640:
communist credentials and
Croatian nationalism made him appealing to a wide spectrum of voters when it became clear that the ruling establishment in Croatia was unwilling to resolutely resist Milošević's power grab that threatened to turn Yugoslavia into centralized Serbian state. Tuđman's political ideology of 'national reconciliation' adopted an ambivalent attitude towards the Second World War-era fascist Ustaša regime, combining formal denunciation with the re-inclusion of its supporters in national discourse.4 Even as he engaged in such revisionism, Tudman was able to recruit elements of the security services, JNA officer corps, and Communist Party members in the battle for an independent Croatia that was based upon anti-communist and anti-Yugoslav rhetoric.
127:, Yugoslav society saw the increasing proliferation of media and publications which espoused alternative views of politics and history which deviated from the state-sanctioned official narratives of the communist regime, in particular the increase of nationalist perspectives which were either suppressed or softened during the communist era and its official ideology of "
359:
196:
the responsibility for the crimes does not fall upon a mere handful of
Pavelic’s fanatical followers, blinded by vengeful impulses, but on the entire Croatian nation. From this point, it follows logically that... Croatianness can be equated with Ustashism which is branded as worse than Fascism or Nazism.
240:
Tuđman took a pragmatic approach when seeking to establish an independent
Croatian state, as he sought the support of both nationalists as well as those with a recent history in the communist system. This led to the so-called policy of reconciliation, embraced by Tuđman, and which had precedence with
195:
There is also the systematic creation of the black legend of historical guilt of the entire
Croatian nation. For if the dimensions of the Ustasha crime are stretched to hundreds of thousands and even millions of victims, and if, by contrast, there are no commensurate crimes on the opposite side, then
639:
Any analysis of post-Yugoslav cultures of victory in
Croatia must start in the person of Franjo Tuđman, a former Partisan officer and dissident historian, who effectively used nationalist discourse to mobilize electoral support in the first multiparty elections in Croatia in 1990. Tuđman's combined
416:
newspaper, 62% of respondents gave the most credit to Tuđman for the creation of an independent
Croatia. In December 2014, an Ipsos Puls survey of 600 people found that 56% of the respondents see him as a positive figure, 27% said he had both positive and negative aspects, while only 14% regard him
178:
during World War II, which had been exaggerated by communist authorities, and likewise heavily underestimated by
Croatian nationalist writers. In fact, he had been writing on the subject since the mid-1960's, being consistently censured by authorities for doing so, as well. Tuđman published a work
671:
tragovima Maksa Luburića, koji je uvidio da bez pomirenja s komunistima neće doći do pomirenja svih Hrvata, što je preuzeo Bruno Bušić, Tuđmanov istomišljenik s
Instituta za historiju radničkog pokreta u Zagrebu, ubijen od strane emigrantsko-udbaških snaga koje su nadzirale tokove
220:
ideology either, developing a fresh
Croatian nationalism based around his own ideas and personality. One way in which he secured his position as the most influential nationalist leader was by obtaining considerable funds from the well-coordinated
252:
Under his tenure as president, Tuđman swiftly established hegemony in the
Croatian government early on and introduced strong state control over the media as a means of spreading the HDZ's ideology to the public. In some instances, journalists of
20:
146:
during World War II, and after the war had been a "true believer" of the state ideology until being converting to Croatian nationalism in the 1960's, and was also jailed on multiple occasions, including after the
167:
91:
defines Tuđmanism to be the name both for an ideology and for a regime. According to Ravlić, the ideology contains elements of deification of the Croatian people started by
308:' idea. At one point, he said that Croatia looked like "an apple with a bite taken out of it," in reference to Bosnia and Herzegovina. He is known to have supported the
760:
257:(that is, half-Croat and half-Serb) were criticised as "enemies of Croatia" and dismissed from their positions. Those who spoke out against the regime during
120:
685:
894:
869:
879:
864:
552:
507:
738:
653:
309:
291:
710:
854:
313:
798:
201:
Franjo Tuđman, Horrors of War: Historical Reality and Philosophy–Revised Edition, translated by Katrina Mijatović (1996), Page 15
587:
95:, a continuation of the 20th-century conservative tradition that rejects liberal democracy, and a mix of ideas represented by
547:, Serbian and Croatian victim centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia, Manchester University Press, pp. 160–182,
899:
859:
502:, Serbian and Croatian victim centred propaganda and the war in Yugoslavia, Manchester University Press, pp. 98–131,
355:. As a result, the latter half of his administration saw relative geopolitical isolation, as well as economic stagnation.
84:
884:
258:
175:
171:
381:, and the subsequence arrival of the Tudjmanist era from 1989 until shortly after Tuđman's death. It was in 2000 that
339:
civilisation, and that it was these geo-cultural regions which Croatia had to orient itself towards. In relation to
372:
343:, he remarked that "our political links with the Balkans between 1918 and 1990 were just a short episode in the
874:
275:
889:
301:
321:
786:
390:
152:
136:
128:
112:
812:
347:, and we are determined not to repeat that episode ever again!" Nonetheless, his policies towards the
849:
686:"304. Father of His Country? Franjo Tudjman and the Creation of Contemporary Croatia | Wilson Center"
583:"Cultures of Victory and the Political Consequences of Foundational Legitimacy in Croatia and Kosovo"
254:
184:
92:
50:
27:
393:
position. This lasted until he was expelled from the party in 2010. He was succeeded by his deputy,
151:
movement in 1971. Tudjman even named his own writings on historiography, which political scientist
658:
612:
558:
513:
398:
344:
143:
401:, under whom the party returned to a relatively more hardline position, which has been called a
183:
in 1987 which claimed that such "Jasenovac distortion" was a tool for Serbian control to keep "
794:
630:
604:
548:
503:
336:
270:
were drafted into the military after criticising him. These processes ran parallel to similar
246:
222:
42:
808:
791:
Balkan Holocausts?: Serbian and Croatian Victim-Centred Propaganda and the War in Yugoslavia
715:
620:
596:
411:
100:
88:
54:
23:
304:, both as an earlier writer and later as a statesman, which he believed to be part of the '
377:
305:
148:
124:
96:
72:
242:
53:
which reached its strongest peak during the administration of Croatia's first president,
625:
582:
394:
352:
332:
271:
226:
843:
274:
of political power and state-media propagation of nationalism that were occurring in
266:
216:
Although he rejected Yugoslav communism, Tuđman did not outright embrace the radical
541:"Comparing genocides: 'numbers games' and 'holocausts' at Jasenovac and Bleiburg"
382:
348:
340:
297:
61:
562:
540:
517:
495:
230:
160:
132:
116:
608:
600:
135:. Tuđman himself had been taking part in such debates for decades before the
80:
68:
58:
634:
217:
19:
317:
616:
815:[The Eponymisation of Ideological Change in Croatia 1989-2005]
496:"Croatia, 'Greater Serbianism', and the conflict between East and West"
328:
234:
188:
156:
76:
375:(HDZ) has seen at least three processes. The first was the so-called
279:
262:
358:
327:
In his earlier writings, Tudman also showed a negative view of the
357:
18:
739:"Tuđman najzaslužniji za državu kakvu imamo, osvojio 62% glasova"
711:"Karamarko: Ni za Pavelića ni za Tita, moramo se vratiti Tuđmanu"
261:
were often censored or punished; in one instance, editors of the
761:"15 GODINA POSLIJE: Evo što Hrvati danas misle o Franji Tuđmanu"
99:. The resulting regime was authoritarian, it created a form of
131:" of different national groups and opposition to nationalist
397:. Afterwards, in May 2012, the HDZ elected a new president,
166:
One of the most common debates was about the death toll of
434:
432:
430:
103:, and engaged in the creation of an ideological hegemony.
351:
brought him at odds with the international community and
813:"Eponimizacija ideološke promjene u Hrvatskoj 1989-2005"
292:
Partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina § Yugoslav Wars
237:, and thus avoided the purges of local nationalists.
581:
Boduszyński, Mieczysław P.; Pavlaković, Vjeran (2019).
464:
462:
449:
447:
331:
and believed that Croatia had historically belonged to
71:, Tudjmanism united both dominant strands of Croatian
654:"Desna koža - Piši Tuđman, pamti Boljkovac i Manolić"
142:Tuđman had been a member of the Yugoslav communist
389:, which moderated the party's orientation to a
385:became president of the HDZ, after which there
193:
409:
371:The continuance of Tudjmanist postures in his
57:. Tuđman himself defined the ideology as non-
8:
163:', after himself, dubbing it 'Tudjmanism'.
624:
438:
426:
709:Opačak-Klobučar, Tamara (8 May 2012).
468:
453:
229:" and contained many families who had
362:Logo of the Croatian Democratic Union
233:from Yugoslavia out of opposition to
64:with "re-examined Croatian history".
7:
821:Anali Hrvatskog politološkog društva
534:
532:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
312:with Serbia, and also supported the
314:Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
14:
895:Political terminology of Croatia
181:Wilderness of Historical Reality
67:According to Croatian historian
793:. Manchester University Press.
588:Journal of Contemporary History
539:Macdonald, David Bruce (2002),
494:Macdonald, David Bruce (2002),
310:partition of Bosnia-Herzegovina
87:. Croatian political scientist
870:Eponymous political ideologies
1:
652:Plevnik, Danko (2013-01-05).
85:Socialist Republic of Croatia
880:Political history of Croatia
865:Croatian War of Independence
259:Croatian War of Independence
187:in shackles" and "instigate
176:Independent State of Croatia
172:Jasenovac concentration camp
408:In a June 2011 poll by the
79:-sympathisers and Croatian
916:
296:Tuđman had long expressed
289:
137:collapse of the Yugoslavia
855:Croatian Democratic Union
373:Croatian Democratic Union
16:Croatian Democratic Union
601:10.1177/0022009419838045
191:against Croatianness":
787:MacDonald, David Bruce
417:as a negative figure.
410:
363:
302:Bosnia and Herzegovina
204:
46:
31:
361:
290:Further information:
225:, which was "solidly
153:David Bruce MacDonald
129:brotherhood and unity
22:
900:Croatian irredentism
860:Croatian nationalism
690:www.wilsoncenter.org
684:Sadkovich, James J.
75:, that is, Croatian
51:Croatian nationalism
30:from 1991 until 1999
28:President of Croatia
885:Politics of Croatia
659:Slobodna Dalmacija
545:Balkan Holocausts?
500:Balkan Holocausts?
399:Tomislav Karamarko
364:
320:forces during the
276:Slobodan Milošević
174:under the fascist
32:
554:978-0-7190-6466-1
509:978-0-7190-6466-1
403:re-tudjmanisation
387:de-tudjmanisation
322:Croat–Bosniak War
300:impulses towards
223:Croatian diaspora
159:' and sometimes '
907:
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345:Croatian history
333:Central European
202:
101:crony capitalism
915:
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875:Neoconservatism
840:
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823:(in Croatian).
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316:forces against
306:Greater Croatia
294:
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255:mixed parentage
214:
209:
203:
200:
168:Serbian victims
149:Croatian Spring
125:Josip Broz Tito
109:
97:neoconservatism
73:anti-liberalism
49:) is a form of
17:
12:
11:
5:
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809:Ravlić, Slaven
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595:(4): 799–824.
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553:
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518:j.ctt155jbrm.9
508:
473:
471:, p. 113.
458:
456:, p. 112.
443:
441:, p. 100.
439:MacDonald 2002
425:
424:
422:
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395:Jadranka Kosor
378:de-titoisation
368:
365:
353:European Union
287:
284:
272:consolidations
227:anti-communist
213:
210:
208:
205:
198:
155:described as '
119:following the
113:twilight years
108:
107:Historiography
105:
93:Ante Starčević
83:of the former
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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890:Yugoslav Wars
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822:
814:
811:(June 2006).
810:
806:
802:
800:9780719064678
796:
792:
788:
784:
783:
779:
762:
756:
753:
741:. Vecernji.hr
740:
734:
731:
719:(in Croatian)
718:
717:
716:Večernji list
712:
705:
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662:(in Croatian)
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337:Mediterranean
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89:Slaven Ravlić
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56:
55:Franjo Tuđman
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
25:
24:Franjo Tuđman
21:
829:. Retrieved
824:
820:
790:
765:. Retrieved
763:. dnevnik.hr
755:
743:. Retrieved
733:
721:. Retrieved
714:
704:
693:. Retrieved
689:
679:
670:
664:. Retrieved
657:
647:
638:
592:
586:
576:
566:, retrieved
544:
521:, retrieved
499:
407:
405:of the HDZ.
402:
391:centre-right
386:
376:
370:
326:
295:
265:
251:
243:Maks Luburić
239:
215:
194:
185:Croatianness
180:
165:
141:
110:
66:
38:
34:
33:
850:Bosnian War
469:Ravlić 2006
454:Ravlić 2006
383:Ivo Sanader
349:Bosnian War
341:Yugoslavism
298:irredentist
286:Geopolitics
247:Bruno Bušić
62:nationalism
844:Categories
780:Literature
695:2023-09-19
672:pomirenja.
666:2013-04-14
568:2023-09-19
523:2023-09-19
421:References
245:and later
157:egocentric
133:separatism
117:Yugoslavia
81:communists
47:tuđmanizam
39:Tudjmanism
609:0022-0094
263:satirical
249:as well.
231:emigrated
179:entitled
161:messianic
144:partisans
69:Ivo Banac
59:communist
35:Tuđmanism
789:(2002).
635:34285422
617:26787449
324:period.
212:Domestic
207:Politics
199:—
43:Croatian
831:15 June
767:19 July
723:14 June
626:8280552
329:Balkans
318:Bosniak
235:Titoism
189:Serbdom
111:In the
77:fascist
797:
745:15 May
633:
623:
615:
607:
561:
551:
516:
506:
367:Legacy
280:Serbia
218:Ustaše
817:(PDF)
613:JSTOR
559:JSTOR
514:JSTOR
121:death
833:2012
795:ISBN
769:2015
747:2015
725:2012
631:PMID
605:ISSN
549:ISBN
504:ISBN
335:and
827:(1)
621:PMC
597:doi
282:.
278:'s
170:at
123:of
115:of
37:or
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688:.
669:.
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446:^
429:^
139:.
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835:.
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727:.
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599::
41:(
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