87:
29:
135:
is observed, as well as constrictions or narrowing of the uterus as a whole, especially the lower and lateral portions, hence the "t" denomination. The uterus might be simultaneously reduced in volume, and other abnormalities might be concomitantly present.
144:
Although fertility is impaired, T-shaped uterus sufferers can bear children. However, they carry a greater risk of complications, such as miscarriages, reduced fertility and preterm births, both before and after any treatment.
724:
Giacomucci E, Bellavia E, Sandri F, Farina A, Scagliarini G (2011). "Term delivery rate after hysteroscopic metroplasty in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and T-shaped, arcuate and septate uterus".
160:
of the uterine walls, and can return the organ to a normal morphology, while improving the patient's former reproductive performance. It is considered a low-risk procedure, and can also improve
499:
van Gils AP, Tham RT, Falke TH, Peters AA (1989). "Abnormalities of the uterus and cervix after diethylstilbestrol exposure: correlation of findings on MR and hysterosalpingography".
963:
911:
KALTFMANL, RAYMOND H., MD ERVIN ADAM, and Gary L. Binder. "Upper genital tract changes and pregnancy outcome in offspring exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol." (1980).
572:
Katz Z, Ben-Arie A, Lurie S, Manor M, Insler V (1996). "Beneficial effect of hysteroscopic metroplasty on the reproductive outcome in a 'T-shaped' uterus".
685:"Endometrial pattern in diethylstilboestrol-exposed women undergoing in-vitro fertilization may be the most significant predictor of pregnancy outcome"
364:
90:
A T-shaped uterus with circular constriction noted around the proximal portion of the marker. The lower uterus appears tapered and narrow.
953:
456:
Viscomi, G N; Gonzalez, R; Taylor, K J (1980). "Ultrasound detection of uterine abnormalities after diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure".
115:
Women are often diagnosed with this condition after several failed pregnancies, proceeded by exploratory diagnostic procedures, such as
100:
209:
Ben-Baruch G, Menczer J, Mashiach S, Serr DM (1981). "Uterine anomalies in diethylstilbestrol-exposed women with fertility disorders".
534:
Kaufman RH, Binder GL, Gray PM, Adam E (1977). "Upper genital tract changes associated with exposure in utero to diethylstilbestrol".
768:
Golan A, Langer R, Neuman M, Wexler S, Segev E, David MP (1992). "Obstetric outcome in women with congenital uterine malformations".
958:
848:
Kaufman RH (1982). "Structural changes of the genital tract associated with in utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol".
72:
116:
99:
The T-shaped malformation is commonly associated with in-utero exposure to diethylstilbestrol (the so-called "
132:
173:
86:
124:
36:
293:
Grimbizis GF, Gordts S, Di
Spiezio Sardo A, Brucker S, De Angelis C, Gergolet M, et al. (2013).
60:
750:
234:
64:
68:
932:
900:
892:
857:
826:
818:
797:"Surgical approach to and reproductive outcome after surgical correction of a T-shaped uterus"
777:
742:
706:
665:
657:
616:
589:
551:
516:
481:
473:
438:
397:
360:
324:
275:
226:
157:
76:
44:
295:"The ESHRE/ESGE consensus on the classification of female genital tract congenital anomalies"
924:
882:
808:
734:
696:
647:
581:
543:
508:
465:
428:
389:
352:
314:
306:
265:
218:
189:
169:
701:
684:
607:
Berger MJ, Goldstein DP (1980). "Impaired reproductive performance in DES-exposed women".
319:
294:
887:
870:
652:
635:
393:
947:
547:
433:
416:
161:
469:
238:
63:
wherein the uterus is shaped resembling the letter T. This is typically observed in
754:
634:
Lin, Paul C; Bhatnagar, Kunwar P; Nettleton, G.Stephen; Nakajima, Steven T (2002).
149:
128:
28:
795:
Fernandez, H.; Garbin, O.; Castaigne, V.; Gervaise, A.; Levaillant, J.-M. (2011).
168:
is considered to be in good condition. However, risks after the procedure include
356:
83:
and preterm delivery. There is a surgical procedure to correct the malformation.
177:
165:
153:
80:
928:
222:
120:
104:
896:
822:
661:
477:
813:
796:
310:
936:
904:
830:
746:
669:
512:
442:
401:
328:
861:
781:
710:
620:
593:
520:
485:
270:
253:
230:
555:
279:
915:
Lin PC (2004). "Reproductive outcomes in women with uterine anomalies".
380:
Pui MH (2004). "Imaging diagnosis of congenital uterine malformation".
738:
585:
148:
The current surgical procedure to treat this malformation, termed a
871:"Effect of diethylstilbestrol on reproductive function"
254:"T-shaped uterus in diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure"
347:
Meier, Rose; Campo, Rudi (2015). "T-Shaped Uterus".
43:
21:
636:"Female genital anomalies affecting reproduction"
342:
340:
338:
683:Noyes N, Liu HC, Sultan K, Rosenwaks Z (1996).
869:Goldberg, Jeffrey M; Falcone, Tommaso (1999).
567:
565:
71:classification, and is associated with failed
964:Congenital disorders of female genital organs
349:Female Genital Tract Congenital Malformations
8:
27:
18:
886:
812:
700:
651:
432:
318:
269:
156:, is undertaken by performing a lateral
85:
67:-exposed women. It is recognised in the
201:
164:rate by up to 10-fold, as long as the
702:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019197
127:. In such studies, a widening of the
7:
14:
394:10.1016/j.compmedimag.2004.05.008
434:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.12.050
470:10.1148/radiology.136.3.7403556
1:
888:10.1016/S0015-0282(99)00153-3
653:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)03368-X
548:10.1016/0002-9378(77)90294-0
357:10.1007/978-1-4471-5146-3_25
980:
954:Mammal reproductive system
929:10.1089/154099904322836438
103:"). It is also presented
917:J Womens Health (Larchmt)
223:10.3109/00016348109154132
211:Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand
35:
26:
382:Comput Med Imaging Graph
875:Fertility and Sterility
640:Fertility and Sterility
417:"Hysterosalpingography"
133:isthmus of uterine tube
513:10.2214/ajr.153.6.1235
91:
814:10.1093/humrep/der056
727:Gynecol Obstet Invest
574:Gynecol Obstet Invest
311:10.1093/humrep/det098
271:10.2214/ajr.132.6.979
125:hysterosalpingography
89:
39:of a T-shaped uterus.
37:Hysterosalpingography
959:Anatomical pathology
75:, increased risk of
61:uterine malformation
850:Obstet Gynecol Annu
536:Am J Obstet Gynecol
501:AJR Am J Roentgenol
415:Baramki TA (2005).
258:AJR Am J Roentgenol
252:Rennell CL (1979).
174:Asherman's syndrome
123:, and particularly
801:Human Reproduction
117:magnetic resonance
92:
739:10.1159/000317266
586:10.1159/000292033
366:978-1-4471-5145-6
77:ectopic pregnancy
53:
52:
16:Medical condition
971:
940:
908:
890:
865:
835:
834:
816:
807:(7): 1730–1734.
792:
786:
785:
765:
759:
758:
721:
715:
714:
704:
680:
674:
673:
655:
631:
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624:
604:
598:
597:
569:
560:
559:
531:
525:
524:
496:
490:
489:
453:
447:
446:
436:
412:
406:
405:
377:
371:
370:
344:
333:
332:
322:
290:
284:
283:
273:
249:
243:
242:
206:
190:Vaginal adenosis
170:placenta accreta
31:
19:
979:
978:
974:
973:
972:
970:
969:
968:
944:
943:
914:
868:
847:
844:
842:Further reading
839:
838:
794:
793:
789:
767:
766:
762:
723:
722:
718:
695:(12): 2719–23.
682:
681:
677:
633:
632:
628:
606:
605:
601:
571:
570:
563:
533:
532:
528:
498:
497:
493:
455:
454:
450:
427:(6): 1595–606.
414:
413:
409:
379:
378:
374:
367:
346:
345:
336:
292:
291:
287:
251:
250:
246:
208:
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142:
113:
97:
57:t-shaped uterus
22:T-shaped uterus
17:
12:
11:
5:
977:
975:
967:
966:
961:
956:
946:
945:
942:
941:
912:
909:
866:
843:
840:
837:
836:
787:
760:
716:
675:
646:(5): 899–915.
626:
609:Obstet Gynecol
599:
561:
526:
491:
464:(3): 733–735.
448:
407:
372:
365:
334:
305:(8): 2032–44.
285:
244:
200:
199:
197:
194:
193:
192:
185:
182:
152:correction or
141:
138:
112:
109:
96:
93:
51:
50:
47:
41:
40:
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
976:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
949:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
913:
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906:
902:
898:
894:
889:
884:
880:
876:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
845:
841:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
810:
806:
802:
798:
791:
788:
783:
779:
775:
771:
764:
761:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
720:
717:
712:
708:
703:
698:
694:
690:
686:
679:
676:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
630:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
603:
600:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
568:
566:
562:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
530:
527:
522:
518:
514:
510:
507:(6): 1235–8.
506:
502:
495:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
452:
449:
444:
440:
435:
430:
426:
422:
421:Fertil Steril
418:
411:
408:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:(7): 425–33.
387:
383:
376:
373:
368:
362:
358:
354:
350:
343:
341:
339:
335:
330:
326:
321:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
289:
286:
281:
277:
272:
267:
264:(6): 979–80.
263:
259:
255:
248:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
205:
202:
195:
191:
188:
187:
183:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:term delivery
159:
155:
151:
150:hysteroscopic
146:
139:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
110:
108:
106:
102:
101:DES daughters
94:
88:
84:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
59:is a type of
58:
48:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
920:
916:
878:
874:
853:
849:
804:
800:
790:
776:(3): 233–6.
773:
770:J Reprod Med
769:
763:
733:(3): 183–8.
730:
726:
719:
692:
688:
678:
643:
639:
629:
612:
608:
602:
577:
573:
539:
535:
529:
504:
500:
494:
461:
457:
451:
424:
420:
410:
385:
381:
375:
348:
302:
298:
288:
261:
257:
247:
217:(4): 395–7.
214:
210:
204:
147:
143:
129:interstitial
114:
105:congenitally
98:
73:implantation
56:
54:
923:(1): 33–9.
856:: 187–202.
615:(1): 25–7.
580:(1): 41–3.
542:(1): 51–9.
351:: 261–270.
178:haemorrhage
176:and severe
166:endometrium
154:metroplasty
81:miscarriage
948:Categories
881:(1): 1–7.
689:Hum Reprod
299:Hum Reprod
196:References
121:sonography
69:ESHRE/ESGE
897:0015-0282
823:0268-1161
662:0015-0282
478:0033-8419
458:Radiology
140:Prognosis
111:Diagnosis
45:Specialty
937:15006276
905:10428139
831:21398337
747:21150155
670:12413972
443:15950625
402:15464882
329:23771171
239:33451512
184:See also
158:incision
862:7110645
782:1564709
755:2313662
711:9021378
621:7352058
594:8821883
521:2816640
486:7403556
320:3712660
231:7282306
49:Urology
935:
903:
895:
860:
829:
821:
780:
753:
745:
709:
668:
660:
619:
592:
556:851159
554:
519:
484:
476:
441:
400:
363:
327:
317:
280:108980
278:
237:
229:
95:Causes
751:S2CID
235:S2CID
933:PMID
901:PMID
893:ISSN
858:PMID
827:PMID
819:ISSN
778:PMID
743:PMID
707:PMID
666:PMID
658:ISSN
617:PMID
590:PMID
552:PMID
517:PMID
482:PMID
474:ISSN
439:PMID
398:PMID
361:ISBN
325:PMID
276:PMID
227:PMID
131:and
925:doi
883:doi
809:doi
735:doi
697:doi
648:doi
582:doi
544:doi
540:128
509:doi
505:153
466:doi
462:136
429:doi
390:doi
353:doi
315:PMC
307:doi
266:doi
262:132
219:doi
65:DES
950::
931:.
921:13
919:.
899:.
891:.
879:72
877:.
873:.
854:11
852:.
825:.
817:.
805:26
803:.
799:.
774:37
772:.
749:.
741:.
731:71
729:.
705:.
693:11
691:.
687:.
664:.
656:.
644:78
642:.
638:.
613:55
611:.
588:.
578:41
576:.
564:^
550:.
538:.
515:.
503:.
480:.
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460:.
437:.
425:83
423:.
419:.
396:.
386:28
384:.
359:.
337:^
323:.
313:.
303:28
301:.
297:.
274:.
260:.
256:.
233:.
225:.
215:60
213:.
180:.
172:,
119:,
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79:,
55:A
939:.
927::
907:.
885::
864:.
833:.
811::
784:.
757:.
737::
713:.
699::
672:.
650::
623:.
596:.
584::
558:.
546::
523:.
511::
488:.
468::
445:.
431::
404:.
392::
369:.
355::
331:.
309::
282:.
268::
241:.
221::
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