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head, whose lower end advances against one end of a lever with a right-angle bend in it. The string is fastened to the other end of the lever, and tightening the screw tightens the string. With the screw at the lower limit of its travel, the lever can come close enough to the instrument's top to pose
307:
The taper allows the peg to turn more easily when pulled out slightly, and to hold firmly when pushed in while being turned. Since the typical wear pattern on a peg shaft interferes with this action, pegs occasionally require refitting, a specialized job which amounts to reshaping both pegs and holes
863:
designed to fit inside a case shaped like a friction peg. They have seen some adoption as they look almost exactly like friction pegs, require no more modification of the instrument than a new set of friction pegs, and make fine tuners unnecessary. They are also durable and less sensitive to changes
855:
instruments also exist, although they have not gained wide use, which has to do with the extensive and irreversible physical modification that must be made to the peg box in order to mount them, which is often viewed as ruining the aesthetics of the instrument, combined with a bad reputation they
1022:
Pegs are tapered, and must contact the insides of the holes on both sides of the pegbox. The fit is very important, of course, as is the nature of the contacting surfaces there. Raw wood on raw wood never works well, so a preparation is usually applied to facilitate a smooth turning of the
592:
within minutes as soon as the peg slips again. With too much friction, adjusting the tuning at all is impossible. If the pegs or their holes are not perfectly round, or if the bearing surfaces of the pegs are indented from wear, peg dope will not remedy the resulting problems.
683:
936:
587:
Without the proper amount of friction to hold the peg in place, a tapered tuning peg will tend to "slip", making a tuning setting virtually impossible to maintain. String instruments with pegs that are slipping can be tuned briefly, but will be
639:
Tuning pins may be known as wrest pins or zither pins, regardless of the instrument on which they are used. They are used on instruments with many close strings, as they are more compact and cheaper. Modern pianos use threaded pins, as do many
688:
685:
684:
980:. It consists of braided leather rings that wrap around the neck of the instrument. The rings are pulled along the neck of the instrument to change string tension. It can be quick to adjust but requires a fair degree of strength.
396:
687:
870:
627:, which allows the wood to retain more strength for a given weight. They can, however, also be set in holes drilled right through the wood, to look like older pins. Threaded pins can be installed with an
848:
varies; while higher ratios are more sensitive, they are also more difficult to manufacture precisely. Machine heads may be open, with exposed gears, or closed, with a casing around all the gears.
285:
A tapered peg is simply a smooth peg with a string wound around it. The tension of the string is controlled by turning the peg, and the peg is held in place by friction in its hole (in contrast to
132:
623:
Threaded tuners are durable, will take very high string tensions. They do not push outwards on the hole and wedge the wood apart, which can reduce the risk of splitting it. They can be set in
179:. The socket on the tuning lever fits over the pin and allows it to be turned. Tuning pins are used on instruments where there is no space for a knob on each string, such as pianos and harps.
42:
735:
616:, or they will not stay in tune well. Some pin block woods come from endangered trees. Some specialized plywoods can also be used (piano pin block stock or the die maker's ply used for
136:
Medieval bone tuning pin. One end is pierced for the string; the other is squared off to fit in a tuning lever socket. The middle section, which would pass through the wood, is tapered.
814:, reduce string afterlength. Fine tuners are common on cellos, but some violinists regard them as an aid for beginners who have not yet learned to tune precisely using pegs alone.
337:
321:
1313:
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a risk of scarring it. To avoid damage to the top, the screw may be turned out as far as it goes while still engaging the lever, and the string re-tuned using the peg.
662:
924:
304:
pegs have a slightly more aggressive 1:25 taper. 19th century and earlier pegs, for use with stretchier gut strings, typically had an even steeper taper of 1:20.
315:, tuning lever, or tuning wrench. Historically, pins were also tapered (see image of bone peg, right), but they are now generally threaded, instead (see below).
584:
tension. Tuning pegs that are well fitted and properly doped will both turn smoothly throughout an entire rotation and hold firmly wherever the player wishes.
89:
799:
of some stringed instruments, as a supplement to the tapered pegs at the other end. Tapered pegs are harder to use to make small adjustments to pitch.
61:
1282:
1179:
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Turning the peg or pin tightens or loosens the string. Some tuning pegs and pins are tapered, some threaded. Some tuning pegs are ornamented with
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57:
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46:
791:. Here, the two strings on the far side pass through the keyhole slots directly, but the nearer two strings use fine tuners.
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Peg dope serves two different (and almost conflicting) purposes. It both lubricates the peg shaft so it turns easily in the
2210:
2137:
1695:
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often use modern tuning machines instead. Tapered pegs are also used on older
European instruments, such as the Bulgarian
353:
2142:
82:
856:
acquired due to poorly designed early models that were prone to failure, often with catastrophically damaging results.
810:
Fine tuners can buzz, and may cut strings if not filed smooth before use. They add weight and, when not built into the
1651:
1063:
1105:
631:, and do not need to be re-set, but should be backed off a few turns when changing a string to keep pin height even.
573:), a block, or as a liquid in a bottle. Commonly used home expedient treatments may include soap, graphite, or talc.
300:
have conical shafts, turned to a 1:30 taper, changing in diameter by 1 mm over a distance of 30 mm. Modern
292:
A properly working peg will turn easily and hold reliably, that is, it will neither stick nor slip. Modern pegs for
1309:
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35:
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Mounted open machine heads. Note slot in background where the strings are wound around the pin of the tuner.
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1970:
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is perhaps the most common system. A peg has a grip or knob on it to allow it to be turned. A
153:
145:
16:
Different types of stringed instrument parts and their methods for tuning stringed instruments
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Like tapered pins, threaded pins must be set in a pin block of fairly hard wood, such as
311:
Tapered tuning pins are similar, but must be turned with a tuning tool, usually called a
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141:
1251:"Make an easier-to-tune replacement neck for a leather-ring (Konso) African Kora neck"
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tuning peg, not yet shaved to fit an instrument. Note smooth taper and finger grip.
286:
176:
773:
A tuning lever of another shape, like that used on the piano in the earlier image.
402:
A medieval tuning key with a square socket, for turning tuning pins. Excavated in
569:). Manufactured varieties are generally sold in either a small stick (resembling
545:) is a substance used to coat the bearing surfaces of the tapered tuning pegs of
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Among modern
Western musical instruments, tapered pegs are most often used on
464:
Tapered pegs are a simple, ancient design, common in many musical traditions.
375:
312:
605:. They are not tapered, but straight, and they go into straight-sided holes.
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family instruments are usually geared, and are called tuning machines or
570:
526:
Two types of compound; bearing surfaces of peg are visible as shiny bands
249:
741:
Tuning pins usually have square ends, allowing them to be turned with a
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and provides friction to keep the pegs from slipping with the force of
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18:
1078:"Chapter 2. Creating, Buying, Borrowing or Stealing a Design"
240:) that houses the tuning pegs. The corresponding part of the
1064:"Restricted and Endangered Wood Species | The Wood Database"
972:
tuned with konso (braided leather ring) string terminations.
864:
in temperature and humidity. They are popular on banjos.
1166:"How to Select the Right Fine Tuners | Strings Magazine"
954:
Close-up of the gearing of a mounted open machine head
201:
friction tuning system (using braided leather rings).
802:
Fine tuners are not geared. They have a screw with a
422:
Brass tuning pins on a replica of the late medieval
152:
produced when the string is played by adjusting the
2151:
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2007:
1907:
1822:
1790:
1752:
1724:
1681:
1674:
1472:
186:, metal, or plastic inlays, beads (pips) or rings.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
859:The most recently marketed pegs of this sort use
175:is a tuning peg with a detachable grip, called a
601:Some pegs and pins are threaded with a shallow,
1160:
1158:
1652:
1276:
694:A one-cord-per-note piano being tuned with a
8:
1036:"Chapter 8. Fabricating the Neck and Pillar"
58:"Tuning mechanisms for stringed instruments"
1149:"How to Install and Use Violin Fine Tuners"
1124:"Threaded Harp Tuning Pins | Dusty Strings"
1678:
1659:
1645:
1637:
1283:
1269:
1261:
976:The konso system is traditionally used on
930:Tuning a guitar with closed machine heads
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1233:"Banjo Tuning Pegs Planetary vs Geared"
1001:
866:
658:
317:
467:Tapered pegs are common on classical
7:
308:to a smooth circular conical taper.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
710:Tuning pins and tuning lever on a
14:
729:also carry pins rather than pegs.
140:A variety of methods are used to
2234:
2233:
947:
935:
923:
907:
891:
869:
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750:
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703:
681:
661:
510:instruments, though usually the
431:
415:
395:
367:
352:
336:
320:
23:
1208:"Information â Perfection pegs"
34:needs additional citations for
2267:String instrument construction
1194:"The Violin Shop: Fine Tuners"
1180:"dummies - Learning Made Easy"
918:, detached from the instrument
902:, detached from the instrument
668:The threaded tuning pins on a
1:
1212:perfectionpegs.twofold.com.au
968:Jali Fily Sissokho playing a
359:Ornate jade tuning pins on a
189:Other tuning systems include
2262:Guitar parts and accessories
795:Fine tuners are used on the
456:Tuning pegs with knobs on a
577:
343:The single tuning peg of a
168:
2283:
821:
378:for turning the pins of a
2229:
1418:Music On A Long Thin Wire
1321:
1307:
656:, and other instruments.
1995:(changing string tuning)
1314:HornbostelâSachs numbers
1106:"FolcHarp - Zither pins"
1011:"String Instrument Care"
213:is the part of certain
128:pegbox, retouched image
1395:Long-string instrument
1137:Replacing harp strings
973:
792:
779:Screw-and-lever tuners
672:must be turned with a
597:Threaded pegs and pins
527:
514:uses tuning machines.
461:
438:pegbox and pegs of an
282:
191:screw-and-lever tuners
137:
129:
2216:Violin musical styles
2164:History of the violin
1800:Electric upright bass
967:
786:
525:
455:
277:
270:Tapered pegs and pins
135:
124:
2067:Double bass concerto
483:, but some like the
146:stringed instruments
43:improve this article
2096:Related instruments
2010:and genres of music
1976:Finger substitution
840:. They often use a
390:, 201 BC to 221 AD.
218:musical instruments
205:Pegbox or headstock
1701:Five-string violin
1402:Melde's experiment
974:
793:
757:A modern T-shaped
547:string instruments
528:
469:Indian instruments
462:
283:
244:family (including
148:. Most change the
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130:
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2248:
1818:
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1390:Longitudinal wave
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278:Tuning pegs on a
119:
118:
111:
93:
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2237:
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2159:Violin acoustics
2113:Hardanger fiddle
2047:String orchestra
1711:Alexander violin
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1654:
1647:
1638:
1454:String vibration
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1239:. 30 March 2018.
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1168:. February 2009.
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1108:. Archived from
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1009:Paul Hostetter.
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911:
895:
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851:Geared pegs for
770:
754:
738:
723:
707:
691:
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501:flamenco guitars
499:, as well as on
435:
419:
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371:
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347:, turned by hand
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260:) is called the
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2123:Lira da braccio
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2052:Violin concerto
2009:
2003:
1903:
1814:
1786:
1772:Cello da spalla
1767:Baritone violin
1748:
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1706:Violino piccolo
1691:Electric violin
1670:
1665:
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1539:Japanese fiddle
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1459:Transverse wave
1407:Mersenne's laws
1385:String harmonic
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477:Saraswati veena
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443:
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424:Queen Mary Harp
420:
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404:Nottinghamshire
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287:tuning machines
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2174:Bass amplifier
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2087:Carnatic music
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2079:
2074:
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2064:
2062:Cello concerto
2059:
2057:Viola concerto
2054:
2049:
2044:
2042:String section
2039:
2034:
2029:
2027:String quintet
2024:
2019:
2017:String quartet
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1782:Electric cello
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1734:Vertical viola
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1497:Bladder fiddle
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1112:on 2008-07-24.
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1085:sligoharps.com
1081:(Book Chapter)
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1043:sligoharps.com
1039:(Book chapter)
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2260:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2241:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Violin sonata
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2032:String sextet
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1884:Shoulder rest
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1843:
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1839:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1811:
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1803:
1801:
1798:
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1795:
1793:
1789:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Viola pomposa
1737:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:Violin family
1662:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1606:Tromba marina
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1572:
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1562:
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1495:
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1484:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1449:Standing wave
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1396:
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1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
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1378:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
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1327:
1324:
1323:
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1315:
1311:
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1263:
1252:
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1234:
1228:
1225:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1155:
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1144:
1141:
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1125:
1119:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1098:
1086:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1044:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1012:
1005:
1002:
995:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
979:
971:
966:
959:
950:
945:
938:
933:
926:
921:
917:
910:
905:
901:
894:
889:
886:
885:machine heads
882:
878:
877:Sona Jobarteh
872:
867:
865:
862:
857:
854:
853:violin family
849:
847:
846:gearing ratio
843:
839:
838:machine heads
835:
831:
825:
818:Geared tuners
817:
815:
813:
808:
805:
800:
798:
790:
785:
778:
769:
764:
760:
759:tuning wrench
753:
748:
744:
743:square socket
737:
732:
728:
722:
717:
713:
706:
701:
697:
679:
675:
671:
664:
659:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
634:
632:
630:
626:
621:
619:
615:
611:
606:
604:
596:
594:
591:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
524:
517:
515:
513:
509:
508:violin family
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
459:
454:
447:
441:
434:
429:
425:
418:
413:
409:
408:Great Britain
405:
398:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
370:
365:
362:
355:
350:
346:
345:tromba marina
339:
334:
330:
323:
318:
316:
314:
309:
305:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
281:
276:
269:
267:
265:
264:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
222:violin family
219:
216:
212:
204:
202:
200:
196:
195:geared tuners
192:
187:
185:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
161:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
127:
123:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: â
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2238:
2221:Violin octet
2201:Stradivarius
2082:Cello sonata
2077:Viola sonata
2037:String octet
1926:
1898:
1744:Tenor violin
1716:Stroh violin
1626:Washtub bass
1479:musical bows
1463:
1439:Scale length
1416:
1336:Third bridge
1245:
1237:Folkmusician
1236:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1211:
1202:
1188:
1174:
1143:
1132:
1118:
1110:the original
1100:
1088:. Retrieved
1084:
1072:
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1042:
1030:
1021:
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
990:Machine head
975:
916:machine head
900:machine head
858:
850:
827:
824:machine head
809:
801:
794:
696:tuning lever
674:tuning lever
638:
622:
607:
600:
586:
575:
543:peg compound
542:
538:
534:
530:
529:
505:
471:such as the
466:
463:
310:
306:
291:
284:
261:
210:
208:
198:
194:
190:
188:
181:
177:tuning lever
172:
164:
162:
139:
105:
99:October 2013
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2191:Jazz violin
2133:Nyckelharpa
2118:Hurdy-gurdy
2022:String trio
1966:Double stop
1869:Fingerboard
1792:Double bass
1762:Bass violin
1675:Instruments
1601:Psalmodicon
1514:Diddley bow
1373:Fundamental
1363:Fingerboard
1343:Chordophone
1301:instruments
1016:8 September
830:double bass
629:arbor press
625:blind holes
618:rotary dies
603:fine thread
590:out of tune
512:double bass
497:hurdy-gurdy
489:Mohan veena
388:Han dynasty
238:double bass
2256:Categories
2103:Arpeggione
1993:Scordatura
1922:Bow stroke
1909:Techniques
1899:Tuning peg
1889:Sound post
1534:Ichigenkin
1529:Ground bow
1474:Monochords
1464:Tuning peg
1444:Soundboard
1358:Enharmonic
1090:1 February
1048:1 February
996:References
883:with open
531:"Peg dope"
479:, and the
376:tuning key
313:tuning key
289:, below).
197:, and the
173:tuning pin
165:tuning peg
144:different
69:newspapers
2184:Slap bass
2169:Jazz bass
2008:Ensembles
1988:Pizzicato
1981:Bariolage
1971:Fingering
1961:Harmonics
1928:Col legno
1894:Tailpiece
1581:Langeleik
1519:Duxianqin
1412:Monochord
1381:Overtones
1377:Harmonics
1217:10 August
914:A closed
879:tuning a
842:worm gear
828:Pegs for
812:tailpiece
797:tailpiece
789:tailpiece
787:A violin
650:dulcimers
646:psaltries
614:white oak
539:peg stick
535:peg paste
327:A modern
263:headstock
2240:Category
2179:Big band
2138:Pochette
1956:Arpeggio
1944:Spiccato
1854:Chinrest
1832:Bass bar
1810:Octobass
1696:Pochette
1596:Onavillu
1549:Genggong
1544:Jaw harp
1492:Berimbau
1434:Re-entry
1291:Musical
984:See also
898:An open
571:lipstick
549:(mainly
518:Peg dope
495:and the
250:mandolin
215:stringed
2143:Quinton
2108:Baryton
1999:Vibrato
1949:Tremolo
1939:Portato
1934:Martelé
1805:Violone
1777:Cellone
1616:Umuduri
1591:Masenqo
1574:Mukkuri
1569:Morsing
1509:ÄĂ n báș§u
1502:Boom-ba
1487:Ahardin
1293:strings
804:knurled
654:zithers
551:violins
493:gadulka
258:ukulele
158:strings
156:of the
154:tension
83:scholar
2128:Lirone
1917:Bowing
1879:Scroll
1864:F-hole
1859:Endpin
1849:Bridge
1683:Violin
1621:Unitar
1586:Lesiba
1564:Kubing
1559:Khomuz
1554:Gogona
1524:Ektara
1348:Course
1331:Bridge
1299:, and
844:. The
834:guitar
610:cherry
582:string
578:pegbox
559:cellos
555:violas
533:(also
475:, the
329:violin
294:violin
246:guitar
226:violin
211:pegbox
169:pegbox
126:Violin
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2196:Rosin
2152:Other
1824:Parts
1754:Cello
1726:Viola
1611:Tumbi
1353:Drone
1297:wires
978:koras
960:Konso
727:Harps
712:yatga
670:piano
642:harps
567:lutes
563:viols
485:esraj
481:sarod
473:sitar
458:veena
384:China
380:guqin
361:guqin
302:cello
298:viola
254:banjo
234:cello
230:viola
220:(the
199:konso
184:shell
167:in a
150:pitch
90:JSTOR
76:books
2206:Viol
1842:Frog
1424:Node
1368:Fret
1310:List
1219:2019
1092:2023
1050:2023
1023:peg.
1018:2010
970:kora
881:kora
832:and
620:).
565:and
487:and
296:and
242:lute
142:tune
62:news
1874:Nut
1837:Bow
1476:and
1429:Nut
1326:Bow
635:Use
612:or
448:Use
440:oud
280:tro
45:by
2258::
1295:,
1235:.
1210:.
1157:^
1083:.
1041:.
1020:.
652:,
648:,
644:,
561:,
557:,
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537:,
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406:,
386:,
382:,
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256:,
252:,
248:,
236:,
232:,
228:,
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1653:t
1646:v
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1379:/
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1312:(
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1126:.
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676:.
460:.
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410:.
112:)
106:(
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97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
