27:
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Although sleeping in the supine position without sufficient tummy time may change the physical appearance of the head through plagiocephaly and consequently promote developmental delays, regardless of these effects, it is essential that infants are placed to sleep on their back, because of the risk
88:(flat head syndrome) in infants. Along with tummy time, rotating the direction infants lie in their cribs as well as avoiding too much time in car seats, carriers, and bouncers are behaviors recommended to alleviate the associated risks of infants sleeping in a
116:) at a slower rate compared to infants who sleep in the prone position. When babies experience tummy time in their waking hours, they are provided with opportunities to strengthen their neck and trunk muscles. Positioning the infant on their
459:
Myers, MM; Fifer, WP; Schaeffer, L; Sahni, R; Ohira-Kist, K; Stark, RI; Schulze, KF (1998). "Effects of sleeping position and time after feeding on the organization of sleep/wake states in prematurely born infants".
147:, first in short sessions of three to five minutes, two to three times a day. As babies grow more receptive towards the sessions, they can be extended and performed more frequently. The
334:
563:
Amemiya, Fumiaki; Vos, Johan E; Prechtl, Heinz FR (1991). "Effects of prone and supine position on heart rate, respiratory rate and motor activity in fullterm newborn infants".
849:"Physical Therapy Management of Congenital Muscular Torticollis: A 2018 Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline From the APTA Academy of Pediatric Physical Therapy"
833:
151:
advises that infants under one year of age who are not yet mobile should experience tummy time for at least 30 minutes per day across sessions. Supervision by a
163:
or show noncompliance when it is first introduced, however enjoyment may be increased by providing stimulating objects during sessions, such as preferred
680:
Martiniuk, Alexandra L. C.; Vujovich-Dunn, Cassandra; Park, Miles; Yu, William; Lucas, Barbara R. (2017-01-01). "Plagiocephaly and
Developmental Delay".
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Kahn A, Rebuffat E, Sottiaux M, Dufour D, Cadranel S, Reiterer F (February 1991). "Arousals induced by proximal esophageal reflux in infants".
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741:
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Brackbill, Yvonne; Douthitt, Thomas C.; West, Helen (1973). "Psychophysiologic effects in the neonate of prone versus supine placement".
80:
campaign started in 1994, an unintended consequence was that babies missed out on the twelve or so hours they used to spend in the
487:
Sahni, Rakesh; Saluja, Deepak; Schulze, Karl F; Kashyap, Sudha; Ohira-Kist, Kiyoko; Fifer, William P; Myers, Michael M (2002).
914:"Effects of Activation of Preferred Stimulus on Tummy Time Behavior of an Infant with Down Syndrome and Associated Hypotonia"
65:
391:
Davis, B. E.; Moon, R. Y.; Sachs, H. C.; Ottolini, M. C. (1998). "Effects of Sleep
Position on Infant Motor Development".
353:
Majnemer, Annette; Barr, Ronald G (2005). "Influence of supine sleep positioning on early motor milestone acquisition".
199:
73:
638:"Does the Supine Sleeping Position Have Any Adverse Effects on the Child? II. Development in the First 18 Months"
148:
489:"Quality of Diet, Body Position, and Time after Feeding Influence Behavioral States in Low Birth Weight Infants"
120:
while awake will not impact the amount of slow wave sleep since tummy time only occurs when an infant is awake.
155:
or caregiver is important during tummy time so that the infant's position can be monitored and to encourage
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Graham, John M.; Kreutzman, Jeannie; Earl, Dawn; Halberg, Andy; Samayoa, Carlos; Guo, Xiuqing (2005).
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Laughlin, J.; Luerssen, T. G.; Dias, M. S.; Committee On
Practice Ambulatory Medicine (2011).
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Safe to Sleep, US Department of Health and Human
Services, National Institutes of Health
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Gardner, H. Garry; Sarwark, John F. (2008). "Tummy Time Key to
Prevent Delays".
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EFFECTS OF ACCESS TO A STIMULATING OBJECT ON INFANT BEHAVIOR DURING TUMMY TIME
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Kemp, James S. (2006). "Asymmetric heads and failure to climb stairs".
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269:"Prevention and Management of Positional Skull Deformities in Infants"
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Infants put to sleep in the supine position have been found to reach
54:
42:
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Kaplan, Sandra L.; Coulter, Colleen; Sargent, Barbara (2018-10-01).
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Dewey, C.; Fleming, P.; Golding, J.; The Alspac Study Team (1998).
309:"Doctor Finds Success In Treating Infants With Flat-Head Syndrome"
168:
159:. Babies who are unaccustomed to frequent tummy time sessions may
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25:
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76:(SIDS). Although the rate of SIDS has decreased by 50% since the
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Furthermore, tummy time provides infants with opportunities for
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164:
742:"To grow up healthy, children need to sit less and play more"
49:
while awake and supervised to encourage development of the
814:. The Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior.
759:
Graham, John M. (2006-03-01). "Tummy Time is
Important".
975:"Deformational brachycephaly in supine-sleeping infants"
335:
National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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Tummy time may also be used to stabilize the neck in
912:
Boutot, E. Amanda; DiGangi, Samuel A. (2018-02-23).
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436:"How to ensure your baby's neck muscles are strong"
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84:while asleep, and there was a sharp increase in
143:Tummy time is recommended to be practiced from
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832:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
355:Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology
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331:"Back to Sleep Public Education Campaign"
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810:Kadey, Heather J Roane, Henry S (2012).
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16:Colloquialism related to child-rearing
1039:"Babies need 'tummy time' to develop"
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68:recommended babies sleep on their
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311:. CBS Los Angeles. April 30, 2013
506:10.1203/00006450-200209000-00016
131:development through interactive
104:developmental milestones (e.g.
30:An infant lying on his stomach.
66:American Academy of Pediatrics
1:
1070:10.1016/S0031-398X(08)70506-X
1037:Elliott, Jane (1 July 2006).
918:Behavior Analysis in Practice
577:10.1016/S0387-7604(12)80020-9
542:10.1016/S0022-3476(73)80017-4
865:10.1097/PEP.0000000000000544
694:10.1097/dbp.0000000000000376
361:(6): 370–6, discussion 364.
200:Sudden infant death syndrome
74:sudden infant death syndrome
1022:10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.043
992:10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.10.017
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853:Pediatric Physical Therapy
773:10.1177/000992280604500202
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1010:The Journal of Pediatrics
979:The Journal of Pediatrics
930:10.1007/s40617-018-0212-5
746:World Health Organization
530:The Journal of Pediatrics
367:10.1017/S0012162205000733
240:"Babies Need Tummy Time!"
149:World Health Organization
19:Not to be confused with
405:10.1542/peds.102.5.1135
135:with their supervisor.
286:10.1542/peds.2011-2220
205:Safe to Sleep Campaign
31:
703:1959.4/unsworks_43153
655:10.1542/peds.101.1.e5
565:Brain and Development
96:Impact on development
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57:muscles and prevent
761:Clinical Pediatrics
493:Pediatric Research
157:social interaction
59:skull deformations
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748:. April 24, 2019.
337:. March 23, 2010.
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41:for placing
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215:Torticollis
176:torticollis
72:to prevent
1087:Pediatrics
1064:(10): 24.
1048:2007-06-21
642:Pediatrics
445:2021-03-19
393:Pediatrics
273:Pediatrics
221:References
190:of SIDS.
180:hypertonia
35:Tummy time
21:Timmy Time
938:1998-1929
873:1538-005X
828:cite book
820:810682892
781:0009-9228
712:0196-206X
648:(1): e5.
249:April 30,
125:cognitive
1081:Category
1043:BBC News
1030:17095324
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295:22123884
194:See also
106:crawling
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620:1811318
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145:birth
102:motor
70:backs
55:trunk
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869:ISSN
834:link
816:OCLC
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470:PMID
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371:PMID
317:2013
291:PMID
251:2020
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165:toys
133:play
127:and
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