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224:. They use a comparatively lightweight component to reduce the vibration of a system so that its worst-case vibrations are less intense. Roughly speaking, practical systems are tuned to either move the main mode away from a troubling excitation frequency, or to add damping to a resonance that is difficult or expensive to damp directly. An example of the latter is a crankshaft torsional damper. Mass dampers are frequently implemented with a frictional or hydraulic component that turns mechanical kinetic energy into heat, like an automotive
565:
346:. This assumes that the system is linear, so if the force on the motor were to double, so would the force on the motor mounts. The blue line represents the baseline system, with a maximum response of 9 units of force at around 9 units of frequency. The red line shows the effect of adding a tuned mass of 10% of the baseline mass. It has a maximum response of 5.5, at a frequency of 7. As a side effect, it also has a second normal mode and will vibrate somewhat more than the baseline system at frequencies below about 6 and above about 10.
685:
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152:
298:
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429:, the blue line shows the motion of the damping mass and the red line shows the motion of the primary mass. The amplitude plot shows that at low frequencies, the damping mass resonates much more than the primary mass. The phase plot shows that at low frequencies, the two masses are in phase. As the frequency increases
788:
in people. A TMD is usually tuned to its building's resonant frequency to work efficiently. However, during their lifetimes, high-rise and slender buildings may experience natural resonant frequency changes under wind speed, ambient temperature and relative humidity variations, among other factors,
555:
incorporated a tuned mass damper (referred to as a "Batteur" in the original French) of very similar design to that used in the
Renault F1 car, from the start of production in 1949 on all four wheels, before being removed from the rear and eventually the front wheels in the mid 1970s.
749:
technologies. As mentioned above, damping devices had been used in the aeronautics and automobile industries long before they were standard in mitigating seismic damage to buildings. In fact, the first specialized damping devices for earthquakes were not developed until late in 1950.
528:
and, more rarely, the bending modes of the crankshaft. They are also used on the driveline for gearwhine, and elsewhere for other noises or vibrations on the exhaust, body, suspension or anywhere else. Almost all modern cars will have one mass damper, and some may have ten or more.
503:
Two weeks later, the FIA International Court of Appeal deemed the mass damper illegal. It was deemed to be illegal because the mass was not rigidly attached to the chassis; the influence the damper had on the pitch attitude of the car in turn affected the gap under the car and the
349:
The heights of the two peaks can be adjusted by changing the stiffness of the spring in the tuned mass damper. Changing the damping also changes the height of the peaks, in a complex fashion. The split between the two peaks can be changed by altering the mass of the damper
576:
with pedestrian loads. By adding a tuned mass damper, damping is added to the structure which causes the vibration of the structure to be reduced as the vibration steady state amplitude is inversely proportional to the damping of the structure.
779:
The force of wind against tall buildings can cause the top of skyscrapers to move more than a meter. This motion can be in the form of swaying or twisting, and can cause the upper floors of such buildings to move. Certain angles of wind and
663:
A standard tuned mass damper for wind turbines consists of an auxiliary mass which is attached to the main structure by means of springs and dashpot elements. The natural frequency of the tuned mass damper is basically defined by its
712:
Unwanted vibration may be caused by environmental forces acting on a structure, such as wind or earthquake, or by a seemingly innocuous vibration source causing resonance that may be destructive, unpleasant or simply inconvenient.
672:. The tuned parameter of the tuned mass damper enables the auxiliary mass to oscillate with a phase shift with respect to the motion of the structure. In a typical configuration, an auxiliary mass hung below the
309:) the 10% tuned mass. The peak response is reduced from 9 units down to 5.5 units. While the maximum response force is reduced, there are some operating frequencies for which the response force is increased.
770:
Masses of people walking up and down stairs at once, or great numbers of people stomping in unison, can cause serious problems in large structures like stadiums if those structures lack damping measures.
2029:
1608:
1797:
313:
The graph shows the effect of a tuned mass damper on a simple spring–mass–damper system, excited by vibrations with an amplitude of one unit of force applied to the main mass,
50:
1773:
1471:
Heinemeyer, Cristoph; Butz, Christiane; Keil, Andreas; Schlaich, Mike; Goldbeck, Arndt; Trometor, Stefan; Lukic, Mladen; Chabrolin, Bruno; Lemaire, Armand (2009-10-01).
572:
The tuned mass damper is widely being used as a method to add damping to bridges. One use-case for tuned mass dampers in bridges is to prevent large vibrations due to
2078:
1295:
in
Philadelphia — A set of five tuned dampers containing 125,000 gallons of water—about 500 tons—are located on the 57th floor between the hotel's rooms and lobby.
1390:
496:. The system reportedly reduced lap times by 0.3 seconds: a phenomenal gain for a relatively simple device. The stewards of the meeting deemed it legal, but the
1691:. Švácha, Rostislav., Beran, Lukáš, 1978-, Muzeum umění Olomouc., SIAL architekti a inženýři (Firm) (1st ed.). Olomouc: Arbor vitae. 2010. pp. 50–61.
532:
The usual design of damper on the crankshaft consists of a thin band of rubber between the hub of the pulley and the outer rim. This device, often called a
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of the car. As such, the damper was considered to be a movable aerodynamic device and hence an illegal influence on the performance of the
238:
attached via motor mounts to the ground, the motor vibrates as it operates and the soft motor mounts act as a parallel spring and damper,
1889:
1212:
878:
1956:
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737:, and the height and construction of the building. Seismic activity can cause excessive oscillations of the building which may lead to
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and completed in 1977, it was one of the first skyscrapers to use a tuned mass damper to reduce sway. Uses a concrete version.
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81:
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in Japan, formerly the world's longest suspension bridge, uses pendulums within its suspension towers as tuned mass dampers.
617:
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259:. In order to reduce the maximum force on the motor mounts as the motor operates over a range of speeds, a smaller mass,
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1745:
1245:
1498:"Efficient measurement of floating breakwater vibration and controlled vibration parameters using compressive sensing"
648:
320:. An important measure of performance is the ratio of the force on the motor mounts to the force vibrating the motor,
813:
162:
978:
skyscraper — 660 metric tons (730 short tons) damper, formerly the world's heaviest. Located on 87th to 92nd floors.
1996:
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1502:
Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment
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of the object it is mounted to, and reduces the object's maximum amplitude while weighing much less than it.
1103:
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916:— employs tuned liquid column dampers, a unique form of tuned mass damper at the time of their installation.
589:
solid fuel booster was to use 16 tuned mass dampers as part of a design strategy to reduce peak loads from 6
384:
is more complex, showing the phase and magnitude of the motion of each mass, for the two cases, relative to
1151:
1988:
1674:
1311:(1976) — The first building to use a tuned mass damper, which was added after the building was completed.
1289:— Contains the largest Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) in the world at 1,300 short tons (1,200 t).
1201:— nicknamed 'The Wobbly Bridge' due to swaying under heavy foot traffic. Dampers were fitted in response.
1426:
998:
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To arrest any sway of such a tall structure, two Tuned Mass
Dampers of 250 tonnes each have been used.
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1298:
1241:
1225:
1155:
505:
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1583:
Sauter, D; Hagedorn, P (December 2002). "On the hysteresis of wire cables in
Stockbridge dampers".
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When installed in buildings, dampers are typically huge concrete blocks or steel bodies mounted in
606:
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1337:— The first building in the United States to be designed with a tuned mass damper from the outset.
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A schematic of a simple spring–mass–damper system used to demonstrate the tuned mass damper system
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Two 250 tonne tuned mass dampers were placed at chest height to control the sway in high winds.
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1035:– two tuned mass dampers of 250 ton each located at the chest level of Sardar Patel statue.
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and simultaneously pulls on the primary mass in the same direction as the motor mounts.
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The
Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Jassy, Construction. Architecture Section
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1853:"Recent Applications of Some Active Control Systems to Civil Engineering Structures"
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1232:— Contains the heaviest solid damper in the world, at 800 short tons (730 t).
1989:"Engineers on the rise: Four young professionals tackle a career-making project"
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138:. They are frequently used in power transmission, automobiles and buildings.
1538:"Ares I Thrust Oscillation meetings conclude with encouraging data, changes"
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1875:"Tapering Begins as 111 West 57th Street Reaches for 1,428-Foot Pinnacle"
1019:— a 50-ton tuned mass damper installed just beneath the ATC floor at 90m.
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The tuned mass damper was introduced as part of the suspension system by
520:
Tuned mass dampers are widely used in production cars, typically on the
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1391:"How Renault Won a World Championship by Creating a Tuned Mass Damper"
536:, is located on the other end of the crankshaft opposite of where the
1308:
1095:, uses a TMD to damp vibrations in two intertwined helical stairways.
1078:
988:
586:
1001:– cylindrical containers filled with granulate in the mast structure
1851:
Luca, Septimiu-George; Pastia, Cristian; Chira, Florentina (2007).
394:
In the plots at right, the black line shows the baseline response (
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1327:— First building in California to have a liquid tuned mass damper
745:, a proper building design is performed engaging various seismic
127:
springs. Its oscillation frequency is tuned to be similar to the
1473:"Design of Lightweight Footbridges for Human Induced Vibrations"
784:
properties of a building can accentuate the movement and cause
651:
to reduce the high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillation termed
450:, maximizing the damping effect by maximizing the amplitude of
1812:
796:
497:
220:
Tuned mass dampers stabilize against violent motion caused by
145:
25:
1746:"India Unveils 'Statue of Unity' - The Worlds Largest Statue"
568:
1923:
Invention by Design: How
Engineers Get from Thought to Thing
1411:
Bishop, Matt (2006). "The Long
Interview: Flavio Briatore".
793:
Examples of buildings and structures with tuned mass dampers
733:
in various ways depending on the frequency and direction of
676:
of a wind turbine supported by dampers or friction plates.
301:
Response of the system excited by one unit of force, with (
597:, with the TMDs being responsible for the reduction from 1
294:
is the effective force on the motor due to its operation.
443:
until at around 9.5 Hz it is 180° out of phase with
119:, is a device mounted in structures to reduce mechanical
1828:"Ribbon Chapel / Hiroshi Nakamura & NAP Architects"
540:
and the transmission are. An alternative design is the
46:
1776:. 2019-03-23. Archived from the original on 2019-03-23
696:
or other structures, which move in opposition to the
766:
in London. The white disk is not part of the damper.
1660:
Earthquakes and
Engineers: An International History
621:The small black objects attached to the cables are
41:
may be too technical for most readers to understand
1920:
879:"Engineering and Construction of the Sydney Tower"
688:Location of Taipei 101's largest tuned mass damper
16:Device designed to reduce vibrations in structures
1343:— Uses two liquid filled dampers in New York City
134:TMDs can prevent discomfort, damage, or outright
1796:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
1563:"Shock Absorber Plan Set for NASA's New Rocket"
1774:"The Statue of Unity | Sardar Patel | L&T"
123:, consisting of a mass mounted on one or more
1585:International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
943:, is the third tallest building in the world.
8:
464:, this maximizes the energy dissipated into
2049:Structures Incorporating Tuned Mass Dampers
2026:Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat
1496:Akkas, Kaan; Bayindir, Cihan (2023-10-13).
995:) — tuned mass damper located in the spire.
831:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
680:Dampers in buildings and related structures
585:One proposal to reduce vibration on NASA's
180:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
700:oscillations of the structure by means of
609:between the upper stages and the booster.
1811:ACS, Matthew Allard (November 24, 2015).
851:Learn how and when to remove this message
200:Learn how and when to remove this message
69:Learn how and when to remove this message
53:, without removing the technical details.
668:and the damping ratio determined by the
1448:"Jan Linzelviaduct – Tuned Mass Damper"
1382:
2079:Earthquake and seismic risk mitigation
2003:from the original on November 22, 2017
1789:
1712:
1427:"FIA bans controversial damper system"
605:, the rest being done by conventional
1826:Nakamura, Hiroshi (4 February 2015).
368:of displacements in the system with (
51:make it understandable to non-experts
7:
829:adding citations to reliable sources
789:which requires a robust TMD design.
625:on this 400 kV power line near
178:adding citations to reliable sources
1987:Bob Fernandez (December 10, 2014).
613:Dampers in power transmission lines
252:. The force on the motor mounts is
1629:"Cable clingers – 27 October 2007"
708:Sources of vibration and resonance
14:
2023:"One Madison Park, New York City"
1351:Los Angeles International Airport
401: = 0). Now considering
801:
500:appealed against that decision.
150:
30:
1890:"In Detail> 432 Park Avenue"
1275:in New York City — Designed by
1125:Independence Square, Nur-Sultan
947:Shanghai World Financial Center
1207:— Prior to the topping out of
1:
1605:10.1016/S0020-7462(02)00028-8
1267:Bloomberg Tower/731 Lexington
729:will make buildings sway and
542:centrifugal pendulum absorber
741:. To enhance the building's
544:which is used to reduce the
1657:Reitherman, Robert (2012).
1477:JRC Publications Repository
1429:. Pitpass.com. 21 July 2006
1321:One Rincon Hill South Tower
475:Mass dampers in automobiles
2095:
1997:Philadelphia Media Network
1663:. Reston, VA: ASCE Press.
1213:tallest building in the UK
1170:offshore drilling platform
1150:Steel chimneys in Moscow (
1046:Tehran International Tower
581:Mass dampers in spacecraft
546:internal combustion engine
273:by a spring and a damper,
18:
1894:The Architect's Newspaper
1510:10.1177/14750902231203777
1293:Comcast Technology Center
1160:Sochi Thermal Power Plant
1123:"Kazakh Eli" monument at
548:'s torsional vibrations.
494:2005 Brazilian Grand Prix
1929:Harvard University Press
1919:Petroski, Henry (1996).
1199:London Millennium Bridge
1188:— 11 tuned mass dampers.
754:Mechanical human sources
659:Dampers in wind turbines
488:on its 2005 F1 car (the
436:moves out of phase with
231:Given a motor with mass
2032:28 January 2018 at the
1565:. SPACE.com. 2008-08-19
1108:Chiba Port Tower, Japan
1104:Yokohama Landmark Tower
704:, fluid, or pendulums.
560:Mass dampers in bridges
551:All four wheels of the
85:Tuned mass damper atop
1719:: CS1 maint: others (
1260:Pedestrian Bridges in
1211:in 2012, this was the
1152:Thermal Power Plant 27
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999:VLF transmitter DHO38
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376:) the 10% tuned mass.
363:
300:
215:
95:
84:
2021:Staff (August 2011)
1969:on February 17, 2012
1299:Grand Canyon Skywalk
1226:111 West 57th Street
1176:United Arab Emirates
1156:Ryazan Power Station
1136:Victory Monument at
1075:Akashi Kaikyō Bridge
825:improve this section
174:improve this section
1597:2002IJNLM..37.1453S
1542:NASASpaceFlight.com
1277:William LeMessurier
743:seismic performance
698:resonance frequency
645:Stockbridge dampers
623:Stockbridge dampers
607:vibration isolators
526:torsional vibration
111:), also known as a
1815:– via Vimeo.
1341:Random House Tower
1305:John Hancock Tower
1145:Sochi Olympic Park
991:Television Tower (
897:Balneário Camboriú
768:
739:structural failure
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637:High-tension lines
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524:pulley to control
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266:, is connected to
222:harmonic vibration
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136:structural failure
129:resonant frequency
101:
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19:For the song, see
1734:taipei-101.com.tw
1415:(October): 66–76.
1393:. Moregoodink.com
1359:Trump World Tower
1205:One Canada Square
1143:Olympic torch at
874:Sydney, Australia
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764:Millennium Bridge
747:vibration control
647:hanging from the
639:often have small
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99:tuned mass damper
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1999:(Digital), LLC.
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1017:New Delhi, India
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1338:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1302:
1296:
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1283:Comcast Center
1280:
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1250:Caesars Palace
1239:
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1195:
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1193:United Kingdom
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1002:
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985:
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972:
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967:
966:
959:
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957:Czech republic
954:
953:
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937:Shanghai Tower
933:
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906:
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901:
900:
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709:
706:
681:
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614:
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582:
579:
561:
558:
517:
514:
506:ground effects
481:
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242:
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226:shock absorber
208:
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158:
156:
149:
143:
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117:seismic damper
97:Shanghai Tower
77:
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38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2024:
2018:
2015:
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1983:
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1965:
1958:
1952:
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1944:
1942:9780674463677
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1924:
1915:
1912:
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1867:
1863:(1–2): 21–28.
1862:
1858:
1854:
1847:
1844:
1833:
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1698:9788087164419
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1670:9780784410714
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1639:on 5 May 2008
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1633:New Scientist
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1428:
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1392:
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1383:
1377:
1373:
1372:Antiresonance
1370:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1357:
1355:
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1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1332:
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1325:San Francisco
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1263:
1259:
1255:
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1248:, Bally's-to-
1247:
1243:
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1237:
1234:
1231:
1230:New York City
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:United States
1219:
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1214:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
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1120:
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1107:
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1099:Tokyo Skytree
1097:
1094:
1090:
1089:Ribbon Chapel
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1076:
1073:
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1038:
1034:
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1026:
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1021:
1018:
1014:
1013:Delhi Airport
1010:
1009:
1005:
1004:
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862:
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852:
844:
834:
830:
826:
820:
819:
815:
810:This section
808:
804:
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798:
792:
790:
787:
783:
774:
772:
765:
760:
753:
751:
748:
744:
740:
736:
735:ground motion
732:
728:
725:caused by an
724:
723:seismic waves
716:
714:
707:
705:
703:
699:
695:
686:
679:
677:
675:
671:
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642:
638:
632:
628:
624:
619:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
580:
578:
575:
566:
559:
557:
554:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
523:
515:
513:
511:
507:
501:
499:
495:
491:
487:
479:
474:
472:
467:
460:
457: −
453:
446:
439:
432:
415:
408: =
404:
397:
392:
387:
383:
367:
362:
358:
353:
347:
338:
327:
316:
299:
295:
290:
283:
276:
269:
262:
255:
248:
241:
234:
229:
227:
223:
214:
204:
201:
193:
183:
179:
175:
169:
168:
164:
159:This section
157:
153:
148:
147:
141:
139:
137:
132:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
98:
94:
88:
83:
73:
70:
62:
52:
48:
42:
39:This article
37:
28:
27:
22:
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1992:
1982:
1971:. Retrieved
1964:the original
1951:
1922:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1883:
1869:
1860:
1856:
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1831:
1821:
1806:
1784:
1778:. Retrieved
1768:
1760:
1754:. Retrieved
1752:. 2018-11-02
1749:
1740:
1729:
1688:
1683:
1675:the original
1659:
1652:
1641:. Retrieved
1637:the original
1623:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1567:. Retrieved
1557:
1546:. Retrieved
1544:. 2008-12-09
1532:
1521:. Retrieved
1501:
1491:
1480:. Retrieved
1476:
1466:
1455:. Retrieved
1451:
1442:
1431:. Retrieved
1421:
1412:
1406:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1287:Philadelphia
1258:The Venetian
1182:Burj al-Arab
1119:Almaty Tower
1058:Dublin Spire
1022:
963:Ještěd Tower
870:Sydney Tower
847:
838:
823:Please help
811:
778:
769:
720:
711:
691:
662:
635:
627:Castle Combe
602:
598:
594:
590:
584:
571:
550:
531:
519:
510:aerodynamics
502:
483:
465:
458:
451:
444:
437:
430:
413:
402:
395:
393:
385:
379:
351:
348:
336:
325:
314:
312:
288:
281:
274:
267:
260:
253:
246:
239:
232:
230:
219:
196:
190:October 2009
187:
172:Please help
160:
133:
116:
112:
108:
104:
102:
65:
56:
40:
2007:December 3,
1931:. pp.
1354:Los Angeles
1315:One Madison
993:Fernsehturm
893:Senna Tower
782:aerodynamic
717:Earthquakes
694:skyscrapers
553:Citroën 2CV
490:Renault R25
2058:Categories
1993:philly.com
1973:2010-02-07
1904:31 January
1837:2017-02-15
1780:2022-04-01
1756:2022-04-01
1643:2010-02-07
1569:2010-02-07
1548:2010-02-07
1523:2023-10-14
1482:2022-08-03
1457:2022-08-03
1433:2010-02-07
1397:2019-02-08
1378:References
1331:Park Tower
1166:Sakhalin-I
1113:Kazakhstan
1077:, between
1011:ATC Tower
976:Taipei 101
841:April 2012
727:earthquake
522:crankshaft
492:), at the
480:Motorsport
121:vibrations
87:Taipei 101
59:March 2020
2069:Resonance
2028:website.
1832:ArchDaily
1715:cite book
1707:677863682
1518:264110144
1413:F1 Racing
1301:, Arizona
1262:Las Vegas
1209:the Shard
1140:in Moscow
914:Vancouver
864:Australia
812:does not
731:oscillate
574:resonance
382:Bode plot
366:Bode plot
161:does not
142:Principle
2030:Archived
2001:Archived
1792:cite web
1615:13772262
1366:See also
1246:Bellagio
920:CN Tower
643:-shaped
538:flywheel
2074:Weights
1933:205–208
1593:Bibcode
1335:Chicago
1242:Bally's
1083:Shikoku
1052:Ireland
1029:Gujarat
983:Germany
924:Toronto
833:removed
818:sources
702:springs
674:nacelle
670:dashpot
653:flutter
641:barbell
631:England
601:to 0.25
593:to 0.25
486:Renault
427:
410:
344:
322:
182:removed
167:sources
45:Please
1939:
1705:
1695:
1667:
1612:
1516:
1309:Boston
1252:, and
1131:Russia
1079:Honshu
989:Berlin
970:Taiwan
965:(1973)
904:Canada
887:Brazil
125:damped
1967:(PDF)
1960:(PDF)
1609:INIST
1514:S2CID
1186:Dubai
1168:— An
1069:Japan
1033:India
1006:India
931:China
649:wires
2009:2017
1937:ISBN
1906:2016
1798:link
1721:link
1703:OCLC
1693:ISBN
1689:Sial
1665:ISBN
1256:-to-
1244:-to-
1162:etc.
1081:and
1040:Iran
816:any
814:cite
775:Wind
721:The
587:Ares
380:The
374:blue
307:blue
280:and
245:and
165:any
163:cite
1601:doi
1506:doi
1349:at
1333:in
1307:in
1285:in
1228:in
1184:in
1154:),
1091:in
1060:in
1027:in
1015:in
949:in
939:in
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912:in
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872:in
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498:FIA
370:red
357:).
303:red
287:.
176:by
115:or
109:TMD
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