Knowledge (XXG)

66: 41: 184: 282: 226:, meaning "tube". It refers to the bat's lower lip, which extends 3.3–4.8 mm beyond the upper lip and is rolled into a funnel shape. The exact function of the tube-lip is unknown. 3887: 3993: 3939: 3861: 535: 3900: 3386: 210:. It was described in 2005. It has a remarkably long tongue, which it uses to drink nectar. It additionally consumes pollen and insects. 4003: 3545: 3515: 379: 3554: 1242: 3926: 3684: 3675: 3563: 3497: 3488: 3470: 3411: 3402: 2967: 2331: 1302: 4013: 3461: 2161: 3905: 2897: 2313: 1883: 709: 3666: 3479: 2924: 2211: 2116: 1842: 1127: 805: 3506: 3452: 3145: 2985: 2152: 1737: 1317: 1278: 1260: 763: 528: 3998: 3427: 3218: 2745: 2575: 1971: 1667: 3726: 3693: 3657: 3186: 3163: 2046: 1989: 1926: 1158: 3944: 3717: 2691: 2425: 2304: 2134: 2125: 1980: 1917: 1420: 1118: 1109: 754: 745: 653: 307: 238:(8.5 cm) relative to its body size of any mammal. Its tongue is 150% the size of its overall body length. By 3173: 2709: 1944: 1874: 1809: 1580: 1556: 1378: 1091: 727: 488: 3735: 3234: 3136: 3033: 2682: 2322: 1818: 1642: 1269: 1200: 907: 883: 65: 2848: 1998: 1605: 1066: 399: 3180: 3275: 3266: 3120: 2976: 2933: 2915: 2839: 2623: 2521: 2512: 2416: 2340: 2202: 2143: 1623: 1411: 1336: 1223: 1176: 1167: 521: 3244: 3788: 3759: 3257: 3251: 3196: 3130: 3114: 2951: 2942: 2906: 2830: 2774: 2727: 2700: 2673: 2664: 2503: 2170: 1689: 1674: 1648: 1519: 1345: 814: 796: 718: 662: 2658: 3625: 3443: 3202: 3154: 2736: 2107: 1589: 1387: 1354: 1251: 772: 736: 160: 3826: 3612: 1076: 925: 620: 3848: 3619: 3596: 3437: 3212: 3089: 2494: 2443: 2407: 2355: 2083: 1962: 1953: 1599: 1468: 445: 239: 1781: 356: 3421: 3057: 2876: 2857: 2277: 2022: 1935: 1657: 1513: 1506: 1082: 977: 312: 30: 3525: 3009: 3000: 2866: 2754: 2718: 1632: 859: 469: 271: 60: 3892: 2768: 3965: 3835: 3532: 3228: 2798: 2235: 1680: 1614: 1060: 461: 404: 3970: 3918: 1713: 986: 953: 944: 453: 394: 351: 295: 4008: 3952: 3602: 3396: 3380: 3314: 2553: 2364: 634: 605: 513: 412: 449: 3539: 2961: 2789: 2462: 1833: 1791: 1769: 1537: 1459: 1215: 1191: 1137: 1018: 968: 581: 545: 247: 127: 45: 333: 3987: 3913: 3347: 1898: 1800: 1369: 1030: 342: 50: 183: 3840: 3104: 3024: 2477: 2259: 2074: 1728: 1571: 1486: 1435: 1293: 1149: 644: 473: 3931: 3874: 3820: 3708: 3323: 3299: 2453: 2287: 2037: 2013: 1547: 1496: 1402: 1233: 832: 787: 680: 615: 610: 380:"A New Species of Anoura (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from the Ecuadorian Andes" 289: 254:), and the tube-lipped nectar bat all have a tongue that is detached from their 3750: 3640: 3338: 3048: 2813: 2398: 2098: 1444: 587: 3811: 408: 3290: 2888: 2064: 1704: 935: 77: 465: 3957: 218: 3805: 3578: 3362: 3072: 2638: 2599: 2566: 2250: 2226: 1857: 898: 850: 690: 575: 569: 563: 557: 492: 436: 284: 243: 97: 3866: 2614: 2185: 874: 267: 259: 207: 3879: 2590: 1040: 496: 263: 235: 137: 107: 87: 3782: 457: 2379: 255: 3853: 3786: 2550: 1766: 1015: 600: 517: 203: 117: 400: 378: 3795: 3748: 3706: 3638: 3576: 3360: 3336: 3312: 3288: 3102: 3070: 3046: 3022: 2998: 2886: 2811: 2787: 2636: 2612: 2588: 2564: 2475: 2451: 2442: 2377: 2353: 2285: 2276: 2248: 2224: 2183: 2096: 2072: 2063: 2035: 2011: 1896: 1855: 1831: 1789: 1780: 1726: 1702: 1569: 1545: 1536: 1494: 1485: 1457: 1433: 1400: 1367: 1315: 1291: 1231: 1213: 1189: 1147: 1038: 1029: 966: 933: 924: 896: 872: 848: 831: 785: 688: 679: 642: 633: 357:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T136239A22001222.en 529: 8: 176:Muchhala, Mena-Valenzuela & Albuja, 2005 3783: 2561: 2547: 2448: 2282: 2069: 1786: 1777: 1763: 1542: 1491: 1035: 1026: 1012: 930: 845: 685: 639: 630: 597: 536: 522: 514: 182: 39: 20: 398: 355: 298:, is pollinated exclusively by this bat. 324: 3387:Aratathomas's yellow-shouldered bat ( 7: 3994:IUCN Red List data deficient species 343:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3685:Northern little yellow-eared bat ( 3676:Southern little yellow-eared bat ( 3498:Talamancan yellow-shouldered bat ( 3489:Mistratoan yellow-shouldered bat ( 489:"Bat found to have longest licker" 266:. This extension lies between the 14: 3546:Soriano's yellow-shouldered bat ( 3516:Tschudi's yellow-shouldered bat ( 3403:Bidentate yellow-shouldered bat ( 3555:Thomas's yellow-shouldered bat ( 3462:Highland yellow-shouldered bat ( 2162:White-throated round-eared bat ( 1243:Commissaris's long-tongued bat ( 64: 3564:Tilda's yellow-shouldered bat ( 3480:Greater yellow-shouldered bat ( 3471:Louis's yellow-shouldered bat ( 2212:Stripe-headed round-eared bat ( 1843:Yellow-throated big-eared bat ( 222:is derived from the Latin word 3507:Lesser yellow-shouldered bat ( 3453:Little yellow-shouldered bat ( 3412:Bogotá yellow-shouldered bat ( 3146:Short-headed broad-nosed bat ( 2968:Rosenberg's fruit-eating bat ( 2332:Marinkelle's sword-nosed bat ( 1303:Underwood's long-tongued bat ( 1: 3444:Choco yellow-shouldered bat ( 3428:Hairy yellow-shouldered bat ( 3219:White-lined broad-nosed bat ( 2898:Andersen's fruit-eating bat ( 2755:Schwartz's fruit-eating bat ( 2746:Flat-faced fruit-eating bat ( 2665:Anderson's fruit-eating bat ( 2576:Little white-shouldered bat ( 2314:Fernandez's sword-nosed bat ( 1972:White-bellied big-eared bat ( 1884:Waterhouse's leaf-nosed bat ( 710:Benkeith's short-tailed bat ( 294:, with its 80– to 90-mm-long 3718:Bidentate yellow-eared bat ( 3667:Melissa's yellow-eared bat ( 2925:Gervais's fruit-eating bat ( 2692:Fraternal fruit-eating bat ( 2117:Carriker's round-eared bat ( 1128:Luis Manuel's tailless bat ( 1119:Broad-toothed tailless bat ( 806:Fischer's little fruit bat ( 654:Antillean fruit-eating bat ( 2986:Thomas's fruit-eating bat ( 2719:Jamaican fruit-eating bat ( 2710:Honduran fruit-eating bat ( 2426:Koepcke's spear-nosed bat ( 2153:Schultz's round-eared bat ( 1875:California leaf-nosed bat ( 1738:Vieira's long-tongued bat ( 1557:Chestnut long-tongued bat ( 1379:Pale brown long-nosed bat ( 1279:Pallas's long-tongued bat ( 1261:Miller's long-tongued bat ( 764:Sowell's short-tailed bat ( 728:Chestnut short-tailed bat ( 4030: 3736:Striped yellow-eared bat ( 3727:Brock's yellow-eared bat ( 3694:Villa's yellow-eared bat ( 3658:Kalko's yellow-eared bat ( 3235:Matapalo broad-nosed bat ( 3187:Heller's broad-nosed bat ( 3164:Thomas's broad-nosed bat ( 3137:Eldorado broad-nosed bat ( 3034:Velvety fruit-eating bat ( 2683:Fringed fruit-eating bat ( 2323:Northern sword-nosed bat ( 2047:Niceforo's big-eared bat ( 1990:Schmidts's big-eared bat ( 1927:Giovanni's big-eared bat ( 1819:Tricolored big-eared bat ( 1658:Orcés's long-tongued bat ( 1590:Chocoan long-tongued bat ( 1270:Western long-tongued bat ( 1201:Mexican long-tongued bat ( 1159:Godman's long-tailed bat ( 908:Hairy-legged vampire bat ( 884:White-winged vampire bat ( 258:bones and extend past the 4004:Mammals described in 2005 3276:Greater broad-nosed bat ( 3267:Shadowy broad-nosed bat ( 3121:Slender broad-nosed bat ( 2977:Toltec fruit-eating bat ( 2934:Silver fruit-eating bat ( 2916:Bogotá fruit-eating bat ( 2840:Guadeloupe big-eyed bat ( 2624:Jamaican fig-eating bat ( 2560: 2546: 2522:Guianan spear-nosed bat ( 2513:Greater spear-nosed bat ( 2417:Striped hairy-nosed bat ( 2341:Orinoco sword-nosed bat ( 2305:Tomes's sword-nosed bat ( 2203:Greater round-eared bat ( 2144:Western round-eared bat ( 2135:Kalko's round-eared bat ( 2126:Davis's round-eared bat ( 1981:Sanborn's big-eared bat ( 1918:Brosset's big-eared bat ( 1776: 1762: 1421:Leach's single leaf bat ( 1412:Insular single leaf bat ( 1337:Southern long-nosed bat ( 1177:Greater long-tailed bat ( 1168:Lesser long-tongued bat ( 1110:Geoffroy's tailless bat ( 1025: 1011: 755:Seba's short-tailed bat ( 746:Mono's short-tailed bat ( 629: 596: 552: 544:Extant species of family 181: 166: 159: 61:Scientific classification 59: 37: 28: 23: 3760:Great stripe-faced bat ( 3370:(yellow-shouldered bats) 3258:Recife broad-nosed bat ( 2952:Pygmy fruit-eating bat ( 2943:Gnome fruit-eating bat ( 2907:Aztec fruit-eating bat ( 2831:Brazilian big-eyed bat ( 2775:Brown fruit-eating bat ( 2728:Great fruit-eating bat ( 2701:Hairy fruit-eating bat ( 2674:Large fruit-eating bat ( 2646:(Neotropical fruit bats) 2504:Lesser spear-nosed bat ( 2171:Yasuni round-eared bat ( 1945:Matses's big-eared bat ( 1810:Davies's big-eared bat ( 1581:Bokermann's nectar bat ( 1346:Greater long-nosed bat ( 1101:Tube-lipped nectar bat ( 1092:Handley's tailless bat ( 815:Dwarf little fruit bat ( 797:Hairy little fruit bat ( 719:Silky short-tailed bat ( 663:Cuban fruit-eating bat ( 234:The bat has the longest 24:Tube-lipped nectar bat. 3626:Brown tent-making bat ( 3203:Buffy broad-nosed bat ( 3155:Choco broad-nosed bat ( 2849:Salvin's big-eyed bat ( 2737:Dark fruit-eating bat ( 2108:Pygmy round-eared bat ( 1999:Yates's big-eared bat ( 1606:Dekeyser's nectar bat ( 1388:Dark long-tongued bat ( 1355:Lesser long-nosed bat ( 1252:Gray long-tongued bat ( 1067:Cadena's tailless bat ( 773:Gray short-tailed bat ( 737:Manu short-tailed bat ( 308:Geoffroy's tailless bat 252:Myrmecophaga tridactyla 3090:Cuban fig-eating bat ( 2495:Pale spear-nosed bat ( 2408:Cozumelan golden bat ( 2084:Big-eared woolly bat ( 1963:Common big-eared bat ( 1954:Little big-eared bat ( 1624:Handley's nectar bat ( 1469:Ega long-tongued bat ( 350:: e.T136239A22001222. 214:Taxonomy and etymology 194:tube-lipped nectar bat 4014:Bats of South America 3080:(Falcate-winged bats) 2858:Little big-eyed bat ( 2023:Least big-eared bat ( 1936:Hairy big-eared bat ( 1690:Thomas's nectar bat ( 1649:Godman's nectar bat ( 1520:Thomas's nectar bat ( 1083:Tailed tailless bat ( 978:Jamaican flower bat ( 3586:(Tent-building bats) 3010:Honduran white bat ( 2867:Hairy big-eyed bat ( 1633:Western nectar bat ( 860:Common vampire bat ( 387:Journal of Mammalogy 240:convergent evolution 3648:(yellow-eared bats) 2799:Wrinkle-faced bat ( 2387:(Gray's Spear-nosed 2236:Fringe-lipped bat ( 1681:Orange nectar bat ( 1615:Arched nectar bat ( 499:on November 9, 2013 450:2006Natur.444..701M 332:Solari, S. (2018). 313:Tailed tailless bat 278:Biology and ecology 31:Conservation status 3999:Mammals of Ecuador 3058:MacConnell's bat ( 2485:(spear-nosed bats) 2295:(sword-nosed bats) 2193:(round-eared bats) 1714:Long-snouted bat ( 987:Cuban flower bat ( 954:Buffy flower bat ( 945:Brown flower bat ( 3981: 3980: 3966:Open Tree of Life 3789:Taxon identifiers 3780: 3779: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3651: 3603:Tent-making bat ( 3589: 3373: 3148:P. brachycephalus 3123:P. angustirostris 3083: 2824: 2649: 2542: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2488: 2438: 2437: 2392: 2365:Long-legged bat ( 2298: 2272: 2271: 2196: 2059: 2058: 1911: 1906:(Little Big-eared 1868: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1749: 1668:L. orienticollina 1532: 1531: 1481: 1480: 1330: 1053: 1007: 1006: 1003: 1002: 999: 998: 920: 919: 842: 827: 826: 748:C. monohernandezi 703: 675: 674: 190: 189: 152:A. fistulata 54: 4021: 3974: 3973: 3961: 3960: 3948: 3947: 3935: 3934: 3922: 3921: 3909: 3908: 3896: 3895: 3883: 3882: 3870: 3869: 3857: 3856: 3844: 3843: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3827:Anoura fistulata 3816: 3815: 3814: 3797:Anoura fistulata 3784: 3650: 3649: 3645: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3372: 3371: 3367: 3082: 3081: 3077: 2823: 2822: 2818: 2667:A. aequatorialis 2648: 2647: 2643: 2562: 2548: 2487: 2486: 2482: 2463:Pale-faced bat ( 2449: 2391: 2390: 2384: 2297: 2296: 2292: 2283: 2195: 2194: 2190: 2070: 1910: 1909: 1903: 1867: 1866: 1865:(big-eared bats) 1862: 1787: 1778: 1764: 1543: 1492: 1329: 1328: 1327:long-nosed bats) 1322: 1052: 1051: 1050:long-nosed bats) 1045: 1036: 1027: 1013: 931: 926:Phyllonycterinae 846: 841: 840: 836: 757:C. perspicillata 702: 701: 700:leaf-nosed bats) 695: 686: 640: 631: 621:Phyllonycterinae 598: 538: 531: 524: 515: 508: 507: 505: 504: 495:. Archived from 487:Bryner, Jeanna. 484: 478: 477: 433: 427: 426: 424: 423: 417: 411:. Archived from 402: 384: 375: 369: 368: 366: 364: 359: 336:Anoura fistulata 329: 199:Anoura fistulata 186: 172: 170:Anoura fistulata 69: 68: 48: 43: 42: 21: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4023: 4022: 4020: 4019: 4018: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3977: 3969: 3964: 3956: 3953:Observation.org 3951: 3943: 3938: 3930: 3925: 3917: 3912: 3904: 3899: 3891: 3886: 3878: 3873: 3865: 3860: 3852: 3847: 3839: 3834: 3825: 3824: 3819: 3810: 3809: 3804: 3791: 3781: 3768: 3744: 3702: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3634: 3628:U. magnirostrum 3585: 3584: 3582: 3572: 3491:S. mistratensis 3446:S. koopmanhilli 3389:S. aratathomasi 3369: 3368: 3366: 3356: 3348:Red fruit bat ( 3332: 3315:Sphaeronycteris 3308: 3284: 3237:P. matapalensis 3174:P. fusciventris 3098: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3066: 3042: 3018: 2994: 2882: 2821:(big-eyed bats) 2820: 2819: 2817: 2807: 2783: 2748:A. planirostris 2645: 2644: 2642: 2632: 2608: 2584: 2556: 2554:Stenodermatinae 2530: 2484: 2483: 2481: 2471: 2444:Phyllostomatini 2434: 2388: 2386: 2385: 2383: 2373: 2367:M. macrophyllum 2349: 2294: 2293: 2291: 2268: 2244: 2220: 2192: 2191: 2189: 2179: 2146:L. occidentalis 2092: 2055: 2031: 2007: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1892: 1877:M. californicus 1864: 1863: 1861: 1851: 1827: 1772: 1746: 1722: 1698: 1565: 1528: 1477: 1453: 1429: 1396: 1363: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1321: 1311: 1287: 1263:G. longirostris 1245:G. commissarisi 1227: 1209: 1185: 1143: 1049: 1047: 1046: 1044: 1021: 995: 962: 916: 892: 868: 838: 837: 835: 823: 781: 699: 697: 696: 694: 671: 635:Brachyphyllinae 625: 606:Brachyphyllinae 592: 548: 542: 512: 511: 502: 500: 486: 485: 481: 458:10.1038/444701a 444:(7120): 701–2. 435: 434: 430: 421: 419: 415: 382: 377: 376: 372: 362: 360: 331: 330: 326: 321: 304: 280: 232: 216: 177: 174: 168: 155: 63: 55: 44: 40: 33: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4027: 4025: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3986: 3985: 3979: 3978: 3976: 3975: 3962: 3949: 3936: 3923: 3910: 3897: 3884: 3871: 3858: 3845: 3832: 3817: 3801: 3799: 3793: 3792: 3787: 3778: 3777: 3774: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3766: 3756: 3754: 3746: 3745: 3743: 3742: 3733: 3724: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3700: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3664: 3660:V. elisabethae 3654: 3652: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3632: 3623: 3616: 3609: 3600: 3592: 3590: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3570: 3561: 3552: 3543: 3536: 3529: 3522: 3518:S. oporaphilum 3513: 3504: 3495: 3486: 3477: 3468: 3459: 3450: 3441: 3438:S. hondurensis 3434: 3425: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3393: 3384: 3376: 3374: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3344: 3342: 3334: 3333: 3331: 3330: 3326:S. toxophyllum 3320: 3318: 3310: 3309: 3307: 3306: 3296: 3294: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3282: 3273: 3264: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3232: 3225: 3216: 3209: 3200: 3193: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3161: 3152: 3143: 3134: 3127: 3118: 3110: 3108: 3100: 3099: 3097: 3096: 3086: 3084: 3068: 3067: 3065: 3064: 3060:M. macconnelli 3054: 3052: 3044: 3043: 3041: 3040: 3030: 3028: 3020: 3019: 3017: 3016: 3006: 3004: 2996: 2995: 2993: 2992: 2983: 2974: 2965: 2958: 2949: 2940: 2931: 2922: 2913: 2904: 2894: 2892: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2873: 2864: 2855: 2846: 2837: 2827: 2825: 2809: 2808: 2806: 2805: 2795: 2793: 2785: 2784: 2782: 2781: 2762: 2761: 2752: 2743: 2734: 2725: 2721:A. jamaicensis 2716: 2707: 2698: 2694:A. fraterculus 2689: 2680: 2671: 2652: 2650: 2634: 2633: 2631: 2630: 2620: 2618: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2596: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2582: 2572: 2570: 2558: 2557: 2551: 2544: 2543: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2531: 2529: 2528: 2519: 2510: 2501: 2491: 2489: 2473: 2472: 2470: 2469: 2459: 2457: 2446: 2440: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2433: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2395: 2393: 2375: 2374: 2372: 2371: 2361: 2359: 2351: 2350: 2348: 2347: 2343:L. orinocensis 2338: 2334:L. marinkellei 2329: 2320: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2280: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2266: 2260:Spectral bat ( 2256: 2254: 2246: 2245: 2243: 2242: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2221: 2219: 2218: 2209: 2199: 2197: 2181: 2180: 2178: 2177: 2168: 2159: 2150: 2141: 2132: 2123: 2114: 2110:L. brasiliense 2104: 2102: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2080: 2078: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2053: 2043: 2041: 2033: 2032: 2030: 2029: 2019: 2017: 2009: 2008: 2006: 2005: 1996: 1992:M. schmidtorum 1987: 1978: 1969: 1960: 1951: 1942: 1933: 1924: 1914: 1912: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1890: 1886:M. waterhousii 1881: 1871: 1869: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1834:Lampronycteris 1829: 1828: 1826: 1825: 1816: 1807: 1797: 1795: 1792:Glyphonycteris 1784: 1782:Micronycterini 1774: 1773: 1770:Phyllostominae 1767: 1760: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1752: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1734: 1732: 1724: 1723: 1721: 1720: 1716:P. genovensium 1710: 1708: 1700: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1687: 1678: 1671: 1664: 1655: 1646: 1643:L. inexpectata 1639: 1630: 1621: 1612: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1577: 1575: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1553: 1551: 1540: 1538:Lonchophyllini 1534: 1533: 1530: 1529: 1527: 1526: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1500: 1489: 1483: 1482: 1479: 1478: 1476: 1475: 1465: 1463: 1460:Scleronycteris 1455: 1454: 1452: 1451: 1441: 1439: 1431: 1430: 1428: 1427: 1418: 1408: 1406: 1398: 1397: 1395: 1394: 1385: 1375: 1373: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1357:L. yerbabuenae 1352: 1343: 1333: 1331: 1313: 1312: 1310: 1309: 1299: 1297: 1289: 1288: 1286: 1285: 1276: 1267: 1258: 1249: 1239: 1237: 1229: 1228: 1221: 1219: 1216:Dryadonycteris 1211: 1210: 1208: 1207: 1197: 1195: 1192:Choeronycteris 1187: 1186: 1184: 1183: 1174: 1165: 1155: 1153: 1145: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1134: 1130:A. luismanueli 1125: 1116: 1107: 1098: 1089: 1080: 1073: 1064: 1056: 1054: 1033: 1023: 1022: 1019:Glossophaginae 1016: 1009: 1008: 1005: 1004: 1001: 1000: 997: 996: 994: 993: 984: 974: 972: 969:Phyllonycteris 964: 963: 961: 960: 951: 941: 939: 928: 922: 921: 918: 917: 915: 914: 904: 902: 894: 893: 891: 890: 880: 878: 870: 869: 867: 866: 856: 854: 843: 839:(vampire bats) 829: 828: 825: 824: 822: 821: 812: 803: 793: 791: 783: 782: 780: 779: 770: 761: 752: 743: 734: 725: 716: 706: 704: 683: 677: 676: 673: 672: 670: 669: 660: 650: 648: 637: 627: 626: 624: 623: 618: 613: 608: 601: 594: 593: 591: 590: 584: 582:Laurasiatheria 578: 572: 566: 560: 553: 550: 549: 546:Phyllostomidae 543: 541: 540: 533: 526: 518: 510: 509: 479: 428: 416:(PDF, Reprint) 393:(3): 457–461. 370: 323: 322: 320: 317: 316: 315: 310: 303: 300: 287:. One plant, 279: 276: 262:deep into the 248:giant anteater 231: 228: 215: 212: 188: 187: 179: 178: 175: 164: 163: 157: 156: 149: 147: 143: 142: 135: 131: 130: 128:Phyllostomidae 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 95: 91: 90: 85: 81: 80: 75: 71: 70: 57: 56: 46:Data Deficient 38: 35: 34: 29: 26: 25: 16:Species of bat 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4026: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3972: 3967: 3963: 3959: 3954: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3924: 3920: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3902: 3898: 3894: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3863: 3859: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3837: 3833: 3828: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3807: 3803: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3765: 3763: 3762:V. caraccioli 3758: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3752: 3747: 3741: 3739: 3734: 3732: 3730: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3710: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3643: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3624: 3622: 3621: 3617: 3615: 3614: 3610: 3608: 3606: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3591: 3581: 3580: 3575: 3569: 3567: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3537: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3528: 3527: 3523: 3521: 3519: 3514: 3512: 3510: 3505: 3503: 3501: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3487: 3485: 3483: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3451: 3449: 3447: 3442: 3440: 3439: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3430:S. erythromos 3426: 3424: 3423: 3422:S. burtonlimi 3419: 3417: 3415: 3414:S. bogotensis 3410: 3408: 3406: 3401: 3399: 3398: 3394: 3392: 3390: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3378: 3377: 3375: 3365: 3364: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3340: 3335: 3329: 3327: 3324:Visored bat ( 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3316: 3311: 3305: 3303: 3302:P. bilabiatum 3300:Ipanema bat ( 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3281: 3279: 3274: 3272: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3261: 3256: 3254: 3253: 3249: 3247: 3246: 3242: 3240: 3238: 3233: 3231: 3230: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3217: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3201: 3199: 3198: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3181:P. guianensis 3178: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3167: 3162: 3160: 3158: 3157:P. chocoensis 3153: 3151: 3149: 3144: 3142: 3140: 3135: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3116: 3112: 3111: 3109: 3107: 3106: 3101: 3095: 3093: 3088: 3087: 3085: 3075: 3074: 3069: 3063: 3061: 3056: 3055: 3053: 3051: 3050: 3045: 3039: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3029: 3027: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3013: 3008: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3002: 2997: 2991: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2980: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2970:D. rosenbergi 2966: 2964: 2963: 2959: 2957: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2918:D. bogotensis 2914: 2912: 2910: 2905: 2903: 2901: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2860:C. trinitatum 2856: 2854: 2852: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2842:C. improvisum 2838: 2836: 2834: 2829: 2828: 2826: 2816: 2815: 2810: 2804: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2791: 2786: 2780: 2778: 2772: 2771: 2770: 2764: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2753: 2751: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2726: 2724: 2722: 2717: 2715: 2713: 2712:A. inopinatus 2708: 2706: 2704: 2699: 2697: 2695: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2685:A. fimbriatus 2681: 2679: 2677: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2629: 2627: 2626:A. flavescens 2622: 2621: 2619: 2617: 2616: 2611: 2605: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2595: 2593: 2592: 2587: 2581: 2579: 2574: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2568: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2549: 2545: 2527: 2525: 2524:P. latifolius 2520: 2518: 2516: 2511: 2509: 2507: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2492: 2490: 2480: 2479: 2474: 2468: 2466: 2461: 2460: 2458: 2456: 2455: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2431: 2429: 2424: 2422: 2420: 2419:M. crenulatum 2415: 2413: 2411: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2397: 2396: 2394: 2382: 2381: 2376: 2370: 2368: 2363: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2357: 2352: 2346: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2321: 2319: 2317: 2316:L. fernandezi 2312: 2310: 2308: 2303: 2302: 2300: 2290: 2289: 2284: 2281: 2279: 2278:Lonchorhinini 2275: 2265: 2263: 2258: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2252: 2247: 2241: 2239: 2234: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2228: 2223: 2217: 2215: 2214:T. saurophila 2210: 2208: 2206: 2201: 2200: 2198: 2188: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2174: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2164:L. silvicolum 2160: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2147: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2133: 2131: 2129: 2124: 2122: 2120: 2115: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2100: 2095: 2089: 2087: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2076: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2062: 2052: 2050: 2045: 2044: 2042: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2004: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1984: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1939: 1934: 1932: 1930: 1929:M. giovanniae 1925: 1923: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1913: 1901: 1900: 1899:Micronycteris 1895: 1889: 1887: 1882: 1880: 1878: 1873: 1872: 1870: 1860: 1859: 1854: 1848: 1846: 1845:L. brachyotis 1841: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1835: 1830: 1824: 1822: 1821:G. sylvestris 1817: 1815: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1804: 1799: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1793: 1788: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1765: 1761: 1743: 1741: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1730: 1725: 1719: 1717: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1706: 1701: 1695: 1693: 1688: 1686: 1684: 1679: 1677: 1676: 1672: 1670: 1669: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1644: 1640: 1638: 1636: 1631: 1629: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1601: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1583:L. bokermanni 1579: 1578: 1576: 1574: 1573: 1568: 1562: 1560: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1544: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1515: 1511: 1509: 1508: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1499: 1498: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1484: 1474: 1472: 1467: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1461: 1456: 1450: 1448: 1443: 1442: 1440: 1438: 1437: 1432: 1426: 1424: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1399: 1393: 1391: 1386: 1384: 1382: 1377: 1376: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1370:Lichonycteris 1366: 1360: 1358: 1353: 1351: 1349: 1344: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1334: 1332: 1320: 1319: 1318:Leptonycteris 1314: 1308: 1306: 1305:H. underwoodi 1301: 1300: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1277: 1275: 1273: 1268: 1266: 1264: 1259: 1257: 1255: 1250: 1248: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1238: 1236: 1235: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1218: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1196: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1182: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1171: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1151: 1146: 1140: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1122: 1117: 1115: 1113: 1108: 1106: 1104: 1099: 1097: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1072: 1070: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1061:A. aequatoris 1058: 1057: 1055: 1043: 1042: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1031:Glossophagini 1028: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1010: 992: 990: 985: 983: 981: 976: 975: 973: 971: 970: 965: 959: 957: 952: 950: 948: 947:E. bombifrons 943: 942: 940: 938: 937: 932: 929: 927: 923: 913: 911: 906: 905: 903: 901: 900: 895: 889: 887: 882: 881: 879: 877: 876: 871: 865: 863: 858: 857: 855: 853: 852: 847: 844: 834: 833:Desmodontinae 830: 820: 818: 813: 811: 809: 804: 802: 800: 795: 794: 792: 790: 789: 784: 778: 776: 771: 769: 767: 762: 760: 758: 753: 751: 749: 744: 742: 740: 735: 733: 731: 726: 724: 722: 721:C. brevicauda 717: 715: 713: 708: 707: 705: 698:(Short-tailed 693: 692: 687: 684: 682: 678: 668: 666: 661: 659: 657: 656:B. cavernarum 652: 651: 649: 647: 646: 641: 638: 636: 632: 628: 622: 619: 617: 616:Desmodontinae 614: 612: 609: 607: 604:Subfamilies: 603: 602: 599: 595: 589: 585: 583: 579: 577: 573: 571: 567: 565: 561: 559: 555: 554: 551: 547: 539: 534: 532: 527: 525: 520: 519: 516: 498: 494: 490: 483: 480: 475: 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 432: 429: 418:on 2015-09-23 414: 410: 406: 401: 396: 392: 388: 381: 374: 371: 358: 353: 349: 345: 344: 339: 337: 328: 325: 318: 314: 311: 309: 306: 305: 301: 299: 297: 293: 291: 286: 277: 275: 273: 269: 265: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 229: 227: 225: 221: 213: 211: 209: 205: 201: 200: 195: 185: 180: 173: 171: 165: 162: 161:Binomial name 158: 154: 153: 148: 145: 144: 141: 140: 136: 133: 132: 129: 126: 123: 122: 119: 116: 113: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 93: 92: 89: 86: 83: 82: 79: 76: 73: 72: 67: 62: 58: 52: 47: 36: 32: 27: 22: 19: 3796: 3761: 3749: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3707: 3695: 3686: 3677: 3668: 3659: 3639: 3627: 3618: 3611: 3605:U. bilobatum 3604: 3595: 3577: 3565: 3556: 3547: 3538: 3531: 3526:S. parvidens 3524: 3517: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3481: 3472: 3463: 3454: 3445: 3436: 3429: 3420: 3413: 3404: 3395: 3388: 3379: 3361: 3349: 3337: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3289: 3277: 3268: 3260:P. recifinus 3259: 3252:P. nitelinea 3250: 3243: 3236: 3227: 3220: 3211: 3204: 3195: 3188: 3179: 3172: 3165: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3129: 3122: 3115:P. albericoi 3113: 3105:Platyrrhinus 3103: 3091: 3071: 3059: 3047: 3035: 3025:Enchisthenes 3023: 3011: 2999: 2987: 2978: 2969: 2960: 2953: 2944: 2935: 2926: 2917: 2908: 2900:D. anderseni 2899: 2887: 2875: 2868: 2859: 2850: 2841: 2832: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2767: 2765: 2757:A. schwartzi 2756: 2747: 2738: 2730:A. lituratus 2729: 2720: 2711: 2702: 2693: 2684: 2675: 2666: 2657: 2655: 2637: 2625: 2613: 2602:A. nichollsi 2601: 2589: 2577: 2565: 2523: 2514: 2506:P. elongatus 2505: 2496: 2478:Phyllostomus 2476: 2464: 2452: 2428:M. koepckeae 2427: 2418: 2410:M. cozumelae 2409: 2401:M. bennettii 2400: 2399:Golden bat ( 2378: 2366: 2356:Macrophyllum 2354: 2342: 2333: 2325:L. inusitata 2324: 2315: 2306: 2286: 2261: 2249: 2238:T. cirrhosus 2237: 2225: 2213: 2204: 2184: 2172: 2163: 2154: 2145: 2136: 2127: 2119:L. carrikeri 2118: 2109: 2097: 2085: 2075:Chrotopterus 2073: 2048: 2036: 2024: 2012: 2000: 1991: 1982: 1973: 1964: 1956:M. megalotis 1955: 1946: 1937: 1928: 1919: 1897: 1885: 1876: 1856: 1844: 1832: 1820: 1811: 1802: 1801:Behn's bat ( 1790: 1739: 1729:Xeronycteris 1727: 1715: 1703: 1691: 1682: 1675:L. peracchii 1673: 1666: 1659: 1650: 1641: 1634: 1625: 1617:L. fornicata 1616: 1608:L. dekeyseri 1607: 1598: 1591: 1582: 1572:Lonchophylla 1570: 1559:L. spurrelli 1558: 1546: 1521: 1512: 1505: 1495: 1487:Hsunycterini 1470: 1458: 1447:M. harrisoni 1446: 1445:Banana bat ( 1436:Musonycteris 1434: 1422: 1414:M. plethodon 1413: 1401: 1389: 1380: 1368: 1356: 1347: 1338: 1316: 1304: 1294:Hylonycteris 1292: 1280: 1271: 1262: 1253: 1244: 1232: 1222: 1214: 1202: 1190: 1178: 1169: 1160: 1150:Choeroniscus 1148: 1136: 1129: 1120: 1112:A. geoffroyi 1111: 1103:A. fistulata 1102: 1100: 1093: 1084: 1077:A. carishina 1075: 1068: 1059: 1039: 988: 979: 967: 956:E. sezekorni 955: 946: 934: 909: 897: 885: 873: 861: 849: 816: 808:R. fischerae 807: 798: 786: 774: 765: 756: 747: 738: 729: 720: 712:C. benkeithi 711: 689: 664: 655: 645:Brachyphylla 643: 580:Superorder: 574:Infraclass: 501:. Retrieved 497:the original 482: 441: 437: 431: 420:. Retrieved 413:the original 390: 386: 373: 361:. Retrieved 347: 341: 335: 327: 288: 281: 251: 233: 223: 219: 217: 198: 197: 193: 191: 169: 167: 151: 150: 138: 18: 3875:iNaturalist 3821:Wikispecies 3738:V. nymphaea 3709:Vampyriscus 3613:U. convexum 3548:S. sorianoi 3533:S. paulsoni 3464:S. ludovici 3278:P. vittatus 3269:P. umbratus 3245:P. nigellus 3221:P. lineatus 3205:P. infuscus 3166:P. dorsalis 3139:P. aurarius 3092:P. falcatus 2954:D. phaeotis 2877:C. vizottoi 2869:C. villosum 2777:A. concolor 2739:A. obscurus 2703:A. hirsutus 2578:A. centurio 2515:P. hastatus 2497:P. discolor 2454:Phylloderma 2288:Lonchorhina 2262:V. spectrum 2049:T. nicefori 2038:Trinycteris 2014:Neonycteris 1983:M. sanborni 1965:M. microtis 1920:M. brosseti 1635:L. hesperia 1626:L. handleyi 1592:L. chocoana 1548:Lionycteris 1497:Hsunycteris 1403:Monophyllus 1339:L. curasoae 1325:(Saussure's 1281:G. soricina 1234:Glossophaga 1224:D. capixaba 1203:C. mexicana 1179:C. periosus 1121:A. latidens 1094:A. cultrata 1085:A. caudifer 1048:(Geoffroy's 910:D. ecaudata 862:D. rotundus 799:R. alethina 788:Rhinophylla 730:C. castanea 681:Carolliinae 611:Carolliinae 363:19 November 290:Centropogon 230:Description 3988:Categories 3751:Vampyrodes 3678:V. pusilla 3669:V. melissa 3641:Vampyressa 3557:S. thomasi 3339:Stenoderma 3213:P. ismaeli 3197:P. incarum 3189:P. helleri 3131:P. aquilus 3049:Mesophylla 3001:Ectophylla 2988:D. watsoni 2979:D. tolteca 2927:D. cinerea 2909:D. aztecus 2851:C. salvini 2814:Chiroderma 2600:Tree bat ( 2552:Subfamily 2465:P. stenops 2155:L. schulzi 2137:L. kalkoae 2099:Lophostoma 2086:C. auritus 2025:N. pusilla 1938:M. hirsuta 1812:G. daviesi 1768:Subfamily 1740:X. vieirai 1692:L. thomasi 1683:L. robusta 1600:L. concava 1522:H. thomasi 1514:H. pattoni 1507:H. cadenai 1423:M. redmani 1390:L. obscura 1381:L. degener 1348:L. nivalis 1272:G. morenoi 1254:G. leachii 1161:C. godmani 1138:A. peruana 1069:A. cadenai 1017:Subfamily 980:P. aphylla 817:R. pumilio 775:C. subrufa 766:C. sowelli 588:Chiroptera 503:2006-12-07 422:2006-12-07 319:References 118:Chiroptera 3729:V. brocki 3720:V. bidens 3696:V. villai 3687:V. thyone 3620:U. davisi 3597:U. bakeri 3566:S. tildae 3500:S. mordax 3455:S. lilium 3405:S. bidens 3397:S. bakeri 3381:S. angeli 3291:Pygoderma 3036:E. hartii 2936:D. glauca 2889:Dermanura 2833:C. doriae 2769:Koopmania 2766:Subgenus 2676:A. amplus 2656:Subgenus 2307:L. aurita 2205:T. bidens 2173:L. yasuni 2128:L. evotis 2065:Vampyrini 2001:M. yatesi 1974:M. minuta 1947:M. matses 1803:G. behnii 1705:Platalina 1660:L. orcesi 1651:L. mordax 936:Erophylla 886:D. youngi 556:Kingdom: 409:1545-1542 292:nigricans 244:pangolins 220:fistulata 146:Species: 84:Kingdom: 78:Eukaryota 3893:10543342 3806:Wikidata 3579:Uroderma 3540:S. perla 3482:S. magna 3473:S. luisi 3363:Sturnira 3350:S. rufum 3073:Phyllops 2945:D. gnoma 2801:C. senex 2790:Centurio 2659:Artibeus 2639:Artibeus 2567:Ametrida 2251:Vampyrum 2227:Trachops 1858:Macrotus 1170:C. minor 989:P. poeyi 899:Diphylla 851:Desmodus 691:Carollia 576:Eutheria 570:Mammalia 564:Chordata 562:Phylum: 558:Animalia 493:NBC News 466:17151655 302:See also 296:corollae 285:rib cage 270:and the 124:Family: 108:Mammalia 98:Chordata 94:Phylum: 88:Animalia 74:Domain: 51:IUCN 3.1 3971:3613591 3945:2563023 3932:1004893 3867:6100703 3854:7210618 3812:Q760581 3509:S. nana 3229:P. masu 3012:E. alba 2962:D. rava 2615:Ariteus 2186:Tonatia 875:Diaemus 739:C. manu 665:B. nana 586:Order: 568:Class: 474:4418648 446:Bibcode 272:trachea 268:sternum 260:pharynx 224:fistula 208:Ecuador 202:) is a 134:Genus: 114:Order: 104:Class: 49: ( 4009:Anoura 3958:200353 3919:136239 3906:947251 2591:Ardops 1471:S. ega 1041:Anoura 472:  464:  438:Nature 407:  264:thorax 246:, the 236:tongue 139:Anoura 3888:IRMNG 3880:74063 3841:66Y5K 2389:Bats) 2380:Mimon 1908:Bats) 470:S2CID 383:(PDF) 256:hyoid 206:from 3940:NCBI 3914:IUCN 3901:ITIS 3862:GBIF 462:PMID 405:ISSN 365:2021 348:2018 192:The 3927:MDD 3849:EoL 3836:CoL 454:doi 442:444 395:doi 352:doi 204:bat 3990:: 3968:: 3955:: 3942:: 3929:: 3916:: 3903:: 3890:: 3877:: 3864:: 3851:: 3838:: 3823:: 3808:: 2773:: 2663:: 491:. 468:. 460:. 452:. 440:. 403:. 391:86 389:. 385:. 346:. 340:. 274:. 242:, 3764:) 3740:) 3731:) 3722:) 3698:) 3689:) 3680:) 3671:) 3662:) 3630:) 3607:) 3568:) 3559:) 3550:) 3520:) 3511:) 3502:) 3493:) 3484:) 3475:) 3466:) 3457:) 3448:) 3432:) 3416:) 3407:) 3391:) 3352:) 3328:) 3304:) 3280:) 3271:) 3262:) 3239:) 3223:) 3207:) 3191:) 3168:) 3159:) 3150:) 3141:) 3125:) 3094:) 3062:) 3038:) 3014:) 2990:) 2981:) 2972:) 2956:) 2947:) 2938:) 2929:) 2920:) 2911:) 2902:) 2871:) 2862:) 2853:) 2844:) 2835:) 2803:) 2779:) 2759:) 2750:) 2741:) 2732:) 2723:) 2714:) 2705:) 2696:) 2687:) 2678:) 2669:) 2628:) 2604:) 2580:) 2526:) 2517:) 2508:) 2499:) 2467:) 2430:) 2421:) 2412:) 2403:) 2369:) 2345:) 2336:) 2327:) 2318:) 2309:) 2264:) 2240:) 2216:) 2207:) 2175:) 2166:) 2157:) 2148:) 2139:) 2130:) 2121:) 2112:) 2088:) 2051:) 2027:) 2003:) 1994:) 1985:) 1976:) 1967:) 1958:) 1949:) 1940:) 1931:) 1922:) 1888:) 1879:) 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