736:
458:, where he asked Mahmud for permission to settle in the area in return for military aid. Mahmud, however, had Arslan Isra'il put in prison, where the latter soon died. Meanwhile, Tughril and Chaghri remained loyal to their Kara-Khanid overlords, although there were disputes between them in 1029; in 1032, they fought alongside the Kara-Khanids at the
525:
722:
of Ray to
Baghdad, to ask her hand in marriage to him. The marriage contract was concluded in August–September 1062 outside Tabriz, with a marriage proportion of one hundred thousand dinars. She was brought to the Sultan's palace in March–April 1063. After Tughril's death, Alp Arslan sent her back to
755:
Tughril's conquests had an impact on the lives of not only the people of annexed states, but also the nomads themselves, who participated in the establishment of the new state. Noticeable changes in the life of the Oguz-Turkmen tribes occurred as they settled in
743:
Sultan
Tughril was undoubtedly a military genius. Though his military campaigns inflicted serious damage on the productive forces of many conquered states, they paved the way for the establishment of the first powerful medieval empire of the
903:
Two years later he entered
Baghdad a second time, and was given the laqab Rukn al-Dawla ("Pillar of the State") and the title malik al-mashriq wa'l-maghrib ("King of the East and the West"), which allowed him to be addressed as
577:
Tughril then installed Chagri as the governor of
Khorasan and prevented a Ghaznavid reconquest, then moved on to the conquest of the Iranian plateau from 1040 to 1044; in 1041–1042, Tughril conquered
650:
and the efforts of Buyid forces led to the loss of the city to the
Fatimid Caliph in 1058. Two years later Tughril crushed the rebellion, personally strangling İbrahim with his bowstring and entered
425:. It was seemingly during this period that the Seljuk family converted to Islam, at least nominally. In the following decades, the Seljuks were employed as mercenaries under the warring factions of
784:
relations received a new incentive for further development, although remnants of archaic institutions remained for a long time. The Seljuk nobility began to gradually merge with the feudal
313:
warriors of the
Central Asian steppes into a confederacy of tribes and led them in conquest of Khorasan and eastern Persia. He would later establish the Seljuk Sultanate after conquering
686:
since his father's death in 1059. Alp Arslan quickly asserted his authority over the whole empire, becoming the first Seljuk ruler to rule over both
Tughril's and Chaghri's lands.
850:"TUĞRUL BEY es-Sultânü'l-muazzam Şâhânşâh Rüknüddîn Ebû Tâlib Tuğrul Bey Muhammed b. Mîkâîl b. Selçuk (ö. 455/1063) Büyük Selçuklu Devleti'nin ilk hükümdarı (1040–1063)."
623:(Friday prayer), while a son of Wahsudan, possibly Abu'l-Hayja Manuchihr, was sent as a Seljuk hostage to Khurasan. In the same year, Tughril's forces were contending in
748:
that linked "the East and the West". The formation of a vast empire objectively led to important changes in socio-economic, political and cultural life. The role of the
702:, with whom she had a son named Anushirvan. They married in around 1043. She died on December 1060. Another wife was Akka Khatun. After Tughril's death, she married
1669:
879:
714:, and mother of his son, Suleiman. They married after Chaghri's death in 1060. Another wife was Sayida Khatun. She was the daughter of Abbasid Caliph
330:
1804:
715:
635:
2300:
752:
markedly increased. Gradually, a new apparatus of state administration and an imperial system of civil and military administration took shape.
352:. As a result, it suffered from continuous war and destruction. However, under Tughril peace and prosperity were brought to the country and to
1707:
1640:
1584:
1536:
1491:
1349:
863:
474:
780:. The transition of compact groups of nomads to a semi-settled and sedentary life and agriculture took place. The old tribal ties broke up;
1764:
106:
666:
Tughril died on 4 October 1063 in Ray, at the age of seventy. Having no children, he had nominated his infant nephew
Sulayman (a son of
1699:
Iran in the Early
Islamic Period: Politics, Culture, Administration and Public Life between the Arab and the Seljuk Conquests, 633-1055
1686:
1616:
1465:
1439:
1413:
1377:
99:
1502:
1984:
1548:
1515:
898:
854:
489:, for asylum. Mas'ud, however, considered the nomadic Turks to be dangerous and sent an army under his commander-in-chief
1797:
960:
at the battle of
Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire.
2039:
1944:
1217:İSTEK, Gülşen (January 1, 2020). "Büyük Selçuklu Devleti ile Abbasi Hilafeti Arasında Gerçekleşen Siyasi Evlilikler".
562:
shortly took place near Merv, where the army of Mas'ud was defeated by a much smaller army under Tughril, his brother
1979:
2305:
2084:
1663:
1570:
873:
2024:
1905:
1557:
946:
2310:
2127:
1885:
1630:
497:
in return for Seljuk recognition of Ghaznavid authority and protection of the region from other Turkic tribes.
1924:
727:
compelled her to remain in her house lest she should intrigue for his overthrow. She died on 20 October 1102.
570:. Mas'ud thus permanently lost control of all of western Khorasan. This victory marked the foundation of the
2005:
1790:
326:
2295:
2184:
2160:
2059:
2029:
1934:
1837:
410:
251:
1914:
486:
356:, a transition that was further reinforced due to the Seljuks' assimilation to Iranian-Muslim culture.
340:
Before the advent of the Seljuks, Persia was divided between several warring local powers, such as the
2315:
2290:
2214:
2155:
2150:
2107:
2049:
674:
supported this choice and may have been the one to suggest it to greatly expand his authority as the
585:, and appointed a certain Mardavij ibn Bishui as the governor of the region. In 1042/3, he conquered
559:
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459:
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to state figureheads and took command of the caliphate's armies in military offensives against the
310:
299:
2054:
2034:
1989:
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2019:
1242:
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in 1035. The Seljuks then went to the same place as Arslan Isra'il, and asked the son of Mahmud,
422:
551:
to completely remove the Seljuk threat from Khorasan. His army included 50,000 men and 12 to 60
493:. The army was shortly defeated by the Seljuks, who forced Mas'ud to surrender Nasa, Farava and
1842:
1703:
1682:
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1612:
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1532:
1487:
1479:
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334:
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ruler of Shamiran also shortly acknowledged his overlordship. In 1054, Tughril forced the
402:
379:
159:
678:
of the child. The succession was contested by Chaghri Beg's more competent and elder son
187:
1679:
The Politics of Knowledge in Premodern Islam: Negotiating Ideology and Religious Inquiry
931:, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161,164; "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those
698:. She was a Turkic woman, probably from Khwarazm, and had been married to Khwarazm Shah
2254:
2189:
2097:
1929:
1813:
1757:
1725:
1605:
1565:
1553:
1449:
1423:
1397:
899:"THE SELJUKS AND THEIR SUCCESSORS: IRAN AND CENTRAL ASIA, C.1040-1250 Coin no. 2 of 14"
745:
241:
2279:
2234:
2044:
1939:
1895:
1861:
1561:
1246:
773:
710:. They married in 1047–48. Another wife was Farrukh al-Khatuni, widow of his brother
571:
552:
528:
322:
303:
110:
2264:
2209:
1994:
1909:
1880:
724:
375:
500:
In 1037, the Seljuks also forced the Ghaznavids to cede them Sarakhs, Abivard and
1342:
The Chronicle of Ibn Al-Athīr for the Crusading Period from Al-Kāmil Fīʼl-taʼrīkh
2249:
1969:
1949:
1847:
785:
711:
707:
667:
563:
478:
426:
414:
406:
353:
261:
1651:
849:
2239:
2229:
1974:
1919:
1875:
1774:
1484:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1432:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
1406:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuqs
777:
703:
699:
679:
671:
578:
482:
371:
349:
138:
84:
1238:
2224:
2179:
2112:
1890:
956:"The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the
781:
749:
594:
586:
532:
490:
466:
445:
191:
171:
1454:"The Political and Dynastic History of the Iranian World (A.D. 1000–1217)"
524:
409:
were roaming to find pasture for livestock. After the death of his father
2259:
2145:
2102:
2088:
948:
The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1
683:
624:
602:
567:
509:
470:
430:
345:
337:
in an effort to expand his empire's borders and unite the Islamic world.
735:
469:'s death, however, the Seljuks changed their allegiance to the ruler of
2199:
1520:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill
1507:
The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill
1230:
651:
639:
455:
441:
318:
236:
98:
31:
17:
1458:
The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol periods
654:. He then married the daughter of the Abbasid Caliph near the city of
2131:
2117:
2014:
1857:
1697:
675:
655:
643:
619:
598:
590:
582:
543:
Mas'ud, after having returned to Khorasan, expelled the Seljuks from
513:
448:
341:
314:
1827:
1782:
769:
734:
544:
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494:
365:
175:
38:
617:, to acknowledge his authority. Tughril's name was placed in the
765:
761:
548:
536:
501:
1786:
436:
In the 1020s, Tughril and his other relatives were serving the
444:. In 1026, the Kara-Khanids were driven out of Bukhara by the
62:
1486:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 198–249.
1434:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 250–305.
1408:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 162–198.
1460:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1–202.
1311:
1309:
593:, and at the same his suzerainty was acknowledged by the
382:. In early Turkic history and culture, starting from the
1370:
History of the East. Vol. 2. The East in the Middle Ages
994:
992:
990:
858:(in Turkish). Vol. 41. Istanbul. pp. 344–346.
504:. The Seljuks then slowly began to subdue the cities of
646:. A revolt by Turcoman forces under his foster brother
1170:. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı. 2008. p. 112.
1344:. Crusade texts in translation. Ashgate. p. 74.
2169:
2126:
2083:
2003:
1958:
1856:
1820:
1372:. Eastern Literature, Russian Academy of Sciences.
454:. Seljuk's son Arslan Isra'il fled to a place near
257:
247:
235:
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198:
182:
165:
148:
144:
134:
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48:
1604:
1547:
634:In 1055 he was commissioned by the Abbasid Caliph
37:For a bird in Turkic and Hungarian mythology, see
1219:Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal
1635:. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–378.
1798:
386:and onwards, it was used as a personal name.
285:
27:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire from 1037 to 1063
8:
1531:. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca Persica.
1262:Aldred Lectures on Nomadic Movements in Asia
417:were reportedly raised by their grandfather
706:. Another of his wives was the daughter of
433:, in exchange for pasture for their herds.
1805:
1791:
1783:
1716:
1668:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1571:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1106:
893:
891:
889:
878:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
421:(the eponymous founder of the Seljuks) in
97:
45:
1579:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 387–388.
1340:al-Athīr, I.D.I.; Richards, D.S. (2006).
1142:
1046:
1010:
981:
1529:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
1118:
1094:
1070:
1058:
1034:
1022:
954:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
574:, which was now rapidly expanding west.
1327:
1315:
1300:
1288:
1278:. Société asiatique. 1848. p. 430.
1204:
1192:
1180:
1154:
1130:
1082:
998:
843:
841:
839:
835:
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1681:. University of North Carolina Press.
1661:
1480:"The Minor Dynasties of Northern Iran"
1363:
1361:
1168:Türk dünyası araştırmaları - Issue 173
969:
871:
547:and Nishapur. He soon marched towards
270:Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il
227:Abu Talib Muhammad Tughril ibn Mika'il
218:
1368:Alaev, L.B.; Ashrafyan, K.Z. (1994).
7:
1656:Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition
1264:. Royal Society of Arts. p. 31.
915:
286:
277:
317:and taking the Abbasid capital of
202:Abbasid Princess al Sayyida Hatun
25:
723:Baghdad in 1064. In 1094, Caliph
935:who became sultans of Persia..."
1603:Van Donzel, E. J., ed. (1994).
1594:Minorsky, V. (2000). "Tabriz".
670:) as his successor. The vizier
325:in 1055. Tughril relegated the
1225:(32). ASOS Yayinevi: 944–961.
1:
2301:11th-century monarchs in Asia
804:King of the East and the West
512:, Tughril proclaimed himself
395:
278:ابوطالبْ محمد طغرل بن میکائیل
152:
69:Malik al-Mashriq wa'l-Maghrib
718:. In 1061, Tughril sent the
465:After the Kara-Khanid ruler
306:, ruling from 1037 to 1063.
30:For a khan of Keraites, see
1765:Sultan of the Seljuk Empire
477:, but were repelled by the
302:chieftain, who founded the
2332:
1596:The Encyclopaedia of Islam
508:, and, when they captured
413:, Tughril and his brother
363:
36:
29:
1771:
1762:
1751:
1746:
1719:
929:The Empire of the Steppes
566:, and the Kakuyid prince
226:
217:
96:
53:
1696:Spuler, Bertold (2014).
1650:Peacock, Andrew (2017).
1527:Lambton, A.K.S. (1988).
1514:Bosworth, C.E. (2000b).
1501:Bosworth, C.E. (2000a).
1482:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1456:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1430:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
1404:. In Frye, R. N. (ed.).
788:of the conquered lands.
169:4 October 1063 (aged 70)
1632:The Great Seljuk Empire
1428:"Iran under the Buyids"
855:TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi
1769:1037 – 4 October 1063
1607:Islamic Desk Reference
1402:"The early Ghaznavids"
750:landowning aristocracy
740:
540:
738:
694:One of his wives was
527:
403:Central Asian steppes
401:, most likely in the
120:1037 – 4 October 1063
79:Al-sultan Al-mu'azzam
1546:Makdisi, G. (1986).
1503:"Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l (I) Beg"
945:Fleet, Kate (2009).
848:Faruk Sümer (2012).
662:Death and succession
560:Battle of Dandanaqan
394:Tughril was born in
309:Tughril united many
160:Central Asian Steppe
128:Position established
1677:Safi, Omid (2006).
1260:Ross, E.D. (1929).
1145:, pp. 553–554.
984:, pp. 552–553.
813:The Pillar of State
615:Abu Mansur Wahsudan
460:Battle of Dabusiyya
280:), better known as
1330:, pp. 266–67.
1303:, pp. 265–66.
1231:10.31576/smryj.542
1207:, pp. 260–61.
741:
541:
370:"Tughril" was the
211:Farrukh al-Khatuni
2306:Founding monarchs
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2272:
1781:
1780:
1772:Succeeded by
1709:978-90-04-28209-4
1664:cite encyclopedia
1642:978-0-7486-3826-0
1627:Peacock, A. C. S.
1586:978-90-04-07819-2
1538:978-0-88706-133-2
1493:978-0-521-20093-6
1351:978-0-7546-4077-6
1276:Journal asiatique
874:cite encyclopedia
865:978-97-53-89713-6
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1873:
1867:
1865:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1843:Arslan Isra'il
1840:
1835:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1795:
1787:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1770:
1761:
1756:
1749:
1748:
1747:Regnal titles
1744:
1743:
1741:4 October 1063
1723:
1720:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1693:
1687:
1674:
1647:
1641:
1623:
1617:
1611:. E.J. Brill.
1600:
1591:
1585:
1558:van Donzel, E.
1543:
1537:
1524:
1511:
1498:
1492:
1472:
1466:
1446:
1440:
1420:
1414:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1357:
1350:
1332:
1320:
1318:, p. 266.
1305:
1293:
1291:, p. 265.
1281:
1267:
1252:
1209:
1197:
1195:, p. 259.
1185:
1183:, p. 269.
1173:
1159:
1157:, p. 262.
1147:
1143:Bosworth 2000b
1135:
1133:, p. 388.
1123:
1111:
1109:, p. 457.
1099:
1097:, p. 239.
1087:
1075:
1073:, p. 225.
1063:
1061:, p. 224.
1051:
1049:, p. 192.
1047:Bosworth 1975a
1039:
1027:
1015:
1013:, p. 553.
1011:Bosworth 2000a
1003:
986:
982:Bosworth 2000b
974:
972:, p. 124.
962:
937:
920:
908:
885:
864:
834:
833:
831:
828:
825:
824:
815:
806:
796:
795:
793:
790:
732:
729:
691:
688:
663:
660:
521:
518:
391:
388:
361:
358:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
249:
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
229:
228:
224:
223:
215:
214:
200:
196:
195:
186:
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180:
179:
167:
163:
162:
150:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
103:
102:
94:
93:
89:
88:
81:
76:
71:
66:
56:
51:
50:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2328:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2296:Seljuk rulers
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2235:Kaykhusraw II
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2070:Turan-Shah II
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Arslan-Shah I
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2004:Governors of
2002:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1959:Governors of
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1940:Suleiman-Shah
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1896:Malik-Shah II
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1862:Seljuk Empire
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1808:
1803:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1776:
1767:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1688:9780807856574
1684:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1665:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1618:9789004097384
1614:
1609:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1544:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1467:0-521-06936-X
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1441:0-521-20093-8
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1415:0-521-20093-8
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1379:5-02-018102-1
1375:
1371:
1364:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1347:
1343:
1336:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1282:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1263:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1198:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1182:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1127:
1124:
1121:, p. 42.
1120:
1119:Minorsky 2000
1115:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1100:
1096:
1095:Madelung 1975
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1072:
1071:Madelung 1975
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:Madelung 1975
1055:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1037:, p. 19.
1036:
1035:Bosworth 1968
1031:
1028:
1025:, p. 18.
1024:
1023:Bosworth 1968
1019:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1004:
1001:, p. 52.
1000:
995:
993:
991:
987:
983:
978:
975:
971:
966:
963:
959:
950:
949:
941:
938:
934:
930:
924:
921:
918:, p. 41.
917:
912:
909:
905:
900:
894:
892:
890:
886:
881:
875:
867:
861:
857:
856:
851:
844:
842:
840:
836:
829:
822:King of Kings
819:
816:
810:
807:
801:
798:
791:
789:
787:
783:
779:
775:
774:Transcaucasia
771:
767:
763:
759:
753:
751:
747:
737:
730:
728:
726:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
689:
687:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
661:
659:
657:
653:
649:
648:İbrahim Yinal
645:
641:
638:to recapture
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
575:
573:
572:Seljuk Empire
569:
565:
561:
556:
554:
553:war elephants
550:
546:
538:
534:
530:
529:Tughrul tower
526:
519:
517:
516:of Khorasan.
515:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
463:
461:
457:
453:
450:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
389:
387:
385:
381:
377:
373:
367:
359:
357:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
307:
305:
304:Seljuk Empire
301:
297:
293:
283:
275:
271:
263:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
238:
234:
225:
220:
216:
213:Sayida Khatun
209:Fülane Khatun
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
168:
164:
161:
151:
147:
143:
140:
137:
133:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
111:Seljuk Empire
108:
104:
100:
95:
92:
87:
86:
82:
80:
77:
75:
74:Rukn al-Dawla
72:
70:
67:
65:
64:
60:
59:
58:
55:
52:
47:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2265:Kayqubad III
2210:Kaykhusraw I
2055:Toghrul-Shah
2035:Turan-Shah I
1995:Ahmad Sanjar
1990:Arslan-Argun
1910:Ahmad Sanjar
1881:Malik-Shah I
1870:
1763:
1752:
1738:
1731:
1724:
1698:
1678:
1655:
1631:
1606:
1595:
1576:
1569:
1549:"al-Kundurī"
1528:
1519:
1516:"Ṭog̲h̲ri̊l"
1506:
1483:
1476:Madelung, W.
1457:
1431:
1405:
1369:
1341:
1335:
1328:Lambton 1988
1323:
1316:Lambton 1988
1301:Lambton 1988
1296:
1289:Lambton 1988
1284:
1275:
1270:
1261:
1255:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1205:Lambton 1988
1200:
1193:Lambton 1988
1188:
1181:Lambton 1988
1176:
1167:
1162:
1155:Lambton 1988
1150:
1138:
1131:Makdisi 1986
1126:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1083:Peacock 2017
1078:
1066:
1054:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
999:Peacock 2015
977:
965:
957:
947:
940:
932:
928:
923:
911:
902:
853:
818:
809:
800:
754:
742:
725:Al-Mustazhir
719:
693:
665:
633:
618:
576:
557:
542:
499:
464:
438:Kara-Khanids
435:
393:
376:bird of prey
369:
339:
308:
295:
291:
287:طغرل / طغریل
281:
269:
268:
188:Tuğrul Tower
129:
91:
83:
78:
73:
68:
61:
57:
54:
43:
2316:Shahanshahs
2291:1063 deaths
2250:Kayqubad II
2215:Suleiman II
2173:(1092–1307)
2161:Sultan-Shah
2134:(1086–1117)
2091:(1076–1105)
2060:Bahram-Shah
2030:Sultan-Shah
2020:Kerman-Shah
2008:(1048–1188)
1985:Toghan-Shah
1980:Arslan-Shah
1963:(1040–1118)
1950:Toghrul III
1945:Arslan-Shah
1935:Muhammad II
1864:(1037–1194)
1848:Musa Yabghu
1658:. New York.
1652:"Rawwadids"
1566:Pellat, Ch.
970:Spuler 2014
786:aristocracy
712:Chaghri Beg
708:Abu Kalijar
668:Chaghri Beg
564:Chaghri Beg
427:Transoxiana
407:Oghuz Turks
374:word for a
354:Mesopotamia
262:Sunni Islam
207:Akka Khatun
125:Predecessor
2286:990 births
2280:Categories
2240:Kaykaus II
2230:Kayqubad I
2195:Malik-Shah
2185:Suleiman I
2156:Alp Arslan
1975:Alp Arslan
1920:Tughril II
1901:Muhammad I
1876:Alp Arslan
1775:Alp Arslan
1721:Tughril I
830:References
778:Asia Minor
704:Alp Arslan
700:Shah Malik
680:Alp Arslan
672:al-Kunduri
629:Byzantines
611:Azerbaijan
579:Tabaristan
483:Shah Malik
399: 993
390:Early life
372:Old Turkic
364:See also:
350:Ghaznavids
156: 993
139:Alp Arslan
85:Shahanshah
2225:Kaykaus I
2180:Qutalmish
2141:Aq Sunqur
2128:Governors
2113:Tutush II
2085:Governors
2040:Iran-Shah
1906:Mahmud II
1891:Berkyaruq
1871:Tughril I
1753:New title
1702:. Brill.
1575:Volume V:
1562:Lewis, B.
1426:(1975b).
1400:(1975a).
1247:226684474
1239:2630-631X
958:Turkomans
933:Turkomans
916:Safi 2006
642:from the
627:with the
609:ruler of
597:ruler of
535:, modern
491:Begtoghdi
467:Ali-Tegin
446:Ghaznavid
321:from the
298:), was a
192:Ray, Iran
135:Successor
2260:Mesud II
2146:Tutush I
2103:Tutush I
2089:Damascus
1961:Khorasan
1886:Mahmud I
1629:(2015).
1598:. Brill.
1577:Khe–Mahi
1568:(eds.).
1478:(1975).
1452:(1968).
758:Khorasan
684:Khurasan
636:Al-Qa'im
625:Anatolia
603:Sallarid
595:Justanid
568:Faramurz
510:Nishapur
506:Khorasan
495:Dihistan
487:Mas'ud I
471:Khwarazm
431:Khwarazm
346:Kakuyids
335:Fatimids
333:and the
311:Turkoman
300:Turkoman
258:Religion
2200:Mesud I
1970:Chaghri
1860:of the
1858:Sultans
1391:Sources
904:sultan.
716:Al-Qaim
652:Baghdad
640:Baghdad
607:Rawadid
456:Sarakhs
442:Bukhara
415:Chaghri
319:Baghdad
296:Tughrul
292:Toghril
282:Tughril
274:Persian
109:of the
49:Tughril
32:Toghrul
18:Tughril
2151:Ridwan
2132:Aleppo
2118:Irtash
2025:Husein
2015:Qawurd
2006:Kerman
1838:Mikail
1833:Seljuk
1737:
1706:
1685:
1639:
1615:
1583:
1564:&
1535:
1490:
1464:
1438:
1412:
1376:
1348:
1245:
1237:
862:
782:feudal
731:Legacy
690:Family
676:regent
656:Tabriz
644:Buyids
620:khutba
601:. The
599:Daylam
591:Qazvin
583:Gurgan
514:Sultan
481:ruler
449:Sultan
419:Seljuk
411:Mikail
342:Buyids
323:Buyids
315:Persia
252:Mikail
248:Father
242:Seljuk
199:Spouse
183:Burial
107:Sultan
2108:Duqaq
2098:Atsiz
1925:Masud
1915:Dawud
1828:Tuqaq
1739:Died:
1732:Born:
1552:. In
1243:S2CID
952:(PDF)
792:Notes
770:Syria
746:Turks
545:Herat
520:Reign
479:Oghuz
475:Harun
366:Turul
237:House
222:Names
176:Jibal
117:Reign
39:Turul
1908:and
1704:ISBN
1683:ISBN
1670:link
1637:ISBN
1613:ISBN
1581:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1488:ISBN
1462:ISBN
1436:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1346:ISBN
1235:ISSN
880:link
860:ISBN
776:and
766:Iraq
762:Iran
720:qadi
589:and
581:and
558:The
549:Merv
537:Iran
502:Marw
429:and
423:Jand
360:Name
348:and
166:Died
149:Born
2130:of
2087:of
1734:990
1227:doi
587:Ray
533:Rey
440:of
172:Ray
63:Beg
2282::
1666:}}
1662:{{
1654:.
1573:.
1560:;
1556:;
1518:.
1505:.
1360:^
1308:^
1241:.
1233:.
1221:.
989:^
901:.
888:^
876:}}
872:{{
852:.
838:^
772:,
768:,
764:,
760:,
658:.
631:.
613:,
555:.
473:,
462:.
396:c.
344:,
294:/
276::
190:,
174:,
153:c.
1806:e
1799:t
1792:v
1712:.
1691:.
1672:)
1645:.
1621:.
1589:.
1541:.
1522:.
1509:.
1496:.
1470:.
1444:.
1418:.
1382:.
1354:.
1249:.
1229::
1223:6
1085:.
882:)
868:.
539:.
284:(
272:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
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