248:
66:
338:
313:
states that the emir of
Erzurum himself proposed the marriage in order to defend his country from the Georgian encroachments. After the Georgians rejected the emir's request on account of his being a Muslim, he ordered his son to convert to Christianity, the fact that is described by ibn al-Athir as
508:
Tughril, who ruled at
Erzurum from 589 to 618/1192–1221, was allotted Elbistan under the original division by Kılıç Arslan II (Cahen 1968: 111), but was then installed at Erzurum when the latter was captured from the Saltukids at the beginning of the thirteeth century. But he broke away from the
509:
Seljuk state in 608/1211-12. His son Rukn al-Din Jahan Shah was finally defeated, and
Erzurum annexed to the Seljuk state, in 1230, when the Khwarazmshah, Jalal al-Din, with whom Jahan Shah had temporarily allied, was defeated at the battle of Yassı Çimen.
427:, while en route for a campaign against the Georgians, put an end to the Saltuqids; and for some thirty years after this, Erzurum was to be ruled by two Seljuq princes as an appanage before Kay Qubadh I in 627/1230 incorporated it into his sultanate."
305:, reports that the young Seljuq prince had been held at the Georgian court as a hostage in order to ensure the loyalty of Erzurum. Rusudan liked him and took him as a husband. The contemporary Arab scholar
244:
in 1192, but was then installed at
Erzurum c. 1201. He broke away from the Seljuk state in 1211-12, and appears to have been a tributary to Georgia for at least parts of his reign.
236:
During 30 years after this conquest, Erzurum was ruled by the two Seljuq princes
Tughril ibn Kılıç Arslan II and Jahan Shah bin Tughril as an appanage. Tughril Shah had received
742:
The
Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athir for the Crusading Period from Al-kamil Fi'l-ta'rikh, Part 3: The Years 589-629/1193-1231: the Ayyubids After Saladin and the Mongol Menace
689:
306:
206:
Georgia and to conquer
Georgia. Between 1201 and 1203, Suleiman II with detachments under the command of his brother Tughril Shah from his fief of
407:' main role in the political and military affairs of the time was in warfare with the Georgians, expanding southwards from the time of their king
769:
729:
501:
750:
610:
159:
91:
40:
39:, who in 1186 had partitionned his kingdom in Anatolia between several of his numerous sons. He was succeeded by his son
272:
226:
and replaced the vassal of
Georgia, Saltuk, with his brother Tughril Shah. The Turkic expansion was stopped with the
707:
493:
Eastern Trade and the
Mediterranean in the Middle Ages: Pegolotti’s Ayas-Tabriz Itinerary and its Commercial Context
420:
36:
416:
268:
260:
782:(1949–1951). "The Fifteenth-Century Bagratids and the Institution of Collegial Sovereignty in Georgia".
191:
211:
702:
630:
319:
302:
799:
673:
665:
408:
286:
264:
101:
247:
65:
765:
746:
725:
606:
497:
491:
380:
315:
227:
154:
32:
820:
791:
740:
657:
310:
297:
on his father's order so as he could marry the queen of
Georgia. The anonymous 14th-century
107:
362:
779:
648:
Peacock, Andrew (2006). "Georgia and the Anatolian Turks in the 12th and 13th centuries".
412:
283:
241:
195:
172:
719:
685:
814:
677:
202:
from 1071 until 1202. Suleiman II of Rûm had prepared for war to weaken the power of
73:
632:საქართველო და მახლობელი აღმოსავლეთის ისლამური სამყარო XII-XIII ს-ის პირველ მესამედში
326:
294:
279:
203:
162:
113:
533:
424:
795:
661:
314:"a strange turn of events without parallel". He had two children, a daughter,
125:
404:
199:
119:
28:
423:. The last years of the family are unclear, but in 598/1202 the Rum Seljuq
419:'s son offered to convert to Christianity in order to marry the celebrated
534:"Copper alloy fals of Tughril Shah b. Qilij Arslan, nm, nd H. 1936.105.95"
251:
Coinage of Tughril Shah b. Qilij Arslan, with horserider on the obverse.
237:
219:
215:
207:
803:
669:
198:, the region of Erzerum had been ruled by a local Turkoman dynasty, the
309:
also confirms that it was Rusudan who opted for the Seljuq prince, but
252:
223:
24:
337:
718:
Lordkipanidze, Mariam (1994). "Georgia in the 11th-12th centuries".
240:
in appanage upon the division of the sultanate of Rum by his father
21:
Abdu'l Harij Muhammad Mughis ad-din Tughril Shah ibn Kılıç Arslan II
637:
Georgia and the Near Eastern Islamic world in the 12th–13th century
622:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
336:
246:
182:
551:
549:
547:
325:
The region of Erzurum was incorporated into the Sultanate of
706:] (in Georgian). Tbilisi: Artanuji. Archived from
23:(r.1202-1225) was a Turkoman king of the "Seljuqs of
178:
168:
153:
145:
137:
133:
97:
87:
79:
72:
51:
415:(see above, no. 97); but in a curious episode,
230:which resulted in a Georgian victory in 1202.
472:
385:. Royal Numismatic Society. 1977. p. 101.
343:
436:
8:
222:as well as local Turkmen warriors, captured
218:, and possibly with the help of the Harput
190:Before the 1201-1202 conquest of Ezurum by
555:
64:
48:
571:
584:
460:
400:
692:[Chronicle of A Hundred Years]
520:
485:
483:
481:
354:
624:. New York: Columbia University Press.
448:
762:Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia
739:Richards, Donald Sidney, ed. (2010).
396:
394:
392:
318:, and a son, David, who would become
7:
643:(in Georgian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
490:Sinclair, Thomas (6 December 2019).
411:(1089-1125), often as allies of the
363:"Collections Online British Museum"
263:succeeded him, and allied with the
293:1223 to 1226. He had converted to
14:
41:Rukn al-Din Jahanshah bin Tughril
568:The Chronicle of A Hundred Years
745:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing.
496:. Routledge. p. Note 106.
271:, until he was defeated at the
629:Djaparidze, Gotcha I. (1995).
540:. American Numismatic Society.
278:Tughril had another son named
1:
290:
27:", following the fall of the
299:Chronicle of a Hundred Years
282:, who became the husband of
837:
764:. London: Reaktion Books.
721:Essays on Georgian history
601:Baumer, Christoph (2023).
403:, p. 218 Quote: "The
31:in the region, one of the
796:10.1017/S0362152900015142
760:Rayfield, Donald (2012).
662:10.1017/S0066154600000806
74:Sultan of Rum in Erzurum
63:
56:
724:. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
307:Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
35:. He was another son of
620:Bosworth, C.E. (1996).
603:History of the Caucasus
421:Queen T'amar of Georgia
350:
261:Rukn al-Din Jahan Shah
256:
690:"„ასწლოვანი მატიანე""
417:Muhammad b. Saltuq II
367:www.britishmuseum.org
340:
273:Battle of Yassı Çimen
250:
587:, pp. 244, 270.
558:, pp. 181–182.
473:Toumanoff 1949–1951
341:Region of Erzurum (
320:David VI of Georgia
303:Georgian Chronicles
703:Kartlis Tskhovreba
437:Lordkipanidze 1994
409:David the Restorer
351:
287:Rusudan of Georgia
257:
192:Suleiman II of Rûm
771:978-1-78023-070-2
731:978-5-520-01547-5
650:Anatolian Studies
583:Ibn Al-Athir, in
503:978-1-000-75267-0
348:
228:Battle of Basiani
188:
187:
58:Sultan of Erzurum
46:Sultan of Erzurum
33:Anatolian beyliks
828:
807:
780:Toumanoff, Cyril
775:
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735:
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698:ქართლის ცხოვრება
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108:Kilij Arslan III
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413:Shah-i Armanids
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242:Kilij Arslan II
233:
214:Bahram Shah of
196:Kilij Arslan II
173:Kilij Arslan II
128:
124:
122:
118:
116:
112:
110:
106:
104:
47:
37:Kılıç Arslan II
12:
11:
5:
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812:
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776:
770:
757:
752:978-0754669524
751:
736:
730:
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713:on 2012-04-01.
688:, ed. (2008).
682:
645:
626:
617:
611:
605:. Bloomsbury.
596:
593:
590:
589:
576:
574:, p. 537.
572:Metreveli 2008
560:
543:
525:
523:, p. 130.
513:
502:
477:
475:, p. 181.
465:
463:, p. 113.
453:
441:
439:, p. 162.
429:
388:
372:
353:
352:
334:
331:
301:, part of the
186:
185:
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176:
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151:
150:
149:1225 (aged 56)
147:
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61:
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612:9780755636303
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585:Richards 2010
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461:Rayfield 2012
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451:, p. 27.
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406:
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401:Bosworth 1996
397:
395:
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332:
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329:in 627/1230.
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708:the original
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636:
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602:
579:
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521:Peacock 2006
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507:
492:
468:
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381:
375:
366:
357:
327:Kay Qubadh I
324:
298:
295:Christianity
280:Ghias ad-din
277:
269:Jalal al-Din
258:
235:
232:
189:
163:Ghias ad-Din
123:(1211-1220)
117:(1205-1211)
114:Kaykhusraw I
111:(1204-1205)
105:(1202-1204)
57:
52:Tughril Shah
20:
17:Tughril Shah
16:
15:
790:: 169–221.
656:: 127–146.
449:Baumer 2023
425:Sulayman II
382:Coin Hoards
265:Khwarizmian
129:(1220-1225)
102:Suleiman II
333:References
212:Mengujekid
160:Jahan Shah
126:Kayqubad I
92:Jahan Shah
678:155798755
405:Saltuqids
275:in 1230.
204:Christian
200:Saltukids
194:, son of
120:Kaykaus I
98:Co-Sultan
88:Successor
83:1202-1225
29:Saltukids
815:Category
804:27830207
784:Traditio
670:20065551
259:His son
238:Elbistan
220:Artuqids
216:Erzincan
208:Elbistan
179:Religion
821:Erzurum
595:Sources
345:
253:Erzurum
224:Erzurum
25:Erzurum
19:, also
802:
768:
749:
728:
676:
668:
639:]
609:
500:
169:Father
800:JSTOR
711:(PDF)
700:[
694:(PDF)
674:S2CID
666:JSTOR
641:(PDF)
635:[
570:, in
316:Tamar
289:from
284:Queen
267:Shah
183:Islam
155:Issue
80:Reign
766:ISBN
747:ISBN
726:ISBN
607:ISBN
498:ISBN
146:Died
141:1169
138:Born
792:doi
658:doi
817::
798:.
786:.
696:.
672:.
664:.
654:56
652:.
546:^
536:.
506:.
480:^
391:^
365:.
322:.
291:c.
210:,
806:.
794::
788:7
774:.
755:.
734:.
680:.
660::
615:.
369:.
349:)
255:.
43:.
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