguel; Phillips, Richard A.; Cherel, Yves; Ceia, Filipe R.; Alvito, Pedro; Rosa, Rui; Xavier, José C. (2015).
4767:
Miserez, A.; Li, Y.; Waite, H.; Zok, F. (2007). "Jumbo squid beaks: Inspiration for design of robust organic composites".
2610:. This reservoir acts as a chemical buoyancy chamber, with the heavy metallic cations typical of seawater replaced by low
5984:
5329:
4902:
2439:
Like all cephalopods, squids are predators and have complex digestive systems. The mouth is equipped with a sharp, horny
145:
8032:
6455:
5769:
4716:
Tan, YerPeng; Hoon, Shawn; Guerette, Paul A.; Wei, Wei; Ghadban, Ali; Hao, Cai; Miserez, Ali; Waite, J. Herbert (2015).
4431:
2499:
into the mantle cavity. Cephalopods are short-lived, and in mature squid, priority is given to reproduction; the female
2281:
from 3 cm (1.2 in) to infinity. The image is focused by changing the position of the lens, as in a camera or
7738:
7725:
5765:
4114:
Johnson, W.; Soden, P. D.; Trueman, E. R. (1972). "A Study in Jet
Propulsion: An analysis of the motion of the squid,
2921:
The pair adopt a head-to-head position, and "jaw locking" may take place, in a similar manner to that adopted by some
120:
5994:
4186:
Young, R.; Roper, C. (March 1976). "Bioluminescent countershading in midwater animals: evidence from living squid".
7978:
7821:
7525:
5362:
3789:"Fossil coleoid cephalopod from the Mississippian Bear Gulch Lagerstätte sheds light on early vampyropod evolution"
3276:
is the main commercial species, harvested in large quantities across the North
Pacific in Canada, Japan and China.
2794:
1866:
such that the body plan has been condensed antero-posteriorly and extended dorso-ventrally. What may have been the
3224:
Squid form a major food resource and are used in cuisines around the world, notably in Japan where it is eaten as
3151:, the beak as the protruding tongue and fangs, and its tentacles as the snakes. The six-headed sea monster of the
7314:
7289:
5989:
5636:
5386:
Jackson, George D.; Jackson, Christine H. (2004). "Mating and spermatophore placement in the onychoteuthid squid
2994:
in South
Georgia, they found 96% squid by weight. In a single day, a sperm whale can eat 700 to 800 squid, and a
2670:
In 1978, sharp, curved claws on the suction cups of squid tentacles cut up the rubber coating on the hull of the
2667:, which grow to a mantle length of 10 to 18 mm (0.4 to 0.7 in), and have short bodies and stubby arms.
1444:
7650:
7346:
7102:
6715:
6601:
6362:
4996:
4582:
4380:
3714:
MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Decapodiformes. Accessed through: World
Register of Marine Species at:
3016:
2815:, gliding through the air for up to 50 m (160 ft), and occasionally ending up on the decks of ships.
2049:
1246:
5276:
7607:
7510:
7185:
7096:
6908:
6850:
6761:
5775:
5715:
5670:
3135:
3003:
2505:
for example, sheds its feeding tentacles on reaching maturity, and becomes flaccid and weak after spawning.
2240:
1837:
1085:
2765:
for the squid, but facultative for the bacteria. Once the bacteria enter the squid, they colonize interior
7665:
7600:
7246:
7213:
6813:
6663:
6596:
6547:
3120:
843:
31:
7743:
2696:
The eggs of squid are large for a mollusc, containing a large amount of yolk to nourish the embryo as it
474:
for "ten-legged"). Two other orders of decapodiform cephalopods are also called squid, although they are
7986:
7852:
7560:
7536:
7520:
7091:
7079:
6966:
6681:
6658:
6621:
6117:
6107:
5999:
3507:
3397:
3011:
3007:
2501:
2180:
1311:
1225:
566:
4698:
4604:
2376:, which lie anterior to the gills. Also present are red-spotted accessory nidamental glands containing
722:
536:
as illustrated. Orders are shown in boldface; all the families not included in those orders are in the
5496:
Würtz, M.; Poggi, R.; Clarke, Malcolm R. (1992). "Cephalopods from the stomachs of a Risso's dolphin (
2384:, and in some species, receptacles for storing spermatophores are located nearby, in the mantle wall.
2347:
871:
8004:
7921:
7831:
7712:
7241:
7144:
7069:
6941:
6903:
6840:
6776:
6112:
5590:
5509:
5399:
5050:
4938:
Octopus, Squid, and Cuttlefish: A Visual, Scientific Guide to the Oceans' Most Advanced Invertebrates
4389:
4195:
3800:
3715:
3041:
2911:
2910:
changes in body patterning take place in some species in both agonistic and courtship behaviour. The
2898:
2723:
for example lives from one to three years according to species, typically dying soon after spawning.
2518:
2356:
2175:
1878:
420:
345:
128:
7870:
5302:
5232:"Observations of wild hunting behaviour and bioluminescence of a large deep-sea, eight-armed squid,
3736:"Genus-level phylogeny of cephalopods using molecular markers: current status and problematic areas"
2028:
On the functionally ventral part of the body is an opening to the mantle cavity, which contains the
1112:
540:
order "Oegopsida", except Sepiadariidae and Sepiidae that are in the paraphyletic order "Sepiida",
7912:
7555:
7341:
6648:
5895:
5085:
4886:
4867:
4831:
4151:
3521:
3272:
3079:
3066:
3061:
2753:
2743:
2671:
2432:
2127:
2033:
2022:
1959:
1275:
513:
487:
435:". Squid have featured in literature since classical times, especially in tales of giant squid and
240:
2317:
1728:
7261:
7164:
7154:
7139:
7134:
7043:
7035:
7030:
6898:
6818:
6808:
6766:
6696:
6676:
5525:
5415:
5066:
4840:
4769:
4745:
4548:
4532:
4485:
4405:
3980:
3607:
3125:
2697:
2627:
get their buoyancy from an oily substance found in their liver and around their mantle and head.
2569:) in the vena cavae walls that enable gas exchange and excretion via the mantle cavity seawater.
2522:
1985:
475:
373:
333:
140:
7991:
5039:"A Geographical Information System (GIS) Atlas of cephalopod distribution in the Southern Ocean"
2995:
7857:
6533:
3147:
may have been inspired by squid or octopus, the animal itself representing the severed head of
1637:
1034:
7839:
7593:
7570:
7487:
7373:
7330:
7324:
7295:
7284:
7020:
7015:
6951:
6946:
6803:
6014:
5966:
5779:
5691:
5646:
5557:
5476:
5446:
5366:
5268:
5210:
5182:
4942:
4811:
4786:
4737:
4627:
4570:
4540:
4477:
4342:
4290:
4211:
4094:
4033:
3966:
3884:
3834:
3816:
3769:
3438:
3045:
3025:
2734:
2607:
2530:
2468:
2388:
2119:
2045:
1921:
940:
604:
478:
distinct from squids and differ recognizably in their gross anatomical features. They are the
412:
5356:
5204:
4936:
4805:
4088:
7844:
7782:
7482:
7434:
7384:
7378:
7319:
7256:
7149:
7085:
6885:
6792:
5847:
5598:
5517:
5438:
5407:
5258:
5250:
5172:
5164:
5058:
4881:
4778:
4729:
4677:
4566:
4524:
4469:
4397:
4332:
4324:
4280:
4203:
4146:
4127:
4064:
4023:
4013:
3962:
3874:
3866:
3824:
3808:
3759:
3749:
3669:
3591:
3452:
3374:
3363:
3089:
2730:
2546:
2396:
2373:
2266:
2011:
1527:
1499:
1390:
1307:
1271:
1108:
717:
620:
456:
360:
337:
6540:
2726:
2010:
inside the mantle cavity of a female. A ventral part of the foot has been converted into a
1504:
966:
945:
625:
7266:
7251:
7236:
7231:
6835:
6824:
6653:
6626:
6606:
6514:
6311:
5876:
5804:
5665:
4981:
4718:"Infiltration of chitin by protein coacervates defines the squid beak mechanical gradient"
3633:
3260:
3242:
3177:
3169:
3144:
3130:
2999:
2770:
2644:
2526:
2440:
2294:
2289:. Squid adjust to changes in light intensity by expanding and contracting the slit-shaped
1993:
1439:
1327:
996:
887:
866:
773:
672:
301:
5640:
5621:
5594:
5579:"Habitat and trophic ecology of Southern Ocean cephalopods from stable isotope analyses"
5513:
5403:
5168:
5054:
4456:
Nyholm, S. V.; McFall-Ngai, M. J. (August 2004). "The winnowing: establishing the squid-
4393:
4199:
3804:
2929:
2265:, and further ganglia below control the muscles of the mouth, foot, mantle and viscera.
2198:
1532:
799:
8027:
7703:
7624:
7565:
7515:
7505:
7409:
7180:
7159:
7074:
7010:
6990:
6641:
6616:
6519:
6504:
6232:
6192:
6127:
6055:
5263:
5177:
5148:
4863:
4337:
4312:
4028:
4001:
3879:
3854:
3829:
3788:
3764:
3735:
3681:
3582:
3527:
3502:
3484:
3479:
3458:
3433:
3053:
3049:
3021:
2882:
2862:
2847:
2834:
2685:
2640:
2611:
2558:
2534:
2480:
2278:
2274:
2219:
2188:, the animal's light helps to match its brightness and colour to the sea surface above.
2112:
2104:
2018:
1867:
1842:
1394:
1167:
1080:
1030:
838:
778:
695:
500:
471:
467:
424:
416:
381:
217:
5799:
5099:
5022:
Johnson, C. Scott (August 1978). "Sea Creatures and the Problem of Equipment Damage".
1133:
8021:
7629:
7530:
7423:
7416:
7336:
7208:
7203:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6961:
6913:
6893:
6631:
6509:
6499:
6281:
6276:
6204:
6177:
6122:
5070:
5038:
4749:
4574:
4069:
4052:
3637:
3266:
3203:
2991:
2905:) employs a complex array of colour changes during courtship and social interactions.
2705:
2566:
2410:
2361:
2323:
2228:
2159:
2096:
2056:
2007:
1943:
1907:
1548:
1476:
1241:
991:
961:
532:
cuttlefish are a kind of squid, then the squids, excluding the vampire squid, form a
495:
479:
432:
377:
317:
247:
77:
5529:
5419:
4489:
4409:
2426:
1553:
7276:
6798:
6579:
6569:
6473:
6296:
6222:
6064:
5956:
4552:
3621:
2976:
2871:
2713:
2624:
2599:
2351:
2341:
2306:
2298:
2246:
2048:
for background matching (in shallow water) and counter-illumination. This helps to
2000:
1723:
1424:
537:
517:
321:
207:
5877:"Review of the state of world marine fishery resources: Fisheries technical paper"
5830:"Squid – Overview: Food Market Exchange – B2B e-marketplace for the food industry"
5544:
5122:
3225:
2006:– and ends in a copulatory pad rather than suckers. This is used for depositing a
1698:
7717:
5738:
5685:
5470:
5442:
4782:
4328:
3956:
376:, and largely locate their prey by sight. They are among the most intelligent of
7965:
7934:
7906:
7808:
7764:
7730:
7697:
7442:
7169:
7049:
7025:
6956:
6936:
6918:
6855:
6830:
6636:
6589:
6574:
6556:
6259:
6227:
6139:
6102:
3413:
3392:
3369:
3302:
3217:
3181:
3165:
3116:
3102:
3094:
3037:
2980:
2956:
2812:
2774:
2709:
2654:
2636:
2619:
2582:
2472:
2400:
2092:
2078:
2074:
2069:
1829:
1673:
667:
547:
521:
436:
401:
385:
329:
52:
4717:
4311:
Mäthger, Lydia M; Denton, Eric J; Marshall, N. Justin; Hanlon, Roger T (2009).
4269:"Do cephalopods communicate using polarized light reflections from their skin?"
4018:
3812:
2649:
1677:
7634:
7474:
7400:
7117:
6786:
6584:
6478:
6465:
6372:
5521:
5411:
5062:
4401:
4313:"Mechanisms and behavioural functions of structural coloration in cephalopods"
3629:
3625:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3309:
2987:
2972:
2875:
2841:
2766:
2663:
2550:
2542:
2483:, which is equivalent to a vertebrate liver, diverticulates here, as does the
2444:
2392:
2301:. The normally-shaped right eye points forwards and downwards to detect prey.
2250:
2135:
2065:
2061:
1886:
1882:
1871:
1855:
1847:
448:
408:
256:
187:
97:
62:
7897:
5970:
3820:
7751:
7447:
7390:
7365:
6971:
6860:
6781:
6357:
6344:
6301:
6087:
5617:
4682:
4661:
4207:
3649:
3614:
3294:
3208:
3033:
3029:
2968:
2893:
2824:
2762:
2577:
2514:
2377:
2286:
2282:
2262:
2082:
1948:
1912:
1833:
1631:
1219:
1128:
892:
794:
579:
525:
509:
491:
483:
463:
452:
313:
277:
266:
236:
197:
157:
102:
7688:
5272:
5254:
5186:
4790:
4741:
4544:
4481:
4346:
4294:
4037:
3888:
3870:
3838:
3773:
2881:
Squid are among the most intelligent invertebrates. For example, groups of
1832:
coleoids (the common ancestor of octopuses and squid) diverged in the late
5149:"The importance of microbes in animal development: lessons from the squid-
4733:
4215:
1172:
7891:
7682:
7639:
6744:
6324:
6291:
6244:
6239:
6167:
6097:
6072:
5900:
4131:
3298:
3281:
3213:
2990:
and small fish. When researchers studied the contents of the stomachs of
2867:
2852:
2778:
2614:
2590:
2484:
2457:
2453:
2415:
2381:
2249:. Squids have a complex brain in the form of a nerve ring encircling the
2185:
2143:
1981:
1890:
1693:
1668:
600:
561:
529:
459:
393:
368:
356:
309:
305:
271:
231:
177:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
4536:
4002:"Chitin and chitosan nanofibers: preparation and chemical modifications"
2680:
In 2003, a large specimen of an abundant but poorly understood species,
2460:, which is equipped with multiple rows of teeth. In some species, toxic
7497:
7465:
7174:
7126:
7061:
6874:
6771:
6445:
6435:
6425:
6417:
6390:
6329:
6286:
6271:
6249:
6212:
6172:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6046:
4907:
Lichtenstein, 1818 (Oegopsida: Onychoteuthidae) from the Pacific Ocean"
4473:
4285:
4268:
3754:
3286:
3233:
3229:
3153:
3057:
2922:
2701:
2476:
2258:
2254:
2223:
2211:
2207:
2142:, with a lens below that; both the reflector and lens are derived from
2139:
2085:
1863:
1859:
397:
364:
341:
297:
107:
82:
7939:
5603:
5578:
505:), however, is more closely related to the octopus than to any squid.
17:
7769:
7584:
7223:
6982:
6928:
6845:
6611:
6440:
6430:
6395:
6264:
6254:
6077:
4528:
3185:
3158:
3148:
3140:
2960:
2939:
2719:
2603:
2586:
2562:
2538:
2492:
2461:
2449:
2336:
349:
167:
7659:
6004:
5037:
Xavier, J. C.; Rodhouse, P. G.; Trathan, P. N.; Wood, A. G. (1999).
7756:
2803:
of the muscular wall of the mantle cavity provides jet propulsion.
2344:, and placed inside the mantle cavity of the female during mating.
2261:
above the oesophagus receive sensory information from the eyes and
1988:
and is flexible and prehensile, usually bearing disc-like suckers.
7356:
7306:
7195:
6866:
6707:
6400:
6385:
6334:
6187:
6162:
6082:
5502:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
5392:
Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
3740:
3716:
https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=325342
3581:
3207:
3088:
2964:
2928:
2892:
2840:
2828:
2793:
2725:
2648:
2576:
2554:
2495:
where it joins the flow from the caecum and is voided through the
2488:
2425:
2369:
2346:
2332:
2316:
2290:
2197:
1971:
533:
389:
2967:
is the main constituent of the diet, with other food items being
2245:
Cephalopods have the most highly developed nervous systems among
7926:
6753:
6564:
6380:
6319:
6182:
6092:
3955:
Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
3290:
3020:, a common squid from the tropical Indo-Pacific, is predated by
2998:
entangled in a net in the Mediterranean was found to have eaten
2496:
2029:
528:"has proven very challenging to obtain". If it is accepted that
7663:
6711:
6018:
4935:
Roger Hanlon; Mike Vecchione; Louise Allcock (1 October 2018).
344:, but have a small internal skeleton in the form of a rod-like
6352:
6217:
4666:: implications for spermatophore transfer in deep-water squid"
3324:, the cephalopod catch for 2002 was 3,173,272 tonnes (6.995867
3321:
3048:. Sperm whales also hunt this species extensively as does the
2521:
heart that pumps blood around the body as part of the general
1999:
In the mature male, the outer half of one of the left arms is
512:, not fully resolved, is based on Sanchez et al., 2018. Their
5990:
Colossal Squid at the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa
3279:
In English-speaking countries, squid as food is often called
2798:
Hawaiian bobtail squid swimming slowly by undulating its fins
328:
despite not strictly fitting these criteria). Like all other
2851:
are covered with tiny suckers to catch small organisms like
4432:"Oceanic Bioluminescence: an Overview of General Functions"
2360:: one tentacle of the male is adapted for transferring the
4051:
Bonnaud, Laure; Lu, C. C.; Boucher-Rodoni, Renata (2006).
3594:
removes noise from noisy analog input (U), where ordinary
2878:
which may bring food within its reach by attracting prey.
2677:. The size suggested the largest squid known at the time.
2471:
is moved along the gut by waves of muscular contractions (
2218:
Squid distract attacking predators by ejecting a cloud of
2032:(ctenidia) and openings from the excretory, digestive and
2017:
The main body mass is enclosed in the mantle, which has a
3787:
Whalen, Christopher D.; Landman, Neil H. (8 March 2022).
3728:
3726:
3724:
2529:. The systemic heart consists of three chambers, a lower
1877:
The ancestral shell has been lost, with only an internal
2285:, rather than changing the shape of the lens, as in the
2044:
Squid make use of different kinds of camouflage, namely
5243:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3859:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
30:
This article is about cephalopods. For other uses, see
5896:"Squid-inspired 'skin' could lead to smart camouflage"
5716:"Are massive squid really the sea monsters of legend?"
4262:
4260:
3270:
on the American East Coast. Among the Ommastrephidae,
6009:
4231:"Cephalopod Camouflage: Cells and Organs of the Skin"
4164:
4162:
4369:"Counterillumination in the Hawaiian bobtail squid,
4147:"Fact or Fiction: Can a Squid Fly Out of the Water?"
2618:
in volume with pressure. Glass squids in the family
423:
camouflage, while many species can eject a cloud of
7881:
7672:
7617:
7583:
7546:
7496:
7473:
7464:
7433:
7399:
7364:
7355:
7305:
7275:
7222:
7194:
7125:
7116:
7060:
6981:
6927:
6884:
6752:
6743:
6555:
6492:
6464:
6416:
6371:
6343:
6310:
6203:
6138:
6063:
6054:
4267:Mäthger, L. M.; Shashar, N.; Hanlon, R. T. (2009).
4181:
4179:
4177:
2115:, making the underside lighter than the upperside.
255:
223:
139:
41:
5472:Squid Empire: The Rise and Fall of the Cephalopods
5330:"Observations on the Mating Behavior of the Squid
3606:the squid's adaptive camouflage have been made by
3014:, all identifiable from their indigestible beaks.
4997:"Meet The World's Smallest & Weirdest Squid,
4903:"Two New Species and a Review of the Squid Genus
4655:
4653:
4651:
4649:
355:Squid diverged from other cephalopods during the
5760:
5758:
5756:
3598:(A) does not. Green dashed lines are thresholds.
2479:roughly in the middle of the visceral mass. The
4306:
4304:
2733:of the large eye-like light-producing organ of
2331:The sexes are separate in squid, with a single
1862:. Squid have differentiated from the ancestral
320:(though many other molluscs within the broader
300:with an elongated soft body, large eyes, eight
5475:. University Press of New England. p. 2.
5209:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–49.
4887:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T163375A1003448.en
4660:Arkhipkin, A. I.; Laptikhovsky, V. V. (2010).
4093:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–26.
6723:
6030:
5355:Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998).
5203:Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998).
4804:Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998).
4451:
4449:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4229:Gilmore, R.; Crook, R.; Krans, J. L. (2016).
4087:Hanlon, Roger T.; Messenger, John B. (1998).
3253:
3247:
2777:protrusions. The bacteria also interact with
2327:with penis erected to 67 cm (26 in)
2014:through which water exits the mantle cavity.
524:marker sequences; they comment that a robust
8:
5709:
5707:
5198:
5196:
4626:Young, R. E.; Vecchione, M.; Mangold, K. M.
3985:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
5870:
5868:
5230:Kubodera, T.; Koyama, Y.; Mori, K. (2006).
4982:"Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet"
2475:). The long oesophagus leads to a muscular
7660:
7470:
7361:
7122:
6749:
6730:
6716:
6708:
6060:
6037:
6023:
6015:
5924:"Otto H. Schmitt, Como People of the Past"
5817:Definition of calamari: squid used as food
4810:. Cambridge University Press. p. 48.
3950:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3934:
3932:
3930:
3928:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3330:
2979:. Fish are also eaten, and some squid are
2138:, which has branches (diverticula) of its
1889:and appears to have evolved afresh in the
119:
38:
5602:
5262:
5176:
5024:United States Naval Institute Proceedings
4930:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4885:
4681:
4336:
4284:
4082:
4080:
4068:
4057:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
4027:
4017:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3898:
3878:
3828:
3763:
3753:
3228:, sliced into vermicelli-like strips; as
2118:Counter-illumination is also used by the
259:included but traditionally excluded taxa
5995:Market squid mating, laying eggs (video)
5687:Medusa:Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon
5464:
5462:
4367:Jones, B. W.; Nishiguchi, M. K. (2004).
3636:, replicating the axon's propagation of
3119:since classical times. Giant squid were
2430:Ventral view of the viscera of a female
2052:and allows them to approach their prey.
5714:Hogenboom, Melissa (12 December 2014).
5543:Jereb, P.; Roper, C.F.E., eds. (2010).
5435:Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs
4873:The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
3707:
3680:common name (whip-lash) is shared with
3668:common name (whip-lash) is shared with
3661:
2148:
1895:
4317:Journal of the Royal Society Interface
3978:
3691:
3689:
3191:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
3172:" featured a man-eating squid species
3108:Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas
2657:. The bars are a metre (3 feet) apart.
2553:to the branchial hearts, excretion of
1976:Basic squid features (ventral aspect)
7:
7832:94dbaefc-92eb-460b-ab36-b1d90b170a50
4662:"Observation of penis elongation in
4502:
4373:Berry (Mollusca : Cephalopoda)"
4251:
4168:
2704:larval stage. The embryo grows as a
2585:) is mainly filled by a transparent
2509:Cardiovascular and excretory systems
2055:The skin is covered in controllable
340:. They are mainly soft-bodied, like
5303:"Coordinated Hunting in Red Devils"
5169:10.1146/annurev-micro-091313-103654
5123:"Colossal squid's big eye revealed"
5100:"Microwave plan for colossal squid"
4984:. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
4836:"Octopuses and the Puzzle of Aging"
3610:researchers using an electroactive
2870:traps flies. The tentacles of some
2487:, and both of these empty into the
2368:The female has a large translucent
1660:
1653:
1623:
1520:
1492:
1469:
1417:
1410:
1383:
1300:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1101:
1073:
1066:
1059:
933:
926:
859:
831:
824:
766:
759:
752:
745:
738:
710:
688:
660:
653:
593:
585:
553:
543:
293:
5086:"Colossal squid gifted to Te Papa"
4699:"Super squid sex organ discovered"
4419:from the original on 11 June 2010.
2565:occurs through outpockets (called
25:
8048:Extant Devonian first appearances
6000:Scientific American – Giant Squid
5554:Food and Agriculture Organization
5309:from the original on 11 June 2012
2452:, the rough tongue common to all
2178:camouflage of the firefly squid,
2050:protect them from their predators
27:Superorder of cephalopod molluscs
6546:
6539:
6532:
6010:The Octopus News Magazine Online
5121:Black, Richard (30 April 2008).
4070:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2006.00664.x
3188:-like monster in his 1870 novel
2387:In shallow-water species of the
2293:. Deep sea squids in the family
2167:
2151:
1934:
1898:
1727:
1697:
1676:
1636:
1552:
1531:
1503:
1443:
1393:
1330:
1310:
1274:
1245:
1224:
1171:
1132:
1111:
1084:
1033:
995:
965:
944:
891:
870:
842:
798:
777:
721:
671:
624:
603:
565:
144:
5894:Culpan, Daniel (16 June 2015).
5084:Anderton, Jim (21 March 2007).
4995:Rowlett, Joe (6 October 2017).
4941:. University of Chicago Press.
4273:Journal of Experimental Biology
4120:Journal of Experimental Biology
3264:in the Northeast Atlantic; and
3246:in the Mediterranean (known as
2235:Nervous system and sense organs
589:Octopuses and allies
447:Squid are members of the class
5962:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
5642:The Search for the Giant Squid
5583:Marine Ecology Progress Series
4605:"The cephalopods can hear you"
4430:Young, Richard Edward (1983).
3620:The squid giant axon inspired
3602:Prototype chromatophores that
3240:are used in large quantities:
2769:in the light organ, living in
2253:, enclosed in a cartilaginous
1244:(pyjama and bottletail squid)
332:, squid have a distinct head,
1:
5832:. August 2002. Archived from
5301:Smith, Helena (5 June 2012).
5157:Annual Review of Microbiology
4603:Walker, Matt (15 June 2009).
3115:Giant squid have featured as
2963:. In Antarctica for example,
2741:. The organ houses symbiotic
2206:from the lower Jurassic; the
2194:Predator distraction with ink
2077:appears to be regulated by a
1952:
1916:
1885:or sepion of the Sepiidae is
5771:The Oxford Companion to Food
5443:10.1007/978-3-642-82275-9_58
4783:10.1016/j.actbio.2006.09.004
4670:Journal of Molluscan Studies
4329:10.1098/rsif.2008.0366.focus
2184:. When seen from below by a
407:Squid can change colour for
5690:. Oxford University Press.
5500:) from the Mediterranean".
5147:McFall-Ngai, M. J. (2014).
4462:Nature Reviews Microbiology
3695:Nei: not elsewhere included
2860:pieces. The deep sea squid
2845:The whip-like tentacles of
1840:), according to fossils of
8069:
5875:Rodhouse, Paul G. (2005).
5363:Cambridge University Press
5338:Bulletin of Marine Science
4911:Bulletin of Marine Science
4697:Walker, M. (7 July 2010).
4634:. Tree of Life Web Project
4436:Bulletin of Marine Science
4145:Jabr, F. (2 August 2010).
4019:10.3390/molecules191118367
3813:10.1038/s41467-022-28333-5
3201:
3077:
3042:scalloped hammerhead shark
2682:Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni
2634:
2581:The body of glass squids (
2443:mainly made of chitin and
2238:
29:
7648:
7232:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
6672:
6530:
5848:"California Market Squid"
5768:(2014). Tom Jaine (ed.).
5684:Wilk, Stephen R. (2000).
5522:10.1017/S0025315400060094
5412:10.1017/S0025315404009932
5088:. New Zealand Government.
5063:10.1017/S0954102099000097
4402:10.1007/s00227-003-1285-3
3463:Argentine shortfin squid
3333:World squid catch in 2002
2700:, without an intervening
2210:is still full of black eu
2068:that, when activated, in
1721:
1691:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1628:
1621:
1546:
1525:
1518:
1497:
1490:
1474:
1467:
1437:
1422:
1415:
1408:
1388:
1381:
1325:
1305:
1298:
1269:
1239:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1165:
1126:
1106:
1099:
1078:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1028:
989:
959:
938:
931:
924:
885:
864:
857:
836:
829:
822:
792:
771:
764:
757:
750:
743:
736:
715:
708:
693:
686:
665:
658:
651:
618:
598:
591:
583:
558:
551:
392:, other fish, sea birds,
263:
228:
141:Scientific classification
127:
118:
48:Early Cretaceous – Recent
7103:Placopecten magellanicus
6947:New Zealand green-lipped
5774:(3rd ed.). Oxford:
5741:. The Literature Network
5556:Rome. pp. 309–310.
5328:Arnold, John M. (1965).
4583:Tree of Life Web Project
3532:Wellington flying squid
3133:(1st century AD) in his
3123:(4th century BC) in his
3017:Ornithoteuthis volatilis
869:(Grimaldi scaled squid)
419:, using their light for
388:. They are preyed on by
7608:Acanthopleura granulata
7177:(group of four species)
5776:Oxford University Press
4901:Bolstad, K. S. (2008).
4868:"Onychoteuthis banksii"
4722:Nature Chemical Biology
4517:The Biological Bulletin
4208:10.1126/science.1251214
3064:are major predators of
3046:smooth hammerhead shark
2241:Cephalopod intelligence
943:(sharpear enope squid)
490:of the monotypic order
427:to distract predators.
8043:Cretaceous cephalopods
7601:Acanthopleura echinata
7511:Atlantic white-spotted
6962:Asian/Philippine green
5332:Sepioteuthis sepioidea
5255:10.1098/rspb.2006.0236
3871:10.1098/rspb.2016.2818
3599:
3429:Ommastrephes bartramii
3297:, and high in copper,
3254:
3248:
3221:
3121:described by Aristotle
3112:
2934:
2916:Sepioteuthis sepioidea
2906:
2903:Sepioteuthis sepioidea
2856:
2799:
2748:
2735:Hawaiian bobtail squid
2658:
2594:
2436:
2365:
2328:
2215:
2120:Hawaiian bobtail squid
1977:
1925:, middle Jurassic) of
466:are in the superorder
443:Taxonomy and phylogeny
133:Sepioteuthis sepioidea
32:Squid (disambiguation)
7987:Paleobiology Database
7853:Paleobiology Database
7537:Amphioctopus fangsiao
7181:South African abalone
7053:("true oyster" genus)
6819:California butterclam
6682:World fish production
6045:Principal commercial
5881:World Squid Resources
5737:Wells, H. G. (1896).
5469:Staaf, Danna (2017).
4880:: e.T163375A1003448.
4734:10.1038/nchembio.1833
4683:10.1093/mollus/eyq019
3793:Nature Communications
3585:
3508:Japanese flying squid
3398:Longfin inshore squid
3211:
3092:
3085:In literature and art
3078:Further information:
3062:wandering albatrosses
3012:European flying squid
2932:
2896:
2844:
2797:
2729:
2652:
2580:
2567:nephridial appendages
2502:Onychoteuthis banksii
2429:
2350:
2320:
2239:Further information:
2201:
2181:Watasenia scintillans
2101:Watasenia scintillans
1975:
1858:, the squids and the
386:hunting cooperatively
384:having been observed
359:and occupy a similar
8053:Mollusc common names
8038:Cenozoic cephalopods
7262:Ribbed Mediterranean
6777:Grooved carpet shell
5778:. pp. 773–774.
5437:. pp. 415–420.
5358:Cephalopod Behaviour
5206:Cephalopod Behaviour
5102:. BBC. 22 March 2007
4832:Godfrey-Smith, Peter
4807:Cephalopod Behaviour
4632:Cephalopoda Glossary
4323:(suppl_2): S149–63.
4132:10.1242/jeb.56.1.155
4090:Cephalopod Behaviour
3965:. pp. 343–367.
3958:Invertebrate Zoology
3586:Schmitt trigger (B)
3117:monsters of the deep
3099:Alphonse de Neuville
3000:angel clubhook squid
2912:Caribbean reef squid
2899:Caribbean reef squid
2631:Largest and smallest
2545:, which is used for
2517:. Squid have a main
2357:Uroteuthis duvauceli
2204:Loligosepia aalensis
2176:counter-illumination
2034:reproductive systems
421:counter-illumination
129:Caribbean reef squid
8033:Commercial molluscs
7257:Rayed Mediterranean
6851:Japanese littleneck
6005:The Cephalopod Page
5595:2015MEPS..530..119G
5514:1992JMBUK..72..861W
5404:2004JMBUK..84..783J
5282:on 16 February 2007
5249:(1613): 1029–1034.
5055:1999AntSc..11...61X
4980:O'Shea, S. (2003).
4834:(2 December 2016).
4394:2004MarBi.144.1151J
4200:1976Sci...191.1046Y
4194:(4231): 1046–1048.
4152:Scientific American
3805:2022NatCo..13.1107W
3522:Nototodarus sloanii
3498:Todarodes pacificus
3335:
3273:Todarodes pacificus
3236:. Three species of
3080:Molluscs in culture
3067:Gonatus antarcticus
3026:longnose lancetfish
3008:reverse jewel squid
2754:Aliivibrio fischeri
2744:Aliivibrio fischeri
2433:Chtenopteryx sicula
2313:Reproductive system
2132:Aliivibrio fischeri
1958:, upper Jurassic),
1927:La Voulte-sur-Rhône
1635:(ram's horn squid)
514:molecular phylogeny
415:. Some species are
367:fish as open water
7630:Land snail farming
7044:Gillardeau oysters
6762:Atlantic jackknife
6697:Fisheries glossary
6687:Commercial species
6677:Commercial fishing
6065:Large pelagic fish
5985:CephBase: Teuthida
5922:Sullivan, Connie.
5671:Naturalis historia
5623:Historia animalium
5388:Moroteuthis ingens
4841:The New York Times
4770:Acta Biomaterialia
4571:Vecchione, Michael
4474:10.1038/nrmicro957
4286:10.1242/jeb.020800
4000:Ifuku, S. (2014).
3865:(1850): 20162818.
3755:10.7717/peerj.4331
3608:Bristol University
3600:
3331:
3316:Commercial fishing
3222:
3174:Haploteuthis ferox
3126:History of Animals
3113:
3030:common dolphinfish
2935:
2907:
2857:
2800:
2749:
2659:
2602:of a fish, in the
2595:
2593:ions for buoyancy.
2523:circulatory system
2437:
2366:
2329:
2257:. Paired cerebral
2216:
2128:symbiotic bacteria
2095:squid such as the
2081:process affecting
1986:muscular hydrostat
1978:
1502:(whip-lash squid)
1479:(bush-club squid)
1442:(cock-eyed squid)
1170:(whip-lash squid)
334:bilateral symmetry
8015:
8014:
7840:Open Tree of Life
7666:Taxon identifiers
7657:
7656:
7635:Gastropod anatomy
7594:Chiton magnificus
7579:
7578:
7556:New Zealand arrow
7460:
7459:
7456:
7455:
7331:Kelletia lischkei
7296:Littorina sitkana
7242:Yellow-foot opihi
7112:
7111:
7006:Colchester native
6705:
6704:
6602:Freshwater prawns
6528:
6527:
5934:on 7 October 2013
5836:on 27 March 2010.
5785:978-0-19-967733-7
5739:"The Sea Raiders"
5604:10.3354/meps11266
5563:978-92-5-106720-8
5482:978-1-5126-0128-2
5452:978-3-642-82277-3
5372:978-0-521-64583-6
5305:. Deep Sea News.
5216:978-0-521-64583-6
5043:Antarctic Science
4817:978-0-521-64583-6
4567:Young, Richard E.
4371:Euprymna scolopes
4279:(14): 2133–2140.
4100:978-0-521-64583-6
3972:978-81-315-0104-7
3575:
3574:
3439:Neon flying squid
3410:Common squid nei
3320:According to the
3184:told a tale of a
3093:Giant squid-like
2739:Euprymna scolopes
2698:develops directly
2608:connective tissue
2397:mesopelagic zones
2389:continental shelf
2374:nidamental glands
2124:Euprymna scolopes
2046:active camouflage
1821:
1820:
1812:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1794:
1793:
1785:
1784:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1758:
1757:
1749:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1710:
1709:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1592:
1591:
1583:
1582:
1574:
1573:
1565:
1564:
1530:(Joubin's squid)
1456:
1455:
1370:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1287:
1286:
1258:
1257:
1184:
1183:
1154:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1046:
1045:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
978:
977:
941:Ancistrocheiridae
913:
912:
904:
903:
811:
810:
637:
636:
380:, with groups of
286:
285:
244:
113:
16:(Redirected from
8060:
8008:
8007:
7995:
7994:
7982:
7981:
7969:
7968:
7966:NHMSYS0021055195
7956:
7955:
7943:
7942:
7930:
7929:
7917:
7916:
7915:
7902:
7901:
7900:
7874:
7873:
7861:
7860:
7848:
7847:
7835:
7834:
7825:
7824:
7812:
7811:
7809:NHMSYS0021055248
7799:
7798:
7786:
7785:
7773:
7772:
7760:
7759:
7747:
7746:
7734:
7733:
7721:
7720:
7708:
7707:
7706:
7693:
7692:
7691:
7661:
7471:
7385:Chorus giganteus
7362:
7123:
7086:Pecten jacobaeus
6793:Mactra stultorum
6750:
6732:
6725:
6718:
6709:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6118:southern bluefin
6108:Atlantic bluefin
6061:
6039:
6032:
6025:
6016:
5974:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5930:. Archived from
5919:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5908:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5872:
5863:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5826:
5820:
5819:
5814:
5812:
5796:
5790:
5789:
5762:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5711:
5702:
5701:
5681:
5675:
5663:
5657:
5656:
5633:
5627:
5615:
5609:
5608:
5606:
5574:
5568:
5567:
5551:
5540:
5534:
5533:
5493:
5487:
5486:
5466:
5457:
5456:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5383:
5377:
5376:
5352:
5346:
5345:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5298:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:
5281:
5275:. Archived from
5266:
5240:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5200:
5191:
5190:
5180:
5144:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5081:
5075:
5074:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5019:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5008:
4992:
4986:
4985:
4977:
4971:
4966:
4960:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4932:
4919:
4918:
4898:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4801:
4795:
4794:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4713:
4707:
4706:
4694:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4657:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4614:
4612:
4600:
4594:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4563:
4557:
4556:
4529:10.2307/25066645
4512:
4506:
4500:
4494:
4493:
4453:
4444:
4443:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4388:(6): 1151–1155.
4377:
4364:
4351:
4350:
4340:
4308:
4299:
4298:
4288:
4264:
4255:
4249:
4243:
4242:
4235:Nature Education
4226:
4220:
4219:
4183:
4172:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4111:
4105:
4104:
4084:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4031:
4021:
4012:(11): 18367–80.
3997:
3991:
3990:
3984:
3976:
3963:CEngage Learning
3961:(7th ed.).
3952:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3849:
3843:
3842:
3832:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3767:
3757:
3730:
3719:
3712:
3696:
3693:
3684:
3678:
3672:
3670:Mastigoteuthidae
3666:
3592:squid giant axon
3453:Illex argentinus
3375:Patagonian squid
3364:Doryteuthis gahi
3336:
3327:
3261:L. forbesii
3257:
3251:
3243:L. vulgaris
2767:epithelial cells
2759:A. fischeri
2731:Sagittal section
2612:molecular-weight
2547:oxygen transport
2527:branchial hearts
2422:Digestive system
2309:system of fish.
2171:
2155:
1957:
1954:
1938:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1731:
1701:
1680:
1672:(neritic squid)
1661:
1654:
1640:
1624:
1556:
1535:
1528:Joubiniteuthidae
1521:
1507:
1500:Mastigoteuthidae
1493:
1470:
1447:
1418:
1411:
1397:
1391:Brachioteuthidae
1384:
1334:
1314:
1308:Thysanoteuthidae
1301:
1278:
1272:Chtenopterygidae
1249:
1228:
1223:(bobtail squid)
1212:
1205:
1198:
1175:
1136:
1131:(armhook squid)
1115:
1109:Pholidoteuthidae
1102:
1088:
1074:
1067:
1060:
1037:
999:
969:
964:(firefly squid)
948:
934:
927:
895:
890:(octopus squid)
874:
860:
846:
832:
825:
802:
797:(glass squid B)
781:
767:
760:
753:
746:
739:
725:
720:(glacial squid)
718:Psychroteuthidae
711:
689:
675:
670:(glass squid A)
661:
654:
628:
623:(vampire squid)
621:Vampyroteuthidae
607:
594:
586:
569:
554:
544:
488:ram's horn squid
348:or pen, made of
324:are also called
295:
239:
224:Groups included
149:
148:
123:
112:
49:
45:Temporal range:
44:
39:
21:
8068:
8067:
8063:
8062:
8061:
8059:
8058:
8057:
8018:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8003:
7998:
7990:
7985:
7977:
7972:
7964:
7959:
7951:
7946:
7938:
7933:
7925:
7920:
7911:
7910:
7905:
7896:
7895:
7890:
7877:
7869:
7864:
7856:
7851:
7843:
7838:
7830:
7828:
7820:
7815:
7807:
7802:
7794:
7789:
7781:
7776:
7768:
7763:
7755:
7750:
7742:
7737:
7729:
7724:
7716:
7711:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7687:
7686:
7681:
7668:
7658:
7653:
7644:
7640:Bivalve anatomy
7613:
7575:
7561:Japanese flying
7542:
7492:
7452:
7429:
7395:
7351:
7301:
7271:
7252:Common European
7218:
7190:
7108:
7092:Peruvian calico
7056:
6977:
6974:(mussel family)
6923:
6880:
6825:Senilia senilis
6739:
6738:Edible mollusks
6736:
6706:
6701:
6668:
6607:Gilt-head bream
6551:
6545:
6544:
6538:
6537:
6524:
6515:Lobster fishing
6488:
6460:
6412:
6367:
6345:Other wild fish
6339:
6312:Freshwater fish
6306:
6199:
6134:
6113:Pacific bluefin
6050:
6043:
5981:
5955:
5952:
5947:
5937:
5935:
5921:
5920:
5916:
5906:
5904:
5893:
5892:
5888:
5874:
5873:
5866:
5856:
5854:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5828:
5827:
5823:
5810:
5808:
5805:Merriam-Webster
5798:
5797:
5793:
5786:
5764:
5763:
5754:
5744:
5742:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5713:
5712:
5705:
5698:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5666:Pliny the Elder
5664:
5660:
5653:
5635:
5634:
5630:
5616:
5612:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5564:
5549:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5498:Grampus griseus
5495:
5494:
5490:
5483:
5468:
5467:
5460:
5453:
5432:
5431:
5427:
5385:
5384:
5380:
5373:
5354:
5353:
5349:
5327:
5326:
5322:
5312:
5310:
5300:
5299:
5295:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5238:
5229:
5228:
5224:
5217:
5202:
5201:
5194:
5146:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5119:
5115:
5105:
5103:
5098:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5026:(599): 106–107.
5021:
5020:
5016:
5006:
5004:
4994:
4993:
4989:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4963:
4953:
4951:
4949:
4934:
4933:
4922:
4900:
4899:
4895:
4864:Allcock, Louise
4861:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4830:
4829:
4825:
4818:
4803:
4802:
4798:
4766:
4765:
4761:
4715:
4714:
4710:
4696:
4695:
4691:
4659:
4658:
4647:
4637:
4635:
4625:
4624:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4602:
4601:
4597:
4587:
4585:
4577:Histioteuthidae
4565:
4564:
4560:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4501:
4497:
4455:
4454:
4447:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4416:
4375:
4366:
4365:
4354:
4310:
4309:
4302:
4266:
4265:
4258:
4250:
4246:
4228:
4227:
4223:
4185:
4184:
4175:
4167:
4160:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4116:Loligo vulgaris
4113:
4112:
4108:
4101:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4050:
4049:
4045:
3999:
3998:
3994:
3977:
3973:
3954:
3953:
3896:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3786:
3785:
3781:
3732:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3700:
3699:
3694:
3687:
3679:
3675:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3646:
3634:Schmitt trigger
3632:now called the
3580:
3475:Dosidicus gigas
3349:
3325:
3318:
3306:
3206:
3200:
3178:science fiction
3170:The Sea Raiders
3168:' short story "
3164:In literature,
3145:Greek mythology
3136:Natural History
3131:Pliny the Elder
3087:
3082:
3076:
2996:Risso's dolphin
2953:
2891:
2821:
2792:
2787:
2710:top of the yolk
2694:
2647:
2645:Cephalopod size
2633:
2575:
2511:
2481:digestive gland
2424:
2315:
2295:Histioteuthidae
2243:
2237:
2196:
2189:
2172:
2163:
2156:
2109:Abralia veranyi
2042:
1970:
1963:
1955:
1939:
1930:
1919:
1913:Lower Callovian
1903:
1827:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1711:
1611:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1551:(bigfin squid)
1457:
1440:Histioteuthidae
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1328:Enoploteuthidae
1288:
1259:
1185:
1155:
1146:
1083:(flying squid)
1047:
1018:
1009:
979:
914:
905:
888:Octopoteuthidae
867:Lepidoteuthidae
812:
776:(hooked squid)
774:Onychoteuthidae
638:
445:
400:, particularly
143:
114:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
47:
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8066:
8064:
8056:
8055:
8050:
8045:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8020:
8019:
8013:
8012:
8010:
8009:
7996:
7983:
7970:
7957:
7944:
7931:
7918:
7913:Decapodiformes
7903:
7887:
7885:
7883:Decapodiformes
7879:
7878:
7876:
7875:
7862:
7849:
7836:
7826:
7813:
7800:
7787:
7774:
7761:
7748:
7735:
7722:
7709:
7694:
7678:
7676:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7646:
7645:
7643:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7625:Oyster farming
7621:
7619:
7618:Related topics
7615:
7614:
7612:
7611:
7604:
7597:
7589:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7577:
7576:
7574:
7573:
7568:
7563:
7558:
7552:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7533:
7528:
7523:
7518:
7513:
7508:
7502:
7500:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7490:
7485:
7479:
7477:
7468:
7462:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7439:
7437:
7431:
7430:
7428:
7427:
7420:
7413:
7410:Cornu aspersum
7405:
7403:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7381:
7376:
7370:
7368:
7359:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7311:
7309:
7303:
7302:
7300:
7299:
7292:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7272:
7270:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7228:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7200:
7198:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7188:
7183:
7178:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7131:
7129:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7110:
7109:
7107:
7106:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7066:
7064:
7058:
7057:
7055:
7054:
7046:
7041:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6998:
6993:
6987:
6985:
6979:
6978:
6976:
6975:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6933:
6931:
6925:
6924:
6922:
6921:
6919:Giant Atlantic
6916:
6911:
6906:
6901:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6871:
6863:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6843:
6841:Triangle shell
6838:
6833:
6828:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6789:
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6758:
6756:
6747:
6741:
6740:
6737:
6735:
6734:
6727:
6720:
6712:
6703:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6692:Fishing topics
6689:
6684:
6679:
6673:
6670:
6669:
6667:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6645:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6593:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6572:
6561:
6559:
6553:
6552:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6525:
6523:
6522:
6520:Shrimp fishery
6517:
6512:
6507:
6505:Crab fisheries
6502:
6496:
6494:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6481:
6476:
6470:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6422:
6420:
6414:
6413:
6411:
6410:
6405:
6404:
6403:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6377:
6375:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6327:
6322:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6307:
6305:
6304:
6299:
6297:Smelt-whitings
6294:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6269:
6268:
6267:
6262:
6257:
6252:
6247:
6237:
6236:
6235:
6233:Alaska pollock
6230:
6225:
6215:
6209:
6207:
6201:
6200:
6198:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6144:
6142:
6136:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6131:
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6100:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6069:
6067:
6058:
6052:
6051:
6049:species groups
6044:
6042:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6019:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5980:
5979:External links
5977:
5976:
5975:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:
5914:
5886:
5864:
5839:
5821:
5791:
5784:
5752:
5729:
5703:
5697:978-0199887736
5696:
5676:
5658:
5652:978-0140286762
5651:
5637:Ellis, Richard
5628:
5610:
5569:
5562:
5535:
5508:(4): 861–867.
5488:
5481:
5458:
5451:
5425:
5398:(4): 783–784.
5378:
5371:
5365:. p. 42.
5347:
5320:
5293:
5234:Taningia danae
5222:
5215:
5192:
5139:
5113:
5091:
5076:
5029:
5014:
4987:
4972:
4961:
4948:978-0226459561
4947:
4920:
4893:
4854:
4823:
4816:
4796:
4777:(1): 139–149.
4759:
4728:(7): 488–495.
4708:
4703:BBC Earth News
4689:
4676:(3): 299–300.
4645:
4628:"Hectocotylus"
4618:
4595:
4579:Verrill, 1881"
4558:
4523:(3): 274–289.
4507:
4505:, p. 381.
4495:
4468:(8): 632–642.
4445:
4422:
4381:Marine Biology
4352:
4300:
4256:
4254:, p. 383.
4244:
4221:
4173:
4158:
4137:
4126:(1): 155–165.
4106:
4099:
4076:
4063:(1): 139–150.
4043:
3992:
3971:
3894:
3844:
3779:
3720:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3682:Chiroteuthidae
3673:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3645:
3642:
3638:nerve impulses
3579:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3533:
3530:
3528:Ommastrephidae
3525:
3517:
3516:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3503:Ommastrephidae
3500:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3485:Humboldt squid
3482:
3480:Ommastrephidae
3477:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3464:
3461:
3459:Ommastrephidae
3456:
3448:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3436:
3434:Ommastrephidae
3431:
3425:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3317:
3314:
3304:
3267:L. pealei
3202:Main article:
3199:
3196:
3101:to illustrate
3086:
3083:
3075:
3072:
3054:Southern Ocean
3050:brown fur seal
3022:yellowfin tuna
3004:umbrella squid
2992:elephant seals
2971:, other small
2952:
2949:
2890:
2887:
2883:Humboldt squid
2863:Mastigoteuthis
2848:Mastigoteuthis
2835:Taningia danae
2820:
2817:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2693:
2690:
2686:colossal squid
2641:Colossal squid
2632:
2629:
2625:Bathyteuthidae
2574:
2571:
2559:carbon dioxide
2541:-rich protein
2533:and two upper
2510:
2507:
2423:
2420:
2314:
2311:
2279:depth of focus
2236:
2233:
2229:chemoreceptors
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2160:chromatophores
2157:
2150:
2113:countershading
2105:midwater squid
2057:chromatophores
2041:
2038:
2001:hectocotylised
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1956: 150 Mya
1940:
1933:
1931:
1904:
1897:
1843:Syllipsimopodi
1826:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1773:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1726:(pygmy squid)
1720:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1664:
1659:
1657:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1572:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1510:
1509:
1496:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1215:
1210:
1208:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1168:Chiroteuthidae
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1105:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1081:Ommastrephidae
1077:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1031:Bathyteuthidae
1027:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
988:
985:
984:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
937:
932:
930:
925:
923:
920:
919:
916:
915:
911:
910:
907:
906:
902:
901:
898:
897:
884:
881:
880:
877:
876:
863:
858:
856:
853:
852:
849:
848:
841:(giant squid)
839:Architeuthidae
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
791:
788:
787:
784:
783:
770:
765:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
742:
737:
735:
732:
731:
728:
727:
714:
709:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
696:Cycloteuthidae
692:
687:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
664:
659:
657:
652:
650:
648:Decapodiformes
644:
643:
640:
639:
635:
634:
631:
630:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
597:
592:
590:
584:
582:
576:
575:
572:
571:
557:
552:
550:
542:
501:Vampyroteuthis
468:Decapodiformes
444:
441:
417:bioluminescent
382:Humboldt squid
374:jet propulsion
308:in the orders
296:: squid) is a
284:
283:
282:
281:
275:
269:
261:
260:
253:
252:
251:
250:
245:
234:
226:
225:
221:
220:
218:Decapodiformes
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
125:
124:
116:
115:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
50:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8065:
8054:
8051:
8049:
8046:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8029:
8026:
8025:
8023:
8006:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7988:
7984:
7980:
7975:
7971:
7967:
7962:
7958:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7936:
7932:
7928:
7923:
7919:
7914:
7908:
7904:
7899:
7893:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7880:
7872:
7867:
7863:
7859:
7854:
7850:
7846:
7841:
7837:
7833:
7827:
7823:
7818:
7814:
7810:
7805:
7801:
7797:
7792:
7788:
7784:
7779:
7775:
7771:
7766:
7762:
7758:
7753:
7749:
7745:
7740:
7736:
7732:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7705:
7699:
7695:
7690:
7684:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7671:
7667:
7662:
7652:
7647:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7616:
7610:
7609:
7605:
7603:
7602:
7598:
7596:
7595:
7591:
7590:
7588:
7586:
7582:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7559:
7557:
7554:
7553:
7551:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7538:
7534:
7532:
7529:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7521:Pacific giant
7519:
7517:
7514:
7512:
7509:
7507:
7504:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7495:
7489:
7486:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7476:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7463:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7440:
7438:
7436:
7432:
7426:
7425:
7424:Helix pomatia
7421:
7419:
7418:
7417:Helix lucorum
7414:
7412:
7411:
7407:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7386:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7371:
7369:
7367:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7332:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7312:
7310:
7308:
7304:
7298:
7297:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7282:
7280:
7278:
7274:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7227:
7225:
7221:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7193:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7179:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7132:
7130:
7128:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7115:
7105:
7104:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7087:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7071:
7068:
7067:
7065:
7063:
7059:
7052:
7051:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7038:
7037:Ostra chilena
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6980:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6942:Mediterranean
6940:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6930:
6926:
6920:
6917:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6872:
6870:(razor genus)
6869:
6868:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6809:Pacific razor
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6794:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6767:Atlantic surf
6765:
6763:
6760:
6759:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6733:
6728:
6726:
6721:
6719:
6714:
6713:
6710:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6688:
6685:
6683:
6680:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6624:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6576:
6573:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6549:
6542:
6535:
6521:
6518:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6510:Krill fishery
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6500:Cod fisheries
6498:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6475:
6474:Sea cucumbers
6472:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6463:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6419:
6415:
6409:
6406:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6378:
6376:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6350:
6348:
6346:
6342:
6336:
6333:
6331:
6328:
6326:
6323:
6321:
6318:
6317:
6315:
6313:
6309:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6282:Orange roughy
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6266:
6263:
6261:
6258:
6256:
6253:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6242:
6241:
6238:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6206:
6205:Demersal fish
6202:
6194:
6191:
6190:
6189:
6186:
6184:
6181:
6179:
6176:
6174:
6171:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6137:
6129:
6126:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6109:
6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6076:
6074:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6066:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6053:
6048:
6040:
6035:
6033:
6028:
6026:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5972:
5968:
5964:
5963:
5958:
5957:Cott, Hugh B.
5954:
5953:
5949:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5918:
5915:
5903:
5902:
5897:
5890:
5887:
5882:
5878:
5871:
5869:
5865:
5853:
5849:
5843:
5840:
5835:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5818:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5787:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5772:
5767:
5766:Alan Davidson
5761:
5759:
5757:
5753:
5740:
5733:
5730:
5717:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5699:
5693:
5689:
5688:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5644:
5643:
5638:
5632:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5619:
5614:
5611:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5570:
5565:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5531:
5527:
5523:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5499:
5492:
5489:
5484:
5478:
5474:
5473:
5465:
5463:
5459:
5454:
5448:
5444:
5440:
5436:
5429:
5426:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5405:
5401:
5397:
5393:
5389:
5382:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5359:
5351:
5348:
5344:(1): 216–222.
5343:
5339:
5335:
5333:
5324:
5321:
5308:
5304:
5297:
5294:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5252:
5248:
5244:
5237:
5235:
5226:
5223:
5218:
5212:
5208:
5207:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5188:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5154:
5152:
5143:
5140:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5114:
5101:
5095:
5092:
5087:
5080:
5077:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5030:
5025:
5018:
5015:
5002:
5000:
4991:
4988:
4983:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4965:
4962:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4917:(3): 481–529.
4916:
4912:
4908:
4906:
4905:Onychoteuthis
4897:
4894:
4888:
4883:
4879:
4875:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4862:Barratt, I.;
4858:
4855:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4809:
4808:
4800:
4797:
4792:
4788:
4784:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4771:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4693:
4690:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4665:
4664:Onykia ingens
4656:
4654:
4652:
4650:
4646:
4633:
4629:
4622:
4619:
4606:
4599:
4596:
4584:
4580:
4578:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4542:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4499:
4496:
4491:
4487:
4483:
4479:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4459:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4442:(4): 829–845.
4441:
4437:
4433:
4426:
4423:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4374:
4372:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4318:
4314:
4307:
4305:
4301:
4296:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4174:
4171:, p. 32.
4170:
4165:
4163:
4159:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4110:
4107:
4102:
4096:
4092:
4091:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4054:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3988:
3982:
3974:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3959:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3899:
3895:
3890:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3856:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3718:on 2022-05-09
3717:
3711:
3708:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3674:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3628:circuit with
3627:
3624:to develop a
3623:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3578:In biomimicry
3577:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3408:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3388:Loligo pealei
3386:
3385:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3365:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3352:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3262:
3258:in Italian);
3256:
3250:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3204:Squid as food
3197:
3195:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3132:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3084:
3081:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2982:
2981:cannibalistic
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2927:
2924:
2919:
2917:
2913:
2904:
2900:
2895:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2850:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2830:
2826:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2808:
2804:
2796:
2789:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2773:with complex
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2715:
2712:. During the
2711:
2707:
2706:disc of cells
2703:
2699:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2572:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2442:
2435:
2434:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2411:Onykia ingens
2406:
2403:of the genus
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2362:spermatophore
2359:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2325:
2324:Onykia ingens
2319:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2247:invertebrates
2242:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2177:
2174:Principle of
2170:
2165:
2161:
2158:Controllable
2154:
2149:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2126:), which has
2125:
2121:
2116:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:firefly squid
2094:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:spermatophore
2005:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1961:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1944:Plesioteuthis
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:Rhomboteuthis
1901:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1851:
1849:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:Mississippian
1835:
1831:
1824:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1772:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1754:
1753:
1745:
1744:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1696:(cuttlefish)
1695:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1588:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1549:Magnapinnidae
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1477:Batoteuthidae
1472:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1461:
1460:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1365:
1357:
1356:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1302:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1243:
1242:Sepiadariidae
1237:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1150:
1149:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1062:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1003:
1000:
998:
994:(fire squid)
993:
992:Pyroteuthidae
987:
986:
983:
982:
974:
973:
970:
968:
963:
962:Lycoteuthidae
957:
956:
953:
952:
949:
947:
942:
936:
935:
929:
928:
922:
921:
918:
917:
909:
908:
900:
899:
896:
894:
889:
883:
882:
879:
878:
875:
873:
868:
862:
861:
855:
854:
851:
850:
847:
845:
840:
834:
833:
827:
826:
820:
819:
816:
815:
807:
806:
803:
801:
796:
790:
789:
786:
785:
782:
780:
775:
769:
768:
762:
761:
755:
754:
748:
747:
741:
740:
734:
733:
730:
729:
726:
724:
719:
713:
712:
706:
705:
702:
701:
698:
697:
691:
690:
684:
683:
680:
679:
676:
674:
669:
663:
662:
656:
655:
649:
646:
645:
642:
641:
633:
632:
629:
627:
622:
616:
615:
612:
611:
608:
606:
602:
596:
595:
588:
587:
581:
578:
577:
574:
573:
570:
568:
564:
563:
556:
555:
549:
546:
545:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
518:mitochondrial
515:
511:
506:
504:
502:
497:
496:vampire squid
493:
489:
485:
481:
480:bobtail squid
477:
476:taxonomically
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
450:
442:
440:
438:
434:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
378:invertebrates
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
318:Bathyteuthida
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
291:
279:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
262:
258:
257:Cladistically
254:
249:
248:Bathyteuthida
246:
242:
238:
235:
233:
230:
229:
227:
222:
219:
216:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7882:
7673:
7606:
7599:
7592:
7547:
7535:
7526:Southern red
7422:
7415:
7408:
7383:
7357:Other snails
7329:
7294:
7101:
7084:
7070:Atlantic bay
7048:
7036:
7001:Southern mud
6873:
6865:
6823:
6804:Ocean quahog
6791:
6632:salmon trout
6450:
5961:
5936:. Retrieved
5932:the original
5928:Como History
5927:
5917:
5905:. Retrieved
5899:
5889:
5880:
5855:. Retrieved
5851:
5842:
5834:the original
5824:
5816:
5809:. Retrieved
5803:
5794:
5770:
5743:. Retrieved
5732:
5720:. Retrieved
5686:
5679:
5669:
5661:
5641:
5631:
5622:
5613:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5545:
5538:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5491:
5471:
5434:
5428:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5381:
5357:
5350:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5323:
5311:. Retrieved
5296:
5284:. Retrieved
5277:the original
5246:
5242:
5233:
5225:
5205:
5160:
5156:
5150:
5142:
5130:. Retrieved
5126:
5116:
5104:. Retrieved
5094:
5079:
5049:(1): 61–62.
5046:
5042:
5032:
5023:
5017:
5005:. Retrieved
4998:
4990:
4975:
4964:
4952:. Retrieved
4937:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4896:
4877:
4871:
4857:
4845:. Retrieved
4839:
4826:
4806:
4799:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4753:
4725:
4721:
4711:
4702:
4692:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4636:. Retrieved
4631:
4621:
4609:. Retrieved
4598:
4586:. Retrieved
4576:
4561:
4520:
4516:
4510:
4498:
4465:
4461:
4460:symbiosis".
4457:
4439:
4435:
4425:
4385:
4379:
4370:
4320:
4316:
4276:
4272:
4247:
4238:
4234:
4224:
4191:
4187:
4150:
4140:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4089:
4060:
4056:
4046:
4009:
4005:
3995:
3957:
3862:
3858:
3847:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3745:
3739:
3710:
3676:
3664:
3622:Otto Schmitt
3619:
3601:
3559:
3520:
3497:
3474:
3451:
3428:
3387:
3362:
3358:
3345:Common name
3332:
3319:
3280:
3278:
3271:
3265:
3259:
3252:in Spanish,
3241:
3237:
3223:
3189:
3173:
3163:
3152:
3134:
3124:
3114:
3106:
3065:
3015:
2985:
2975:, and large
2954:
2944:
2938:
2936:
2920:
2915:
2908:
2902:
2889:Reproduction
2880:
2874:squids bear
2872:bathypelagic
2861:
2858:
2846:
2833:
2822:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2742:
2738:
2718:
2714:gastrulation
2695:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2669:
2662:
2660:
2600:swim bladder
2596:
2561:, and waste
2512:
2500:
2466:
2445:cross-linked
2438:
2431:
2409:
2405:Architeuthis
2404:
2386:
2367:
2355:
2352:Hectocotylus
2342:hectocotylus
2330:
2322:
2307:lateral line
2303:
2299:water column
2272:
2244:
2217:
2203:
2179:
2131:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2100:
2090:
2070:milliseconds
2054:
2043:
2027:
2019:swimming fin
2016:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1979:
1942:
1906:
1876:
1856:cuttlefishes
1852:
1841:
1828:
1724:Idiosepiidae
1722:
1692:
1667:
1666:
1630:
1629:
1547:
1526:
1498:
1475:
1438:
1425:Neoteuthidae
1423:
1389:
1326:
1306:
1270:
1240:
1218:
1217:
1166:
1127:
1107:
1079:
1029:
990:
960:
939:
886:
865:
837:
793:
772:
716:
694:
666:
647:
619:
599:
560:
559:
538:paraphyletic
507:
499:
455:. The squid
446:
437:sea monsters
429:
406:
402:sperm whales
354:
325:
322:Neocoleoidea
289:
287:
214:Superorder:
208:Neocoleoidea
204:(unranked):
132:
36:
7935:iNaturalist
7907:Wikispecies
7765:iNaturalist
7698:Wikispecies
7571:Neon flying
7277:Periwinkles
7237:Turtle/talc
7170:Green ormer
7080:New Zealand
7050:Crassostrea
7031:Sydney rock
6909:New Zealand
6831:Smooth clam
6799:Blunt gaper
6466:Echinoderms
6373:Crustaceans
6140:Forage fish
5965:. Methuen.
5938:13 February
5907:16 December
5811:12 December
5745:12 December
5645:. Penguin.
5589:: 119–134.
5163:: 177–194.
5003:. Reefs.com
4954:12 December
4847:12 December
4638:14 December
3799:(1): 1107.
3560:Total squid
3414:Loliginidae
3393:Loliginidae
3370:Loliginidae
3359:Loligo gahi
3216:: breaded,
3182:Jules Verne
3166:H. G. Wells
3103:Jules Verne
3095:sea monster
3038:tiger shark
2977:arrow worms
2973:crustaceans
2957:zooplankton
2876:photophores
2813:flying fish
2692:Development
2655:giant squid
2637:Giant squid
2620:Cranchiidae
2589:containing
2583:Cranchiidae
2473:peristalsis
2401:Giant squid
2277:that has a
2267:Giant axons
2093:mesopelagic
2079:cholinergic
2075:iridescence
2066:leucophores
2062:iridophores
1968:Description
1920: 164
1872:vertebrates
1674:Loliginidae
668:Cranchiinae
548:Cephalopoda
522:nuclear DNA
451:, subclass
449:Cephalopoda
330:cephalopods
188:Cephalopoda
8022:Categories
7488:Bottletail
7475:Cuttlefish
7435:Freshwater
7379:Korean mud
7342:Pear whelk
7118:Gastropods
7075:Great/king
7021:Windowpane
7016:Portuguese
6952:California
6856:Razor clam
6836:Soft-shell
6479:Sea urchin
5800:"Calamari"
5313:9 December
5286:13 January
5153:symbiosis"
5132:19 January
5106:25 January
5007:19 January
4999:Idiosepius
4588:9 December
3703:References
3630:hysteresis
3626:comparator
3612:dielectric
3596:comparator
3568:2,189,206
3543:Squid nei
3310:riboflavin
3218:deep-fried
3074:Human uses
2959:and small
2933:Squid eggs
2825:carnivores
2823:Squid are
2790:Locomotion
2775:microvilli
2664:Idiosepius
2635:See also:
2551:vena cavae
2543:hemocyanin
2525:, and two
2393:epipelagic
2263:statocysts
2251:oesophagus
2103:) and the
2040:Camouflage
1887:calcareous
1883:cuttlebone
1848:Cretaceous
503:infernalis
470:(from the
413:signalling
409:camouflage
304:, and two
194:Subclass:
7483:Spineless
7347:Lightning
7315:Channeled
6972:Mytilidae
6861:Pod razor
6782:Hard clam
6493:Fisheries
6358:Whitebait
6302:Toothfish
6128:yellowfin
6088:Swordfish
5971:222479116
5852:FishWatch
5618:Aristotle
5071:140591721
4755:(DgHBPs).
4750:205303026
4503:Cott 1940
4252:Cott 1940
4169:Cott 1940
4006:Molecules
3981:cite book
3821:2041-1723
3748:: e4331.
3650:Paralarva
3615:elastomer
3588:mimicking
3303:vitamin B
3295:manganese
3287:fisheries
3232:; and as
3226:ika sōmen
3052:. In the
3034:swordfish
2969:amphipods
2785:Behaviour
2779:hemocytes
2747:bacteria.
2531:ventricle
2515:excretion
2467:The food
2416:barnacles
2378:symbiotic
2287:human eye
2283:telescope
2083:reflectin
2023:epidermis
1962:, Germany
1960:Solnhofen
1949:Tithonian
1947:from the
1911:from the
1860:octopuses
1834:Paleozoic
1825:Evolution
1632:Spirulida
1220:Sepiolida
1129:Gonatidae
795:Taoniinae
580:Coleoidea
526:phylogeny
510:cladogram
492:Spirulida
484:Sepiolida
482:of order
464:Oegopsida
453:Coleoidea
398:cetaceans
369:predators
342:octopuses
314:Oegopsida
306:tentacles
278:Spirulida
267:Sepiolida
241:d'Orbigny
237:Oegopsida
198:Coleoidea
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
7892:Wikidata
7731:Teuthida
7718:Teuthida
7704:Teuthida
7683:Wikidata
7674:Teuthida
7651:Category
7566:Humboldt
7516:Big blue
7374:Mud-flat
7325:Kellet's
7165:Greenlip
7160:Blacklip
7062:Scallops
6745:Bivalves
6649:Scallops
6627:Atlantic
6446:Scallops
6418:Molluscs
6325:Sturgeon
6292:Rockfish
6245:flounder
6240:Flatfish
6223:Atlantic
6193:european
6173:Sardines
6168:Menhaden
6123:skipjack
6098:albacore
6073:Mackerel
5959:(1940).
5857:27 March
5639:(1999).
5530:83587961
5420:86725399
5307:Archived
5273:17301020
5187:24995875
5127:BBC News
4866:(2014).
4791:17113369
4742:26053298
4573:(2013).
4545:18083967
4537:25066645
4490:21583331
4482:15263898
4414:Archived
4410:86576334
4347:19091688
4295:19561202
4038:25393598
3889:28250188
3839:35260548
3774:29456885
3644:See also
3551:414,990
3546:Various
3512:504,438
3489:406,356
3466:511,087
3420:225,958
3353:Percent
3339:Species
3299:selenium
3282:calamari
3255:Calamaro
3214:calamari
3058:penguins
3044:and the
2868:flypaper
2853:flypaper
2763:obligate
2615:ammonium
2591:ammonium
2573:Buoyancy
2519:systemic
2485:pancreas
2458:bivalvia
2454:molluscs
2382:gonopore
2214:pigment.
2186:predator
2144:mesoderm
2086:proteins
1982:anterior
1929:, France
1891:Tertiary
1694:Sepiidae
1669:Myopsida
601:Octopoda
562:Nautilus
530:Sepiidae
486:and the
460:Myopsida
433:calamari
357:Jurassic
336:, and a
310:Myopsida
272:Sepiidae
232:Myopsida
178:Mollusca
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
7927:3020420
7898:Q843338
7585:Chitons
7498:Octopus
7466:Inkfish
7448:Nerites
7337:Knobbed
7224:Limpets
7209:Elegant
7196:Conches
7186:Chilean
7127:Abalone
7011:Pacific
6996:Olympia
6991:Eastern
6983:Oysters
6929:Mussels
6886:Cockles
6875:Paphies
6772:Geoduck
6664:Tilapia
6654:Seaweed
6642:chinook
6617:Oysters
6612:Mussels
6597:Catfish
6580:crucian
6570:bighead
6484:more...
6456:more...
6441:Oysters
6436:Octopus
6431:Mussels
6426:Abalone
6408:more...
6391:Lobster
6363:more...
6330:Tilapia
6287:Pollock
6272:Haddock
6250:halibut
6228:Pacific
6213:Catfish
6158:Herring
6153:Capelin
6148:Anchovy
6047:fishery
5950:Sources
5722:27 July
5668:. n.d.
5620:. N.d.
5591:Bibcode
5510:Bibcode
5400:Bibcode
5264:2124471
5178:6281398
5051:Bibcode
4611:2 April
4553:9539618
4390:Bibcode
4338:2706477
4241:(2): 1.
4216:1251214
4196:Bibcode
4188:Science
4029:6271128
3880:5360930
3830:8904582
3801:Bibcode
3765:5813590
3535:62,234
3443:22,483
3402:16,684
3379:24,976
3350:tonnes
3342:Family
3249:Calamar
3234:tempura
3230:sashimi
3198:As food
3180:writer
3154:Odyssey
2951:Ecology
2923:cichlid
2819:Feeding
2702:veliger
2563:solutes
2477:stomach
2456:except
2259:ganglia
2255:cranium
2224:melanin
2212:melanin
2208:ink sac
2202:Fossil
2140:ink sac
1941:Fossil
1905:Fossil
1879:gladius
1864:mollusc
365:teleost
346:gladius
298:mollusc
184:Class:
8005:325342
7992:358432
7979:215450
7953:555706
7940:127352
7845:380472
7829:NZOR:
7822:551290
7757:1TEUTO
7744:156827
7689:Q81900
7506:Common
7391:Bailer
7320:Common
7307:Whelks
7290:Banded
7285:Common
7267:Rustic
7039:/Bluff
6914:Sydney
6904:Goolwa
6894:Common
6846:Tuatua
6659:Shrimp
6622:Salmon
6590:silver
6575:common
6557:Farmed
6401:Prawns
6396:Shrimp
6277:Mullet
6265:turbot
6255:plaice
6103:bigeye
6078:Salmon
5969:
5782:
5694:
5649:
5560:
5528:
5479:
5449:
5418:
5369:
5271:
5261:
5213:
5185:
5175:
5151:Vibrio
5069:
4945:
4814:
4789:
4748:
4740:
4581:. The
4551:
4543:
4535:
4488:
4480:
4458:Vibrio
4408:
4345:
4335:
4293:
4214:
4097:
4036:
4026:
3969:
3887:
3877:
3837:
3827:
3819:
3772:
3762:
3571:100.0
3308:, and
3238:Loligo
3212:Fried
3186:kraken
3176:. The
3159:Scylla
3149:Medusa
3141:Gorgon
3139:. The
3111:, 1870
3040:, the
3036:, the
2961:nekton
2945:Loligo
2940:Loligo
2829:toxins
2771:crypts
2720:Loligo
2643:, and
2604:coelom
2587:coelom
2539:copper
2493:rectum
2489:caecum
2462:saliva
2450:radula
2337:testis
2012:funnel
2004:
494:. The
457:orders
390:sharks
350:chitin
338:mantle
316:, and
243:, 1845
18:Squids
8028:Squid
8000:WoRMS
7871:11716
7866:WoRMS
7858:15940
7796:82367
7783:12300
7778:IRMNG
7770:47881
7548:Squid
7531:Mimic
7443:Apple
7247:China
7204:Queen
7150:Green
7145:Black
7135:White
7097:Yesso
6957:Brown
6899:Blood
6867:Ensis
6814:Venus
6787:Horse
6754:Clams
6585:grass
6451:Squid
6386:Krill
6335:Trout
6188:Sprat
6178:Saury
6163:Ilish
6083:Shark
5901:Wired
5718:. BBC
5550:(PDF)
5526:S2CID
5416:S2CID
5280:(PDF)
5239:(PDF)
5067:S2CID
4969:Squid
4746:S2CID
4607:. BBC
4549:S2CID
4533:JSTOR
4486:S2CID
4417:(PDF)
4406:S2CID
4376:(PDF)
3741:PeerJ
3656:Notes
3604:mimic
3554:18.6
3515:23.0
3492:18.6
3469:23.3
3423:10.3
3348:Catch
3220:squid
3097:, by
2988:worms
2965:krill
2684:(the
2674:Stein
2555:urine
2535:atria
2469:bolus
2370:ovary
2333:gonad
2321:Male
2291:pupil
2091:Some
2030:gills
1994:manus
1830:Crown
534:clade
516:used
472:Greek
394:seals
326:squid
290:squid
42:Squid
7974:NCBI
7948:ITIS
7817:NCBI
7791:ITIS
7752:EPPO
7739:BOLD
7401:Land
7175:Pāua
7155:Pink
7026:Rock
6967:Date
6937:Blue
6637:coho
6565:Carp
6381:Crab
6320:Carp
6260:sole
6183:Shad
6093:Tuna
6056:Wild
5967:OCLC
5940:2019
5909:2018
5859:2017
5813:2018
5780:ISBN
5747:2018
5724:2016
5692:ISBN
5647:ISBN
5558:ISBN
5477:ISBN
5447:ISBN
5367:ISBN
5315:2018
5288:2019
5269:PMID
5211:ISBN
5183:PMID
5134:2019
5108:2018
5009:2019
4956:2018
4943:ISBN
4878:2014
4849:2018
4812:ISBN
4787:PMID
4738:PMID
4640:2018
4613:2010
4590:2018
4541:PMID
4478:PMID
4343:PMID
4291:PMID
4212:PMID
4095:ISBN
4034:PMID
3987:link
3967:ISBN
3885:PMID
3835:PMID
3817:ISSN
3770:PMID
3590:the
3538:2.8
3446:1.0
3405:0.8
3382:1.1
3293:and
3291:zinc
3129:and
3060:and
3032:and
3010:and
2897:The
2672:USS
2497:anus
2441:beak
2391:and
2275:lens
2136:iris
2064:and
1868:foot
520:and
508:The
462:and
411:and
396:and
361:role
302:arms
53:PreꞒ
7961:NBN
7922:EoL
7804:NBN
7726:AFD
7713:ADW
7366:Sea
7214:Dog
7140:Red
6353:Eel
6218:Cod
5599:doi
5587:530
5518:doi
5439:doi
5408:doi
5390:".
5259:PMC
5251:doi
5247:274
5173:PMC
5165:doi
5059:doi
4882:doi
4779:doi
4730:doi
4678:doi
4525:doi
4521:213
4470:doi
4398:doi
4386:144
4333:PMC
4325:doi
4281:doi
4277:212
4204:doi
4192:191
4128:doi
4118:".
4065:doi
4024:PMC
4014:doi
3875:PMC
3867:doi
3863:284
3825:PMC
3809:doi
3760:PMC
3750:doi
3361:or
3322:FAO
3143:of
3105:'s
2708:on
2606:or
2395:or
2354:of
2220:ink
1922:Mya
425:ink
363:to
294:pl.
8024::
8002::
7989::
7976::
7963::
7950::
7937::
7924::
7909::
7894::
7868::
7855::
7842::
7819::
7806::
7793::
7780::
7767::
7754::
7741::
7728::
7715::
7700::
7685::
5926:.
5898:.
5879:.
5867:^
5850:.
5815:.
5802:.
5755:^
5706:^
5597:.
5585:.
5581:.
5552:.
5524:.
5516:.
5506:72
5504:.
5461:^
5445:.
5414:.
5406:.
5396:84
5394:.
5361:.
5342:15
5340:.
5336:.
5267:.
5257:.
5245:.
5241:.
5195:^
5181:.
5171:.
5161:68
5159:.
5155:.
5125:.
5065:.
5057:.
5047:11
5045:.
5041:.
4923:^
4915:83
4913:.
4909:.
4876:.
4870:.
4838:.
4785:.
4773:.
4752:.
4744:.
4736:.
4726:11
4724:.
4720:.
4701:.
4674:76
4672:.
4668:.
4648:^
4630:.
4569:;
4547:.
4539:.
4531:.
4519:.
4484:.
4476:.
4464:.
4448:^
4440:33
4438:.
4434:.
4412:.
4404:.
4396:.
4384:.
4378:.
4355:^
4341:.
4331:.
4319:.
4315:.
4303:^
4289:.
4275:.
4271:.
4259:^
4237:.
4233:.
4210:.
4202:.
4190:.
4176:^
4161:^
4149:.
4124:56
4122:.
4079:^
4061:89
4059:.
4055:.
4032:.
4022:.
4010:19
4008:.
4004:.
3983:}}
3979:{{
3897:^
3883:.
3873:.
3861:.
3857:.
3833:.
3823:.
3815:.
3807:.
3797:13
3795:.
3791:.
3768:.
3758:.
3744:.
3738:.
3723:^
3688:^
3640:.
3312:.
3305:12
3301:,
3194:.
3157:,
3070:.
3056:,
3028:,
3024:,
3006:,
3002:,
2983:.
2737:,
2653:A
2639:,
2557:,
2418:.
2231:.
2088:.
1996:.
1953:c.
1917:c.
1893:.
1874:.
439:.
404:.
352:.
312:,
288:A
135:)
103:Pg
6731:e
6724:t
6717:v
6038:e
6031:t
6024:v
5973:.
5942:.
5911:.
5883:.
5861:.
5788:.
5749:.
5726:.
5700:.
5674:.
5655:.
5626:.
5607:.
5601::
5593::
5566:.
5532:.
5520::
5512::
5485:.
5455:.
5441::
5422:.
5410::
5402::
5375:.
5334:"
5317:.
5290:.
5253::
5236:"
5219:.
5189:.
5167::
5136:.
5110:.
5073:.
5061::
5053::
5011:.
5001:"
4958:.
4890:.
4884::
4851:.
4820:.
4793:.
4781::
4775:3
4732::
4705:.
4686:.
4680::
4642:.
4615:.
4592:.
4575:"
4555:.
4527::
4492:.
4472::
4466:2
4400::
4392::
4349:.
4327::
4321:6
4297:.
4283::
4239:9
4218:.
4206::
4198::
4155:.
4134:.
4130::
4103:.
4073:.
4067::
4040:.
4016::
3989:)
3975:.
3891:.
3869::
3841:.
3811::
3803::
3776:.
3752::
3746:6
3326:×
2914:(
2901:(
2855:.
2364:.
2130:(
2122:(
2107:(
2099:(
1951:(
1915:(
1836:(
498:(
431:"
292:(
280:?
274:?
131:(
108:N
98:K
93:J
88:T
83:P
78:C
73:D
68:S
63:O
58:Ꞓ
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
