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146:. Almost all these springs are at a very hot temperature, often at boiling point. Some of them are charged with salt, others are perfectly fresh and sweet, though boiling hot. So abundant is their volume that in several places they form actual ever-flowing rivers. Only for the intervention of man these rivers would at all times find their way into the adjoining depressions, which they would maintain as lakes of water. But for a long period past the freshwater streams (which predominate) have been used for
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174:. "Jerid" means in Arabic a "palm frond" and inferentially "a palm grove." The fame of this Belad-el-Jerid, or "Country of the Date Palms", was so exaggerated during the 17th and 18th centuries that the European geographers extended the designation from this small area in the south of Tunisia to cover much of inner Africa. With this country of Jerid may be included the island of
217:, just as it was foreign to all parts of Europe, in which, as in true North Africa, its presence is due to the hand of man. To some extent it may be said that true North Africa lies to the north of the Jerid country, which, besides its Saharan, Arabian and Persian affinities, has a touch about it of real Africa, some such touch as may be observed in the valley of the
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however are, strictly speaking, not lakes at all at the present day. They are smooth depressed areas (in the case of the largest, the Shat el Jerid, lying a few feet below the level of the
Mediterranean), which for more than half the year are expanses of dried mud covered with a thick incrustation of
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highlands and the strait separating Jerba from the mainland is singularly
African in the character and aspect of its flora. To the south of the Jerid the country is mainly desert — vast unexplored tracts of shifting sand, with rare oases. Nevertheless, all this southern district of Tunisia bears
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to such a degree that very little of the precious water is allowed to run to waste into the lake basins; so that these latter receive only a few salt streams, which deposit on their surface the salt they contain and then evaporate. This abundant supply of fresh warm water maintains
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evidence of once having been subject to a heavy rainfall, which scooped out deep valleys in the original table-land, and has justified the present existence of immense watercourses — watercourses which are still, near their origin, favoured with a little water.
221:. In the oases of the Jerid are found several species of tropical African mammals and two or three of Senegalese birds, and the vegetation seems to have as much affinity with tropical Africa as with Europe. In fact, the country between the
126:, which by liquefying the mud makes them perfectly impassable. Otherwise, for about seven months of the year they can be crossed on foot or on horseback. It would seem probable that at one time these
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The narrow sandy ridge separating the Chott el Fejej from the
Mediterranean Sea brought it to the attention of various geographers, engineers and diplomats. These figures looked to create an inland "
130:(at any rate the Shat el Jerid) were an inlet of the Mediterranean, which by the elevation of a narrow strip of land on the Gulf of Gabès has been cut off from them. It is, however, a region of past
233:" by channelling the waters of the Mediterranean into Sahara Desert basins which lay below sea level. A noted proposal to this effect was put forward in the late 1800s by French geographer
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itself is on the fringe of a splendid oasis, which is maintained by the water of an ever-running stream emptying itself into the sea at Gabès after a course of not more than 20 miles.
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could be used to dig the proposed canal from the
Mediterranean to the Chott el Fejej and other below-sea-level basins of the Sahara; these proposals were also fruitless.
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of extraordinary luxuriance in a country where rain falls very rarely. Perennial streams of the description referred to are found between the
Algerian frontier and
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During the winter, however, when the effect of the rare winter rains is felt, there may actually be 3 or 4 ft. of water in these
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134:, and these salt depressions may be due to that cause. Man is probably the principal agent at the present day in causing these
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may be indigenous to this district of the Jerid, as it is to countries of similar description in southern
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white or grey salt. This salt covering gives them at a distance the appearance of big sheets of water.
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241:, but stalled after the French government withdrew funding. Later proposals, made as part of
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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McKay, Donald Vernon (1943). "Colonialism in the French geographical movement 1871-1881".
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465:. Globetrotter: Guide and Map Series (4th ed.). London: New Holland Publishers.
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440:. San Francisco, CA: Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
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213:; but that north of the latitude of the Jerid the date did not grow naturally in
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frontier, which they penetrate for a considerable distance. The French term "
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320:. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 394.
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These salt lakes stretch with only two short breaks in a line from the
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to be without water. All around these salt lakes there are numerous
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Pernicious ideas in world politics: "Peaceful nuclear explosives"
368:. Springer Geography (Illustrated ed.). New York: Springer.
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Salted depressions between Gulf of Gabès and
Algerian border
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African
Ecology: Benchmarks and Historical Perspectives
114:, a term for a broad canal, an estuary or lake. These
343:(2). National Rivers and Harbors Congress: 131–138
170:has been called the "Jerid" from the time of the
337:National Waterways: A Magazine of Transportation
23:Chott El Jerid, one of the Tunisian salt lakes
404:(2). American Geographical Society: 214–232.
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71:. The lakes include, from east to west, the
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237:and the creator of the Suez Canal,
50:Location of the Tunisian salt lakes
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431:Barletta, Michael (August 2001).
59:are a series of lakes in central
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362:Spinage, Clive Alfred (2012).
331:Plummer, Harry Chapin (1913).
107:" is a transliteration of the
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67:at the northern edge of the
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166:All this region round the
159:on the coast. The town at
500:Endorheic lakes of Africa
306:Johnston, Harry (1911). "
142:, gushing from the sandy
317:Encyclopædia Britannica
459:Jousiffe, Ann (2010).
235:François Élie Roudaire
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333:"A Sea in the Sahara"
183:(Phoenix dactylifera)
63:, lying south of the
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239:Ferdinand de Lesseps
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398:Geographical Review
243:Operation Plowshare
57:Tunisian salt lakes
247:nuclear explosives
209:and north-western
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205:, southern
203:Mesopotamia
189:, southern
472:1845378644
375:3642228712
275:References
269:Sahara Sea
231:Sahara Sea
215:Mauretania
148:irrigation
180:date palm
87:Geography
494:Category
253:See also
144:hillocks
101:Algerian
462:Tunisia
314:(ed.).
308:Tunisia
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223:Matmata
191:Algeria
187:Morocco
140:springs
99:to the
95:at the
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418:209775
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310:". In
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264:Sabkha
219:Jordan
207:Persia
109:Arabic
79:, and
69:Sahara
438:(PDF)
414:JSTOR
259:Chott
211:India
199:Egypt
176:Jerba
168:shats
161:Gabès
157:Gabès
153:oases
136:shats
128:shats
124:shats
116:shats
105:chott
480:2012
467:ISBN
446:2012
383:2012
370:ISBN
349:2012
112:shat
55:The
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