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roughly 35-40% of passenger fatality and serious injury, as opposed to 55% attributed to head-on collisions. A likely contributor to this fact is the amount of protection offered by the struck vehicle. Even when equipped with the safest cars on the road, these casualties occurred at much lower speeds than in head-on collisions, with passenger fatality and serious injury typically occurring at 50 km/h (~31 mph) in side impact collisions, as opposed to 70 km/h (~43 mph) for frontal impacts. Additionally, side impacts tend to affect more vulnerable areas of the body. While front and rear impacts typically produced the most serious injuries in the lower extremities (legs and feet), side impacts typically resulted in most serious injuries in the head and chest regions.
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267:; it is also sometimes referred to by the abbreviation "AABS" for "auto accident, broadside". Vehicle damage and occupant injury are more likely to be severe, but severity varies based on the part of the vehicle that is struck, safety features present, the speeds of both vehicles, and vehicle weight and construction.
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Newer cars have improved safety in case of front crashes, but side impacts can also be deadly; about 9,700 people were killed in side impacts in the US in 2004. Side airbags became mandatory in 2009 in the US, saving an estimated 1,000 lives per year. Research indicates that the vehicle's underbody
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can protect vehicle occupants during side collisions, but they face the same limitations as other airbags. Additionally, side impact wrecks are more likely to involve multiple individual collisions or sudden speed changes before motion ceases. Since the airbag can only provide protection during the
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A 2016 study found that, in the EU, side impact collisions were significantly less common than frontal impact collisions, at rates of 22-29% and 61-69% respectively. However, they tend to be much more dangerous. Another report commissioned by the EU in 2015 found that side impacts accounted for
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of the collision. The crumple zones of the struck vehicle may also absorb some of the collision's energy, particularly if the vehicle is not struck on its passenger compartment. Both vehicles are frequently turned from their original directions of travel. If the collision is severe, the struck
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first collision, it may leave occupants unprotected during subsequent collisions in the crash. However, the first collision in a crash typically has the most severe forces, so an effective airbag provides maximum benefit during the most severe portion of a crash.
392:
This list shows the most notable of newer tested vehicles tested via NHTSA and IIHS. Some provide good protection, some less so, and some developed improved safety in response to a low result (Dodge Ram and Fiat 500). Some are common examples of their type.
378:. The "primary purpose of the NCAP side impact program is to provide comparative vehicle side protection information to assist consumers in making vehicle purchase decisions, thereby providing an incentive for vehicle manufacturers to design
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In several
European countries, such as the UK, Sweden, and France, around one quarter of traffic injuries are produced by side collisions, but accounted for 29 to 38% of injuries which were fatal.
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using Office of
Crashworthiness Standards, New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure and Side Impact Rigid Pole Laboratory Test Procedure to display a simple
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of car crash-tested, not year of
Overall Rating. Older crash tests usually carry over to newer car models; easily checked by comparing ratings and document numbers for different years.
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of car crash-tested, not year of
Overall Rating. Older crash tests usually carry over to newer car models; easily checked by comparing ratings and document numbers for different years.
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Broadside collisions are frequently caused by a failure to yield right of way. In the case of collisions in an intersection, the cause is often a result of one vehicle failing to obey
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In
Shanghai, in China, 23% of the 1097 serious accidents occurred between June 2005 and March 2013 are side impact accidents, there the leading collision mode, according to the
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are where the side of one vehicle is impacted by the front or rear of another vehicle, forming a "T". In the United States and Canada this collision type is also known as a
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test side impacts in different ways. As of 2015, they all test vehicle-to-vehicle side impacts, where heavier vehicles have lower fatality rates than lighter vehicles.
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NHTSA and Euro NCAP also test the more severe vehicle-into-pole side impacts, where smaller vehicles have the same fatality rate as larger vehicles.
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3321:"Volvo XC60, global cumulative sales of 500000 units. Released five years in achieving | Responsejp (Automotive business and overseas market )"
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In 2008, a total of 5,265 (22%) out of 23,888 people were killed in vehicles which were struck in the side in the United States.
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For light vans and minibuses in 2000 in UK and
Germany, between 14% and 26% of accidents with passenger cars were side impacts.
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which are not enough taking into account the movement of the child's head and prevent contact with the car's interior.
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For
European cyclists, thorax injuries are associated with side-impact injuries in urban areas and/or at junctions.
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NCAP Moving
Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7461 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 Chrysler Town & Country Minivan
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In
European vehicle side impact, 60% of casualties were "struck side", while 40% were "non struck side", in 2018.
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NCAP Moving
Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8445 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2014 Mercedes-Benz E-350 4-Door Sedan
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8074 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2013 Ram 1500 4-Door Quad Cab Pickup
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7484 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 Chrysler 200 LX Four Door Sedan
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8536 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2014 Audi Q5 Hybrid Quattro 5DR MPV
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7507 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2012 FIAT 500 POP 3-DOOR HATCHBACK
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8044 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2013 Fiat 500 3-Door Hatchback
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #8992 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2015 Toyota Tacoma PU-EC
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1740:(HIC36) has a threshold of 1000; lower is better. MDB HIC shows front+rear seat of impact side.
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7455 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Chrysler Town & Country Minivan
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2668:"One in a Million: Toledo Assembly Complex Marks Production of One-Millionth Jeep Wrangler JK"
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Pole Impact Test: Study of the two current Candidates in Terms of Cost and Benefits for France
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2737:"5 Auto Brands That Fared the Worst in the IIHS Crash Safety Tests -- No. 2 Is a Real Shock!"
2452:
Ray, M.H. (1999). "Impact conditions in side-impact collisions with fixed roadside objects".
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8443 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2014 Mercedes-Benz E-350 4-Door Sedan
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NCAP Moving Deformable Barrier Side Impact Test #7118 at 62 km/h (38 mph), 2011 VOLVO XC60
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8076 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2013 Ram 1500 4-Door Quad Cab Pickup
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7477 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Chrysler 200 LX Four Door Sedan
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For European motorcyclists, side impact is the second most frequent location of impact.
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8532 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2014 Audi Q5 2.0T Quattro 5DR MPV
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7511 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2012 Fiat 500 Pop 3-Dr Hatchback
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Rigid Pole: HIC max. 1000, Lower Spine acceleration max. 82g, Pelvis sum max. 5525 N
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where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted. These crashes typically occur at
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7065 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2011 Ram 1500 ST Quad Cab 4X2
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248:(SHUFO) database. The head and neck are involved in around 64% of the casualties.
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #8994 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2015 Toyota Tacoma PU-EC
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An occupant on the struck side of a vehicle may sustain far more severe
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Assessment of Crash Energy - Based Side Impact Reconstruction Accuracy
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NCAP Side Impact Pole Test #7114 at 32 km/h (20 mph), 2011 VOLVO XC60
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https://www-esv.nhtsa.dot.gov/Proceedings/24/files/24ESV-000016.PDF
313:). As with any crash, increased speed may increase crash severity.
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Fatal casualties count as 50% and 67% in UK and in France, in 2010
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Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure, Moving Deformable Barrier
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Two cars are involved in a side collision at an intersection in
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Vehicle crash where the side of one or more vehicles is impacted
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max. 1000, Chest injury max. 44mm, abdominal injury max. 2500
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Shanghai United Road Traffic Safety Scientific Research Center
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These are lists of cars with notable aspects of side impact.
2278:(Thesis). Virginia Tech – via vtechworks.lib.vt.edu.
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When a vehicle is hit on the side by another vehicle, the
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Side impact safety of newer cars (from 2011–present), by
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than an otherwise similar front or rear collision crash.
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Pole Test: Pelvic force 4770 N of a threshold of 5525 N
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Pole Test: Pelvic force 3503 N of a threshold of 5525 N
2518:"Impala, Avalon are top large cars in side crash test"
204:, and when two vehicles pass on a multi-lane roadway.
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RLSA=Resultant Lower Spine Acceleration, measured in
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MDB: Pax pelvic force over threshold, and RLSA near.
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This NHTSA collision test shows what happens when a
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Side Barrier Rating, combines front and rear seats.
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1793:Side impact safety of older cars (before 2011) by
2611:Side Impact Laboratory Test Procedure, Rigid Pole
1166:Pole Test: Pelvic force and RLSA over threshold.
863:MDB: Pelvic force and pax RLSA within threshold.
274:of the striking vehicle will absorb some of the
2357:Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987).
234:Also, side collision are not well managed with
3386:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
3187:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
3138:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
2955:
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2222:
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1990:
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372:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
172:slides sideways into a utility pole or a tree.
3696:List of people who died in traffic collisions
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2361:Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations
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1762:. Detract rating over 50g. Threshold is 82g.
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3235:"2015 Chrysler Town & Country, Minivan"
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3085:IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety
2633:IIHS-HLDI crash testing and highway safety
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2615:NHTSA Office of Crashworthiness Standards
2593:NHTSA Office of Crashworthiness Standards
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3399:Large family car side crash test ratings
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1719:Also known as Moving Deformable Barrier.
341:reinforce structures to reduce intrusion
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412:. Click <> to sort by parameter.
370:The NHTSA results are evaluated by the
3182:2016 Chrysler Town And Country VAN FWD
3122:, 20 September 2010. 118 pages in 11MB
2328:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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2257:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2250:
2209:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2202:
2133:Number of cars produced of this model.
1710:Number of cars produced of this model.
660:Head injury criterion above threshold.
387:Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
138:Insurance Institute for Highway Safety
3171:, 19 December 2013. 121 pages in 17MB
3156:, 19 December 2013. 210 pages in 23MB
3081:"2012 Dodge Ram 1500 Crew cab pickup"
3053:, 20 December 2012. 156 pages in 14MB
2965:, 24 November 2011. 101 pages in 11MB
2947:, 15 November 2012. 165 pages in 13MB
2803:, 17 November 2011. 158 pages in 20MB
2786:, 17 November 2011. 279 pages in 50MB
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7:
3291:, 17 February 2014. 104 pages in 6MB
3276:, 18 February 2014. 159 pages in 8MB
3207:, 21 October 2011. 206 pages in 11MB
3169:Transportation Research Center, Ohio
3154:Transportation Research Center, Ohio
3120:Transportation Research Center, Ohio
3070:, 26 December 2012. 106 pages in 8MB
3017:, 23 November 2011. 154 pages in 8MB
2994:2012 Fiat 500 3 HB FWD Early Release
2882:, 12 November 2014. 106 pages in 6MB
2867:, 11 November 2014. 162 pages in 8MB
2850:2010 Toyota Land Cruiser - Top Speed
2272:Johnson, Nicholas S. (May 3, 2011).
1808:Click <> to sort by parameter.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
3355:, 20 October 2010. 134 pages in 8MB
3224:, 21 October 2011. 130 pages in 8MB
3133:2016 Mercedes-Benz E-Class 4 DR RWD
2670:(Press release). Chrysler Group LLC
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1992:
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3370:, 18 October 2010. 87 pages in 5MB
2618:, September 2012. 224 pages in 8MB
2596:, September 2012. 285 pages in 9MB
2454:Accident Analysis & Prevention
385:The IIHS results are evaluated by
25:
3438:"2004 Mitsubishi Galant, Midsize"
2423:"Euro NCAP - Side Mobile Barrier"
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3544:Traffic collision reconstruction
2549:"Top 20 Most Dangerous Vehicles"
2547:Bengt Halvorson (26 July 2007).
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2025:2005 with airbag is Good at IIHS
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156:Side impact NCAP test of a 2007
34:
3099:2012 Ram 1500 Regular PU/RC 4WD
2735:Sean Williams (16 March 2014).
2715:"2015 Jeep Wrangler, Small SUV"
45:needs additional citations for
3691:List of level crossing crashes
140:shows the damage to a compact
1:
3381:2003 Ford Crown Victoria 4-DR
2466:10.1016/S0001-4575(98)00041-4
2152:Side Impact Protection System
1967:Structure rated "Acceptable"
1728:Free space left after impact.
1063:All parameters within limits.
252:Broadside or T-bone collision
3709:Template:Automotive handling
3627:Assured clear distance ahead
3459:Side Impact Collision Images
3067:Medical College of Wisconsin
3050:Medical College of Wisconsin
3028:2016 Ram 1500 Quad PU/EC 4WD
2944:Medical College of Wisconsin
2832:2015 Toyota Tacoma PU/EC 4WD
347:General list of side impacts
3652:Lists of traffic collisions
3637:Driving under the influence
3419:2004 Mitsubishi Galant 4-DR
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3591:Multiple-vehicle collision
2761:2014 Chrysler 200 4 DR FWD
2693:2016 Jeep Wrangler 2DR 4WD
1789:Sorted roughly by rating.
396:Sorted roughly by rating,
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2912:"Fiat 500 European sales"
468:
457:
448:
443:
435:
422:
416:
2976:"2015 Fiat 500, Minicar"
2367:J. B. Lippincott Company
1785:List of cars before 2011
311:running past a red light
3735:Road collisions by type
3686:List of bridge failures
3576:Deer–vehicle collisions
3302:2016 Volvo XC60 SUV AWD
2488:"Euro NCAP - Side Pole"
1935:Structure rated "Poor"
389:using their protocols.
366:List of cars after 2011
279:vehicle may be spun or
208:Occurrences and effects
3601:Run-off-road collision
2893:2016 Fiat 500 3 HB FWD
359:
185:
173:
161:
149:
3253:2016 Audi Q5 SUV AWD
2647:"Technical protocols"
2559:on 25 September 2015.
398:Head injury criterion
354:
339:is the best place to
261:right-angle collision
179:
170:Volkswagen New Beetle
167:
155:
135:
3714:Template:Traffic law
3611:Single-vehicle crash
2147:Road collision types
1738:Head Injury Criteria
355:A side collision in
257:Broadside collisions
136:A crash test by the
54:improve this article
3534:Vehicle extrication
2749:on 17 January 2015.
2575:PSA Peugeot Citroën
2528:on 5 September 2015
1810:
413:
3632:Distracted driving
3596:Rear-end collision
3495:Traffic collisions
3427:(click Side Crash)
3408:IIHS, 18 June 2006
3404:2016-03-04 at the
3389:(click Side Crash)
3310:(click Side Crash)
3261:(click Side Crash)
3190:(click Side Crash)
3141:(click Side Crash)
3107:(click Side Crash)
3036:(click Side Crash)
3002:(click Side Crash)
2901:(click Side Crash)
2840:(click Side Crash)
2769:(click Side Crash)
2701:(click Side Crash)
2395:"NHTSA Crash Test"
1792:
1276:Town & Country
403:
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150:
3722:
3721:
3581:Head-on collision
3571:Back-up collision
3524:Roadside memorial
3368:KARCO Engineering
3353:KARCO Engineering
3325:en.responsejp.com
3289:KARCO Engineering
3274:KARCO Engineering
3015:KARCO Engineering
2963:KARCO Engineering
2880:KARCO Engineering
2865:KARCO Engineering
2629:"About our tests"
2111:
2110:
2026:
1871:
1860:
1849:
1839:
1809:
1688:
1687:
513:
503:
486:
477:
466:
400:(HIC) and Crush.
309:(fail to stop or
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3742:
3556:
3539:Vehicle recovery
3488:
3481:
3474:
3465:
3446:
3445:
3434:
3428:
3415:
3409:
3396:
3390:
3377:
3371:
3362:
3356:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3327:. Archived from
3317:
3311:
3298:
3292:
3283:
3277:
3268:
3262:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3231:
3225:
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3208:
3197:
3191:
3178:
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3129:
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3018:
3009:
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2990:
2984:
2983:
2972:
2966:
2957:
2948:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2918:. Archived from
2908:
2902:
2889:
2883:
2874:
2868:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2841:
2828:
2822:
2821:
2810:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2776:
2770:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2745:. Archived from
2732:
2723:
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2711:
2702:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2664:
2655:
2654:
2643:
2637:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2608:
2597:
2586:
2577:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2555:. Archived from
2544:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2524:. Archived from
2514:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2449:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2400:Consumer Reports
2391:
2385:
2384:
2365:. Philadelphia:
2364:
2354:
2348:
2343:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2310:
2304:. Archived from
2303:
2295:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2239:
2233:. Archived from
2232:
2224:
2215:
2214:
2208:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2191:
2185:. Archived from
2184:
2176:
2134:
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2119:
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2098:
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2024:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
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2000:
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1995:
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1926:
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962:
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762:
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657:
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619:
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613:
612:
608:
607:
603:
602:
598:
597:
511:
499:
482:
469:
458:
414:
265:T-bone collision
236:child restraints
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
69:"Side collision"
62:
38:
30:
21:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3700:
3674:
3646:
3615:
3563:Road collisions
3557:
3548:
3519:Park-to-reverse
3497:
3492:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3431:
3416:
3412:
3406:Wayback Machine
3397:
3393:
3378:
3374:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3334:
3332:
3331:on 4 March 2016
3319:
3318:
3314:
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3284:
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3250:
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3010:
3006:
2991:
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2844:
2829:
2825:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2794:
2790:
2777:
2773:
2758:
2754:
2742:The Motley Fool
2734:
2733:
2726:
2713:
2712:
2705:
2690:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2658:
2645:
2644:
2640:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2609:
2600:
2587:
2580:
2569:Billot et al. "
2568:
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2516:
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2498:
2496:
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2381:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2320:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2299:"Archived copy"
2297:
2296:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2249:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2228:"Archived copy"
2226:
2225:
2218:
2201:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2182:
2180:"Archived copy"
2178:
2177:
2166:
2161:
2143:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1875:
1869:
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1111:
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1008:
1003:
958:
953:
948:
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920:
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910:
905:
856:
851:
846:
841:
818:
813:
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758:
753:
748:
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715:
710:
705:
653:
648:
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615:
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600:
501:
496:
492:
484:
475:
473:
464:
462:
455:
450:
445:
441:
437:
420:
368:
349:
319:
307:traffic signals
254:
210:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:T-bone accident
15:
12:
11:
5:
3748:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3727:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
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3667:
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3645:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3623:
3621:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3606:Side collision
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3549:
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3454:
3453:External links
3451:
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3019:
3004:
2985:
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2884:
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2854:
2842:
2823:
2814:"Chrysler 200"
2805:
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2703:
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2578:
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2460:(1–2): 21–30.
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1889:Crown Victoria
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629:
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623:
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591:
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586:
584:
579:
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569:
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564:
561:
558:
556:
553:
550:
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534:
529:
524:
522:
518:
517:
514:
509:
504:
497:
493:
487:
479:
478:
467:
456:
452:
447:
444:Impactor (MDB)
442:
434:
429:
426:
421:
380:safer vehicles
367:
364:
348:
345:
318:
315:
276:kinetic energy
253:
250:
209:
206:
190:side collision
158:Saturn Outlook
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3747:
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3710:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:Related lists
3677:
3671:
3670:By death toll
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
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3110:
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3051:
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3013:
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3000:
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2989:
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2971:
2968:
2964:
2961:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2933:
2922:on 2014-06-03
2921:
2917:
2916:Left-Lane.com
2913:
2907:
2904:
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2899:
2894:
2888:
2885:
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2855:
2851:
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527:Jeep Wrangler
525:
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446:into Vehicle
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272:crumple zones
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198:intersections
195:
194:vehicle crash
191:
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146:Ford Explorer
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3665:2000–present
3605:
3509:Epidemiology
3441:
3432:
3422:
3413:
3394:
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3375:
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3352:
3345:
3333:. Retrieved
3329:the original
3324:
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3221:MGA Research
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3204:MGA Research
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2924:. Retrieved
2920:the original
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2747:the original
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2672:. Retrieved
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2641:
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2591:
2573:" page 3-4.
2565:
2557:the original
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2526:the original
2521:
2497:. Retrieved
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2426:
2417:
2405:. Retrieved
2403:. April 2014
2398:
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2313:. Retrieved
2306:the original
2274:
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2242:. Retrieved
2235:the original
2194:. Retrieved
2187:the original
2129:
2117:
2034:Manufacturer
1821:Manufacturer
1788:
1769:Limits are:
1768:
1754:
1745:
1733:
1724:
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1706:
1694:
1569:Manufacturer
680:Hilux/Tacoma
424:Manufacturer
395:
391:
384:
369:
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337:
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304:
297:Side-impact
296:
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218:
215:
211:
202:parking lots
189:
187:
144:struck by a
116:
110:October 2021
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3660:Before 2000
3586:Jackknifing
3514:Hit and run
3502:Main topics
2852:, Top Speed
2674:16 February
1524:462 mm
1489:170 mm
1426:467 mm
1391:188 mm
1322:389 mm
1287:298 mm
1224:343 mm
1189:129 mm
1128:462 mm
1025:603 mm
990:365 mm
927:354 mm
892:160 mm
825:354 mm
790:164 mm
727:516 mm
692:305 mm
622:392 mm
588:202 mm
376:star-rating
285:pedestrians
281:rolled over
3335:13 January
2926:2014-05-23
2369:. p.
2315:2019-06-15
2244:2019-06-15
2196:2019-06-15
2159:References
2122:Model Year
1976:Mitsubishi
1699:Model Year
787:1+ million
689:5+ million
451:into pole
142:Ford Focus
80:newspapers
3642:Road rage
2532:7 October
2499:5 October
2493:Euro NCAP
2434:5 October
2428:Euro NCAP
2407:5 October
1955:1 million
1940:2008-2015
1894:Full-size
1880:2003-2006
1865:Euro NCAP
1803:Euro NCAP
1486:½ million
886:Supermini
783:Supermini
536:1 million
471:Euro NCAP
322:Euro NCAP
3729:Category
3529:Rollover
3442:iihs.org
3402:Archived
3239:iihs.org
2980:iihs.org
2818:iihs.org
2719:iihs.org
2651:iihs.org
2522:iihs.org
2474:10084615
2324:cite web
2253:cite web
2205:cite web
2141:See also
2043:Produced
1837:produced
1578:Produced
1271:Chrysler
1083:Ram 1500
979:Ram 1500
572:Chrysler
439:produced
292:injuries
2800:Calspan
2783:Calspan
1874:Comment
1760:g-force
1652:Comment
1281:Minivan
1180:E-Class
895:127+410
793:166+382
695:125+292
516:Rating
500:Maximum
483:Maximum
454:Comment
449:Vehicle
357:Toronto
317:Testing
299:airbags
184:, Japan
94:scholar
3620:Causes
2553:Forbes
2472:
2377:
2154:(SIPS)
1981:Galant
1870:rating
1859:rating
1848:rating
1834:Number
1825:Model
1777:Newton
1492:60+231
1394:59+166
1290:51+135
1192:92+244
675:Toyota
495:Rating
476:rating
465:rating
436:Number
428:Model
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3424:NHTSA
3307:NHTSA
3258:NHTSA
3104:NHTSA
3033:NHTSA
2999:NHTSA
2898:NHTSA
2837:NHTSA
2766:NHTSA
2698:NHTSA
2309:(PDF)
2302:(PDF)
2238:(PDF)
2231:(PDF)
2190:(PDF)
2183:(PDF)
2037:Model
1985:Sedan
1845:NHTSA
1795:NHTSA
1572:Model
1472:Volvo
1184:Sedan
1088:Truck
1078:Dodge
993:16+30
984:Truck
974:Dodge
685:Truck
502:Crush
485:Crush
406:NHTSA
330:NHTSA
200:, in
192:is a
182:Tokyo
101:JSTOR
87:books
3337:2022
2676:2014
2534:2015
2501:2015
2470:PMID
2436:2015
2409:2015
2375:ISBN
2330:link
2259:link
2211:link
2075:Good
2040:Type
2031:Year
2019:Poor
1972:2004
1961:Poor
1929:Poor
1884:Ford
1868:side
1857:side
1854:IIHS
1829:Type
1815:Year
1801:and
1799:IIHS
1655:Good
1575:Type
1566:Year
1530:45 g
1477:XC60
1468:2011
1432:54 g
1375:Audi
1371:2014
1363:Good
1328:47 g
1267:2012
1230:53 g
1171:2014
1134:87 g
1074:2011
1031:48 g
970:2013
933:54 g
878:Fiat
874:2012
866:Good
831:54 g
773:Fiat
769:2013
733:57 g
671:2015
663:Good
628:51 g
625:1987
568:2012
560:Poor
521:2014
512:RLSA
474:side
463:side
460:IIHS
432:Type
418:Year
410:IIHS
408:and
328:and
326:IIHS
73:news
2462:doi
1951:SUV
1773:HIC
1527:242
1482:CUV
1429:253
1385:CUV
1325:294
1227:492
1131:519
1028:483
930:224
882:500
828:224
778:500
730:451
582:Mid
577:200
532:SUV
507:HIC
490:HIC
382:."
263:or
148:SUV
56:by
3731::
3440:.
3421:"
3383:"
3323:.
3304:"
3255:"
3237:.
3184:"
3135:"
3101:"
3083:.
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2996:"
2978:.
2952:^
2914:.
2895:"
2834:"
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2763:"
2739:.
2727:^
2717:.
2706:^
2695:"
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2649:.
2631:.
2601:^
2581:^
2551:.
2520:.
2509:^
2490:.
2468:.
2458:31
2456:.
2444:^
2425:.
2397:.
2373:.
2338:^
2326:}}
2322:{{
2284:^
2255:}}
2251:{{
2219:^
2207:}}
2203:{{
2167:^
2107:—
1805:.
1797:,
1615:mm
1581:mm
1380:Q5
1366:—
1094:mm
1069:—
869:—
666:—
563:—
547:mm
539:mm
324:,
188:A
3487:e
3480:t
3473:v
3444:.
3417:"
3379:"
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2383:.
2371:3
2332:)
2318:.
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2247:.
2213:)
2199:.
1964:—
1958:—
1932:—
1620:g
1066:—
555:—
552:g
544:—
160:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
