946:
1158:
961:
1058:
1038:
1170:
1090:
1142:
1122:
40:
1078:
747:
906:"Grandmother of the Soil and the Ground"), placed next to them on the altar. They may be seen as just and benevolent deities on the same rank as their husbands, or as grudging old women holding back their husband's benedictions, which explains why one does not always receive fair retribution for good behavior.
909:
Another story says that Tudipo is supposed to be a young lady. After
Tudigong received a heavenly rank, he gave everything that the people asked for. When one of the Deities went down to Earth to do inspections, he saw that Tudigong was distributing blessings unnecessarily. Soon after that, the Deity
917:
After the Jade
Emperor knew this, he found out that there was a lady that was going to be killed, but she was not guilty. Thus, the Jade Emperor told a Deity to go down to Earth and bring the lady to heaven. When the lady was brought to the Celestial Palace, the Jade Emperor bestowed her to Tudigong
994:
Many temples house small shrines with the image of
Tudigong, commonly located under the main altar, or below the house door. Many worshippers supplicate with the intention of gaining wealth or maintaining their physical health. They are also traditionally worshipped before the burial of deceased
853:("City Gods") became more prominent in China, land worship had a hierarchy of deities conforming strictly to social structure, in which the emperor, kings, dukes, officials, and common people were allowed to worship only the land gods within their command; the highest land deity was the
932:
In Taiwan, festivals dedicated to
Tudigong typically take place on the second day of the second month and the 15th day of the eighth month on the Chinese lunar calendar. The second day of the second month is said to be Tudigong's birthday. Today these deities are associated with
918:
as his wife. She was ordered to look after how many blessings
Tudigong distributes and that they not be unnecessarily distributed. This is why many people do not want to pay respect to Tudipo, because they are afraid that she will not let Tudigong give much wealth to them.
945:
1157:
1121:
1057:
1169:
1089:
1480:
511:
The definitive characteristic of
Tudigongs is that they are limited to their specific geographical locations. The Tudigong of one location is not the Tudigong of another location
481:
of a specific location. There are several
Tudigongs corresponding to different geographical locations and sometimes multiple ones will be venerated together in certain regions.
872:
of the Ming dynasty was born in a
Tudigong shrine. The image of a Tudigong is that of a simply clothed, smiling, white-bearded man. His wife, the Grandmother of the Village,
1788:
1037:
1632:
1557:
1718:
1607:
1582:
1141:
960:
796:
However, originally the character 社 meant soil, and had a connotation of divinity; see the diagram on the right for more info on its relationship with the
1756:
Wen-yu Chang & Wei-ping Lin, “A Fairy-like Woman, Taiwanese
Businessmen, and Temple Managers: A New Age Temple of Earth God in Xiamen” (in Chinese),
2376:
1077:
2351:
1904:
1514:
1448:
658:) is used extensively as a replacement of Tudigong by the Chinese population across South East Asia, although they refer to the same deity.
802:
The character 社 alone historically referred to such deities. It is a combination of deity (示) and soil (土), meaning "god of the land"
528:
When people move from one location to another, they will say goodbye to their local
Tudigong and worship the one of the new location
1506:
1404:
1378:
1657:
2059:
1194:
525:
Often, a specific person who did a great service to their local community will be seen as becoming a Tudigong after their death.
1774:
980:
are called 土地神屋 or Tudigong House, representing a link between the concept and the concept of a Tudigong temple dedicated to a
2366:
363:
275:
146:
1705:
Religion in Chinese Society : A Study of Contemporary Social Functions of Religion and Some of Their Historical Factors
1373:
The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. Religions & Beliefs, edited by Prof. Dr M. Kamal Hassan & Dr. Ghazali bin Basri.
681:
This word may be confusing as 社 is often used to refer to society or shrines, but the original etymology was linked to soil.
1726:
1781:
574:
464:
2178:
1914:
1899:
1848:
969:
1636:
1561:
1611:
1586:
489:
864:, the Tudigongs have been very popular among villagers as the grassroot deities since the 14th century during the
2356:
2346:
1889:
1501:
Keith G. Stevens, Chinese Mythological Gods, Oxford University Press, USA, (November 8, 2001), pages 60, 68, 70,
1096:
2361:
45:
1018:
868:. Some scholars speculate that this change came because of an imperial edict, because it is reported that the
1833:
1701:
2371:
1853:
1797:
1985:
2336:
2331:
2124:
2069:
1955:
1909:
1858:
1205:
493:
39:
1530:
2157:
1267:
1023:
813:
741:
2341:
2054:
2028:
1816:
1006:
424:
401:
201:
1452:
1425:
797:
182:
174:
2183:
1975:
1960:
1884:
1510:
1502:
1400:
1374:
1248:
1210:
988:
828:
130:
122:
1821:
1242:
771:
The character 社 is now primarily associated with Society, being present in such compounds as
2305:
2119:
2114:
2064:
1980:
1950:
1879:
1843:
1331:
1232:
1176:
861:
850:
554:
515:
497:
335:
312:
247:
224:
101:
62:
17:
2147:
2084:
1929:
1874:
965:
765:
1661:
438:
2295:
2214:
2209:
2038:
2018:
1995:
1934:
999:
981:
869:
806:
709:
546:
485:
478:
2325:
2270:
2142:
1990:
1919:
1469:, eds. Gearóid Ó Tuathail, Simon Dalby, and Paul Routledge (London: Routledge, 1998).
1259:
1128:
977:
558:
519:
2000:
2310:
2241:
1965:
1894:
1273:
1064:
934:
927:
911:
865:
790:
647:
501:
391:
342:
254:
191:
108:
651:
1390:
1388:
1386:
2260:
2231:
2219:
2101:
2074:
2033:
746:
445:
2162:
2152:
2079:
1237:
957:
Tudigong temples are common across China, Tibet, Taiwan, Macau and Hong Kong.
950:
1303:
1009:, many Tudigong shrines were destroyed. However, many were recently rebuilt.
833:
2096:
2023:
1828:
1132:
995:
persons to thank him for using his land to return their bodies to the earth
880:
786:
772:
356:
268:
139:
49:
1707:(1967 ). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. page 97
2265:
2106:
1970:
1766:
1678:
1226:
1215:
1199:
1112:
1044:
839:
550:
532:
514:
They are considered to be among the lowest ranked divinities, just below
377:
289:
160:
531:
The deities are considered to have a kind of appointed position like an
2275:
2236:
2224:
2204:
1924:
1838:
1633:"social media | translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1279:
1148:
1108:
843:
809:(shèjì, 社稷), with both sometimes being personified as husband and wife
755:
663:
398:
198:
75:
72:
69:
2248:
2089:
1220:
1180:
1068:
1048:
991:
has two Tudigong temples next to each other for different Tudigongs.
505:
1465:
Shiv Visvanathan, “Mrs Brundtland’s Disenchanted Cosmos” (1991) in
2253:
1608:"sociology translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1583:"socialism translate to Traditional Chinese: Cambridge Dictionary"
1253:
959:
944:
854:
745:
538:
732:), which reflects the close relationship with the common people.
2199:
1811:
1264:
1104:
1770:
754:
Tudigongs are believed to have originally developed out of the
23:
Guardian or patron deity of a locality in Chinese folk religion
1399:. San Francisco: China Books & Periodicals. p. 125.
819:
Sacrifices to Sheshen transitioned to sacrifices to Tudigong
750:
Etymology of Sheshen. Both characters are religious in nature
535:, with different deities being appointed to different areas.
406:
206:
1083:
A small altar for Tudi, part of a Chinese tomb, Indonesia.
728:
Commoners often call their local Tudigong "grandfather" (
492:
of locations and the human communities who inhabit it in
382:
368:
294:
280:
179:
165:
151:
1175:
A large statue of a Tudigong at the Hongludi Temple in
603:; 'land', ' soil') and translated as
347:
259:
127:
113:
896:
In the countryside, they are sometimes given wives,
2288:
2192:
2171:
2135:
2047:
2011:
1943:
1867:
1804:
1558:"社 Chinese English dictionary 社 translate 社 pinyin"
1531:"Sheshen 社神, Local Deities (www.chinaknowledge.de)"
1002:of the Ming dynasty was born in a Tudigong shrine.
964:A shrine to a Tudigong within the entrance gate of
595:; 'God of the Land'), also known simply as
437:
423:
418:
397:
390:
376:
362:
355:
341:
334:
329:
311:
306:
288:
274:
267:
253:
246:
241:
223:
218:
197:
190:
173:
159:
145:
138:
121:
107:
100:
95:
83:
61:
56:
28:
879:In later generations, they became associated with
508:. They are portrayed as old men with long beards.
910:went to the Celestial Palace and reported to the
718:"Right God of Blessing and Virtue") or Fudegong (
477:'Lord of the Land') is a kind of Chinese
443:
429:
1397:Mooncakes and Hungry Ghosts: Festivals of China
1163:A roadside shrine to Tudigong in Miaoli, Taiwan
1725:. Council for Cultural Affairs. Archived from
849:Tudigongs developed from land worship. Before
569:Tudigongs go by a variety of names, including
1782:
1449:"首頁 > 宗教知識+ > 宗教神祇 > 土地公(Tudi gong)"
901:
719:
713:
701:
687:
673:
667:
639:
633:
624:
615:
317:
229:
67:
8:
582:
472:
1789:
1775:
1767:
842:who was appointed as a god of the soil by
326:
238:
92:
38:
1135:. It invokes Tudigong to bring blessings.
1304:"Tudi Gong | Chinese deity | Britannica"
1905:Interactions Between Heaven and Mankind
1758:Journal of Archaeology and Anthropology
1426:"tudigong, god of the land, Manray Hsu"
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1292:
1033:
44:A shrine to a local Tudigong along the
181:
129:
25:
1673:
1671:
1552:
1550:
1524:
1522:
7:
1679:"Sheji | Chinese deity | Britannica"
1443:
1441:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1325:
1323:
1298:
1296:
696:Extended titles of the god include:
1479:Hall, Christopher A. (2009-01-01).
764:(社神), also known as Tudigongs, are
1147:A small altar in a private house,
14:
1485:Southeast Review of Asian Studies
518:("God of Local City"), and above
2060:Confucian royal ancestral shrine
1332:"Nuannuan Twins Tudigong Temple"
1195:Agriculture in Chinese mythology
1168:
1156:
1140:
1120:
1088:
1076:
1056:
1036:
610:Other names of the god include:
2377:East Asian traditional religion
1658:"Meaning of Chinese characters"
876:, looks like a normal old lady
827:The earliest known sheshen was
724:"Lord of Blessing and Virtue").
672:"God of the Soil") or Shegong (
638:"Great Elder Lord") or Bogong (
587:'Lord of the Land') or
407:
383:
369:
307:Second alternative Chinese name
295:
281:
207:
180:
166:
152:
2352:Journey to the West characters
1063:A temple dedicated to Fude in
781:
720:
706:"God who May Bless the Soil");
634:
625:
616:
600:
592:
578:
468:
444:
348:
318:
260:
230:
128:
114:
68:
1:
2179:Four Books and Five Classics
1915:Ancestor veneration in China
1900:Unity of Heaven and humanity
1635:. 2022-05-04. Archived from
1610:. 2015-07-20. Archived from
1585:. 2016-02-29. Archived from
1560:. 2022-10-14. Archived from
805:Sheshen are associated with
1747:参见《〈辞海〉1999年索引本（音序）》第1480页。
812:Tudigong means Tu (earth),
768:associated with the soil.
557:("God of Local City"), and
541:is the overlord of all the
2393:
1395:Stepanchuk, Carol (1991).
925:
816:, Gong (grandfather/duke)
739:
488:(i.e. guardian or patron)
15:
1890:Confucian ritual religion
1131:dedicated to Tudigong in
902:
776:
714:
702:
692:"Ruler God of the Soil").
688:
674:
668:
640:
453:
325:
237:
91:
37:
33:
1717:Cheng, Shuiping (2011).
998:It is reported that the
857:("Queen of the Earth").
545:("Lord of Local Land"),
219:Alternative Chinese name
208:Thó-tī-kong/Thó͘-tī-kong
46:Ping Shan Heritage Trail
16:Not to be confused with
1834:Ritual and music system
793:(社群媒體, Shè qún méitǐ).
1798:Religious Confucianism
1723:Encyclopedia of Taiwan
1467:The Geopolitics Reader
973:
954:
789:(社会学, Shèhuì xué) and
751:
629:"Soil-Ground Father");
553:("God of Mountains"),
430:
2367:Chinese folk religion
2125:Temple of Agriculture
2070:Religious goods store
1956:Holy Confucian Church
1910:Chinese folk religion
1859:Worship of the living
1535:www.chinaknowledge.de
1481:"Tudi Gong in Taiwan"
1206:Chinese folk religion
1043:A Tudigong temple in
1019:Checheng Fu'an Temple
987:A notable example in
963:
949:A Tudigong Temple in
948:
749:
678:"Lord of the Soil");
494:Chinese folk religion
2158:Confucian coin charm
1330:基隆市政府 (2020-08-26).
1024:Zhushan Zinan Temple
742:Di (Chinese concept)
620:"Lord of the Soil");
2055:Temple of Confucius
1817:Sacrifice to Heaven
1007:cultural revolution
425:Vietnamese alphabet
1683:www.britannica.com
1529:Theobald, Ulrich.
1308:www.britannica.com
1097:Temple of Dabogong
974:
955:
798:Oracle bone script
752:
2319:
2318:
2249:Bluegreen Emperor
2184:Thirteen Classics
1976:Confucian Academy
1961:Xuanyuan teaching
1885:Mandate of Heaven
1760:82 (2015): 27–60.
1515:978-0-19-591990-5
1455:on July 29, 2016.
1249:Religion in China
1211:Chinese mythology
989:Nuannuan District
605:Lord of the Earth
585:
475:
457:
456:
414:
413:
364:Yale Romanization
336:Standard Mandarin
302:
301:
276:Yale Romanization
248:Standard Mandarin
214:
213:
147:Yale Romanization
102:Standard Mandarin
2384:
2357:Regional deities
2347:Tutelary deities
2289:Tutelary deities
2120:Beijing Shejitan
2115:Temple of Heaven
2111:Beijing Temples
2065:Ancestral shrine
1981:Confucian Shinto
1951:Confucian church
1880:Chinese theology
1791:
1784:
1777:
1768:
1761:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1714:
1708:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1675:
1666:
1665:
1660:. Archived from
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1569:
1554:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1526:
1517:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1451:. Archived from
1445:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1411:
1410:
1392:
1381:
1371:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1327:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1300:
1233:Nisse (folklore)
1177:Zhonghe District
1172:
1160:
1144:
1124:
1092:
1080:
1060:
1040:
1013:Existing Temples
905:
904:
837:
783:
778:
758:belief system
723:
722:
717:
716:
705:
704:
691:
690:
677:
676:
671:
670:
643:
642:
637:
636:
628:
627:
619:
618:
602:
594:
586:
583:
580:
476:
473:
470:
449:
448:
433:
410:
409:
386:
385:
372:
371:
351:
350:
327:
321:
320:
298:
297:
284:
283:
263:
262:
239:
233:
232:
210:
209:
186:
185:
184:
169:
168:
155:
154:
134:
133:
132:
117:
116:
93:
87:Lord of the Land
79:
78:
42:
26:
18:City God (China)
2392:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2362:Chthonic beings
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2284:
2188:
2167:
2148:Tiangong censer
2131:
2043:
2007:
1939:
1930:Yan Huang Zisun
1875:Shendao shejiao
1863:
1800:
1795:
1765:
1764:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1732:
1730:
1729:on 20 July 2012
1716:
1715:
1711:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1656:
1655:
1651:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1617:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1567:
1565:
1556:
1555:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1496:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1460:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1423:
1414:
1407:
1394:
1393:
1384:
1372:
1349:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1289:
1191:
1184:
1173:
1164:
1161:
1152:
1145:
1136:
1125:
1116:
1093:
1084:
1081:
1072:
1061:
1052:
1041:
1032:
1015:
966:Tai Wai Village
943:
930:
924:
894:
889:
860:Ranked beneath
831:
825:
766:Chinese deities
744:
738:
700:Tudihuofushen (
644:"Elder Lord");
567:
549:("the State"),
419:Vietnamese name
167:tou2 dei6 gung1
84:Literal meaning
52:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2390:
2388:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2296:Landlord deity
2292:
2290:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2215:Yellow Emperor
2210:Wufang Shangdi
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2087:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2051:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2039:Yamazaki Ansai
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2019:Yellow Emperor
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1935:Soil and grain
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1854:Ghost marriage
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1749:
1740:
1709:
1694:
1667:
1664:on 2013-09-15.
1649:
1624:
1599:
1574:
1546:
1518:
1494:
1471:
1458:
1437:
1412:
1405:
1382:
1347:
1319:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1257:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1126:
1119:
1117:
1094:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1062:
1055:
1053:
1042:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1011:
1000:Hongwu Emperor
984:or a Tudigong
982:landlord deity
970:walled village
942:
939:
923:
920:
893:
890:
888:
885:
870:Hongwu Emperor
851:Chenghuangshen
824:
821:
807:soil and grain
737:
734:
726:
725:
707:
694:
693:
684:
683:
682:
661:
660:
659:
630:
621:
566:
563:
479:tutelary deity
455:
454:
451:
450:
441:
435:
434:
427:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
404:
395:
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388:
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374:
373:
366:
360:
359:
357:Yue: Cantonese
353:
352:
345:
339:
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332:
331:
330:Transcriptions
323:
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315:
309:
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304:
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286:
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278:
272:
271:
269:Yue: Cantonese
265:
264:
257:
251:
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244:
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242:Transcriptions
235:
234:
227:
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216:
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212:
211:
204:
195:
194:
188:
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177:
171:
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149:
143:
142:
140:Yue: Cantonese
136:
135:
125:
119:
118:
111:
105:
104:
98:
97:
96:Transcriptions
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
65:
59:
58:
54:
53:
43:
35:
34:
31:
30:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2389:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:Earth deities
2370:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
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2329:
2327:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2271:Flame Emperor
2269:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2232:Black Emperor
2230:
2226:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2220:White Emperor
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2143:Spirit tablet
2141:
2140:
2138:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2082:
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2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:Organizations
1942:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Son of Heaven
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
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1881:
1878:
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1873:
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1810:
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1799:
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1773:
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1769:
1759:
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1744:
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1728:
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1713:
1710:
1706:
1703:
1698:
1695:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1639:on 2022-05-04
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1614:on 2015-07-20
1613:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1589:on 2016-02-29
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1564:on 2022-10-14
1563:
1559:
1553:
1551:
1547:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1507:0-19-591990-4
1504:
1498:
1495:
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1482:
1475:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1444:
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1427:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1406:0-8351-2481-9
1402:
1398:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1380:
1379:981-3018-51-8
1376:
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1337:
1333:
1326:
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1309:
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1299:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Spirit tablet
1258:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1178:
1171:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:spirit tablet
1123:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1095:Tower of the
1091:
1086:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
996:
992:
990:
985:
983:
979:
978:Spirit houses
972:of Hong Kong.
971:
967:
962:
958:
952:
947:
940:
938:
936:
929:
921:
919:
915:
913:
907:
899:
891:
886:
884:
882:
877:
875:
871:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
835:
830:
822:
820:
817:
815:
810:
808:
803:
800:
799:
794:
792:
788:
784:
774:
769:
767:
763:
759:
757:
748:
743:
735:
733:
731:
711:
710:Fudezhengshen
708:
699:
698:
697:
685:
680:
679:
665:
662:
657:
653:
649:
646:
645:
631:
622:
613:
612:
611:
608:
606:
598:
590:
576:
572:
564:
562:
560:
559:landlord gods
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
534:
529:
526:
523:
521:
520:landlord gods
517:
512:
509:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
466:
462:
452:
447:
442:
440:
436:
432:
428:
426:
422:
417:
405:
403:
400:
396:
393:
389:
381:
379:
375:
367:
365:
361:
358:
354:
346:
344:
340:
337:
333:
328:
324:
316:
314:
310:
305:
293:
291:
287:
279:
277:
273:
270:
266:
258:
256:
252:
249:
245:
240:
236:
228:
226:
222:
217:
205:
203:
200:
196:
193:
189:
183:
178:
176:
172:
164:
162:
158:
153:tóu deih gūng
150:
148:
144:
141:
137:
131:
126:
124:
120:
112:
110:
106:
103:
99:
94:
90:
86:
82:
77:
74:
71:
66:
64:
60:
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
32:
27:
19:
2337:Fortune gods
2332:Chinese gods
2311:Mountain God
2300:
1996:Suika Shinto
1966:Taigu school
1895:Filial piety
1822:Festival Huế
1757:
1752:
1743:
1731:. Retrieved
1727:the original
1722:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1686:. Retrieved
1682:
1662:the original
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1627:
1616:. Retrieved
1612:the original
1602:
1591:. Retrieved
1587:the original
1577:
1566:. Retrieved
1562:the original
1538:. Retrieved
1534:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1453:the original
1429:. Retrieved
1396:
1339:. Retrieved
1335:
1311:. Retrieved
1307:
1274:Tua Pek Kong
1101:Tua Pek Kong
1100:
1065:Wujie, Yilan
1004:
997:
993:
986:
976:In Chinese,
975:
956:
953:, Hong Kong.
935:Ritual opera
931:
928:Ritual opera
916:
912:Jade Emperor
908:
897:
895:
878:
873:
866:Ming dynasty
859:
848:
826:
818:
811:
804:
801:
795:
791:social media
782:Shèhuì zhǔyì
780:
770:
761:
760:
753:
729:
727:
695:
656:Tuā-peh-kong
655:
648:Tua Pek Kong
609:
604:
596:
588:
570:
568:
542:
537:
530:
527:
524:
513:
510:
502:Confucianism
483:
460:
458:
392:Southern Min
343:Hanyu Pinyin
255:Hanyu Pinyin
192:Southern Min
109:Hanyu Pinyin
57:Chinese name
2261:Red Emperor
2102:Miao shrine
2075:Hero shrine
2034:Kang Youwei
1733:24 February
1719:"Earth God"
1702:Yang, C. K.
1151:, Thailand.
1005:During the
838:, a son of
832: [
561:worldwide.
2342:Earth gods
2326:Categories
2163:Joss paper
2153:Hell money
2080:Myo shrine
1688:2023-04-08
1643:2023-04-07
1618:2023-04-07
1593:2023-04-07
1568:2023-04-07
1540:2023-04-01
1431:2024-02-06
1341:2023-04-07
1313:2023-04-09
1287:References
1238:Okuninushi
1127:A doorway
951:Sheung Wan
926:See also:
881:Wish trees
740:See also:
632:Dabogong (
384:tou2 gung1
115:Tǔ dì gōng
2097:Ci shrine
2048:Buildings
2024:Confucius
1986:Taiseikyo
1829:Feng Shan
1491:: 97–113.
1133:Hong Kong
1099:(locally
922:Festivals
862:City Gods
787:sociology
773:socialism
736:Etymology
686:Tudijun (
555:City Gods
551:Shan Shen
543:Tudigongs
516:City Gods
484:They are
408:Thó͘-kong
296:tou2 dei6
50:Hong Kong
2306:City God
2301:Tudigong
2266:Shennong
2107:Yin miao
1971:Shengdao
1868:Concepts
1849:Marriage
1227:Men Shen
1216:Fengshui
1200:Cai Shen
1189:See also
1113:Malaysia
1045:Quanzhou
887:Variants
840:Gonggong
829:Gou Long
623:Tudiye (
614:Tugong (
589:Tudishen
571:Tudigong
533:alderman
498:Buddhism
486:tutelary
461:Tudigong
431:Thổ Công
378:Jyutping
370:tóu gūng
290:Jyutping
282:tóu deih
161:Jyutping
29:Tudigong
2276:Zhurong
2237:Zhuanxu
2225:Shaohao
2205:Shangdi
2193:Deities
2136:Objects
2085:Jongmyo
2001:Onmyōdō
1925:Tianxia
1839:Guan Li
1805:Rituals
1280:Zao Jun
1243:Ông Địa
1149:Pattaya
1109:Sarawak
1030:Gallery
941:Temples
844:Zhuanxu
823:History
762:Sheshen
756:Sheshen
664:Sheshen
575:Chinese
490:deities
465:Chinese
439:Chữ Hán
399:Hokkien
349:Tǔ gōng
313:Chinese
225:Chinese
199:Hokkien
63:Chinese
2242:Xuanwu
2090:Munmyo
2012:People
1991:Shusei
1513:
1505:
1403:
1377:
1254:She Ji
1221:Hou Tu
1181:Taiwan
1069:Taiwan
1049:Fujian
898:Tǔdìpó
892:Tudipo
874:Tǔdìpó
785:) and
652:Tâi-lô
577::
506:Taoism
504:, and
467::
2254:Fu Xi
2172:Books
2029:Xunzi
1844:Ji Li
1336:基隆市政府
1276:(大伯公)
1103:) in
855:Houtu
836:]
703:土地或福神
565:Names
547:Sheji
539:Houtu
261:Tǔ dì
48:, in
2200:Tian
1812:Jesa
1735:2012
1511:ISBN
1503:ISBN
1401:ISBN
1375:ISBN
1282:(灶君)
1270:(天地)
1265:Tian
1256:(社稷)
1245:(翁地)
1229:(門神)
1223:(後土)
1202:(財神)
1105:Sibu
968:, a
777:社会主义
730:yeye
715:福德正神
597:Tudi
584:lit.
474:lit.
1509:or
903:土地婆
721:福德公
689:土帝君
635:大伯公
626:土地爺
593:土地神
579:土地公
469:土地公
402:POJ
202:POJ
175:IPA
123:IPA
2328::
1721:.
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