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and primarily consists of tidal marsh. Over time, human habitation on the island changed its topography, in part due to a process known as shell mounding, which increased the elevation of the island as Wiyot continually placed shells remaining from subsistence fishery management in the same location
409:
On
December 5, 2018, the Eureka City Council voted unanimously to return the rest of the land to the Wiyot people. On October 21, 2019, the city deeded all its land on the island to the Wiyot people, which means that the Wiyot own most of the island. Duluwat Island's repatriation is believed to be
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Every year since 1992, the Wiyot people and supporters come to the island on the last
Saturday in February to heal the community, and remember the human lives lost at the time of the Massacre. Every year participation has increased at the vigil on a nearby island.
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The city of Eureka and the Wiyot Tribe have installed a temporary erosion control system to mitigate erosion on the site. Contamination from the shipyard activities will need to be cleaned up prior to the development of a new Wiyot dance facility.
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people, mainly women and children, were massacred while most of the men were away during a World
Renewal Ceremony. The massacre was carried out by European immigrants, who had settled in the area since 1850 as part of the
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Robert
Gunther acquired the island in 1860, three days before the massacre, giving it the name it had for much of recent history. Gunther diked the island and ran dairy cattle there for nearly 40 years.
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518:"Symposium: A New Look at some Old Sites, Papers from the Symposium Organized by Francis A. Riddell: Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology, March 23-26, 1983, San Diego, California"
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and other archaeological remains which identify a second migration within
California around 300 CE. The first major evidence of this came from Gunther Island Site 67 on Indian Island.
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648:"The Humboldt Butchery of Indian Infants and Women-Jacob Elyea Hanged Bogus Mining Stories A Solid Ledge of Gold at Jacksonville Items About Town, & c."
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lived in
Tolowot village on Duluwat Island long enough to alter the topography by the accumulation of shell fragments in
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402:, transferred the area towards the Wiyot's goal to see the Wiyot dance the World Renewal ceremony again on the island.
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846:
Heizer, R.F.; A.B. Elsasser (1964). "The
Archaeology of Hum-67: The Gunther Island Site in Humboldt Bay, California".
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National
Register of Historic Places marker on Woodley Island in foreground, Tuluwat Island on other side of channel.
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The current island is about 280 acres (1,100,000 m) with about 40 acres (160,000 m) to the north-east of
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An aerial view of
Humboldt Bay taken from the southwest. Tuluwat Island can be seen on the top left, next to
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the first time for a U.S. municipality to return land to an
Indigenous community without strings attached.
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In June 2004, 67 acres (270,000 m) of land was repatriated back into Wiyot hands. The city of
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In the 1870s a shipyard repair facility was constructed. The shipyard operated until the 1980s.
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The island is the largest of three islands located between the Samoa and Eureka Channels within
796:"Indigenous people across the US want their land back -- and the movement is gaining momentum"
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322:, and the island became tall enough to be visible on the horizon from several miles away.
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850:. Berkeley, CA: Reports of the University of California Archaeological Survey: 5–122.
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University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
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623:"The Wiyot Tribe Is Getting Its Land Back and Making California More Affordable"
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Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in California
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738:"Eureka City Council votes to return Indian Island to the Wiyot Tribe"
524:. Coyote Press Archives of California Prehistory: 49–54. 25 May 2011.
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List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places
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National Register of Historic Places in Humboldt County, California
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The Indian Island Cultural and Environmental Restoration Project
765:"Native American tribe regains island taken after 1860 massacre"
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462:"Indian Island Likely to Return to Wiyot Tribe Next Month"
430:
National Register Information System (April 15, 2008).
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at Gunther Island Site 67. Since October 21, 2019, the
597:"Coastal Healthy Forest Treatments Heritage Resources"
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built a series of bridges (known collectively as the
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History of the National Register of Historic Places
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570:"L.L. Loud and the Beginning of Nevada Archaeology"
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967:List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state
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16:Archaeological site in California, United States
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281:have had the land deed to most of the Island.
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907:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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325:A non-degree student and employee of the
40:U.S. National Register of Historic Places
354:On February 26, 1860, about two hundred
714:. National Park Service. Archived from
528:from the original on September 28, 2006
434:. National Park Service. Archived from
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1415:History of Humboldt County, California
1395:Islands of Humboldt County, California
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806:from the original on February 17, 2021
688:from the original on November 10, 2011
576:from the original on September 8, 2011
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432:"National Register of Historic Places"
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1420:Native American history of California
775:from the original on October 22, 2019
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744:from the original on August 15, 2019
794:Kaur, Harmeet (November 26, 2020).
712:National Historic Landmarks Program
602:. Coastal Healthy Forest Treatments
1322:National Historic Preservation Act
460:Greenson, Thadeus (May 24, 2019).
261:was perpetrated in the village of
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708:"Tolowot, Gunther Island Site 67"
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472:from the original on May 1, 2021
301:and the rest to the south-west.
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621:Goodluck, Kalen (May 9, 2023).
595:Martinek, Gary (May 25, 2005).
568:Barker, Pat (January 4, 2011).
49:U.S. National Historic Landmark
1430:Islands of Northern California
1275:Federated States of Micronesia
921:Architectural style categories
572:. Online Nevada Encyclopedia.
192:
1:
118:Show map of the United States
516:Elsasser, Albert B. (1986).
363:. There were few survivors.
294:over a period of centuries.
186:280 acres (1,100,000 m)
21:United States historic place
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1327:Historic Preservation Fund
1306:American Legation, Morocco
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299:California State Route 255
271:National Historic Landmark
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1268:Lists by associated state
191:NRHP reference
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1249:Northern Mariana Islands
327:University of California
1244:Minor Outlying Islands
1227:Lists by insular areas
941:Keeper of the Register
863:Cite journal requires
549:Cite journal requires
235:
167:40.81000°N 124.17000°W
93:Show map of California
32:Gunther Island Site 67
1390:Islands of California
946:National Park Service
926:Contributing property
229:
1301:District of Columbia
740:. December 5, 2018.
361:California Gold Rush
172:40.81000; -124.17000
466:North Coast Journal
438:on December 4, 2010
367:European settlement
350:1860 Wiyot Massacre
259:1860 Wiyot Massacre
253:within the city of
217:Designated NHL
163: /
1410:Eureka, California
496:2011-06-06 at the
400:Eureka, California
269:on this island. A
255:Eureka, California
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140:Eureka, California
131:Address restricted
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931:Historic district
769:www.aljazeera.com
682:"Tuluwat Project"
334:projectile points
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204:Significant dates
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834:Map of Island
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1173:South Dakota
1163:Rhode Island
1158:Pennsylvania
1138:North Dakota
856:cite journal
847:
808:. Retrieved
799:
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748:December 13,
746:. Retrieved
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720:. Retrieved
716:the original
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542:cite journal
530:. Retrieved
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436:the original
408:
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389:Samoa Bridge
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291:Humboldt Bay
288:
279:Wiyot people
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251:Humboldt Bay
246:
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136:Nearest city
18:
1294:Other areas
1254:Puerto Rico
1088:Mississippi
1003:Connecticut
779:October 22,
532:February 7,
491:NHL Summary
338:grave goods
232:Daby Island
170: /
158:124°10′12″W
146:Coordinates
1384:Categories
1203:Washington
1123:New Mexico
1118:New Jersey
993:California
414:References
379:Modern era
241:(formerly
155:40°48′36″N
1213:Wisconsin
1178:Tennessee
1083:Minnesota
1058:Louisiana
285:Geography
1369:Category
1198:Virginia
1148:Oklahoma
1128:New York
1103:Nebraska
1093:Missouri
1078:Michigan
1068:Maryland
1053:Kentucky
1033:Illinois
1008:Delaware
998:Colorado
988:Arkansas
810:April 4,
804:Archived
773:Archived
742:Archived
686:Archived
574:Archived
526:Archived
494:Archived
470:Archived
442:March 3,
385:Caltrans
383:In 1971
198:66000208
128:Location
1315:Related
1218:Wyoming
1193:Vermont
1098:Montana
1038:Indiana
1018:Georgia
1013:Florida
983:Arizona
973:Alabama
632:May 11,
320:middens
305:History
267:Tuluwat
263:Tolowot
1153:Oregon
1108:Nevada
1048:Kansas
1023:Hawaii
978:Alaska
914:Topics
476:May 1,
275:midden
257:. The
1400:Wiyot
1285:Palau
1183:Texas
1063:Maine
1028:Idaho
651:(PDF)
627:Dwell
600:(PDF)
356:Wiyot
316:Wiyot
1239:Guam
1188:Utah
1143:Ohio
1043:Iowa
869:help
812:2021
781:2019
763:AP.
750:2018
724:2011
694:2011
663:2011
634:2023
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