1405:) nest in alternate years (if successful). Most temperate and polar species nest over the spring-summer, although some albatrosses and procellariids nest over the winter. In the tropics, some species can be found breeding throughout the year, but most nest in discreet periods. Procellariiforms return to nesting colonies as much as several months before laying, and attend their nest sites regularly before copulation. Prior to laying, females embark on a lengthy pre-laying exodus to build up energy reserves in order to lay the exceptionally large egg. In the stormy petrel, a very small procellariiform, the egg can be 29 percent of the body weight of the female, while in the grey-faced petrel, the female may spend as much as 80 days feeding out at sea after courtship before laying the egg.
1911:
1623:
1022:
1325:
1494:
1480:
pressure to fledge quickly. Second, the time between feedings is long due to the distance from the nest site that adults forage, thus a chick that had a higher growth rate would stand a better chance of starving to death. The duration between feedings vary among species and during the stages of development. Small feeds are frequent during the guard phase, but afterward become less frequent. However, each feed can deliver a large amount of energy; both sooty shearwater and mottled petrel chicks have been recorded to double their weight in a single night, probably when fed by both parents.
120:
1101:
460:
145:
1264:(the giant petrels and some albatrosses can have very large territories) which is the small area around either the nest or a burrow. Competition between pairs can be intense, as is competition between species, particularly for burrows. Larger species of petrels will even kill the chicks and even adults of smaller species in disputes over burrows. Burrows and natural crevices are most commonly used by the smaller species; all the storm petrels and
7543:
1245:
7340:
1772:
7364:
1347:, pointing, calling, bill clacking, staring, and combinations of such behaviours (like the sky-call). Each particular pair will develop their own individual version of the dance. The breeding behaviour of other procellariiforms is less elaborate, although similar bonding behaviours are involved, particularly for surface-nesting species. These can involve synchronised flights, mutual preening and
7555:
2360:; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; Li, B.; Houde, P.; Li, C.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Faircloth, B. C.; Nabholz, B.; Howard, J. T.; Suh, A.; Weber, C. C.; Da Fonseca, R. R.; Li, J.; Zhang, F.; Li, H.; Zhou, L.; Narula, N.; Liu, L.; Ganapathy, G.; Boussau, B.; Bayzid, M. S.; Zavidovych, V.; Subramanian, S.; Gabaldon, T.; Capella-Gutierrez, S.; Huerta-Cepas, J.; Rekepalli, B.; Munch, K.; et al. (2014).
1380:
1013:
at night, control birds found their way to their home nests before night was over, whereas anosmic birds did not home until the next day. A similar study that released Cory's shearwaters 800 km from their home nests, testing both magnetic and olfactory disturbancesâ effects on navigation, found that anosmic birds took longer to home than magnetically disturbed or control birds.
7376:
1850:, it was estimated that 500,000 seabirds a year died as a result. This has caused steep declines in some species, as procellariiforms are extremely slow breeders and cannot replace their numbers fast enough. Losses of albatrosses and petrels in the Southern Ocean were estimated at between 1 percent and 16 percent per year, which these species cannot sustain for long.
1417:
7352:
7531:
1955:. Once swallowed, plastic can cause a general decline in the fitness of the bird, or in some cases lodge in the gut and cause a blockage, leading to death by starvation. It can also be picked up by foraging adults and fed to chicks, stunting their development and reducing the chances of successfully fledging. Procellariids are also vulnerable to
1351:. Calls are important for helping birds locate potential mates and distinguishing between species, and may also help individuals assess the quality of potential mates. After pairs have been formed, calls serve to help them reunite; the ability of individuals to recognise their own mate has been demonstrated in several species.
1045:, with a wingspan of 23 to 28 cm (9.1 to 11.0 in). Their nostrils are enclosed in one or two tubes on their straight deeply-grooved bills with hooked tips. The beaks are made up of several plates. Their wings are long and narrow; the feet are webbed, and the hind toe is undeveloped or non-existent; their adult
5578:
RodrĂguez, Airam; Holmes, Nick D.; Ryan, Peter G.; Wilson, Kerry-Jayne; Faulquier, Lucie; Murillo, Yovana; Raine, AndrĂ© F.; Penniman, Jay F.; Neves, VerĂłnica; RodrĂguez, Beneharo; Negro, Juan J.; Chiaradia, AndrĂ©; Dann, Peter; Anderson, Tracy; Metzger, Benjamin; Shirai, Masaki; Deppe, Lorna; Wheeler,
1311:
The other type of philopatry exhibited is site fidelity, where pairs of birds return to the same nesting site for a number of years. Among the most extreme examples known of this tendency was the fidelity of a ringed northern fulmar that returned to the same nest site for 25 years. The average number
1152:
which locks the wing when fully extended, allowing the wing to be kept up and out without any muscle effort. Amongst the
Oceanitinae storm-petrels there are two unique flight patterns, one being surface pattering. In this they move across the water surface holding and moving their feet on the water's
1084:
feeding. Most members of the order are unable to walk well on land, and many species visit their remote breeding islands only at night. The exceptions are the huge albatrosses, several of the gadfly petrels and shearwaters and the fulmar-petrels. The latter can disable even large predatory birds with
1012:
Researchers have also begun investigating olfaction's role in procellariiform navigation. In a study where Cory's shearwaters were rendered anosmic with zinc sulphate, a compound which kills the surface layer of the olfactory epithelium, and released hundreds of kilometers away from their home colony
1112:
Procellariiforms drink seawater, so they have to excrete excess salt. All birds have an enlarged nasal gland at the base of the bill, above the eyes, and in the
Procellariiformes the gland is active. In general terms, the salt gland removes salt from the system and forms a 5 percent saline solution
1008:
days. Lockley showed that when released "under a clear sky" with sun or stars visible, the shearwaters oriented themselves and then "flew off in a direct line for
Skokholm", making the journey so rapidly that they must have flown almost in a straight line. But if the sky was overcast at the time of
2442:
Li, C.; Zhang, Y.; Li, J.; Kong, L.; Hu, H.; Pan, H.; Xu, L.; Deng, Y.; Li, Q.; Jin, L.; Yu, H.; Chen, Y.; Liu, B.; Yang, L.; Liu, S.; Zhang, Y.; Lang, Y.; Xia, J.; He, W.; Shi, Q.; Subramanian, S.; Millar, C. D.; Meader, S.; Rands, C. M.; Fujita, M. K.; Greenwold, M. J.; Castoe, T. A.; Pollock, D.
2568:
Hackett, S.J.; Kimball, R.T.; Reddy, S.; Bowie, R.C.K.; Braun, E.L.; Braun, M.J.; Chojnowski, J.L.; Cox, W.A.; Han, K-L.; Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C.J.; Marks, B.D.; Miglia, K.J.; Moore, W.S.; Sheldon, F.H.; Steadman, D.W.; Witt, C.C.; Yuri, T. (2008). "A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their
1971:
and Cory's shearwater, which nest high up on large developed islands, are victims of light pollution. Fledging chicks are attracted to streetlights and may then be unable to reach the sea. An estimated 20 to 40 percent of fledging Barau's petrels and 45 to 60 percent of fledging Cory's shearwater
1783:
The albatrosses and petrels are "amongst the most severely threatened taxa worldwide". They face a variety of threats, the severity of which varies greatly from species to species. Several species are among the most common of seabirds, including Wilson's storm petrel (an estimated 12 to 30 million
1216:
from the air, but as a rule this technique is rare. Some diving birds may aid diving by beginning with a plunge from the air, but for the most part petrels are active divers and use their wings to move around under the water. The depths achieved by various species were determined in the 1990s and
422:
Procellariiforms have had a long relationship with humans. They have been important food sources for many people, and continue to be hunted as such in some parts of the world. The albatrosses in particular have been the subject of numerous cultural depictions. Procellariiforms include some of the
1479:
The chick fledges between two and nine months after hatching, almost twice as long as a gull of the same body mass. The reasons behind the length of time are associated with the distance from the breeding site to food. First, there are few predators at the nesting colonies, therefore there is no
1255:
All procellariiforms are colonial, predominantly breeding on offshore or oceanic islands. The few species that nest on continents do so in inhospitable environments such as dry deserts or on
Antarctica. These colonies can vary from the widely spaced colonies of the giant petrels to the dense 3.6
1183:
petrels also take carrion, the diet of most species of albatrosses and petrels is dominated by fish, squid, krill and other marine zooplankton. The importance of these food sources varies from species to species and family to family. For example, of the two albatross species found in Hawaii, the
1342:
breeders and form long-term pair bonds. These pair bonds take several years to develop in some species, particularly with the albatrosses. Once formed, they last for many breeding seasons, in some cases for the life of the pair. Petrel courtship can be elaborate. It reaches its extreme with the
695:
All the storm petrels were once placed in the family
Hydrobatidae but genetic data indicated that Hydrobatidae consisted of two deeply divergent clades that were not sister taxa. In 2018 the austral storm petrels were moved to the new family Oceanitidae. The northern storm petrels in the family
1412:
stint and the female returning to sea. The duration of individual stints varies from just a few days to as much as several weeks, during which the incubating bird can lose a considerable amount of weight. The incubation period varies from species to species, around 40 days for the smallest
1644:
Albatrosses and petrels have been important food sources for humans for as long as people have been able to reach their remote breeding colonies. Amongst the earliest-known examples of this is the remains of shearwaters and albatrosses along with those of other seabirds in 5,000-year-old
1076:, which contains seven to nine distinct horny plates, is another unifying feature, although there are differences within the order. Petrels have a plate called the maxillary unguis that forms a hook on the maxilla. The smaller members of the order have a comb-like mandible, made by the
1362:, sometimes for as long as ten years in the largest species. Once they begin breeding, they make only a single breeding attempt per nesting season; even if the egg is lost early in the season, they seldom re-lay. Much effort is placed into laying a single (proportionally) large
1295:
studies. Birds ringed as chicks have been recaptured close to their original nests, sometimes extremely close; in the Laysan albatross the average distance between hatching site and the site where a bird established its own territory was 22 m (72 ft), and a study of
1260:. For almost all species the need to breed is the only reason that procellariiforms return to land at all. Some of the larger petrels have to nest on windswept locations as they require wind to take off and forage for food. Within the colonies, pairs defend usually small
1535:
in culture, although there are sailors' legends regarding the storm petrels, which are considered to warn of oncoming storms. In general, petrels were considered to be "soul birds", representing the souls of drowned sailors, and it was considered unlucky to touch them.
1757:(1952) calculated that every person on St Kilda consumed over 100 fulmars each year; the meat was their staple food, and they caught around 12,000 birds annually. However, when the human population left St Kilda in 1930, the population did not suddenly grow.
1440:, usually two or three days. Diving-petrel chicks take longer to thermoregulate and have a longer guard phase than other burrow nesters. However, surface-nesting species, which have to deal with a greater range of weather and to contend with predators like
1366:
and raising a single chick. Procellariiforms are long-lived: the longest living albatross known survived for 51 years, but was probably older, and even the tiny storm-petrels are known to have survived for 30 years. Additionally, the oldest living bird is
5579:
Jennifer; Hodum, Peter; Gouveia, Catia; Carmo, Vanda; Carreira, Gilberto P.; Delgado-Alburqueque, Luis; Guerra-Correa, Carlos; Couzi, François-Xavier; Travers, Marc; Corre, Matthieu Le (2017). "Seabird mortality induced by land-based artificial lights".
870:, which are found in tropical, temperate and polar zones of both the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres, though the majority do not breed in the tropics, and half the species are restricted to southern temperate and polar regions. The gadfly petrels,
1436:, and the ability to move around the nesting site. After hatching, the incubating adult remains with the chick for a number of days, a period known as the guard phase. In the case of most burrow-nesting species, this is only until the chick is able to
1153:
surface while holding steady above the water, and remaining stationary by hovering with rapid fluttering or by using the wind to anchor themselves in place. A similar flight method is thought to have been used by the extinct petrel family
652:. Until the beginning of the 20th century, the family Hydrobatidae was named Procellariidae, and the family now called Procellariidae was rendered "Puffinidae." The order itself was called Tubinares. A major early work on this group is
2623:
Reddy, S.; Kimball, R.T.; Pandey, A.; Hosner, P.A.; Braun, M.J.; Hackett, S.J.; Han, K.-L.; Harshman, J.; Huddleston, C.J.; Kingston, S.; Marks, B.D.; Miglia, K.J.; Moore, W.S.; Sheldon, F.H.; Witt, C.C.; Yuri, T.; Braun, E.L. (2017).
1287:, both site fidelity and natal philopatry. Natal philopatry is the tendency of an individual bird to return to its natal colony to breed, often many years after leaving the colony as a chick. This tendency has been shown through
1948:). In the natural state these fruits lodge in the understory of the forest, but with the understory removed the fruits fall to the ground where the petrels move about, sticking to their feathers and making flight impossible.
1192:
feeds mainly on squid. The albatrosses in general feed on fish, squid and krill. Among the procellariids, the prions concentrate on small crustacea, the fulmarine petrels take fish and krill but little squid, while the
949:
and
California, an annual round trip of 64,000 km (40,000 mi), the second longest measured annual migration of any bird. A number of other petrel species undertake trans-equatorial migrations, including the
1475:
oil. This can be a real advantage for species that range over huge distances to provide food for hungry chicks. The oil is also used in defence. All procellariiforms create stomach oil except the diving-petrels.
4015:
Medeiros R.; Hothersall B.; Campos A. (2003). "The use of artificial breeding chambers as a conservation measure for cavity-nesting procellariiform seabirds: A case study of the Band-rumped Storm Petrel
1200:
Petrels obtain food by snatching prey while swimming on the surface, snatching prey from the wing or diving down under the water to pursue prey. Dipping down from flight is most commonly used by the
707:
with differing branching topologies for other three families. More recent large-scale studies have found a consistent pattern with the albatross family
Diomedeidae as the most basal and Hydrobatidae
1653:, although it is likely that they were exploited prior to this. Since then, many other marine cultures, both subsistence and industrial, have exploited procellariiforms, in some cases almost to
1097:
of all tubenoses except the diving petrels, and is used mainly for storage of energy-rich food during their long flights. The oil is also fed to their young, as well as being used for defense.
1129:
using less water than was absorbed, which essentially generates salt-free water for other physiological uses. This high efficiency of sodium ion absorption is attributed to mammalian-type
978:
Many species in the order travel long distances over open water but return to the same nest site each year, raising the question of how they navigate so accurately. The Welsh naturalist
7508:
448:
2073:; Berv, J.S.; Dornburg, A.; Field, D.J.; Townsend, J.P.; Lemmon, E.M.; Lemmon, A.R. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing".
1517:
The most important family culturally is the albatrosses, which have been described by one author as "the most legendary of birds". Albatrosses have featured in poetry in the form of
1304:
found that nine out of 61 male chicks that returned to breed at their natal colony actually bred in the burrow they were raised in. Mitochondrial DNA provides evidence of restricted
411:
is laid per nesting attempt, and usually a single nesting attempt is made per year, although the larger albatrosses may only nest once every two years. Both parents participate in
1161:
possesses a unique variation on pattering: holding its wings motionless and at an angle into the wind, it pushes itself off the water's surface in a succession of bounding jumps.
447:. Scientists, conservationists, fishermen, and governments around the world are working to reduce the threats posed to them, and these efforts have led to the signing of the
692:
were formerly placed in their own family
Pelecanoididae. When genetic studies found that they were embedded within the family Procellariidae, the two families were merged.
1749:
supplies them with oil for their lamps, down for their beds, a delicacy for their tables, a balm for their wounds, and a medicine for their distempers.'" A photograph by
6252:
3765:
1842:. Bait set on hooks is attractive to foraging birds and many are hooked by the lines as they are set. As many as 100,000 albatrosses are hooked and drown each year on
606:
Phylogeny of the extant procellariforms based on a study by
Richard Prum and colleagues published in 2015. The number of species is taken from the list maintained by
1565:
petrel as the lead character of a poem that soon became popular in the revolutionary circles as "the battle anthem of the revolution". Although the species called "
1343:
albatrosses, where pairs spend many years perfecting and elaborating mating dances. These dances are composed of synchronised performances of various actions such as
7719:
1931:
774:. They are heavy for their size, with a high wing loading, so they need to fly fast. Most, except the giant petrels, have weak legs and are nearly helpless on land.
2665:
Chesser, R.T.; Burns, K.J.; Cicero, C.; Dunn, J.L.; Kratter, A.W.; Lovette, I.J.; Rasmussen, P.C.; Remsen, J.V. Jr; Stotz, D.F.; Winger, B.M.; Winker, K. (2018).
1766:
7758:
3199:
Shaffer, S.A.; Tremblay, Y.; Weimerskirch, H.; Scott, D.; Thompson, D.R.; Sagar, P.M.; Moller, H.; Taylor, G.A.; Foley, D.G.; Block, B.A.; D.P., Costa (2006).
3980:
683:(Sphenisciformes) â appears to be correct. The procellariiforms are most closely related to penguins, having diverged from them about 60 million years ago.
7414:
5632:
Le Correa, M.; Ollivier, A.; Ribesc, S.; Jouventin, P. (2002). "Light-induced mortality of petrels: a 4-year study from RĂ©union Island (Indian Ocean)".
5557:
740:(Austral storm petrels) are among the smallest seabirds, with fluttering flight and long but weak legs. Most have dark upperparts and a white underside.
2264:
1910:
1715:. While such exploitation is non-consumptive, it can have deleterious effects that need careful management to protect both the birds and the tourism.
1622:
1009:
release, the shearwaters flew around in circles "as if lost" and returned slowly or not at all, implying that they navigated using astronomical cues.
7885:
7850:
7693:
921:, ranges across the north Pacific. The family is absent from the north Atlantic, although fossil records indicate they bred there once. Finally the
5667:
Rodriguez, A.; Rodriguez, B. (2009). "Attraction of petrels to artificials lights in the Canary
Islands: Effects of the moon phase and age class".
391:, mostly nesting on remote, predator-free islands. The larger species nest on the surface, while most smaller species nest in natural cavities and
7732:
6247:
1918:
that was ingested but successfully ejected along with other indigestible matter. If such flotsam cannot be ejected it may cause sickness or death.
1197:
petrels consume mainly squid. The storm petrels take small droplets of oil from the surface of the water, as well as small crustaceans and fish.
833:
368:, a term that has been applied to all members of the order, or more commonly all the families except the albatrosses. They are almost exclusively
1413:
storm-petrels but longer for the largest species; for albatrosses it can span 70 to 80 days, which is the longest incubation period of any bird.
615:
7875:
5752:
5734:
4664:
4483:
3749:
3040:
2852:
2194:
2037:
1880:, has resulted in declines in many species and was implicated in the extinction of the Guadalupe storm petrel. Already in 1910 Godman wrote:
675:
treatment was almost certainly erroneous, but its assumption of a close evolutionary relationship with other "higher waterbirds" â such as
4783:
Higham, J. (1998). "Tourists and albatrosses: The dynamics of tourism at the Northern Royal Albatross Colony, Taiaroa Head, New Zealand".
2445:"Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment"
4359:
Acoustic communication in colonial seabirds: individual, sexual, and species-specific variation in acoustic signals of Pterodroma petrels
1424:
feeds its chick. The parent pumps food from a modified foregut, the proventriculus, and the chick catches the meal in its lower mandible.
696:
Hydrobatidae are more closely related to the family Procellariidae than they are to the austral storm petrels in the family Oceanitidae.
7860:
3636:"Vision on the high seas: spatial resolution and optical sensitivity in two procellariiform seabirds with different foraging strategies"
747:(northern storm petrels) are similar to the austral storm petrels but have longer more pointed wings and most species have forked tails.
1828:
1753:
taken about 1886 shows a "view of the men and women of St Kilda on the beach dividing up the catch of Fulmar". James Fisher, author of
958:, but no albatrosses cross the equator, as they rely on wind assisted flight. There are other long-distance migrants within the order;
7880:
7870:
4517:
3945:
915:
the majority of the family is restricted to the Southern Hemisphere, feeding and nesting in cool temperate areas, although one genus,
2246:
Passing now to the Tubinares, Mr. Salvin divides them into four families,âProcellariidae, Puffinidae, Pelecanoididae, and Diomedeidae
7865:
5716:
5297:
4653:
4598:
4060:
3720:
3067:
2824:
2794:
2292:
2005:
1579:), the English translators uniformly used the "stormy petrel" image in their translations of the poem, usually known in English as
3814:
Pennycuick, C.J. (1982). "The flight of petrels and albatrosses (Procellariiformes), observed in South Georgia and its vicinity".
1493:
7855:
7807:
4667:, review of "STORMY PETREL: THE LIFE AND WORK OF MAXIM GORKY" by Dan Levin. 329 pages. Appleton-Century. Review published in the
1064:
in the ocean. This ability to smell helps to locate patchily distributed prey at sea and may also help locate their nests within
4423:
7407:
5791:
1696:
1531:. More generally, albatrosses were believed to be good omens, and to kill one would bring bad luck. There are few instances of
1523:
1510:
5314:
Brothers, N.P. (1991). "Albatross mortality and associated bait loss in the Japanese longline fishery in the southern ocean".
3339:"Back home at night or out until morning? Nycthemeral variations in homing of anosmic Cory's shearwaters in a diurnal colony"
2735:
Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S.T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
2626:"Why do phylogenomic data sets yield conflicting trees? Data type influences the avian tree of life more than taxon sampling"
144:
7737:
7380:
714:
There are 147 living species of procellariiform worldwide, and the order is divided into four extant families, with a fifth
7745:
1581:
1222:
7521:
3540:"The influence of developmental environment on the evolution of olfactory foraging behaviour in procellariiform seabirds"
3035:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2 ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. pp. 107â110.
2171:
Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vögel, zugleich ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der StĂŒtz- und Bewegungsorgane
1113:
that drips out of the nostrils, or is forcibly ejected in some petrels. The processes behind this involve high levels of
4852:
1820:
was not located until February 2013; it had been thought extinct for 150 years until its rediscovery in 2003, while the
1727:
1549:
399:, returning to their natal colony to breed and returning to the same nesting site over many years. Procellariiforms are
3388:"Oceanic navigation in Cory's shearwaters: evidence for a crucial role of olfactory cues for homing after displacement"
1942:
nesting on the island to natural predators, and left them vulnerable to the sticky fruits of the native birdlime tree (
1021:
119:
7631:
7618:
6237:
2957:
1688:
1788:(23 million individuals); while the total population of some other species is a few hundred. There are less than 200
733:) are very large seabirds with a large strong hooked bill. They have strong legs, enabling them to walk well on land.
7835:
7400:
6019:
4832:
4221:
Thibault, J.-C. (1994). "Nest-site tenacity and mate fidelity in relation to breeding success in Cory's Shearwater
2361:
2131:
1636:
607:
7763:
5443:
5130:
3497:
1812:, although a number of species had died out before this. Numerous species are very poorly known; for example, the
1316:, and 85 percent of males and 76 percent of females for Cory's shearwaters (after a successful breeding attempt).
5934:
5924:
4736:
3995:
3593:
Bonadonna, Francesco; Cunningham, Gregory B.; Jouventin, Pierre; Hesters, Florence; Nevitt, Gabrielle A. (2003).
1448:, consequently have a longer guard phase (as long as two weeks in procellariids and three weeks in albatrosses).
1234:
959:
839:
373:
261:
3981:"Habitat use and burrow densities of burrow-nesting seabirds on South East Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand"
6260:
6242:
4848:
4146:
4100:
3886:
1817:
1776:
1750:
1358:, being long-lived and caring extensively for their few offspring. Breeding is delayed for several years after
1158:
1105:
1026:
819:
are those from the extinct family Diomedeoididae, fossils of which have been found in Central Europe and Iran.
668:
2875:"Notes on the osteology and phylogenetic affinities of the Oligocene Diomedeoididae (Aves, Procellariiformes)"
951:
842:
across the world's oceans and seas, although at the levels of family and genus there are some clear patterns.
5554:
5228:
6265:
2270:
1785:
1518:
1505:
1391:
The majority of procellariiforms nest once a year and do so seasonally. Some tropical shearwaters, like the
1384:
1257:
1218:
1209:
653:
469:
3712:
A Wildlife Guide to Chile: Continental Chile, Chilean Antarctica, Easter Island, Juan Fernandez Archipelago
3539:
1324:
1041:, at 20 g (0.71 oz) with a 32-centimetre (13-inch) wingspan, and the smallest of the prions, the
7571:
7498:
6232:
6044:
5994:
3445:
Bretagnolle, Vincent (1993). "Adaptive significance of seabird coloration: The case of Procellariiforms".
1968:
1856:
to the remote breeding colonies threaten all types of procellariiform. These principally take the form of
1831:
1805:
1680:
1575:
1185:
1052:
The order has a few unifying characteristics, starting with their tubular nasal passage which is used for
700:
661:
7609:
3259:
2843:
Maynard, B. J. (2003). "Shearwaters, petrels, and fulmars (procellariidae)". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
2811:
1408:
When the female returns and lays, incubation is shared between the sexes, with the male taking the first
7794:
7461:
6069:
811:
704:
464:
5205:
5107:
5061:
5015:
4926:
3258:
Van Den, Berg A.B.; Smeenk, C.; Bosman, C.A.W.; Haase, B.J.M.; Van Der, Niet A.M.; Cadée, G.C. (1990).
127:
7636:
4551:"Significance of stomach oil for reproduction in seabirds: An interspecies cross-fostering experiment"
3685:"Biogeography of Procellariiform foraging strategies: does ocean productivity influence provisioning?"
3057:
2935:"A petrel-like bird from the late Eocene of Louisiana: Earliest record of the order Procellariiformes"
1467:
of the prey items. As an energy source for chicks it has several advantages over undigested prey, its
7845:
7773:
7657:
7470:
6697:
5641:
5588:
5414:
5323:
4394:
4330:
4234:
3823:
3212:
3130:
2972:
2886:
2578:
2376:
2293:"Evolution of modern birds revealed by mitogenomics: Timing the radiation and origin of major orders"
2082:
1951:
Exploitation has decreased in importance as a threat. Other threats include the ingestion of plastic
1528:
1392:
1312:
of birds returning to the same nest sites is high in all species studied, with around 91 percent for
1297:
1248:
941:
which annually migrates from its breeding grounds in New Zealand and Chile to the North Pacific off
7812:
6227:
6119:
6059:
6004:
5784:
2847:. Vol. 8 Birds I Tinamous and Ratites to Hoatzins (2 ed.). Gale Group. pp. 123â127.
2503:. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 118.
2135:
1944:
1801:
1339:
1328:
1034:
611:
400:
7363:
7010:
6074:
6034:
5999:
5476:
5163:
4977:
4973:
4709:
4680:
4627:
4572:
4173:
4127:
3909:
3759:
3575:
3520:
3478:
3462:
3201:"Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer"
3177:
2998:
2602:
2291:
Pacheco, M.A.; Battistuzzi, F.U.; Lentino, M.; Aguilar, R.F.; Kumar, S.; Escalante, A.A. (2011).
2237:
2187:
Latin Names Explained. A Guide to the Scientific Classifications of Reptiles, Birds & Mammals
2106:
1853:
1601:
1558:
1368:
1261:
1136:
Most albatrosses and procellariids use two techniques to minimise exertion while flying, namely,
1069:
1038:
850:, have to fly over 100 mi (160 km) to get to the ocean from their breeding colonies in
672:
436:
424:
199:
139:
5398:
Tasker, M.L.; Camphuysen, C.J.; Cooper, J.; Garthe, S.; Montevecchi, W.A.; Blaber, S.J. (2000).
5272:
1313:
1068:. In contrast, surface nesting Procellariiformes have increased vision, having six times better
7799:
7356:
4321:
Genevois, F.; Bretagnolle, V. (1994). "Male Blue Petrels reveal their body mass when calling".
2956:
Worthy, Trevor; Tennyson, Alan J. D.; Jones, C.; McNamara, James A.; Douglas, Barry J. (2007).
1173:; the only exception to this rule are the two species of giant petrel, which regularly feed on
459:
7840:
7781:
7644:
7083:
7033:
6176:
6166:
6109:
5909:
5904:
5748:
5730:
5712:
5614:
5555:"Plastic ingestion by Laysan Albatross chicks on Sand Island, Midway Atoll, in 1994 and 1995."
5399:
5380:
4649:
4594:
4479:
4056:
4048:
3941:
3796:
3745:
3716:
3710:
3665:
3657:
3616:
3567:
3559:
3470:
3427:
3419:
3386:
Gagliardo, A.; Bried, J.; Lambardi, P.; Luschi, P.; Wikelski, M.; Bonadonna, F. (2013-08-01).
3368:
3360:
3240:
3158:
3063:
3036:
2848:
2820:
2790:
2768:
2647:
2594:
2544:
2476:
2410:
2325:
2190:
2165:
2098:
2043:
2033:
2001:
1964:
1939:
1847:
1839:
1557:
turned to the imagery of subantarctic avifauna to describe Russian society's attitudes to the
1332:
1292:
983:
955:
625:
377:
214:
5521:
3684:
1900:, have already been completely exterminated, and others appear to be in danger of extinction.
7786:
7724:
7436:
7002:
6144:
5816:
5684:
5676:
5649:
5604:
5596:
5466:
5458:
5422:
5370:
5362:
5331:
5200:
5153:
5145:
5102:
5056:
5010:
4921:
4792:
4763:
4701:
4619:
4562:
4402:
4338:
4273:
4242:
4165:
4119:
4029:
3901:
3865:
3831:
3788:
3647:
3606:
3551:
3512:
3454:
3409:
3399:
3350:
3230:
3220:
3148:
3138:
2988:
2980:
2894:
2758:
2748:
2715:
2682:
2637:
2586:
2534:
2466:
2456:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2315:
2307:
2229:
2213:
2090:
1956:
1860:; most albatross and petrel species are clumsy on land and unable to defend themselves from
1797:
1742:
1610:, being a sacred manifestation of the ancestors, and quite possibly also the sacred bird of
1437:
1421:
1409:
1189:
1057:
1056:. Procellariiformes that nest in burrows have a strong sense of smell, being able to detect
938:
885:
843:
759:
412:
339:
274:
4532:
2737:"An unbiased molecular approach using 3âČ-UTRs resolves the avian family-level tree of life"
1244:
7685:
7542:
7423:
7234:
7062:
6532:
6054:
6039:
5977:
5876:
5804:
5561:
5301:
4810:
4692:
Mclean, Mervyn (1982). "A Chronological and Geographical Sequence of Maori Flute Scales".
4427:
4357:
3634:
Mitkus, Mindaugas; Nevitt, Gabrielle A.; Danielsen, Johannis; Kelber, Almut (2016-11-01).
2539:
2518:
1935:
1877:
1793:
1746:
1719:
1704:
1396:
1137:
1122:
987:
855:
331:
108:
7623:
5495:
5182:
5084:
5038:
4992:
4903:
2333:
1662:
1593:
5645:
5592:
5568:, G. Robinson and R. Gales (eds.). Surrey Beatty & Sons: Chipping Norton. pp. 239â44
5418:
5327:
4430:. Version 2007.1. Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Bird Banding Laboratory. Laurel MD.
4398:
4334:
4238:
3827:
3216:
3134:
2976:
2890:
2582:
2380:
2086:
1573:
name is applied in Russian (it, in fact, is known in Russian as an entirely un-romantic
1037:, at 11 kg (24 lb) and a 3.6-metre (12-foot) wingspan, to tiny birds like the
903:
are almost as widespread as the procellariids, and fall into two distinct families; the
7559:
7547:
7479:
7453:
7344:
7274:
7226:
7160:
7099:
7054:
7041:
6915:
6878:
6729:
6503:
6340:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6064:
6049:
5944:
5939:
5919:
5914:
5896:
5844:
5777:
5375:
5350:
5253:
Flood (2003). "The New Zealand storm-petrel is not extinct, it was last seen in 2003".
4610:
Lasky, E (1992). "A modern day albatross: The Valdez and some of life's other spills".
4292:
3738:
3235:
3200:
2916:
2763:
2736:
2553:
2471:
2444:
2405:
2320:
1821:
1789:
1738:
1627:
1553:, which literally means 'the announcer of the storm'. When in 1901, the Russian writer
1544:
1501:
1154:
1100:
1090:
1065:
979:
934:
867:
778:
751:
561:
388:
347:
234:
230:
5653:
4796:
4726:
Hor Osterlund, Holy MĆlÄ«: Albatross and Other Ancestors, Oregon State University Press
4420:
4033:
3153:
3114:
7829:
7282:
7266:
7189:
7181:
7015:
6813:
6663:
6550:
6508:
6308:
6300:
6222:
6186:
6104:
6028:
5722:
5680:
5496:"A review of four successful recovery programmes for threatened sub-tropical petrels"
5335:
5191:
5093:
5047:
5001:
4953:
4912:
4828:
4668:
3555:
3482:
2110:
1734:
1676:
1658:
1631:
1566:
1363:
1273:
1265:
1201:
1141:
922:
763:
703:
studies found the family Oceantidae containing the austral storm petrels as the most
70:
4768:
4751:
4260:
Jouventin, P.; de Monicault, G.; Blosseville, J.M. (1981). "La danse de l'albatros,
3579:
3002:
2819:. Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 258â271.
2498:
2217:
2169:
937:
strategies. Some species undertake regular trans-equatorial migrations, such as the
7649:
7535:
7368:
7112:
6957:
6773:
6611:
6559:
6431:
6392:
6161:
6149:
6139:
6129:
5826:
5522:"Obstruction and starvation associated with plastic ingestion in a Northern Gannet
5471:
5158:
4192:
4147:"Genetic evidence for philopatry in a colonially nesting seabird, the Fairy Prion (
2606:
2357:
2070:
1771:
1712:
1692:
1540:
1471:
value is around 9.6 kcal per gram, which is only slightly lower than the value for
1433:
1288:
1269:
1205:
1145:
1118:
963:
908:
900:
893:
892:
with some temperate species. The majority of the fulmarine petrels, along with the
889:
790:
771:
767:
744:
708:
688:
545:
407:
that are formed over several years and may last for the life of the pair. A single
351:
254:
242:
5294:
4948:
4752:"Human exploitation of seabirds in coastal southern Chile during the mid-Holocene"
4381:
Robertson, C.J.R. (1993). "Survival and longevity of the Northern Royal Albatross
4342:
3851:"Aerodynamics and hydrodynamics of the 'hovering' flight of Wilson's Storm Petrel"
3498:"Olfaction in subantarctic seabirds: Its phylogenetic and ecological significance"
2362:"Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds"
3635:
7750:
7706:
7603:
7503:
7173:
7020:
6826:
6805:
6794:
6759:
6626:
6616:
6574:
6465:
6332:
6134:
5959:
5954:
5886:
5871:
5839:
4145:
Ovenden, J.R.; Wust-Saucy, A.; Bywater, R.; Brothers, N.; White, R.W.G. (1991).
3850:
1813:
1711:. Albatrosses and petrels are also now tourist draws in some locations, such as
1666:
1554:
1472:
1452:
1445:
1379:
1355:
1213:
1179:
1086:
1042:
917:
904:
802:
737:
726:
715:
671:, the tubenoses were included in a greatly enlarged order "Ciconiiformes". This
522:
499:
381:
246:
238:
45:
7554:
3792:
3205:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
1838:
The principal threat to the albatrosses and larger species of procellariids is
1726:
exhibited twenty-four , in a large dish, at one of the evening meetings of the
7290:
7152:
7091:
7070:
6902:
6886:
6821:
6766:
6738:
6670:
6635:
6513:
6361:
6196:
6171:
5929:
4453:
4246:
3779:
Hughes, M.R. (2003). "Regulation of salt gland, gut and kidney interactions".
3091:
2984:
2704:"Seabird supertrees: combining partial estimates of Procellariiform phylogeny"
2494:
2139:
1973:
1927:
1723:
1654:
1588:
Various tubenose birds are relevant to the mythologies and oral traditions of
1284:
1277:
1126:
872:
851:
770:) are a varied group of small or medium-sized seabirds, the largest being the
755:
432:
396:
90:
55:
3661:
3563:
3423:
3364:
2753:
415:
and chick rearing. Incubation times are long compared to other birds, as are
7670:
7445:
7250:
7205:
6994:
6787:
6704:
6688:
6677:
6587:
6523:
6482:
6181:
5982:
5969:
5949:
5849:
4518:"The incidence, function and ecological significance of petrel stomach oils"
4277:
3225:
3143:
2642:
2625:
2590:
2388:
2311:
2047:
1960:
1889:
1869:
1827:
1589:
1464:
1451:
The chick is fed by both parents. Chicks are fed on fish, squid, krill, and
1429:
1305:
1053:
912:
881:
859:
816:
806:
782:
730:
440:
404:
343:
156:
95:
7594:
7392:
5618:
5427:
5384:
5366:
4644:
Carboneras, C. (1992) "Family Hydrobatidae (Storm-petrels)" pp. 258â265 in
3835:
3800:
3669:
3620:
3571:
3474:
3431:
3372:
3268:
and other seabirds in the northern Indian Ocean in JuneâJuly 1984 and 1985"
3244:
3162:
2899:
2874:
2772:
2720:
2703:
2651:
2598:
2480:
2461:
2414:
2329:
2102:
1416:
1177:
or other seabirds while on land. While some other species of fulmarine and
962:
breed in the western Pacific and migrates to the western Indian Ocean, and
809:. Diving petrels occurred in the Miocene, with a species from that family (
5494:
Carlile, N.; Proiddel, D.; Zino, F.; Natividad, C.; Wingate, D.B. (2003).
5351:"How slow breeding can be selected in seabirds: Testing Lack's hypothesis"
2548:
7588:
7218:
6948:
6923:
6869:
6780:
6752:
6642:
6606:
6598:
6580:
6475:
6460:
6444:
6191:
6154:
5987:
4362:(PhD thesis). University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. pp. 90â91
3059:
World Atlas of Biodiversity: earth's living resources in the 21st century
2027:
1977:
1885:
1857:
1671:
1401:
1395:, are able to nest on cycles slightly shorter than a year, and the large
1348:
1344:
1170:
1130:
1081:
1061:
991:
877:
444:
408:
176:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
17:
5609:
3870:
3414:
2687:
2666:
2418:
2185:
Gotch, A. F. (1995) . "Albatrosses, Fulmars, Shearwaters, and Petrels".
2094:
1089:, which they can project some distance. This stomach oil, stored in the
7698:
7128:
6981:
6860:
6745:
6711:
6649:
6470:
6324:
6316:
6009:
5881:
5866:
5856:
5689:
5600:
5480:
5167:
4713:
4576:
4177:
4131:
3913:
3652:
3524:
3466:
3404:
3387:
3355:
3338:
2396:
2241:
1952:
1923:
1915:
1779:
was considered extinct for 150 years before being rediscovered in 2003.
1614:. The storm petrel features prominently in the "Origin of Birds" myth.
1611:
1606:
1468:
1301:
1174:
1094:
1046:
786:
718:
680:
369:
362:
in English, procellariiforms are often referred to collectively as the
335:
100:
75:
5769:
4631:
4406:
3744:(First ed.). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp. 29â31.
3611:
3594:
3115:"Probable extirpation of a breeding colony of Short-tailed Albatross (
3031:
Double, D.C. (2003). "Procellariiformes". In Hutchins, Michael (ed.).
2993:
7711:
7258:
7197:
6973:
6965:
6894:
6834:
6718:
6656:
6539:
6206:
6201:
6079:
3595:"Evidence for nest-odour recognition in two species of diving petrel"
2934:
1861:
1816:
has rarely been seen since its discovery. The breeding colony of the
1809:
1804:. Only one species is thought to have become extinct since 1600, the
1657:. Some cultures continue to harvest shearwaters (a practice known as
1646:
1532:
1359:
1149:
1114:
995:
967:
946:
798:
789:) is an extinct group that had narrow beaks and feet with wide, flat
419:
periods. Once a chick has fledged there is no further parental care.
416:
392:
364:
166:
7565:
5765:
The Agreement for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP)
5462:
5273:"Bermuda Petrel returns to Nonsuch Island (Bermuda) after 400 years"
5149:
4705:
4567:
4169:
4123:
4051:. In Mason, R.T.; Lemaster, Michael P.; MĂŒller-Schwarze, D. (eds.).
3905:
3516:
2233:
7675:
4623:
3458:
2958:"Miocene waterfowl and other birds from central Otago, New Zealand"
7144:
6931:
6494:
4077:
2174:(in German). Vol. 2. Amsterdam: T. van Holkema. p. 1566.
1909:
1826:
1770:
1650:
1621:
1597:
1492:
1460:
1415:
1378:
1323:
1099:
1077:
1020:
942:
629:
458:
4550:
2667:"Fifty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's
1846:
lines set out by long-line fisheries. Before 1991 and the ban on
7662:
7120:
6487:
6450:
6420:
5834:
5800:
3062:. University of California Press. pp. 128â129 (Table 6.7).
1998:
The Behaviour, Population, Biology and Physiology of the Petrels
1843:
1745:, saysâ'No bird is of so much use to the islanders as this: the
1441:
1073:
863:
676:
428:
186:
7569:
7396:
6284:
5773:
2032:. Paul Martinson. Wellington, N.Z.: Te Papa Press. p. 38.
1108:
moves across the water's surface in a series of bounding leaps.
998:
to Skokholm, a distance of 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometres) in 12
7242:
6099:
5861:
1873:
1865:
1456:
1169:
The procellariiforms are for the most part exclusively marine
1148:
share a morphological adaptation to aid in flight, a sheet of
970:
migrate to the coast of Japan during the non-breeding season.
815:) being described in 2007. The most numerous fossils from the
319:
298:
4101:"Natal Philopatry and Close Inbreeding in Cory's Shearwater (
2218:"Saunders and Salvin's Catalogue of the Gaviae and Tubinares"
1221:
have been recorded diving to 70 m (230 ft) and the
5553:
Auman, H.J., Ludwig, J.P., Giesy, J.P., Colborn, T., (1997)
1914:
This albatross bolus found in the Hawaiian Islands includes
1308:
between different colonies, strongly suggesting philopatry.
313:
4549:
Roby, Daniel D.; Taylor, Jan R.E.; Place, Allen R. (1997).
3816:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B
3736:
Ehrlich, Paul R.; Dobkin, David, S.; Wheye, Darryl (1988).
301:
289:
4681:"The Song of the Stormy Petrel", Translation by Sally Ryan
4589:
Carboneras, C. (1992) "Family Diomedeidae (Albatross)" in
4078:"Some dynamics of a breeding colony of Laysan Albatrosses"
1892:
mammals into their breeding haunts, some species, such as
1640:, showing men exploiting birds nesting on sea cliffs, 1804
624:
The order was named Procellariiformes by German anatomist
283:
1251:
are one of the surface-nesting tropical procellariiforms.
911:
are found mostly in the Northern Hemisphere. Amongst the
451:, a legally binding international treaty signed in 2001.
307:
7509:
Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels
4193:"Faithfulness to mate and nest site of Bulwer's Petrel,
449:
Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels
5520:
Pierce, K.; Harris, R.; Larned, L.; Pokras, M. (2004).
1539:
In the Russian language, many petrel species from the
1527:, which in turn gave rise to the usage of albatross as
933:
The various species within the order have a variety of
907:
have a mostly Southern Hemisphere distribution and the
5764:
5229:"Critically endangered NZ storm petrel found breeding"
4099:
Rabouam, C.; Thibault, J.-C.; Bretagnolle, V. (1998).
3094:. Teara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. pp. 1â5
1432:, having open eyes, a dense covering of white or grey
1072:
than those that nest in burrows. The structure of the
994:. In release experiments, a Manx shearwater flew from
7519:
5747:. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
5444:"The Present State of the Ornis of Guadaloupe Island"
5131:"The Present State of the Ornis of Guadaloupe Island"
2815:. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.).
1741:, speaking of those which breed on, or inhabit, the
1547:
families of the order Procellariiformes are known as
322:
310:
286:
3289:
Seto, N. W. H.; O'Daniel, D. (1999). "Bonin Petrel (
1926:
of islands; introduced rabbits destroyed the forest
295:
280:
277:
7578:
7491:
7434:
7217:
7172:
7111:
7082:
7053:
7032:
6993:
6956:
6947:
6914:
6877:
6868:
6859:
6804:
6728:
6687:
6625:
6597:
6573:
6549:
6522:
6443:
6430:
6391:
6360:
6299:
6215:
6118:
6018:
5968:
5895:
5825:
4456:. Teara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. p. 2
2939:
Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington
2804:
2802:
1033:Procellariiforms range in size from the very large
316:
292:
5206:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697935A132613365.en
5108:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698310A132397831.en
5062:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698062A132622973.en
5016:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698049A131879320.en
4927:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698436A132646007.en
4859:. Aberdeen Library Special Collections and Museums
4834:A History of British Birds, volume II, Water Birds
3737:
3496:Lequette, B.; Verheyden, C.; Jowentin, P. (1989).
2915:
2810:
1824:had been considered extinct for nearly 300 years.
5745:Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World
4525:Proceedings of the New Zealand Ecological Society
1280:are surface nesters, as are all the albatrosses.
4476:The Petrels â Their Ecology and Breeding Systems
4293:"Courtship behaviour of the Wandering Albatross
3683:Baduini, Cheryl L.; Hyrenbach, K. David (2003).
3297:. Philadelphia, PA: The Birds of North America.
3123:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1882:
1029:is one of the largest of the Procellariiformes.
797:Fossils of a bird similar to a petrel from the
4817:. Vol. III. John Van Voorst. p. 525.
3337:Dell'Ariccia, G.; Bonadonna, F. (2013-04-15).
3056:Groombridge, Brian; Jenkins, Martin D (2002).
1767:Introduced mammals on seabird breeding islands
1669:use a sustainable traditional method known as
1596:used the wing bones of the albatross to carve
1569:" in English is not one of those to which the
7408:
5785:
2702:Kennedy, Martyn; Page, Roderic D. M. (2002).
1905:Frederick Du Cane Godman, 1910, vol 1, p. 14.
1722:wrote in 1843 that "ten or twelve years ago,
660:, five fascicles, 1907â1910, with figures by
8:
3764:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2266:A Monograph of the Petrels (Order Tubinares)
2189:. New York, NY: Facts on File. p. 190.
376:across the world's oceans, with the highest
4010:
4008:
3940:. Princeton University Press. p. 188.
3715:. Princeton University Press. p. 149.
3119:) on Bermuda by Pleistocene sea-level rise"
2519:"Body size effects and rates of cytochrome
1938:, which increased the vulnerability of the
925:are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere.
896:, are confined to the Southern Hemisphere.
304:
7566:
7415:
7401:
7393:
6953:
6874:
6865:
6856:
6594:
6440:
6427:
6388:
6384:
6357:
6296:
6292:
6281:
6277:
5792:
5778:
5770:
4511:
4509:
3887:"Flight behavior of the Procellariiformes"
3538:Buskirk, R. W. Van; Nevitt, G. A. (2008).
3308:
3306:
3304:
3180:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
2838:
2836:
2563:
2561:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
1272:. The fulmarine petrels and some tropical
118:
31:
5688:
5608:
5470:
5426:
5374:
5204:
5157:
5106:
5060:
5014:
4925:
4767:
4566:
4447:
4445:
4421:Longevity Records of North American Birds
4049:"The Sense of Smell in Procellariiformes"
3869:
3781:Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A
3651:
3610:
3413:
3403:
3354:
3234:
3224:
3152:
3142:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
2992:
2898:
2762:
2752:
2719:
2686:
2641:
2538:
2470:
2460:
2404:
2319:
2208:
2206:
1049:is predominantly black, white, and grey.
262:4 extant families, 26 genera, 147 species
5709:Albatrosses And Petrels Across The World
5400:"The impacts of fishing on marine birds"
4291:Pickering, S.P.C.; Berrow, S.D. (2001).
2618:
2616:
2258:
2256:
2254:
1922:Introduced herbivores may unbalance the
1687:, and until the late 1980s residents of
1243:
1093:, is a digestive residue created in the
564:â petrels and shearwaters (100 species)
372:(feeding in the open ocean), and have a
7526:
5711:. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
5275:. BirdLife International. 24 March 2008
4853:"Dividing the Catch of Fulmar St Kilda"
4047:Cunningham, G.B.; Nevitt, G.A. (2005).
2868:
2866:
2864:
2263:Godman, Frederick Du Cane (1907â1910).
1989:
1268:are cavity nesters, as are many of the
834:List of Procellariiformes by population
3757:
2512:
2510:
1331:performing their mating dances on the
866:. The most cosmopolitan family is the
616:International Ornithological Committee
548:â northern storm petrels (18 species)
5227:Mason, Cassandra (25 February 2013).
2812:"Family Hydrobatidae (Storm-petrels)"
2540:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025864
2497:; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1979).
2146:. International Ornithologists' Union
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
1972:are attracted to the streetlights on
1283:Procellariiforms show high levels of
1121:within the kidneys, and secretion of
525:â austral storm petrels (10 species)
7:
7774:49359001-546a-4c35-b5ce-05cbf8cc9793
7351:
5349:Dobson, F.S.; Jouventin, P. (2007).
4452:Wilson, Kerry-Jayne (13 July 2012).
3090:Wilson, Kerry-Jayne (13 July 2012).
2933:Feduccia, A.; McPherson, B. (1993).
1604:, Laysan albatrosses are considered
1498:The Albatross about my Neck was Hung
431:, with many species threatened with
7375:
5293:BirdLife International/RSPB (2005)
5192:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5094:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5048:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
5002:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4954:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4913:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
4756:Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
3295:The Birds of North America, No. 385
2965:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1428:Upon hatching, the chicks are semi-
614:and David Donsker on behalf of the
538:
515:
492:
484:
439:in their breeding colonies, marine
5566:Albatross Biology and Conservation
5355:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
4053:Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 10
3113:Olson, S.L.; Hearty, P.J. (2003).
3033:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
2845:Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia
2817:Handbook of the Birds of the World
2669:Check-list of North American Birds
2443:D.; Gu, W.; Nam, K. (2014-12-12).
2269:. London: Witherby. Archived from
1217:came as a surprise to scientists;
25:
6253:Late Quaternary prehistoric birds
4750:Simeone, A.; Navarro, X. (2002).
3293:)". In Poole A.; Gill, F (eds.).
2918:The Origin and Evolution of Birds
2523:evolution in tube-nosed seabirds"
1884:Owing to the introduction of the
858:breed on the northeastern tip of
628:in 1888. The word comes from the
7553:
7541:
7529:
7374:
7362:
7350:
7339:
7338:
7229:(New World vultures and condors)
5681:10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00925.x
4837:(revised ed.). p. 226.
4648:Vol 1. Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,
4593:Vol 1. Barcelona:Lynx Edicions,
4323:Ethology Ecology & Evolution
3556:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2007.01465.x
2500:Check-List of Birds of the World
2144:IOC World Bird List Version 14.1
1463:that are the residue created by
982:carried out early research into
686:The diving petrels in the genus
273:
143:
7851:Extant Eocene first appearances
5743:Onley, D.; Scofield P. (2007).
5295:Save the Albatross: The Problem
5181:BirdLife International (2018).
5083:BirdLife International (2018).
5037:BirdLife International (2018).
4991:BirdLife International (2018).
4902:BirdLife International (2018).
4769:10.4067/S0716-078X2002000200012
3858:Journal of Experimental Biology
3640:Journal of Experimental Biology
3599:Journal of Experimental Biology
3544:Journal of Evolutionary Biology
3392:Journal of Experimental Biology
3343:Journal of Experimental Biology
3178:"Pelecanoididae diving petrels"
2741:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2527:Molecular Biology and Evolution
2300:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1524:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
1511:The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
793:, especially on the fourth toe.
5442:Thayer, J.; Bangs, O. (1908).
5407:ICES Journal of Marine Science
5129:Thayer, J.; Bangs, O. (1908).
4737:"Origin of Birds | NZETC"
4646:Handbook of Birds of the World
4591:Handbook of Birds of the World
4297:at Bird Island, South Georgia"
3979:West, J.; Nilsson, R. (1994).
3317:. Pan Books. pp. 114â117.
2517:Nunn, G.; Stanley, S. (1998).
1:
5654:10.1016/S0006-3207(01)00207-5
4797:10.1016/S0261-5177(98)00054-5
4343:10.1080/08927014.1994.9522988
4034:10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00178-2
2026:Tennyson, Alan J. D. (2006).
1582:The Song of the Stormy Petrel
1371:, a female Laysan albatross.
1223:Light-mantled sooty albatross
1208:. There have been records of
1188:takes mostly fish, while the
990:that nested on the island of
7886:Taxa named by Max FĂŒrbringer
7876:Pleistocene taxonomic orders
5336:10.1016/0006-3207(91)90031-4
5185:Pseudobulweria macgillivrayi
4383:Diomedea epomophora sanfordi
3176:Cholewiak, Danielle (2012).
2029:Extinct birds of New Zealand
1459:composed of neutral dietary
862:, the northernmost piece of
838:The procellariiforms have a
443:and the danger of fisheries
7293:(woodpeckers and relatives)
4385:at Taiaroa Head" 1937â93".
4356:McKown, Matthew W. (2008).
3313:Lockley, Ronald M. (1967).
1320:Pair bonds and life history
1256:million-strong colonies of
1225:to 12 m (39 ft).
502:â albatrosses (21 species)
7902:
7861:Oligocene taxonomic orders
7155:(cormorants and relatives)
6248:Extinct species since 1500
4857:GB 0231 MS 3792/C7187 6188
4815:A History of British Birds
3793:10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.09.005
2000:. London: Academic Press,
1764:
1695:harvested the eggs of the
1675:. In Alaska, residents of
1637:A History of British Birds
1387:chick with guarding parent
1235:Seabird breeding behaviour
1232:
1117:ion reabsorption into the
884:distribution, whereas the
831:
828:Distribution and movements
7881:Holocene taxonomic orders
7871:Pliocene taxonomic orders
7457:(Shearwaters and petrels)
7334:
7285:(kingfishers and rollers)
7139:(albatrosses and petrels)
7023:(swifts and hummingbirds)
7005:(nightjars and relatives)
6855:
6829:(pheasants and relatives)
6387:
6356:
6295:
6291:
6280:
6276:
5812:
5526:and a Greater Shearwater
5199:: e.T22697935A132613365.
5101:: e.T22698310A132397831.
5055:: e.T22698062A132622973.
5009:: e.T22698049A131879320.
4920:: e.T22698436A132646007.
4849:Wilson, George Washington
4419:Klimkiewicz, M. K. 2007.
4247:10.1080/00063659409477193
4055:. Springer. p. 403.
3969:Brooke, 2004. pp. 128â131
3936:Hilty, Steven L. (2002).
2985:10.1017/S1477201906001957
1854:Exotic species introduced
1375:Nesting and chick rearing
840:cosmopolitan distribution
559:
543:
536:
520:
513:
497:
490:
374:cosmopolitan distribution
260:
253:
227:
222:
140:Scientific classification
138:
126:
117:
34:
7866:Miocene taxonomic orders
7184:(seriemas and relatives)
7163:(pelicans and relatives)
5304:Retrieved March 17, 2006
4478:London: Academic Press.
3709:Chester, Sharon (2010).
2922:. Yale University Press.
2785:Tickell, W.L.N. (2000).
2138:, eds. (December 2023).
1963:. Some species, such as
1818:New Zealand storm petrel
1777:New Zealand storm petrel
1761:Threats and conservation
1751:George Washington Wilson
1681:short-tailed albatrosses
1484:Relationship with humans
1219:short-tailed shearwaters
1210:wedge-tailed shearwaters
1159:white-faced storm petrel
1106:white-faced storm petrel
1027:southern royal albatross
669:Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy
658:Monograph of the Petrels
474:Monograph of the Petrels
7856:Eocene taxonomic orders
7474:(Austral storm petrels)
7465:(Northern storm petrels
7277:(hornbills and hoopoes)
7192:(falcons and relatives)
5634:Biological Conservation
5472:2027/hvd.32044072250186
5316:Biological Conservation
5159:2027/hvd.32044072250186
5087:Diomedea amsterdamensis
4949:"Puffinus tenuirostris"
4892:Cocker, 2005. pp. 12â18
4671:, Friday, Jun. 25, 1965
4531:: 84â93. Archived from
4278:10.1163/156853981X00257
4022:Biological Conservation
3994:: 27â37. Archived from
3447:The American Naturalist
3327:Cocker, 2005. pp. 21â24
3226:10.1073/pnas.0603715103
3144:10.1073/pnas.1934576100
2809:Carboneras, C. (1992).
2591:10.1126/science.1157704
2569:evolutionary history".
2389:10.1126/science.1253451
1786:short-tailed shearwater
1718:The English naturalist
1701:Diomedea chlororhynchos
1697:Yellow-nosed Mollymawks
1519:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1385:wedge-tailed shearwater
960:Swinhoe's storm petrels
801:have been found in the
654:Frederick DuCane Godman
348:petrels and shearwaters
7499:List of Procellariidae
7261:(trogons and quetzals)
7073:(cranes and relatives)
6343:(emus and cassowaries)
6233:Glossary of bird terms
6045:Confuciusornithiformes
5428:10.1006/jmsc.2000.0714
5367:10.1098/rspb.2006.3724
4191:Mouguin, J-L. (1996).
4076:Fisher, H. I. (1976).
3849:Withers, P.C. (1979).
3836:10.1098/rstb.1982.0158
2971:(1): 1â39 (see p. 8).
2900:10.1002/mmng.200900003
2754:10.1093/molbev/msaa191
2462:10.1186/2047-217X-3-27
2140:"Petrels, albatrosses"
1919:
1908:
1894:Oestrelata jamaicensis
1835:
1832:Black-browed albatross
1806:Guadalupe storm petrel
1780:
1641:
1514:
1425:
1388:
1335:
1252:
1186:black-footed albatross
1144:. The albatrosses and
1109:
1030:
848:Thalassoica antarctica
701:molecular phylogenetic
662:John Gerrard Keulemans
477:
395:. They exhibit strong
350:, and two families of
7795:Paleobiology Database
7102:(kagu and sunbittern)
7065:(gulls and relatives)
6070:Songlingornithiformes
6035:Omnivoropterygiformes
5729:. Chatto and Windus.
3988:Notornis (Supplement)
3885:Erickson, J. (1955).
2914:Feduccia, A. (1996).
2873:Mayr, Gerald (2009).
2643:10.1093/sysbio/syx041
2312:10.1093/molbev/msr014
1913:
1834:hooked on a long-line
1830:
1802:Amsterdam albatrosses
1784:individuals) and the
1774:
1625:
1529:metaphor for a burden
1496:
1419:
1382:
1354:Procellariiforms are
1338:Procellariiforms are
1329:Wandering albatrosses
1327:
1258:Leach's storm petrels
1249:Christmas shearwaters
1247:
1103:
1024:
1017:Morphology and flight
952:Wilson's storm petrel
812:Pelecanoides miokuaka
465:Pterodroma macroptera
462:
387:Procellariiforms are
6924:Phoenicopteriformes
5725:; Mabey, R. (2005).
5581:Conservation Biology
4851:(2 December 1901) .
4223:Calonectris diomedea
4103:Calonectris diomedea
3960:Brooke, 2004. p. 127
3926:Brooke, 2004. p. 126
3740:The Birders Handbook
3605:(Pt 20): 3719â3722.
3291:Pterodroma hypoleuca
3117:Phoebastria albatrus
2747:(msaa191): 108â127.
2721:10.1093/auk/119.1.88
1737:wrote in 1804 that "
1661:); for example, the
1521:'s famous 1798 poem
1393:Christmas shearwater
437:introduced predators
338:that comprises four
132:Thalassarche bulleri
6895:Mesitornithiformes
6889:(doves and pigeons)
6223:Families and orders
6085:Ichthyornithiformes
6060:Patagopterygiformes
5707:Brooke, M. (2004).
5646:2002BCons.105...93L
5593:2017ConBi..31..986R
5419:2000ICJMS..57..531T
5328:1991BCons..55..255B
4995:Pterodroma magentae
4906:Oceanites oceanicus
4878:Fisher, J. (1952).
4612:The English Journal
4516:Warham, J. (1976).
4503:Brooke, 2004. p. 75
4494:Brooke, 2004. p. 67
4454:"Petrels: Breeding"
4439:Brooke, 2004. p. 46
4399:1993EmuAO..93..269R
4335:1994EtEcE...6..377G
4239:1994BirdS..41...25T
4197:at Selvagem Grande"
3871:10.1242/jeb.80.1.83
3828:1982RSPTB.300...75P
3264:, Jouanin's petrel
3217:2006PNAS..10312799S
3211:(34): 12799â12802.
3135:2003PNAS..10012825O
3129:(22): 12825â12829.
2977:2007JSPal...5....1W
2891:2009FossR..12..133M
2688:10.1642/AUK-18-62.1
2583:2008Sci...320.1763H
2577:(5884): 1763â1767.
2381:2014Sci...346.1320J
2375:(6215): 1320â1331.
2095:10.1038/nature15697
2087:2015Natur.526..569P
1996:Warham, J. (1996).
1969:Newell's shearwater
1945:Pisonia umbellifera
1932:Cabbage Tree Island
1876:. This phenomenon,
1848:drift-net fisheries
1035:wandering albatross
876:, have a generally
711:to Procellariidae.
612:Pamela C. Rasmussen
403:and form long-term
7237:(eagles and hawks)
7137:Procellariiformes
7042:Opisthocomiformes
7011:Steatornithiformes
6238:List by population
6075:Hongshanornithidae
6000:Evolution of birds
5601:10.1111/cobi.12900
5560:2005-10-30 at the
5537:Marine Ornithology
5503:Marine Ornithology
5300:2013-06-23 at the
5233:New Zealand Herald
5041:Pterodroma madeira
4976:}}: old-form url (
4785:Tourism Management
4665:"A Legend Exhumed"
4474:Warham, J. (1990)
4426:2011-05-19 at the
4304:Marine Ornithology
4204:Marine Ornithology
4018:Oceanodroma castro
3938:Birds of Venezuela
3692:Marine Ornithology
3653:10.1242/jeb.140905
3405:10.1242/jeb.085738
3356:10.1242/jeb.082826
2630:Systematic Biology
2134:; Donsker, David;
1920:
1878:ecological naivete
1836:
1796:, only 130 to 160
1781:
1728:Zoological Society
1642:
1602:Hawaiian mythology
1515:
1500:: 1896 etching by
1426:
1389:
1336:
1298:Cory's shearwaters
1253:
1229:Breeding behaviour
1110:
1070:spatial resolution
1039:least storm petrel
1031:
679:(Gaviiformes) and
488:Procellariiformes
478:
354:. Formerly called
200:Austrodyptornithes
128:Buller's albatross
7836:Procellariiformes
7823:
7822:
7782:Open Tree of Life
7686:procellariiformes
7624:Procellariiformes
7610:Procellariiformes
7580:Procellariiformes
7572:Taxon identifiers
7517:
7516:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7428:Procellariiformes
7390:
7389:
7330:
7329:
7326:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7310:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7123:(loons or divers)
7092:Phaethontiformes
7084:Phaethontimorphae
7034:Opisthocomiformes
7003:Caprimulgiformes
6943:
6942:
6932:Podicipediformes
6851:
6850:
6847:
6846:
6843:
6842:
6569:
6568:
6352:
6351:
6309:Struthioniformes
6177:Waterfowl hunting
6110:Gastornithiformes
6105:Aepyornithiformes
6095:Lithornithiformes
5753:978-0-691-13132-0
5736:978-0-701-16907-7
5361:(1607): 275â279.
4484:978-0-12-735420-0
4407:10.1071/MU9930269
4195:Bulweria bulweria
4149:Pachyptila turtur
3751:978-0-671-65989-9
3646:(21): 3329â3338.
3612:10.1242/jeb.00610
3398:(15): 2798â2805.
3315:Animal Navigation
3262:Pterodroma baraui
3042:978-0-7876-5784-0
2854:978-0-7876-5784-0
2533:(10): 1360â1371.
2196:978-0-8160-3377-5
2136:Rasmussen, Pamela
2081:(7574): 569â573.
2039:978-0-909010-21-8
1840:long-line fishing
1775:The poorly known
1705:sooty albatrosses
1685:Diomedea albatrus
1559:coming revolution
1455:. Stomach oil is
1397:great albatrosses
1383:A semi-precocial
1333:Kerguelen Islands
1293:mitochondrial DNA
1240:Breeding colonies
984:animal navigation
956:Providence petrel
886:fulmarine petrels
844:Antarctic petrels
760:fulmarine petrels
622:
621:
600:
599:
591:
590:
582:
581:
573:
572:
358:and still called
270:Procellariiformes
267:
266:
218:
210:Procellariiformes
112:
35:Procellariiformes
16:(Redirected from
7893:
7816:
7815:
7803:
7802:
7790:
7789:
7777:
7776:
7767:
7766:
7754:
7753:
7751:NBNSYS0000160793
7741:
7740:
7728:
7727:
7715:
7714:
7702:
7701:
7689:
7688:
7679:
7678:
7666:
7665:
7653:
7652:
7640:
7639:
7627:
7626:
7614:
7613:
7612:
7599:
7598:
7597:
7567:
7558:
7557:
7546:
7545:
7534:
7533:
7532:
7525:
7492:Related subjects
7482:
7473:
7464:
7456:
7448:
7417:
7410:
7403:
7394:
7378:
7377:
7366:
7354:
7353:
7342:
7341:
7294:
7286:
7278:
7270:
7267:Leptosomiformes
7262:
7254:
7246:
7238:
7235:Accipitriformes
7230:
7209:
7208:(perching birds)
7201:
7193:
7185:
7164:
7156:
7148:
7140:
7132:
7129:Sphenisciformes
7124:
7103:
7095:
7074:
7066:
7063:Charadriiformes
7045:
7024:
7006:
6985:
6977:
6974:Musophagiformes
6969:
6954:
6935:
6927:
6906:
6898:
6890:
6875:
6866:
6857:
6830:
6817:
6595:
6591:
6584:
6497:
6490:
6454:
6441:
6437:
6428:
6424:
6389:
6385:
6358:
6344:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6312:
6297:
6293:
6282:
6278:
6145:Bird collections
6100:Dinornithiformes
6005:Darwin's finches
5995:Origin of flight
5935:Seabird breeding
5925:Sexual selection
5794:
5787:
5780:
5771:
5740:
5727:Birds Britannica
5695:
5694:
5692:
5664:
5658:
5657:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5612:
5575:
5569:
5551:
5545:
5544:
5534:
5517:
5511:
5510:
5500:
5491:
5485:
5484:
5474:
5448:
5439:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5404:
5395:
5389:
5388:
5378:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5311:
5305:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5280:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5224:
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5208:
5178:
5172:
5171:
5161:
5135:
5126:
5120:
5119:
5117:
5115:
5110:
5080:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5069:
5064:
5034:
5028:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5018:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4929:
4899:
4893:
4890:
4884:
4883:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4845:
4839:
4838:
4825:
4819:
4818:
4811:Yarrell, William
4807:
4801:
4800:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4747:
4741:
4740:
4733:
4727:
4724:
4718:
4717:
4689:
4683:
4678:
4672:
4662:
4656:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4607:
4601:
4587:
4581:
4580:
4570:
4546:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4522:
4513:
4504:
4501:
4495:
4492:
4486:
4472:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4449:
4440:
4437:
4431:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4378:
4372:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4301:
4295:Diomedea exulans
4288:
4282:
4281:
4262:Phoebetria fusca
4257:
4251:
4250:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4201:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4155:
4142:
4136:
4135:
4109:
4096:
4090:
4089:
4073:
4067:
4066:
4044:
4038:
4037:
4012:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3985:
3976:
3970:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3951:
3933:
3927:
3924:
3918:
3917:
3891:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3855:
3846:
3840:
3839:
3822:(1098): 75â106.
3811:
3805:
3804:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3743:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3655:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3590:
3584:
3583:
3535:
3529:
3528:
3502:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3417:
3407:
3383:
3377:
3376:
3358:
3349:(8): 1430â1433.
3334:
3328:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3310:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3260:"Barau's petrel
3255:
3249:
3248:
3238:
3228:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3173:
3167:
3166:
3156:
3146:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3028:
3007:
3006:
2996:
2962:
2953:
2947:
2946:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2870:
2859:
2858:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2814:
2806:
2797:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2766:
2756:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2645:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2565:
2556:
2552:
2542:
2514:
2505:
2504:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2464:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2423:
2417:. Archived from
2408:
2366:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2338:
2332:. Archived from
2323:
2306:(6): 1927â1942.
2297:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2260:
2249:
2248:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2128:
2115:
2114:
2067:
2052:
2051:
2023:
2017:
2014:
2008:
1994:
1980:, respectively.
1957:marine pollution
1906:
1888:and other small
1792:breeding on the
1743:Isle of St Kilda
1709:Phoebetria fusca
1563:storm-announcing
1422:Laysan albatross
1314:Bulwer's petrels
1165:Diet and feeding
1085:their obnoxious
1066:nesting colonies
1058:dimethyl sulfide
1007:
1006:
1002:
988:Manx shearwaters
939:sooty shearwater
856:northern fulmars
539:
516:
493:
485:
480:
479:
329:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
315:
312:
309:
306:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
213:
148:
147:
122:
106:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
7901:
7900:
7896:
7895:
7894:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7826:
7825:
7824:
7819:
7811:
7806:
7798:
7793:
7785:
7780:
7772:
7770:
7762:
7757:
7749:
7744:
7736:
7731:
7723:
7718:
7710:
7705:
7697:
7692:
7684:
7682:
7674:
7669:
7661:
7656:
7648:
7643:
7635:
7630:
7622:
7617:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7593:
7592:
7587:
7574:
7564:
7552:
7540:
7530:
7528:
7520:
7518:
7513:
7487:
7483:(Diomedeoidids)
7430:
7421:
7391:
7386:
7298:
7292:
7284:
7276:
7275:Bucerotiformes
7269:(cuckoo-roller)
7268:
7260:
7252:
7244:
7236:
7228:
7227:Cathartiformes
7213:
7207:
7199:
7198:Psittaciformes
7191:
7183:
7168:
7162:
7161:Pelecaniformes
7154:
7146:
7138:
7130:
7122:
7107:
7101:
7100:Eurypygiformes
7093:
7078:
7072:
7064:
7049:
7043:
7028:
7022:
7004:
6989:
6983:
6975:
6967:
6939:
6933:
6925:
6910:
6904:
6903:Pterocliformes
6896:
6888:
6839:
6828:
6815:
6800:
6724:
6683:
6621:
6586:
6585:
6578:
6577:
6565:
6545:
6518:
6495:
6488:
6448:
6447:
6435:
6434:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6410:
6408:
6406:
6404:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6348:
6342:
6341:Casuariiformes
6334:
6333:Apterygiformes
6326:
6318:
6310:
6287:
6272:
6243:Lists by region
6211:
6121:
6114:
6055:Chaoyangiformes
6040:Jeholornithidae
6014:
5978:Origin of birds
5964:
5945:Brood parasites
5891:
5821:
5808:
5798:
5761:
5737:
5721:
5704:
5699:
5698:
5666:
5665:
5661:
5631:
5630:
5626:
5587:(5): 986â1001.
5577:
5576:
5572:
5562:Wayback Machine
5552:
5548:
5532:
5528:Puffinus gravis
5519:
5518:
5514:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5488:
5463:10.2307/1360977
5446:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5402:
5397:
5396:
5392:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5302:Wayback Machine
5292:
5288:
5278:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5226:
5225:
5221:
5211:
5209:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5150:10.2307/1360977
5133:
5128:
5127:
5123:
5113:
5111:
5082:
5081:
5077:
5067:
5065:
5036:
5035:
5031:
5021:
5019:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4971:
4964:
4962:
4947:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4901:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4877:
4876:
4872:
4862:
4860:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4809:
4808:
4804:
4782:
4781:
4777:
4749:
4748:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4725:
4721:
4706:10.2307/2802105
4691:
4690:
4686:
4679:
4675:
4663:
4659:
4643:
4639:
4609:
4608:
4604:
4588:
4584:
4568:10.2307/4089292
4548:
4547:
4543:
4535:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4507:
4502:
4498:
4493:
4489:
4473:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4443:
4438:
4434:
4428:Wayback Machine
4418:
4414:
4380:
4379:
4375:
4365:
4363:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4299:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4259:
4258:
4254:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4199:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4170:10.2307/4088108
4153:
4144:
4143:
4139:
4124:10.2307/4089209
4107:
4098:
4097:
4093:
4082:Wilson Bulletin
4075:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4046:
4045:
4041:
4014:
4013:
4006:
3998:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3935:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3921:
3906:10.2307/4081455
3889:
3884:
3883:
3879:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3843:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3756:
3752:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3687:
3682:
3681:
3677:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3517:10.2307/1368131
3500:
3495:
3494:
3490:
3444:
3443:
3439:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3311:
3302:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3266:Bulweria fallax
3257:
3256:
3252:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3043:
3030:
3029:
3010:
2960:
2955:
2954:
2950:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2855:
2842:
2841:
2834:
2827:
2808:
2807:
2800:
2784:
2780:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2622:
2621:
2614:
2567:
2566:
2559:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2285:
2276:
2274:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2234:10.2307/4068699
2212:
2211:
2204:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2166:FĂŒrbringer, Max
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2069:
2068:
2055:
2040:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1940:Gould's petrels
1936:New South Wales
1907:
1904:
1794:Chatham Islands
1790:Magenta petrels
1769:
1763:
1720:William Yarrell
1620:
1491:
1489:Role in culture
1486:
1377:
1322:
1289:ringing studies
1242:
1237:
1231:
1167:
1138:dynamic soaring
1123:sodium chloride
1019:
1004:
1000:
999:
976:
931:
836:
830:
825:
716:prehistorically
601:
592:
583:
574:
457:
276:
272:
245:
241:
237:
233:
212:
142:
113:
109:Late Cretaceous
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7899:
7897:
7889:
7888:
7883:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7828:
7827:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7817:
7804:
7791:
7778:
7768:
7755:
7742:
7729:
7716:
7703:
7690:
7680:
7667:
7654:
7641:
7628:
7615:
7600:
7584:
7582:
7576:
7575:
7570:
7563:
7562:
7550:
7538:
7515:
7514:
7512:
7511:
7506:
7501:
7495:
7493:
7489:
7488:
7486:
7485:
7480:Diomedeoididae
7476:
7468:
7459:
7454:Procellariidae
7451:
7442:
7440:
7432:
7431:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7412:
7405:
7397:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7372:
7360:
7348:
7335:
7332:
7331:
7328:
7327:
7324:
7323:
7320:
7319:
7316:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7308:
7307:
7304:
7303:
7300:
7299:
7297:
7296:
7288:
7283:Coraciiformes
7280:
7272:
7264:
7259:Trogoniformes
7256:
7248:
7240:
7232:
7223:
7221:
7215:
7214:
7212:
7211:
7206:Passeriformes
7203:
7195:
7190:Falconiformes
7187:
7182:Cariamiformes
7178:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7158:
7150:
7145:Ciconiiformes
7142:
7134:
7126:
7117:
7115:
7109:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7097:
7088:
7086:
7080:
7079:
7077:
7076:
7068:
7059:
7057:
7055:Cursorimorphae
7051:
7050:
7048:
7047:
7038:
7036:
7030:
7029:
7027:
7026:
7018:
7013:
7008:
6999:
6997:
6991:
6990:
6988:
6987:
6979:
6971:
6962:
6960:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6941:
6940:
6938:
6937:
6929:
6920:
6918:
6916:Mirandornithes
6912:
6911:
6909:
6908:
6900:
6892:
6887:Columbiformes
6883:
6881:
6879:Columbimorphae
6872:
6863:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6840:
6838:
6837:
6832:
6824:
6819:
6814:Meleagridinae
6810:
6808:
6802:
6801:
6799:
6798:
6791:
6784:
6777:
6770:
6763:
6756:
6749:
6742:
6734:
6732:
6730:Odontophoridae
6726:
6725:
6723:
6722:
6715:
6708:
6701:
6693:
6691:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6681:
6674:
6667:
6660:
6653:
6646:
6639:
6631:
6629:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6603:
6601:
6592:
6571:
6570:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6563:
6555:
6553:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6526:
6520:
6519:
6517:
6516:
6511:
6509:Stictonettinae
6506:
6504:Dendrocygninae
6501:
6500:
6499:
6492:
6480:
6479:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6457:
6455:
6438:
6425:
6382:
6354:
6353:
6350:
6349:
6347:
6346:
6338:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6305:
6303:
6289:
6288:
6285:
6274:
6273:
6271:
6270:
6269:
6268:
6263:
6257:Notable birds
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6219:
6217:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6209:
6207:Egg collecting
6204:
6199:
6194:
6189:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6169:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6157:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6132:
6126:
6124:
6116:
6115:
6113:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6090:Hesperornithes
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6065:Ambiortiformes
6062:
6057:
6052:
6050:Enantiornithes
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6024:
6022:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5985:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5893:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5884:
5879:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5842:
5837:
5831:
5829:
5823:
5822:
5820:
5819:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5789:
5782:
5774:
5768:
5767:
5760:
5759:External links
5757:
5756:
5755:
5741:
5735:
5719:
5703:
5700:
5697:
5696:
5675:(2): 299â310.
5659:
5624:
5570:
5546:
5524:Morus bassanus
5512:
5486:
5457:(3): 101â106.
5434:
5413:(3): 531â547.
5390:
5341:
5322:(3): 255â268.
5306:
5286:
5264:
5245:
5219:
5173:
5144:(3): 101â106.
5121:
5075:
5029:
4983:
4940:
4894:
4885:
4870:
4840:
4829:Bewick, Thomas
4820:
4802:
4791:(6): 521â531.
4775:
4762:(2): 423â431.
4742:
4728:
4719:
4700:(1): 123â157.
4684:
4673:
4657:
4637:
4624:10.2307/820195
4602:
4582:
4561:(4): 725â736.
4541:
4538:on 2006-07-24.
4505:
4496:
4487:
4467:
4441:
4432:
4412:
4393:(4): 269â276.
4373:
4348:
4329:(3): 377â383.
4313:
4283:
4272:(1â2): 43â80.
4252:
4213:
4183:
4164:(3): 688â694.
4137:
4118:(2): 483â486.
4091:
4068:
4061:
4039:
4004:
4001:on 2008-11-20.
3971:
3962:
3953:
3947:978-0691092508
3946:
3928:
3919:
3900:(4): 415â420.
3877:
3841:
3806:
3787:(3): 507â524.
3771:
3750:
3728:
3721:
3701:
3675:
3626:
3585:
3530:
3511:(3): 732â735.
3488:
3459:10.1086/285532
3453:(1): 141â173.
3437:
3378:
3329:
3320:
3300:
3281:
3250:
3191:
3168:
3105:
3082:
3068:
3048:
3041:
3008:
2948:
2925:
2906:
2885:(2): 133â140.
2860:
2853:
2832:
2825:
2798:
2789:. Pica Press.
2778:
2727:
2694:
2681:(3): 798â813.
2657:
2636:(5): 857â879.
2612:
2557:
2506:
2486:
2434:
2349:
2283:
2250:
2228:(2): 160â162.
2216:(April 1896).
2202:
2195:
2177:
2157:
2116:
2053:
2038:
2018:
2009:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1965:Barau's petrel
1902:
1822:Bermuda petrel
1798:Zino's petrels
1762:
1759:
1689:Tristan Island
1619:
1616:
1545:Procellariidae
1502:William Strang
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1438:thermoregulate
1376:
1373:
1321:
1318:
1274:gadfly petrels
1266:diving petrels
1241:
1238:
1230:
1227:
1202:gadfly petrels
1166:
1163:
1155:Diomedeoididae
1091:proventriculus
1060:released from
1018:
1015:
980:Ronald Lockley
975:
972:
930:
927:
923:diving petrels
868:Procellariidae
829:
826:
824:
821:
795:
794:
779:Diomedeoididae
775:
764:gadfly petrels
752:Procellariidae
748:
741:
734:
638:a violent wind
636:, which means
626:Max FĂŒrbringer
620:
619:
603:
602:
598:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
585:
584:
580:
579:
576:
575:
571:
570:
567:
566:
562:Procellariidae
558:
555:
554:
551:
550:
542:
537:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
519:
514:
512:
509:
508:
505:
504:
496:
491:
489:
483:
456:
453:
265:
264:
258:
257:
251:
250:
235:Procellariidae
231:Diomedeoididae
225:
224:
220:
219:
207:
203:
202:
197:
190:
189:
184:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
136:
135:
124:
123:
115:
114:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
41:EoceneâPresent
37:
27:Order of birds
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7898:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7837:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7814:
7809:
7805:
7801:
7796:
7792:
7788:
7783:
7779:
7775:
7769:
7765:
7760:
7756:
7752:
7747:
7743:
7739:
7734:
7730:
7726:
7721:
7717:
7713:
7708:
7704:
7700:
7695:
7691:
7687:
7683:Featherbase:
7681:
7677:
7672:
7668:
7664:
7659:
7655:
7651:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7633:
7629:
7625:
7620:
7616:
7611:
7605:
7601:
7596:
7590:
7586:
7585:
7583:
7581:
7577:
7573:
7568:
7561:
7556:
7551:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7537:
7527:
7523:
7510:
7507:
7505:
7502:
7500:
7497:
7496:
7494:
7490:
7481:
7477:
7472:
7469:
7463:
7460:
7455:
7452:
7449:(Albatrosses)
7447:
7444:
7443:
7441:
7439:
7438:
7433:
7429:
7425:
7418:
7413:
7411:
7406:
7404:
7399:
7398:
7395:
7383:
7382:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7361:
7359:
7358:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7337:
7336:
7333:
7295:
7289:
7287:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7265:
7263:
7257:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7243:Strigiformes
7241:
7239:
7233:
7231:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7216:
7210:
7204:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7188:
7186:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7175:
7171:
7165:
7159:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7133:
7127:
7125:
7119:
7118:
7116:
7114:
7110:
7104:
7098:
7096:
7094:(tropicbirds)
7090:
7089:
7087:
7085:
7081:
7075:
7069:
7067:
7061:
7060:
7058:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7035:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7017:
7016:Podargiformes
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7001:
7000:
6998:
6996:
6992:
6986:
6980:
6978:
6972:
6970:
6966:Cuculiformes
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6946:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6922:
6921:
6919:
6917:
6913:
6907:
6901:
6899:
6893:
6891:
6885:
6884:
6882:
6880:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6858:
6854:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6807:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6792:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6783:
6782:
6778:
6776:
6775:
6771:
6769:
6768:
6764:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6755:
6754:
6750:
6748:
6747:
6743:
6741:
6740:
6736:
6735:
6733:
6731:
6727:
6721:
6720:
6716:
6714:
6713:
6709:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6700:
6699:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6680:
6679:
6675:
6673:
6672:
6668:
6666:
6665:
6664:Macrocephalon
6661:
6659:
6658:
6654:
6652:
6651:
6647:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6624:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6589:
6582:
6576:
6572:
6562:
6561:
6557:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6551:Anseranatidae
6548:
6542:
6541:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6521:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6498:
6493:
6491:
6486:
6485:
6484:
6481:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6462:
6459:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6446:
6442:
6439:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6422:
6416:
6390:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6359:
6355:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6331:
6329:
6325:Tinamiformes
6323:
6321:
6315:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6301:Palaeognathae
6298:
6294:
6290:
6283:
6279:
6275:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6214:
6208:
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6187:Pigeon racing
6185:
6183:
6180:
6178:
6175:
6173:
6170:
6168:
6165:
6163:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6151:
6148:
6146:
6143:
6141:
6138:
6136:
6133:
6131:
6128:
6127:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6101:
6098:
6096:
6093:
6091:
6088:
6086:
6083:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6030:
6029:Archaeopteryx
6026:
6025:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5980:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5902:
5900:
5898:
5894:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5851:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5833:
5832:
5830:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5811:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5790:
5788:
5783:
5781:
5776:
5775:
5772:
5766:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5718:
5717:0-19-850125-0
5714:
5710:
5706:
5705:
5701:
5691:
5686:
5682:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5663:
5660:
5655:
5651:
5647:
5643:
5640:(1): 93â102.
5639:
5635:
5628:
5625:
5620:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5590:
5586:
5582:
5574:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5559:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5542:
5538:
5531:
5529:
5525:
5516:
5513:
5508:
5504:
5497:
5490:
5487:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5456:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5435:
5429:
5424:
5420:
5416:
5412:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5391:
5386:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5352:
5345:
5342:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5321:
5317:
5310:
5307:
5303:
5299:
5296:
5290:
5287:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5255:Birding World
5249:
5246:
5234:
5230:
5223:
5220:
5207:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5177:
5174:
5169:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5122:
5109:
5104:
5100:
5096:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5079:
5076:
5063:
5058:
5054:
5050:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5033:
5030:
5017:
5012:
5008:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4996:
4987:
4984:
4979:
4975:
4960:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4944:
4941:
4928:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4914:
4909:
4907:
4898:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4881:
4874:
4871:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4841:
4836:
4835:
4830:
4824:
4821:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4776:
4770:
4765:
4761:
4757:
4753:
4746:
4743:
4738:
4732:
4729:
4723:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4682:
4677:
4674:
4670:
4669:Time Magazine
4666:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4654:84-87334-10-5
4651:
4647:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4629:
4625:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4606:
4603:
4600:
4599:84-87334-10-5
4596:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4545:
4542:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4500:
4497:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4471:
4468:
4455:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4422:
4416:
4413:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4384:
4377:
4374:
4361:
4360:
4352:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4298:
4296:
4287:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4268:(in French).
4267:
4263:
4256:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4205:
4198:
4196:
4187:
4184:
4179:
4175:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4150:
4141:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4113:
4106:
4104:
4095:
4092:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4069:
4064:
4062:9780387251592
4058:
4054:
4050:
4043:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4009:
4005:
3997:
3993:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3972:
3966:
3963:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3939:
3932:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3878:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3810:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3753:
3747:
3742:
3741:
3732:
3729:
3724:
3722:9780691129761
3718:
3714:
3713:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3676:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3561:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3541:
3534:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3468:
3464:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3382:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3267:
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3254:
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3120:
3118:
3109:
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3071:
3069:9780520236684
3065:
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3027:
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3019:
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3009:
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2920:
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2907:
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2896:
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2884:
2880:
2879:Fossil Record
2876:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2861:
2856:
2850:
2846:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2826:84-87334-10-5
2822:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2795:1-873403-94-1
2792:
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2774:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2731:
2728:
2722:
2717:
2714:(1): 88â108.
2713:
2709:
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2698:
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2684:
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2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2438:
2435:
2424:on 2019-12-06
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
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2363:
2359:
2358:Jarvis, E. D.
2353:
2350:
2339:on 2014-12-13
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2284:
2273:on 2014-12-22
2272:
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2259:
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2255:
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2066:
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2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2022:
2019:
2016:Brooke, 2004.
2013:
2010:
2007:
2006:0-12-735415-8
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:, as well as
1958:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1901:
1899:
1895:
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1849:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:and only 170
1799:
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1787:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1735:Thomas Bewick
1733:The engraver
1731:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:Kodiak Island
1674:
1673:
1672:kaitiakitanga
1668:
1664:
1660:
1659:muttonbirding
1656:
1652:
1648:
1639:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1626:A tail-piece
1624:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1586:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1567:stormy petrel
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1537:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1508:'s 1798 poem
1507:
1504:illustrating
1503:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
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1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:down feathers
1431:
1423:
1418:
1414:
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1406:
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1403:
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1334:
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1317:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1300:nesting near
1299:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1270:procellariids
1267:
1263:
1259:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1206:storm petrels
1203:
1198:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1176:
1172:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1146:giant petrels
1143:
1142:slope soaring
1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1107:
1102:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
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1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1028:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1010:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
973:
971:
969:
965:
964:Bonin petrels
961:
957:
953:
948:
944:
940:
936:
928:
926:
924:
920:
919:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:storm petrels
897:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
874:
869:
865:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
835:
827:
822:
820:
818:
814:
813:
808:
804:
800:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
772:giant petrels
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
746:
742:
739:
735:
732:
728:
724:
723:
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438:
434:
430:
426:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
385:
383:
380:being around
379:
375:
371:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
352:storm petrels
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
327:
271:
263:
259:
256:
252:
249:
248:
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240:
236:
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97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
7579:
7462:Hydrobatidae
7435:
7427:
7379:
7367:
7355:
7343:
7253:(mousebirds)
7251:Coliiformes
7136:
7121:Gaviiformes
7113:Aequornithes
7021:Apodiformes
6982:Otidiformes
6958:Otidimorphae
6905:(sandgrouse)
6827:Phasianinae
6793:
6786:
6779:
6774:Odontophorus
6772:
6765:
6758:
6751:
6744:
6737:
6717:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6676:
6669:
6662:
6655:
6648:
6641:
6634:
6612:Oreophasinae
6558:
6538:
6531:
6436:(waterfowls)
6432:Anseriformes
6182:Cockfighting
6167:Conservation
6162:Bird feeding
6150:Birdwatching
6140:Ornithomancy
6080:Gansuiformes
6027:
6020:Fossil birds
5910:Intelligence
5744:
5726:
5708:
5702:Bibliography
5672:
5668:
5662:
5637:
5633:
5627:
5610:10400.3/4515
5584:
5580:
5573:
5565:
5549:
5540:
5536:
5527:
5523:
5515:
5506:
5502:
5489:
5454:
5450:
5437:
5410:
5406:
5393:
5358:
5354:
5344:
5319:
5315:
5309:
5289:
5277:. Retrieved
5267:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5236:. Retrieved
5232:
5222:
5210:. Retrieved
5196:
5190:
5184:
5176:
5141:
5137:
5124:
5112:. Retrieved
5098:
5092:
5086:
5078:
5066:. Retrieved
5052:
5046:
5040:
5032:
5020:. Retrieved
5006:
5000:
4994:
4986:
4963:. Retrieved
4958:
4952:
4943:
4931:. Retrieved
4917:
4911:
4905:
4897:
4888:
4879:
4873:
4861:. Retrieved
4856:
4843:
4833:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4759:
4755:
4745:
4731:
4722:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4676:
4660:
4645:
4640:
4618:(3): 44â46.
4615:
4611:
4605:
4590:
4585:
4558:
4554:
4544:
4533:the original
4528:
4524:
4499:
4490:
4475:
4470:
4458:. Retrieved
4435:
4415:
4390:
4386:
4382:
4376:
4364:. Retrieved
4358:
4351:
4326:
4322:
4316:
4307:
4303:
4294:
4286:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4255:
4233:(1): 25â28.
4230:
4226:
4222:
4216:
4207:
4203:
4194:
4186:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4140:
4115:
4111:
4102:
4094:
4085:
4081:
4071:
4052:
4042:
4028:(1): 73â80.
4025:
4021:
4017:
3996:the original
3991:
3987:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3937:
3931:
3922:
3897:
3893:
3880:
3864:(1): 83â91.
3861:
3857:
3844:
3819:
3815:
3809:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3739:
3731:
3711:
3704:
3695:
3691:
3678:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3550:(1): 67â76.
3547:
3543:
3533:
3508:
3504:
3491:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3415:11568/208687
3395:
3391:
3381:
3346:
3342:
3332:
3323:
3314:
3294:
3290:
3284:
3275:
3271:
3265:
3261:
3253:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3182:. Retrieved
3171:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3108:
3096:. Retrieved
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3058:
3051:
3032:
2968:
2964:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2928:
2917:
2909:
2882:
2878:
2844:
2816:
2786:
2781:
2744:
2740:
2730:
2711:
2707:
2697:
2678:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2633:
2629:
2574:
2570:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2499:
2489:
2452:
2448:
2437:
2426:. Retrieved
2419:the original
2372:
2368:
2352:
2341:. Retrieved
2334:the original
2303:
2299:
2286:
2275:. Retrieved
2271:the original
2265:
2245:
2225:
2221:
2186:
2180:
2170:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2143:
2078:
2074:
2028:
2021:
2012:
1997:
1992:
1950:
1943:
1921:
1897:
1893:
1883:
1852:
1837:
1782:
1754:
1732:
1717:
1713:Taiaroa Head
1708:
1700:
1693:Indian Ocean
1684:
1670:
1643:
1635:
1618:Exploitation
1605:
1587:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1561:, he used a
1548:
1541:Hydrobatidae
1538:
1522:
1516:
1509:
1497:
1478:
1450:
1446:frigatebirds
1427:
1407:
1400:
1390:
1353:
1337:
1310:
1282:
1254:
1199:
1194:
1178:
1168:
1135:
1119:blood plasma
1111:
1051:
1032:
1011:
977:
932:
916:
909:Hydrobatidae
898:
871:
847:
837:
810:
796:
745:Hydrobatidae
713:
698:
694:
689:Pelecanoides
687:
685:
666:
657:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
623:
560:
546:Hydrobatidae
544:
521:
498:
473:
463:
421:
386:
363:
359:
355:
269:
268:
243:Hydrobatidae
228:
209:
193:
131:
29:
7846:Bird orders
7707:iNaturalist
7604:Wikispecies
7504:Stomach oil
7471:Oceanitidae
7446:Diomedeidae
7381:WikiProject
7291:Piciformes
7174:Australaves
7153:Suliformes
7071:Gruiformes
6926:(flamingos)
6835:Tetraoninae
6806:Phasianidae
6795:Rhynchortyx
6760:Dactylortyx
6627:Megapodidae
6617:Penelopinae
6575:Galliformes
6317:Rheiformes
6311:(ostriches)
6261:individuals
6135:Ornithology
6122:interaction
5877:Preen gland
5690:10261/45133
5212:12 November
5114:12 November
5068:12 November
5022:12 November
4933:12 November
2787:Albatrosses
2554:Corrigendum
2495:Mayr, Ernst
2449:GigaScience
2397:10072/67425
2214:Allen, J.A.
2132:Gill, Frank
1890:carnivorous
1814:Fiji petrel
1667:New Zealand
1571:burevestnik
1555:Maxim Gorky
1550:burevestnik
1453:stomach oil
1278:shearwaters
1262:territories
1214:flying fish
1195:Procellaria
1180:Procellaria
1127:salt glands
1087:stomach oil
1080:plate, for
1043:fairy prion
966:nesting in
918:Phoebastria
913:albatrosses
905:Oceanitidae
888:are mostly
803:London Clay
756:shearwaters
738:Oceanitidae
731:albatrosses
727:Diomedeidae
523:Oceanitidae
500:Diomedeidae
476:, 1907â1910
382:New Zealand
344:albatrosses
247:Oceanitidae
239:Diomedeidae
7830:Categories
7131:(penguins)
6984:(bustards)
6822:Perdicinae
6767:Dendrortyx
6739:Callipepla
6671:Megapodius
6636:Aepypodius
6514:Tadorninae
6496:true geese
6327:(tinamous)
6286:Neornithes
6197:Pheasantry
6172:Aviculture
5940:Incubation
5930:Lek mating
5723:Cocker, M.
5543:: 187â189.
5509:: 185â192.
5261:: 479â483.
4882:. Collins.
4880:The Fulmar
4227:Bird Study
4088:: 121â142.
3698:: 101â112.
3505:The Condor
2994:2440/43360
2945:: 749â751.
2428:2015-08-28
2343:2013-02-21
2277:2013-03-01
2071:Prum, R.O.
1984:References
1961:oil spills
1928:understory
1870:feral cats
1765:See also:
1755:The Fulmar
1655:extinction
1410:incubation
1356:K-selected
1340:monogamous
1285:philopatry
1233:See also:
1212:snatching
974:Navigation
873:Pterodroma
852:Antarctica
832:See also:
608:Frank Gill
433:extinction
425:endangered
413:incubation
405:pair bonds
401:monogamous
397:philopatry
215:FĂŒrbringer
7200:(parrots)
7044:(hoatzin)
6995:Strisores
6976:(turacos)
6968:(cuckoos)
6897:(mesites)
6816:(turkeys)
6788:Philortyx
6705:Agelastes
6698:Acryllium
6689:Numididae
6678:Talegalla
6588:gamebirds
6581:landfowls
6560:Anseranas
6524:Anhimidae
6483:Anserinae
6266:fictional
5988:dinosaurs
5983:Theropoda
5970:Evolution
5915:Migration
5897:Behaviour
4974:cite iucn
4366:31 August
4266:Behaviour
3760:cite book
3662:0022-0949
3564:1420-9101
3483:205983145
3424:0022-0949
3365:0022-0949
3092:"Petrels"
2455:(1): 27.
2111:205246158
1858:predators
1724:Mr. Gould
1628:engraving
1590:Polynesia
1506:Coleridge
1469:calorific
1465:digestion
1430:precocial
1306:gene flow
1054:olfaction
986:with the
935:migration
929:Migration
882:temperate
860:Greenland
817:Paleogene
807:Louisiana
791:phalanges
783:Oligocene
673:taxonomic
441:pollution
378:diversity
360:tubenoses
356:Tubinares
255:Diversity
223:Families
163:Kingdom:
157:Eukaryota
107:Possible
18:Tubenoses
7841:Seabirds
7589:Wikidata
7437:Families
7345:Category
7219:Afroaves
7147:(storks)
6949:Passerea
6934:(grebes)
6870:Columbea
6781:Oreortyx
6753:Cyrtonyx
6643:Alectura
6607:Cracinae
6599:Cracidae
6476:Oxyurini
6466:Aythyini
6461:Anatinae
6445:Anatidae
6192:Falconry
6155:big year
6010:Seabirds
5920:Foraging
5867:Feathers
5619:28151557
5558:Archived
5385:17148257
5298:Archived
5279:March 1,
4831:(1847).
4813:(1843).
4424:Archived
4310:: 29â37.
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