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under compression loads, and the cellular girder's resistance to this. Stephenson's would build around a thousand other bridges using this cellular structure. The most impressive test was performed on-site at Conway. The 1300 ton tubular girder, deflecting 8 inches under its own weight, was loaded with a further 300 tons and the deflection measured. The effects of wind loading and asymmetric thermal expansion due to sunlight were also studied.
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and tested with increasing loads. By this means, although at an experimental cost of thousands of pounds, the design of the cellular girder was refined until it could carry loads of 2.4 times the original capacity. The most significant finding was that of a thin section's susceptibility to buckling
300:
to confirm that it would be capable of carrying heavy locomotives, the testing being performed by
Fairbairn. The successful result enabled the much larger Britannia bridge to be built. The current Conwy bridge has been reinforced by extra columns under the bridge into the river, but is otherwise
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Before the
Britannia Bridge was constructed, Fairbairn conducted "the most celebrated of all engineering experiments on the grand scale" a series of experiments "of a gigantic character". One-sixth scale models, 78 ft long, were built at Fairbairn's
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In the case of the
Britannia Bridge this technology allowed a bridge with spans up to 460 feet (140 m) long to be constructed, when until then the longest wrought iron span had been 31 feet 6 inches (9.60 m).
292:. The wrought iron tubular bridge was built by Robert Stephenson to a design by William Fairbairn, and is similar in construction to Stephenson's other famous tubular bridge, the Britannia Bridge across the
348:, is considered one of Brunel's major achievements, despite its appearance. It was economical in its use of materials, and would prove to be the design prototype for Brunel's
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Since the destruction by fire of
Britannia Bridge in 1970, Conwy railway bridge remains the only surviving example of this means of construction undertaken by Stephenson.
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used tubes that were only 10 foot high and placed the railway deck between them, rather than inside. This is now considered as the first
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376:, rather than a pure tubular bridge. Despite this, it was initially rejected after completion by the
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Dreicer, Gregory K. (2010). "Building
Bridges and Boundaries: The Lattice and the Tube, 1820-1860".
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John Rapley, The
Britannia and Other Tubular Bridges: And the Men Who Built Them, Tempus (2003).
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section within which the traffic is carried. Famous examples include the original
380:’s inspector, Captain Lintorn Simmons, and the design was also criticized by the
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The unconventional nature of the tubular girder bridge was not widely accepted.
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443:- a movable bridge that carries pedestrians from a terminal to an aircraft.
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An
Account of the Construction of the Britannia and Conway Tubular Bridges
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449:- a bridge connecting buildings at an elevation above the ground
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Conwy Bridge.Construction of second tube, September, 1848
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46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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284:coast railway line across the River Conwy between
993:List of lists of covered bridges in North America
340:, which at that point forms the boundary between
208:Depends upon length and degree of prefabrication
336:in 1852. The "Great Tubular Bridge" over the
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540:William Fairbairn–Experimental Engineer
396:Section of the original wrought-iron tubular
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
301:virtually unchanged since it was built.
250:between 1846 and 1850, and the original
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471:. Alan Sutton Publishing. p. 47.
400:standing in front of the modern bridge
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280:The Conwy railway bridge carries the
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44:adding citations to reliable sources
555:"John Fowler's Viaduct at Torksey"
368:'s 1847 tubular girder design for
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961:medieval stone bridges in Germany
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553:Tatraskoda (27 February 2010).
31:needs additional citations for
382:Institution of Civil Engineers
1:
918:Visual index to various types
741:Cantilever spar cable-stayed
469:Civil Engineering 1839-1889
258:Conwy and Britannia Bridges
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1135:Bridges by structural type
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314:Chepstow and Tamar Bridges
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242:, designed and tested by
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1029:Continuous truss bridges
1002:Lists of bridges by size
939:Lists of bridges by type
334:Isambard Kingdom Brunel
320:Chepstow Railway Bridge
988:List of bridge–tunnels
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756:Double-beam drawbridge
495:Technology and Culture
467:Chrimes, Mike (1991).
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981:vertical-lift bridges
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650:. London: John Weale.
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1039:Masonry arch bridges
1019:Cable-stayed bridges
538:Smith, A.I. (1966).
264:Conwy railway bridge
236:Conwy railway bridge
131:Conwy Railway Bridge
40:improve this article
966:multi-level bridges
508:10.1353/tech.0.0406
350:Royal Albert Bridge
324:Royal Albert Bridge
307:Millwall Iron Works
142:Plate girder bridge
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1024:Cantilever bridges
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853:Navigable aqueduct
642:Fairbairn, William
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286:Llandudno Junction
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1070:Bridge to nowhere
971:road–rail bridges
688:-related articles
621:External link in
602:"Torksey Viaduct"
429:Box girder bridge
374:box girder bridge
248:Robert Stephenson
244:William Fairbairn
222:built as a rigid
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288:and the town of
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51:Find sources:
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29:This article
27:
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18:
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1116:Bibliography
1034:Arch bridges
976:toll bridges
916:
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892:Through arch
726:Cable-stayed
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586:Chrimes 1991
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294:Menai Strait
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232:Menai Strait
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180:Wrought iron
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
836:Transporter
816:Submersible
801:Retractable
366:John Fowler
282:North Wales
240:River Conwy
1129:Categories
875:Suspension
791:Drawbridge
761:Extradosed
736:Cantilever
721:Burr Truss
711:Box girder
454:References
298:prototypes
224:box girder
168:Span range
162:heavy rail
148:Descendant
96:March 2013
66:newspapers
1009:By length
848:Multi-way
408:Original
338:River Wye
238:over the
230:over the
203:Falsework
197:Very high
1104:Category
868:Vlotbrug
781:Moveable
644:(1849).
614:cite web
516:40646995
423:See also
330:Chepstow
205:required
176:Material
138:Ancestor
1079:Related
1049:Tallest
1044:Highest
912:Viaduct
907:Tubular
897:Trestle
863:Pontoon
806:Rolling
796:Folding
786:Bascule
746:Covered
370:Torksey
354:Saltash
346:England
186:Movable
158:Carries
80:scholar
887:Timber
731:Canopy
686:Bridge
559:Flickr
514:
475:
447:Skyway
441:Jetway
388:Legacy
234:, the
220:bridge
171:Medium
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
902:Truss
880:types
826:Table
821:Swing
512:JSTOR
342:Wales
290:Conwy
218:is a
87:JSTOR
73:books
858:Pile
831:Tilt
776:Moon
751:Crib
706:Beam
701:Arch
629:help
473:ISBN
344:and
322:and
266:and
59:news
771:Log
766:Jet
504:doi
352:at
328:At
42:by
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