957:
1169:
972:
1069:
1049:
1181:
1101:
1153:
1133:
51:
1089:
758:
917:"Grandmother of the Soil and the Ground"), placed next to them on the altar. They may be seen as just and benevolent deities on the same rank as their husbands, or as grudging old women holding back their husband's benedictions, which explains why one does not always receive fair retribution for good behavior.
920:
Another story says that Tudipo is supposed to be a young lady. After
Tudigong received a heavenly rank, he gave everything that the people asked for. When one of the Deities went down to Earth to do inspections, he saw that Tudigong was distributing blessings unnecessarily. Soon after that, the Deity
928:
After the Jade
Emperor knew this, he found out that there was a lady that was going to be killed, but she was not guilty. Thus, the Jade Emperor told a Deity to go down to Earth and bring the lady to heaven. When the lady was brought to the Celestial Palace, the Jade Emperor bestowed her to Tudigong
1005:
Many temples house small shrines with the image of
Tudigong, commonly located under the main altar, or below the house door. Many worshippers supplicate with the intention of gaining wealth or maintaining their physical health. They are also traditionally worshipped before the burial of deceased
864:("City Gods") became more prominent in China, land worship had a hierarchy of deities conforming strictly to social structure, in which the emperor, kings, dukes, officials, and common people were allowed to worship only the land gods within their command; the highest land deity was the
943:
In Taiwan, festivals dedicated to
Tudigong typically take place on the second day of the second month and the 15th day of the eighth month on the Chinese lunar calendar. The second day of the second month is said to be Tudigong's birthday. Today these deities are associated with
929:
as his wife. She was ordered to look after how many blessings
Tudigong distributes and that they not be unnecessarily distributed. This is why many people do not want to pay respect to Tudipo, because they are afraid that she will not let Tudigong give much wealth to them.
956:
1168:
1132:
1068:
1180:
1100:
1491:
522:
The definitive characteristic of
Tudigongs is that they are limited to their specific geographical locations. The Tudigong of one location is not the Tudigong of another location
492:
of a specific location. There are several
Tudigongs corresponding to different geographical locations and sometimes multiple ones will be venerated together in certain regions.
883:
of the Ming dynasty was born in a
Tudigong shrine. The image of a Tudigong is that of a simply clothed, smiling, white-bearded man. His wife, the Grandmother of the Village,
1799:
1048:
1643:
1568:
1729:
1618:
1593:
1152:
971:
807:
However, originally the character 社 meant soil, and had a connotation of divinity; see the diagram on the right for more info on its relationship with the
1767:
Wen-yu Chang & Wei-ping Lin, “A Fairy-like Woman, Taiwanese
Businessmen, and Temple Managers: A New Age Temple of Earth God in Xiamen” (in Chinese),
2387:
1088:
2362:
1915:
1525:
1459:
669:) is used extensively as a replacement of Tudigong by the Chinese population across South East Asia, although they refer to the same deity.
813:
The character 社 alone historically referred to such deities. It is a combination of deity (示) and soil (土), meaning "god of the land"
539:
When people move from one location to another, they will say goodbye to their local
Tudigong and worship the one of the new location
1517:
1415:
1389:
1668:
2070:
1205:
536:
Often, a specific person who did a great service to their local community will be seen as becoming a Tudigong after their death.
1785:
991:
are called 土地神屋 or Tudigong House, representing a link between the concept and the concept of a Tudigong temple dedicated to a
2377:
374:
286:
157:
1716:
Religion in Chinese Society : A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors
1384:
The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. Religions & Beliefs, edited by Prof. Dr M. Kamal Hassan & Dr. Ghazali bin Basri.
692:
This word may be confusing as 社 is often used to refer to society or shrines, but the original etymology was linked to soil.
1737:
1792:
585:
475:
2189:
1925:
1910:
1859:
980:
1647:
1572:
1622:
1597:
500:
875:, the Tudigongs have been very popular among villagers as the grassroot deities since the 14th century during the
2367:
2357:
1900:
1512:
Keith G. Stevens, Chinese Mythological Gods, Oxford University Press, USA, (November 8, 2001), pages 60, 68, 70,
1107:
2372:
56:
1029:
879:. Some scholars speculate that this change came because of an imperial edict, because it is reported that the
1844:
1712:
2382:
1864:
1808:
1996:
2347:
2342:
2135:
2080:
1966:
1920:
1869:
1216:
504:
50:
1541:
2168:
1278:
1034:
824:
752:
2352:
2065:
2039:
1827:
1017:
435:
412:
212:
1463:
1436:
808:
193:
185:
2194:
1986:
1971:
1895:
1521:
1513:
1411:
1385:
1259:
1221:
999:
839:
141:
133:
1832:
1253:
782:
The character 社 is now primarily associated with Society, being present in such compounds as
2316:
2130:
2125:
2075:
1991:
1961:
1890:
1854:
1342:
1243:
1187:
872:
861:
565:
526:
508:
346:
323:
258:
235:
112:
73:
28:
2158:
2095:
1940:
1885:
976:
776:
1672:
449:
2306:
2225:
2220:
2049:
2029:
2006:
1945:
1010:
992:
880:
817:
720:
557:
496:
489:
2336:
2281:
2153:
2001:
1930:
1480:, eds. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge (London: Routledge, 1998).
1270:
1139:
988:
569:
530:
2011:
2321:
2252:
1976:
1905:
1284:
1075:
945:
938:
922:
876:
801:
658:
512:
402:
353:
265:
202:
119:
662:
1401:
1399:
1397:
2271:
2242:
2230:
2112:
2085:
2044:
757:
456:
2173:
2163:
2090:
1248:
968:
Tudigong temples are common across China, Tibet, Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong.
961:
1314:
1020:, many Tudigong shrines were destroyed. However, many were recently rebuilt.
844:
2107:
2034:
1839:
1143:
1006:
persons to thank him for using his land to return their bodies to the earth
891:
797:
783:
367:
279:
150:
60:
1718:(1967 ). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. page 97
17:
2276:
2117:
1981:
1777:
1689:
1237:
1226:
1210:
1123:
1055:
850:
561:
543:
525:
They are considered to be among the lowest ranked divinities, just below
388:
300:
171:
542:
The deities are considered to have a kind of appointed position like an
2286:
2247:
2235:
2215:
1935:
1849:
1644:"social media | translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1290:
1159:
1119:
854:
820:(shèjì, 社稷), with both sometimes being personified as husband and wife
766:
674:
409:
209:
86:
83:
80:
2259:
2100:
1231:
1191:
1079:
1059:
1002:
has two Tudigong temples next to each other for different Tudigongs.
516:
1476:
Shiv Visvanathan, “Mrs Brundtland’s Disenchanted Cosmos” (1991) in
2264:
1619:"sociology translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1594:"socialism translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1264:
970:
955:
865:
756:
549:
743:), which reflects the close relationship with the common people.
2210:
1822:
1275:
1115:
1781:
765:
Tudigongs are believed to have originally developed out of the
34:
Guardian or patron deity of a locality in Chinese folk religion
1410:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. p. 125.
830:
Sacrifices to Sheshen transitioned to sacrifices to Tudigong
761:
Etymology of Sheshen. Both characters are religious in nature
546:, with different deities being appointed to different areas.
417:
217:
1094:
A small altar for Tudi, part of a Chinese tomb, Indonesia.
739:
Commoners often call their local Tudigong "grandfather" (
503:
of locations and the human communities who inhabit it in
393:
379:
305:
291:
190:
176:
162:
1186:
A large statue of a Tudigong at the Hongludi Temple in
614:; 'land', ' soil') and translated as
358:
270:
138:
124:
907:
In the countryside, they are sometimes given wives,
2299:
2203:
2182:
2146:
2058:
2022:
1954:
1878:
1815:
1569:"社 Chinese English dictionary 社 translate 社 pinyin"
1542:"Sheshen 社神, Local Deities (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
1013:of the Ming dynasty was born in a Tudigong shrine.
975:A shrine to a Tudigong within the entrance gate of
606:; 'God of the Land'), also known simply as
448:
434:
429:
408:
401:
387:
373:
366:
352:
345:
340:
322:
317:
299:
285:
278:
264:
257:
252:
234:
229:
208:
201:
184:
170:
156:
149:
132:
118:
111:
106:
94:
72:
67:
39:
890:In later generations, they became associated with
519:. They are portrayed as old men with long beards.
921:went to the Celestial Palace and reported to the
729:"Right God of Blessing and Virtue") or Fudegong (
488:'Lord of the Land') is a kind of Chinese
454:
440:
1408:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
1174:A roadside shrine to Tudigong in Miaoli, Taiwan
1736:. Council for Cultural Affairs. Archived from
860:Tudigongs developed from land worship. Before
580:Tudigongs go by a variety of names, including
1793:
1460:"首頁 > 宗教知識+ > 宗教神祇 > 土地公(Tudi gong)"
912:
730:
724:
712:
698:
684:
678:
650:
644:
635:
626:
328:
240:
78:
8:
593:
483:
1800:
1786:
1778:
853:who was appointed as a god of the soil by
337:
249:
103:
49:
1146:. It invokes Tudigong to bring blessings.
1315:"Tudi Gong | Chinese deity | Britannica"
1916:Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind
1769:Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology
1437:"tudigong, god of the land, Manray Hsu"
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1303:
1044:
55:A shrine to a local Tudigong along the
192:
140:
36:
1684:
1682:
1563:
1561:
1535:
1533:
7:
1690:"Sheji | Chinese deity | Britannica"
1454:
1452:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1336:
1334:
1309:
1307:
707:Extended titles of the god include:
1490:Hall, Christopher A. (2009-01-01).
775:(社神), also known as Tudigongs, are
1158:A small altar in a private house,
25:
1496:Southeast Review of Asian Studies
529:("God of Local City"), and above
2071:Confucian royal ancestral shrine
1343:"Nuannuan Twins Tudigong Temple"
1206:Agriculture in Chinese mythology
1179:
1167:
1151:
1131:
1099:
1087:
1067:
1047:
621:Other names of the god include:
2388:East Asian traditional religion
1669:"Meaning of Chinese characters"
887:, looks like a normal old lady
838:The earliest known sheshen was
735:"Lord of Blessing and Virtue").
683:"God of the Soil") or Shegong (
649:"Great Elder Lord") or Bogong (
598:'Lord of the Land') or
418:
394:
380:
318:Second alternative Chinese name
306:
292:
218:
191:
177:
163:
2363:Journey to the West characters
1074:A temple dedicated to Fude in
792:
731:
717:"God who May Bless the Soil");
645:
636:
627:
611:
603:
589:
479:
455:
359:
329:
271:
241:
139:
125:
79:
1:
2190:Four Books and Five Classics
1926:Ancestor veneration in China
1911:Unity of Heaven and humanity
1646:. 2022-05-04. Archived from
1621:. 2015-07-20. Archived from
1596:. 2016-02-29. Archived from
1571:. 2022-10-14. Archived from
816:Sheshen are associated with
1758:参见《〈辞海〉1999年索引本（音序）》第1480页。
823:Tudigong means Tu (earth),
779:associated with the soil.
568:("God of Local City"), and
552:is the overlord of all the
2404:
1406:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
936:
827:, Gong (grandfather/duke)
750:
499:(i.e. guardian or patron)
26:
1901:Confucian ritual religion
1142:dedicated to Tudigong in
913:
787:
725:
713:
703:"Ruler God of the Soil").
699:
685:
679:
651:
464:
336:
248:
102:
48:
44:
1728:Cheng, Shuiping (2011).
1009:It is reported that the
868:("Queen of the Earth").
556:("Lord of Local Land"),
230:Alternative Chinese name
219:Thó-tī-kong/Thó͘-tī-kong
57:Ping Shan Heritage Trail
27:Not to be confused with
1845:Ritual and music system
804:(社群媒體, Shè qún méitǐ).
1809:Religious Confucianism
1734:Encyclopedia of Taiwan
1478:The Geopolitics Reader
984:
965:
800:(社会学, Shèhuì xué) and
762:
640:"Soil-Ground Father");
564:("God of Mountains"),
441:
2378:Chinese folk religion
2136:Temple of Agriculture
2081:Religious goods store
1967:Holy Confucian Church
1921:Chinese folk religion
1870:Worship of the living
1546:www.chinaknowledge.de
1492:"Tudi Gong in Taiwan"
1217:Chinese folk religion
1054:A Tudigong temple in
1030:Checheng Fu'an Temple
998:A notable example in
974:
960:A Tudigong Temple in
959:
760:
689:"Lord of the Soil");
505:Chinese folk religion
2169:Confucian coin charm
1341:基隆市政府 (2020-08-26).
1035:Zhushan Zinan Temple
753:Di (Chinese concept)
631:"Lord of the Soil");
2066:Temple of Confucius
1828:Sacrifice to Heaven
1018:cultural revolution
436:Vietnamese alphabet
1694:www.britannica.com
1540:Theobald, Ulrich.
1319:www.britannica.com
1108:Temple of Dabogong
985:
966:
809:Oracle bone script
763:
2330:
2329:
2260:Bluegreen Emperor
2195:Thirteen Classics
1987:Confucian Academy
1972:Xuanyuan teaching
1896:Mandate of Heaven
1771:82 (2015): 27–60.
1526:978-0-19-591990-5
1466:on July 29, 2016.
1260:Religion in China
1222:Chinese mythology
1000:Nuannuan District
616:Lord of the Earth
596:
486:
468:
467:
425:
424:
375:Yale Romanization
347:Standard Mandarin
313:
312:
287:Yale Romanization
259:Standard Mandarin
225:
224:
158:Yale Romanization
113:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
2395:
2368:Regional deities
2358:Tutelary deities
2300:Tutelary deities
2131:Beijing Shejitan
2126:Temple of Heaven
2122:Beijing Temples
2076:Ancestral shrine
1992:Confucian Shinto
1962:Confucian church
1891:Chinese theology
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1725:
1719:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1671:. Archived from
1665:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1537:
1528:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1487:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1462:. Archived from
1456:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1433:
1422:
1421:
1403:
1392:
1382:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1311:
1244:Nisse (folklore)
1188:Zhonghe District
1183:
1171:
1155:
1135:
1103:
1091:
1071:
1051:
1024:Existing Temples
916:
915:
848:
794:
789:
769:belief system
734:
733:
728:
727:
716:
715:
702:
701:
688:
687:
682:
681:
654:
653:
648:
647:
639:
638:
630:
629:
613:
605:
597:
594:
591:
487:
484:
481:
460:
459:
444:
421:
420:
397:
396:
383:
382:
362:
361:
338:
332:
331:
309:
308:
295:
294:
274:
273:
250:
244:
243:
221:
220:
197:
196:
195:
180:
179:
166:
165:
145:
144:
143:
128:
127:
104:
98:Lord of the Land
90:
89:
53:
37:
29:City God (China)
21:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2393:
2392:
2373:Chthonic beings
2333:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2295:
2199:
2178:
2159:Tiangong censer
2142:
2054:
2018:
1950:
1941:Yan Huang Zisun
1886:Shendao shejiao
1874:
1811:
1806:
1776:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1743:
1741:
1740:on 20 July 2012
1727:
1726:
1722:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1696:
1688:
1687:
1680:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1653:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1612:
1603:
1601:
1592:
1591:
1587:
1578:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1559:
1550:
1548:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1511:
1507:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1471:
1458:
1457:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1418:
1405:
1404:
1395:
1383:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1323:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1202:
1195:
1184:
1175:
1172:
1163:
1156:
1147:
1136:
1127:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1072:
1063:
1052:
1043:
1026:
977:Tai Wai Village
954:
941:
935:
905:
900:
871:Ranked beneath
842:
836:
777:Chinese deities
755:
749:
711:Tudihuofushen (
655:"Elder Lord");
578:
560:("the State"),
430:Vietnamese name
178:tou2 dei6 gung1
95:Literal meaning
63:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2334:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2307:Landlord deity
2303:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2250:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2228:
2226:Yellow Emperor
2221:Wufang Shangdi
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2186:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2050:Yamazaki Ansai
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2030:Yellow Emperor
2026:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1946:Soil and grain
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1867:
1865:Ghost marriage
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1825:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1774:
1773:
1760:
1751:
1720:
1705:
1678:
1675:on 2013-09-15.
1660:
1635:
1610:
1585:
1557:
1529:
1505:
1482:
1469:
1448:
1423:
1416:
1393:
1358:
1330:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1273:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1185:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1166:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1086:
1084:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1025:
1022:
1011:Hongwu Emperor
995:or a Tudigong
993:landlord deity
981:walled village
953:
950:
934:
931:
904:
901:
899:
896:
881:Hongwu Emperor
862:Chenghuangshen
835:
832:
818:soil and grain
748:
745:
737:
736:
718:
705:
704:
695:
694:
693:
672:
671:
670:
641:
632:
577:
574:
490:tutelary deity
466:
465:
462:
461:
452:
446:
445:
438:
432:
431:
427:
426:
423:
422:
415:
406:
405:
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385:
384:
377:
371:
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368:Yue: Cantonese
364:
363:
356:
350:
349:
343:
342:
341:Transcriptions
334:
333:
326:
320:
319:
315:
314:
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297:
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289:
283:
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280:Yue: Cantonese
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261:
255:
254:
253:Transcriptions
246:
245:
238:
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227:
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222:
215:
206:
205:
199:
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188:
182:
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174:
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154:
153:
151:Yue: Cantonese
147:
146:
136:
130:
129:
122:
116:
115:
109:
108:
107:Transcriptions
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
76:
70:
69:
65:
64:
54:
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2400:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2383:Earth deities
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2282:Flame Emperor
2280:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2243:Black Emperor
2241:
2237:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2231:White Emperor
2229:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Spirit tablet
2152:
2151:
2149:
2145:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:Organizations
1953:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Son of Heaven
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
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1887:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1877:
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1826:
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1821:
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1814:
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1803:
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1780:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1706:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1650:on 2022-05-04
1649:
1645:
1639:
1636:
1625:on 2015-07-20
1624:
1620:
1614:
1611:
1600:on 2016-02-29
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1575:on 2022-10-14
1574:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1547:
1543:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:0-19-591990-4
1515:
1509:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1465:
1461:
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1438:
1432:
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1428:
1424:
1419:
1417:0-8351-2481-9
1413:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1394:
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1390:981-3018-51-8
1387:
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1363:
1359:
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1316:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1271:Spirit tablet
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
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1228:
1225:
1223:
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1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:spirit tablet
1134:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1106:Tower of the
1102:
1097:
1090:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1001:
996:
994:
990:
989:Spirit houses
983:of Hong Kong.
982:
978:
973:
969:
963:
958:
951:
949:
947:
940:
932:
930:
926:
924:
918:
910:
902:
897:
895:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
846:
841:
833:
831:
828:
826:
821:
819:
814:
811:
810:
805:
803:
799:
795:
785:
780:
778:
774:
770:
768:
759:
754:
746:
744:
742:
722:
721:Fudezhengshen
719:
710:
709:
708:
696:
691:
690:
676:
673:
668:
664:
660:
657:
656:
642:
633:
624:
623:
622:
619:
617:
609:
601:
587:
583:
575:
573:
571:
570:landlord gods
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
545:
540:
537:
534:
532:
531:landlord gods
528:
523:
520:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
493:
491:
477:
473:
463:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
437:
433:
428:
416:
414:
411:
407:
404:
400:
392:
390:
386:
378:
376:
372:
369:
365:
357:
355:
351:
348:
344:
339:
335:
327:
325:
321:
316:
304:
302:
298:
290:
288:
284:
281:
277:
269:
267:
263:
260:
256:
251:
247:
239:
237:
233:
228:
216:
214:
211:
207:
204:
200:
194:
189:
187:
183:
175:
173:
169:
164:tóu deih gūng
161:
159:
155:
152:
148:
142:
137:
135:
131:
123:
121:
117:
114:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
82:
77:
75:
71:
66:
62:
58:
52:
47:
43:
38:
30:
19:
2348:Fortune gods
2343:Chinese gods
2322:Mountain God
2311:
2007:Suika Shinto
1977:Taigu school
1906:Filial piety
1833:Festival Huế
1768:
1763:
1754:
1742:. Retrieved
1738:the original
1733:
1723:
1715:
1708:
1697:. Retrieved
1693:
1673:the original
1663:
1652:. Retrieved
1648:the original
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:the original
1613:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:the original
1588:
1577:. Retrieved
1573:the original
1549:. Retrieved
1545:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1464:the original
1440:. Retrieved
1407:
1350:. Retrieved
1346:
1322:. Retrieved
1318:
1285:Tua Pek Kong
1112:Tua Pek Kong
1111:
1076:Wujie, Yilan
1015:
1008:
1004:
997:
987:In Chinese,
986:
967:
964:, Hong Kong.
946:Ritual opera
942:
939:Ritual opera
927:
923:Jade Emperor
919:
908:
906:
889:
884:
877:Ming dynasty
870:
859:
837:
829:
822:
815:
812:
806:
802:social media
793:Shèhuì zhǔyì
791:
781:
772:
771:
764:
740:
738:
706:
667:Tuā-peh-kong
666:
659:Tua Pek Kong
620:
615:
607:
599:
581:
579:
553:
548:
541:
538:
535:
524:
521:
513:Confucianism
494:
471:
469:
403:Southern Min
354:Hanyu Pinyin
266:Hanyu Pinyin
203:Southern Min
120:Hanyu Pinyin
68:Chinese name
2272:Red Emperor
2113:Miao shrine
2086:Hero shrine
2045:Kang Youwei
1744:24 February
1730:"Earth God"
1713:Yang, C. K.
1162:, Thailand.
1016:During the
849:, a son of
843: [
572:worldwide.
2353:Earth gods
2337:Categories
2174:Joss paper
2164:Hell money
2091:Myo shrine
1699:2023-04-08
1654:2023-04-07
1629:2023-04-07
1604:2023-04-07
1579:2023-04-07
1551:2023-04-01
1442:2024-02-06
1352:2023-04-07
1324:2023-04-09
1298:References
1249:Okuninushi
1138:A doorway
962:Sheung Wan
937:See also:
892:Wish trees
751:See also:
643:Dabogong (
395:tou2 gung1
126:Tǔ dì gōng
18:Tu Di Gong
2108:Ci shrine
2059:Buildings
2035:Confucius
1997:Taiseikyo
1840:Feng Shan
1502:: 97–113.
1144:Hong Kong
1110:(locally
933:Festivals
873:City Gods
798:sociology
784:socialism
747:Etymology
697:Tudijun (
566:City Gods
562:Shan Shen
554:Tudigongs
527:City Gods
495:They are
419:Thó͘-kong
307:tou2 dei6
61:Hong Kong
2317:City God
2312:Tudigong
2277:Shennong
2118:Yin miao
1982:Shengdao
1879:Concepts
1860:Marriage
1238:Men Shen
1227:Fengshui
1211:Cai Shen
1200:See also
1124:Malaysia
1056:Quanzhou
898:Variants
851:Gonggong
840:Gou Long
634:Tudiye (
625:Tugong (
600:Tudishen
582:Tudigong
544:alderman
509:Buddhism
497:tutelary
472:Tudigong
442:Thổ Công
389:Jyutping
381:tóu gūng
301:Jyutping
293:tóu deih
172:Jyutping
40:Tudigong
2287:Zhurong
2248:Zhuanxu
2236:Shaohao
2216:Shangdi
2204:Deities
2147:Objects
2096:Jongmyo
2012:Onmyōdō
1936:Tianxia
1850:Guan Li
1816:Rituals
1291:Zao Jun
1254:Ông Địa
1160:Pattaya
1120:Sarawak
1041:Gallery
952:Temples
855:Zhuanxu
834:History
773:Sheshen
767:Sheshen
675:Sheshen
586:Chinese
501:deities
476:Chinese
450:Chữ Hán
410:Hokkien
360:Tǔ gōng
324:Chinese
236:Chinese
210:Hokkien
74:Chinese
2253:Xuanwu
2101:Munmyo
2023:People
2002:Shusei
1524:
1516:
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1265:She Ji
1232:Hou Tu
1192:Taiwan
1080:Taiwan
1060:Fujian
909:Tǔdìpó
903:Tudipo
885:Tǔdìpó
796:) and
663:Tâi-lô
588::
517:Taoism
515:, and
478::
2265:Fu Xi
2183:Books
2040:Xunzi
1855:Ji Li
1347:基隆市政府
1287:(大伯公)
1114:) in
866:Houtu
847:]
714:土地或福神
576:Names
558:Sheji
550:Houtu
272:Tǔ dì
59:, in
2211:Tian
1823:Jesa
1746:2012
1522:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1386:ISBN
1293:(灶君)
1281:(天地)
1276:Tian
1267:(社稷)
1256:(翁地)
1240:(門神)
1234:(後土)
1213:(財神)
1116:Sibu
979:, a
788:社会主义
741:yeye
726:福德正神
608:Tudi
595:lit.
485:lit.
1520:or
914:土地婆
732:福德公
700:土帝君
646:大伯公
637:土地爺
604:土地神
590:土地公
480:土地公
413:POJ
213:POJ
186:IPA
134:IPA
2339::
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