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Bitumba are express a variety of themes. The most widely found - about twenty percent of statues belong to this type - is a figure who raises his hands in front of his face in a gesture often interpreted as praying. The second most prevalent theme is that of mother and child. The art of Lower Zaire,
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Artist Robert Verly gathered a large number of statues in the north of Angola near the Zaire border and, in the May 1955 issue of Zaire, he classified the objects by type and proposed an explanation for their use. In July 1978, the
Institut des Musees Nationaux du
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Bitumba sculptures are unique in their variety of styles. Robert Farris
Thompson has identified about twenty workshops that explain stylistic individuality. The wide dispersal of the works, however, has made it impossible to localize their centers of production.
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Bitumba were executed in soft stone. Their average height it close to 50 centimeters; the smallest bitumba measure between 15 and 20 centimeters and the largest are approximately a meter in height.
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subjects. The third theme is that of the "thinker," who holds on hand on the hip and the other pressed to check in an attitude of meditation.
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comes from the
Kikongo word "tumbama" which means "to be placed or set before". In the
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Verly, Robert (1955). "La
Statuaire de pierre du Bas-Congo (Bamboma-Musurongo)".
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mounted an exhibition of 72 bitumba called "Sculptures Stones from Lower Zaire."
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word, pl. bitumba) on the graves of powerful people. Bitumba were created in
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during the nineteenth century and the first part of the twentieth. The term
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The four moments of the sun : Kongo art in two worlds
123:
Dictionary & Grammar Of The Kongo
Language, pg.216
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means "image, engraving, statue", showing a relation.
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20:Tumba, from the collection of the Brooklyn Museum
148:Thompson, Robert Farris; Cornet, Joseph (1981).
273:History of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
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152:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art.
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307:Seven Kingdoms of Kongo dia Nlaza
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194:Pierres sculptées du Bas-Zaïre
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52:language of the neighbouring
102:, is known for privileging
28:place stone figures called
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98:and especially the art of
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399:House of Kinkanga/Nsundi
64:Materials and Dimensions
844:Battle of Mbidizi River
371:List of rulers of Kongo
192:Cornet, Joseph (1978).
849:Battle of São Salvador
506:Capital: M'banza-Kongo
134:Parlons Yipunu, pg.152
21:
829:Battle of Mbanda Kasi
19:
1066:Ancestral veneration
973:Chicamassi-chinuinji
692:Ancestral veneration
601:Chicamassi-chinuinji
414:House of Água Rosada
820:Conquest of Kabunga
792:Kongolese longboat
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1285:African sculpture
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1266:
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942:Kongo Catholicism
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834:Battle of Kitombo
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579:Kongo Catholicism
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404:House of Kimpanzu
389:House of Kilukeni
268:History of Angola
89:Styles and Themes
54:Republic of Congo
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1290:Kingdom of Kongo
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839:Battle of Mbwila
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797:Iron stake traps
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409:House of Kinlaza
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1071:Kalunga line
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343:Queen Mother
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1280:African art
1215:Espiritismo
1159:Goofer dust
1044:Phulu Bunzi
1010:Mbantilanda
1006:Mamba Muntu
932:Antonianism
672:Phulu Bunzi
638:Mbantilanda
634:Mamba Muntu
569:Antonianism
317:Mpemba Kasi
300:Preceded by
196:. Kinshasa.
181:. Brussels.
56:, the word
1274:Categories
1184:Ring shout
1022:Moni-Mambu
987:Kuitikuiti
650:Moni-Mambu
615:Kuitikuiti
544:Portuguese
333:Awenekongo
159:089468003X
110:References
1200:Candomblé
1193:Religions
990:Lubangala
924:Religions
805:Longsword
618:Lubangala
562:Religions
531:Languages
511:Nsi Kwilu
498:Geography
202:cite book
104:maternity
1260:Category
1229:Convince
1179:Mojo bag
1138:Diaspora
1058:Elements
1037:Nzambici
1002:Ma Kiela
976:Dinganga
875:Category
767:Military
685:Elements
665:Nzambici
630:Ma Kiela
604:Dinganga
554:Religion
436:Currency
292:Monarchy
83:Kinshasa
34:Ki-Kongo
1174:Kumbaya
999:Makanga
996:Lusunzi
993:Lusiemo
984:Kimbazi
961:Deities
814:Battles
782:Archery
775:Tactics
627:Makanga
624:Lusunzi
621:Lusiemo
612:Kimbazi
589:Deities
539:Kikongo
474:Lubongo
428:Economy
100:Mayombe
1233:Kumina
1164:Hoodoo
1146:Hoodoo
1124:Nkondi
1096:Nlongo
1091:Nganga
1081:Mfinda
1048:Yahweh
1028:Ntangu
1025:Ngonde
1019:Mbumba
1013:Mbenza
748:Nkondi
722:Nlongo
717:Nganga
707:Mfinda
676:Yahweh
656:Ntangu
653:Ngonde
647:Mbumba
641:Mbenza
516:Nsundi
469:Banana
443:Nzimbu
363:Rulers
326:Titles
255:Topics
156:
58:itumbe
42:Angola
1210:Comfa
1204:Bantu
1129:Tumba
1119:Nkisi
1101:Simbi
1041:Nzazi
1016:Mboze
980:Jesus
969:Bunzi
937:Kongo
753:Tumba
743:Nkisi
727:Simbi
669:Nzazi
644:Mboze
608:Jesus
597:Bunzi
574:Kongo
462:Goods
338:Ngola
175:Zaïre
79:Zaire
46:tumba
38:Zaire
30:tumba
26:Kongo
1225:Myal
1220:Palo
521:Soyo
484:Taro
208:link
154:ISBN
50:Punu
40:and
24:The
1111:Art
736:Art
32:(a
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
