898:
1315:
953:
483:
471:
40:
307:
495:
507:
529:
1197:
731:
1758:
1303:
429:. While this was the original Soviet Air Force designation for the aircraft, by the time it was being supplied to operational units it was already better known under the Tu-95 designation used internally by Tupolev, and the Tu-20 designation quickly fell out of use in the USSR. Since the Tu-20 designation was used on many documents acquired by U.S. intelligence agents, the name continued to be used outside the Soviet Union. Initially, the
1538:
641:
769:
1456:
410:
296:
1212:
1744:
945:
1545:
3325:
711:, however, Tu-95 aircraft did not fly missions carrying "live" nuclear weapons. This practice, a result of live ammunition being housed in special bunkers on the bases and a lengthy loading process (done via servicing trench below the bomb bay and taking up to two hours) was seen as a hindrance to overall mission readiness.
573:(the K-016 allows the use of longer-ranged Kh-55SM missiles); in other words, only the aircraft manufactured from 1986 onwards are modernised. In total, this represents a fleet of between 30 and 35 aircraft. The program is divided into two steps: the first one consists of making the aircraft compatible with
1141:
Long-range intercontinental high-altitude strategic bomber prototype, designed to climb up to 16,000–17,000 m (52,000–56,000 ft). It was a high-altitude version of the
Tupolev Tu-95 aircraft with high-altitude augmented turboprop TV-16 engines and with a new, enlarged-area wing. Plant tests
670:
on its ventral surfaces – taking off carrying the bomb, in-flight scenes of the interior and exterior of the aircraft, and the detonation. The bomb was attached underneath the aircraft, which carried the weapon semi-externally since it could not be carried inside a standard Tu-95's bomb bay, similar
626:
turboprop engines, together with new AV-60T propellers, reducing the vibration level by 50%. Lastly, the tail turret has been removed. The first Tu-95MSM made its maiden flight on 22 August 2020. A new contract on upgrading Tu-95MS strategic missile-carrying bombers to the Tu-95MSM level was signed
577:
cruise missiles. These are too big to fit in the internal missile bay; hence, new external hardpoints are added. A total of eight Kh-101/102s can be carried under four double missile pylons, in addition to six Kh-55/55SM/555s in the internal rotary missile launcher. Several pieces of equipment are
802:
In July 2010, two
Russian Tu-95MS set a world record for a non-stop flight for an aircraft in the class, spending more than 43 hours in the air. They flew through the Atlantic, Arctic, and Pacific oceans as well as the Sea of Japan, covering in total more than 30,000 km (19,000 mi) with
358:
were not powerful enough for such a large aircraft, and the AM-3 jet engines for the proposed T-4 intercontinental jet bomber used too much fuel to give the required range. Turboprop engines were more powerful than piston engines and gave better range than the turbojets available at the time, and
702:
The early versions of the bomber omitted crew amenities, with dank and dingy interiors lacking a toilet or a galley. Though flying the Tu-95 was uncomfortable, especially during the routine 10-hour mission trips twice a week, constant training ensured a high degree of combat readiness and around
405:
at the controls. After six months of test flights this aircraft suffered a propeller gearbox failure and crashed, killing
Perelet. The second aircraft, Tu-95/II, used four 12,000 eshp Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops which proved more reliable than the coupled 2TV-2F. After a successful flight testing
539:
Designed as a stopgap in case the Tu-114A was not finished on time, two Tu-95 bombers were fitted with passenger compartments. Both aircraft had the same layout: office space, a passenger cabin consisting of two sections which could each accommodate 20 people in VIP seating, and the rest of the
436:
Like its
American counterpart, the B-52, the Tu-95 has continued to operate in the Russian Aerospace Forces while several subsequent iterations of bomber design have come and gone. Part of the reason for this longevity was its suitability, like the B-52, for modification to different missions.
706:
Due to the nature of their mission, Tu-95 bomber crews were often some of the best available in the Soviet Air Force. As part of their nuclear strike mission, bomber crews would undertake frequent missions into the Arctic to practice transpolar strikes against the United States. Unlike their
3317:
350:
design bureaus in 1950: the proposed bomber had to have an un-refueled range of 8,000 km (5,000 mi), far enough to threaten key targets in the United States. Other goals included the ability to carry an 11,000 kg (24,000 lb) load over the target.
3540:
760:
On 17 August 2007, Russian
President Vladimir Putin announced that Russia was resuming strategic aviation flights by sending its bombers on long-range patrols, a practice that had ended with the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. Fighters from
283:. It is the only propeller-powered strategic bomber still in operational use today. The Tu-95 is one of the loudest military aircraft, particularly because the tips of the propeller blades move faster than the speed of sound. Its distinctive
914:
2888:
1066:
and put into serial production in 1981. Known to NATO as the Bear-H and was referred to by the U.S. military as a Tu-142 for some time in the 1980s before its true designation became known. Currently being modernized to carry the
652:
The Tu-95RT variant in particular was a veritable icon of the Cold War as it performed a maritime surveillance and targeting mission for other aircraft, surface ships and submarines. It was identifiable by a large bulge under the
552:
Starting in the 2000s, the
Russian Air Force started to study different options for the modernisation of its Tu-95MS fleet. Even before the start of the modernisation program, in 2003 the aircraft were made compatible with the
1246:, aircraft relocated from Engels after Ukrainian drone attacks, in September 2022; in spring 2023 "more than 10" were located here, in January 2024 11 Tu-95 were seen, and by February 2024 10 Tu-95 had been detected at Olenya
666:, the most powerful thermonuclear device ever detonated. Video footage of that particular test exists since the event was filmed for documentation purposes. The footage shows the specially adapted Tu-95V plane – painted with
3536:
437:
Whereas the Tu-95 was originally intended to drop free-falling nuclear weapons, it was subsequently modified to perform a wide range of roles, such as the deployment of cruise missiles, maritime patrol (Tu-142), and even
2121:
460:, the Tu-95 has served not only as a weapons platform but as a symbol of Soviet and later Russian national prestige. Russia's air force has received the first examples of a number of modernised strategic bombers in
897:
382:, each fitted with two contra-rotating propellers with four blades each, with a nominal 8,900 kW (12,000 hp) power rating. The engine, advanced for its time, was designed by a German team of ex-
3078:
390:. The fuselage was conventional with a mid-mounted wing with 35 degrees of sweep, an angle that ensured that the main wing spar passed through the fuselage in front of the bomb bay. Retractable tricycle
621:
radar instead of the current Obzor-MS, a new S021 navigation system and the Meteor-NM2 airborne defense complex. In addition, the aircraft modernized to the "MSM" variant will be equipped with upgraded
3139:
1314:
1188:
Several other modifications of the basic Tu-95/Tu-142 airframe have existed, but these were largely unrecognized by
Western intelligence or never reached operational status in the Soviet military.
803:
four mid-air refuelings. The primary goal of the endurance flight was to evaluate the performance of the aircraft during such a long flight, in particular monitoring the engines and other systems.
5544:
540:
70 m (2,500 cu ft) cabin configured as a normal airliner. Both aircraft were eventually used as crew ferries by the various Tu-95 squadrons. One of these machines is preserved at
3984:[The Main Military Prosecutor's Office disclosed the fact of selling military aircraft at the price of scrap metal] (in Ukrainian). General Prosecutor's Office of Ukraine. 9 July 2015.
2896:
1011:
Modified and upgraded versions of the Tu-95K, most notable for their enhanced reconnaissance systems. These were in turn converted into the Bear-G configuration. Known to NATO as the Bear-C.
825:
before landing at the air base. During the course of their visit, the Tu-95 crews conducted their first patrol flights over the southern
Pacific, staying airborne for more than eight hours.
3048:
3109:
1841:
3173:
2095:
2988:
433:
evaluated the Tu-95 as having a maximum speed of 640 km/h (400 mph) with a range of 12,500 km (7,800 mi). These numbers had to be revised upward numerous times.
919:
918:
915:
660:
A series of nuclear surface tests were carried out by the Soviet Union in the early- to mid-1960s. On
October 30, 1961, a modified Tu-95 carried and dropped the AN602 device named
1071:
stealth cruise missiles. 21 aircraft have been modernized as of April 2019. In 2019–2020, 10 modernized Tu-95MS aircraft have joined the fleet. 4 aircraft were delivered in 2021.
920:
807:
464:
s following upgrade work. Enhancements have been confined to the bomber's electronic weapons and targeting systems. Modernization of the first batch was completed in March 2020.
2117:
378:
Tupolev proposed a turboprop installation and a Tu-95 design with this configuration was officially approved by the government on 11 July 1951. It used four
Kuznetsov coupled
1093:
Modernization of the "Tu-95MS16" bombers, equipped with the new Novella-NV1.021 radar, SOI-021 information display system, Meteor-NM2 airborne defense complex and upgraded
5110:
6041:
3985:
2782:
3654:
3070:
917:
2837:
3131:
1476:
976:
Basic variant of the long-range strategic bomber and the only model of the aircraft never fitted with a nose refuelling probe. Known to NATO as the Bear-A.
837:
4296:
1230:
867:
reportedly damaged two Tu-95s. Subsequently on 6 December satellite photos show that one Tu-95MS BEAR-H had caught fire and had to be covered in foam. A
2667:
2742:
1571:
6–7; pilot, co-pilot, flight engineer, communications system operator, navigator, tail gunner, plus additional navigator, depending on mission profile.
1083:
Fitted with four underwing pylons in addition to the rotary launcher in the fuselage, giving a maximum load of 16 Kh-55s or 14 Kh-55SMs. 56 were built.
1986:
765:
members are often sent to intercept and escort Tu-95s as they perform their missions along the periphery of NATO airspace, often close to each other.
4041:
3682:
6046:
952:
394:
was fitted, with all three gear strut units retracting rearwards, with the main gear units retracting rearwards into extensions of the inner engine
2815:
3040:
482:
3410:
3101:
2699:
2956:
799:
for the first time since 1984. The long range of the Kh-55 cruise missile means the Tu-95MS can once again serve as a strategic weapons system.
6036:
5103:
2444:
470:
3704:
3162:
3018:
6056:
6031:
4244:
4193:
4178:
4163:
4148:
4133:
2978:
2087:
1938:
916:
3930:
2762:
3668:
1259:
818:
618:
3958:[Once Lebedev headed Ministry of Defence, its officials sold two aircraft as scrap] (in Russian). www.pravda.com.ua. 9 July 2015.
3896:
594:
in early 2015. It was transferred to the Russian Air Force in March 2015. Since 2015, the serial modernisation is carried out also by the
5907:
3764:
430:
3833:
3803:
3563:
1173:
449:
116:
5096:
4105:
3959:
2467:
1962:
1077:
Capable of carrying six Kh-55, Kh-55SM or Kh-555 cruise missiles on a rotary launcher in the aircraft's weapons bay. 32 were built.
494:
506:
5450:
1371:
1367:
829:
4265:
3734:
2865:
1506:
1327:
806:
On 17 November 2015, Tu-95s had their combat debut, being employed for the first time in long-range airstrikes as part of the
4289:
319:
1933:. Washington DC: International Business Publications, US, February 7, 2007 (updated 2011). 7 February 2007. pp. 157–9.
3981:
2181:
1251:
2522:
2492:
1860:
5088:
2952:
1502:
562:
3514:
3288:"Компания "Туполев" продолжает работы по модернизации ракетоносцев Ту-95МС – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер""
2723:
2336:
2276:
2246:
2216:
2146:
606:, transferred to the Russian Aerospace Forces on 18 November 2015. In the future, Tu-95MSs are to be upgraded with the
6051:
2306:
796:
780:
Russian Tu-95s reportedly took part in a naval exercise off the coasts of France and Spain in January 2008, alongside
4071:
3866:
3228:"ОАК передала Минобороны РФ очередной стратегический ракетоносец Ту-95МС – Еженедельник "Военно-промышленный курьер""
2069:
1471:– inherited 23–29 Tu-95MS aircraft after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and subsequently handed 3 Tu-95MS and 581
287:
are set at an angle of 35°. The Tu-95 is the only propeller-driven aircraft with swept wings built in large numbers.
2834:
2015:
1499:– 2 Tu-95MS converted to ecological reconnaissance aircraft in storage, before they were sold for scrapping in 2013.
1496:
6061:
4015:
2615:
1813:
360:
280:
3205:
2889:"Paris attacks: Cameron to make case for Syria military action as EU troops could be sent to France – latest news"
39:
6026:
4282:
3602:
3265:
579:
541:
533:
343:
1901:
5119:
3258:"ПАО "Туполев" передало Министерству обороны РФ модернизированный стратегический ракетоносец Ту-95МС — Туполев"
2598:
1334:
1224:
558:
306:
250:
112:
3469:
3440:
2790:
2419:
1440:
3381:
3355:
2368:
1333:
106th Heavy Bomber Air Division – the first Tu-95s division formed in 1956. The division commander was twice-
1123:
Training variant, modified from surviving Bear-As but now all have been retired. Known to NATO as the Bear-T.
5356:
5306:
5246:
5241:
5201:
4257:
2926:
2739:
1836:
1703:
1110:
582:, and other navigation systems. The first Tu-95 modernized to carry the Kh-101/102 missiles was the Tu-95MS
578:
also replaced in this first step of the modernisation, including the satellite signal reception system, the
6009:) • Unknown/no details • Possible error • Unconfirmed
3295:
3235:
2045:
1983:
1109:
Variant of the basic Bear-A configuration, redesigned for maritime reconnaissance and targeting as well as
828:
Tu-95MS/MSM bombers reportedly took part in the opening assault on Ukraine during the initial phase of the
5251:
5226:
5196:
5186:
5136:
4037:
1002:
79:
1475:
cruise missiles to Russia as exchange for gas debt relief in 2000; the remainder were scrapped under the
5570:
3403:"In 2020, 6 modernized strategic missile carriers will join the composition of Far Range Aviation (FRA)"
2812:
1681:
1408:
1201:
1165:
Tu-95 fitted with passenger cabins as a stop-gap while the Tu-114 was being developed. 2 were converted.
1114:
1042:
773:
708:
528:
364:
2689:
1196:
3402:
2948:
2659:
1510:
1279:
817:
On 5 December 2017, two Tu-95MSs and two Il-76MD transport aircraft landed for the first time at the
557:
missile. Then, the proper modernisation program was initiated. Development officially started when a
355:
4962:
4811:
4487:
3163:"Is Small Really Beautiful?The Future Role of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors (SMRs) In The Military"
3011:"The Russian Attack On Ukraine Is Underway. And This Is A First Recap Of What Has Happened Thus Far"
2440:
1005:. The Tu-95KD aircraft were the first to be outfitted with nose probes. Known to NATO as the Bear-B.
5961:
5393:
5231:
3696:
3378:"TASS: Military & Defense - Russia's Aerospace Force gets 2 upgraded Tu-95MS strategic bombers"
3010:
1763:
1468:
1414:
1385:
1263:
1234:
933:
885:
754:
738:
242:
222:
130:
5286:
4731:
4726:
6006:
5216:
5171:
3655:"Russia starts Friday with large-scale air attack on Ukraine, Tu-95 bombers from Murmansk active"
2759:
2694:
2607:
1398:
40th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment – united with the 182nd TBAP in 1998 at the Ukrainka Air Base
387:
5191:
4706:
4701:
4691:
4229:
3982:"Головною військовою прокуратурою викрито факт продажу військових літаків за ціною металобрухту"
3923:
1184:
Maritime reconnaissance/anti-submarine warfare derivative of Tu-95. Known to NATO as the Bear-F.
657:, which reportedly housed a radar antenna that was used to search for and detect surface ships.
3888:
730:
4240:
4225:
4220:
4207:
4189:
4174:
4159:
4144:
4129:
2397:
2392:
1934:
1323:
1243:
676:
372:
300:
246:
120:
3756:
613:
The second step of the modernisation program is also the most extensive one, and is known as
565:, on 23 December 2009. The modernisations are applied to only the Tu-95MS16s using the K-016
5704:
5534:
5501:
5206:
5161:
5156:
5151:
5146:
4751:
4598:
3825:
3795:
1517:
1363:
1014:
822:
750:
719:
667:
602:
at a rate of three aircraft per year. The first Tu-95 modernized by Aviakor was the Tu-95MS
368:
311:
234:
214:
197:
58:
3560:
363:
to meet its long range requirement, and for the British long-range transport aircraft, the
5519:
5506:
5476:
5351:
5346:
5301:
5291:
5281:
5276:
5256:
5211:
5166:
5141:
4881:
4269:
4109:
4040:[Museum of long-range aviation, Poltava] (in Russian). Doroga.ua. 27 August 2012.
3567:
3507:"Контракт на создание глубоко модернизированного стратегического бомбардировщика Ту-95МСМ"
2841:
2819:
2766:
2746:
2727:
2471:
2073:
1990:
1818:
1749:
1620:
1525:
1483:
1425:
1129:
Special carrier aircraft to test-drop the largest thermonuclear weapon ever designed, the
1094:
735:
680:
640:
623:
276:
257:
2949:"Russian aircraft make a flight from Amur region to Indonesia within international visit"
2416:"Russia's top brass signs a host of deals on advanced weapons delivery to Russian troops"
3955:
3462:"Russian nuclear trifecta modernization level highest in history, defense minister says"
2464:
1954:
753:
air base to the Russian Federation. The bombers joined those already at the Far Eastern
5951:
5848:
5763:
5511:
5496:
5481:
5416:
5311:
5296:
5181:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5037:
5027:
5017:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4967:
4957:
4891:
4886:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4676:
4671:
4651:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4426:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4202:
4200:
Healey, John K. (January–February 2004). "Retired Warriors: 'Cold War' Bomber Legacy".
4101:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1537:
1429:
1418:
1238:
1179:
1168:
1160:
1152:
1063:
1056:
1038:
929:
925:
833:
810:. On 17 November 2016, Tu-95MSs performed their first combat deployment, launching the
792:
781:
523:
453:
445:
414:
402:
331:
315:
269:
261:
201:
193:
189:
6020:
5792:
5741:
5398:
5361:
5336:
5316:
5221:
5176:
5062:
5012:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4896:
4776:
4771:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4696:
4681:
4656:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4538:
4436:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4406:
4262:
3640:
3102:"Ukraine Modified Soviet-Era Jet Drones To Hit Bomber Bases, Russia Claims (Updated)"
1436:
1345:
1283:
1278:
43rd Center for Combat Application and Training of Aircrew for Long Range Aviation –
715:
354:
Tupolev was faced with selecting a suitable type of powerplant: the Tu-4 showed that
335:
238:
3727:"43rd Center for Combat Application and Training of Aircrew for Long Range Aviation"
3726:
2857:
848:
reported four to six Kh-101 cruise missiles were launched by Tu-95MS and Tu-160s at
768:
5882:
5871:
5853:
5728:
5720:
5636:
5552:
5491:
5486:
5440:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5077:
5032:
5022:
5002:
4937:
4927:
4686:
4666:
4661:
4593:
4568:
4543:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4401:
4396:
4391:
2983:
2549:
The Kremlin's Nuclear Sword: The Rise and Fall of Russia's Strategic Nuclear Forces
1865:
1808:
1803:
1393:
1308:
1060:
989:
672:
391:
339:
72:
3071:"Russian missiles on Kyiv launched with Tu-95, Tu-160 bombers – Air Force Command"
2465:" Big Ivan, The Tsar Bomba ("King of Bombs"): The World's Largest Nuclear Weapon."
832:
on 24 February 2022. On 6 March 2022, according to Ukrainian sources, Tu-95MS and
359:
gave a top speed between the two. Turboprops were also initially selected for the
17:
2979:"Australian air force put on alert after Russian long-range bombers headed south"
1142:
of the aircraft were performed with non-high altitude TV-12 engines in 1955–1956.
948:
A Tu-95RTs Bear D (Door Number 17) of Soviet Naval Aviation in flight in May 1983
863:
On 5 December 2022, explosions were reported at two Russian airbases: the one at
749:
began returning the Tu-95 aircraft of the 79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division at
5937:
5863:
5753:
5736:
5599:
5581:
5426:
5385:
5331:
5326:
5072:
4972:
4932:
2142:
1389:
1350:
409th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment – Uzyn Air Base, Kiev Oblast, Ukrainian SSR
1341:
1267:
853:
845:
836:
strategic bombers launched eight cruise missiles, presumably the Kh-101, at the
785:
347:
125:
3624:"Shutting the Stable Door – Russia Moves Strategic Bombers After Drone Strikes"
2173:
1871:
821:
in Indonesia. The bombers covered more than 7,000 km (4,300 mi) with
409:
5917:
5758:
5746:
5236:
5067:
5042:
2919:"Russia's Tupolev-95MSM bomber delivers first-ever strike on mission to Syria"
2514:
2484:
1739:
1706:
1131:
746:
662:
401:
The Tu-95/I, with 2TV-2F engines, first flew in November 1952 with test pilot
284:
4211:
2401:
2269:""Авиакор" возвращается к работам по стратегическим бомбардировщикам Ту-95МС"
2007:
569:
missile initialisation system, and not to the aircraft using the older K-012
5787:
5768:
3506:
2720:
2663:
2328:
2298:
2268:
2238:
2208:
1931:
Russia Air Force Handbook, Volume 1 Strategic Information and Weapon Systems
1824:
1623:
857:
841:
379:
295:
230:
3197:
4063:
3858:
3257:
2066:
1326:– aircraft were transferred to Russian and Ukrainian Air Forces after the
964:
The first prototype powered by Kuznetsov 2TV-2F coupled turboprop engines.
944:
249:
in 1956 and was first used in combat in 2015. It is expected to serve the
5829:
5819:
5802:
5628:
5609:
5562:
5341:
5321:
1893:
1505:– 5 Russian Tu-95s scrapped at the plant, after an agreement between the
864:
654:
591:
457:
441:
438:
265:
4007:
2611:
2593:
1984:
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015059171325;view=1up;seq=3
1025:
Modification of the serial Tu-95 with the NK-12M engines. 19 were built.
5659:
4305:
3956:"Во времена Лебедева чиновники Минобороны продали два самолета как лом"
1521:
1461:
1444:
992:
missile and incorporating modern avionics. Known to NATO as the Bear-G.
610:
sighting and computing system from the Russian company Gefest & T.
595:
395:
383:
94:
84:
3623:
2887:
Oliphant, Roland; Akkoc, Raziye; Steafel, Eleanor (17 November 2015).
2636:"All Strategic Bombers Out Of Kazakhstan; Talks On Those In Ukraine."
1544:
884:
On June 8, 2015, a Tu-95 engine caught fire while taking off from the
425:
For a long time, the Tu-95 was known to U.S./NATO intelligence as the
334:, designed the Soviet Union's first intercontinental bomber, the 1949
5837:
5591:
5524:
3598:
2390:
Allport, Dave (October 2020). "Maiden flight for upgraded Tu-95MSM".
1354:
1217:
937:
902:
872:
868:
696:
692:
645:
607:
599:
587:
554:
418:
323:
62:
3683:"Russian bombers outside Finnmark ahead of exercise Nordic Response"
3433:"Russia's Aerospace Force gets 5 upgraded Tu-95MS strategic bombers"
2640:, Vol. 3, No. 9, 21–25 February 1994, via Nuclear Threat Initiative.
1103:
Experimental version for air-dropping an RS ramjet powered aircraft.
6005:
Listed in contemporary sources • Bergander list (
4274:
3461:
3432:
2474:
nuclearweaponarchive.org, 3 September 2007. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
2415:
1632:
8-bladed contra-rotating fully feathering constant-speed propellers
699:
2.9-megaton thermonuclear bomb, and the RP-30-32 200-kiloton bomb.
687:, the Tu-95 proved to be a versatile bomber that would deliver the
5987:
5773:
5694:
5408:
3697:"43rd Center for Combat Employment and Retraining of Personnel DA"
3669:"Russia sent 11 Tu-95s, 4 Tu-22s, Su-35 and Su-34 against Ukraine"
3377:
3347:
3132:"Russia Grounds 2nd Fighter Jet Fleet Amid String of Catastrophes"
2813:"RAF alert as Russia stages huge naval exercise in Bay of Biscay."
2358:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1543:
1536:
1472:
1313:
1195:
1068:
999:
982:
Experimental version for air-dropping a MiG-19 SM-20 jet aircraft.
951:
943:
912:
906:
896:
811:
767:
729:
688:
639:
574:
527:
408:
305:
294:
4064:"51 – Tupolev Tu-95 Bear – Ukraine – Air Force – Simon De Rudder"
3641:"Russian bombers capable of carrying nukes detected near Finland"
3318:"Tupolev hands over upgraded Tu-160M, Tu-95MSM strategic bombers"
2918:
988:
Conversions of the older Bear bombers, reconfigured to carry the
5896:
3757:"106th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division im. 60th anniversary SSSR"
3287:
3227:
2858:"Рекорд Ту-95МС: "медведи" провели в воздухе более сорока часов"
2363:
2037:
1046:
849:
762:
5092:
4278:
3041:"Missile strikes on Vinnytsia airfield launched from Black Sea"
2329:"Новые возможности Ту-95МС с системами управления от "Гефеста""
795:
military exercise in October 2008, Tu-95MS aircraft fired live
406:
phase, series production of the Tu-95 started in January 1956.
2359:"New engines to boost Tu-95MS strategic bombers' flight range"
1424:
304th Separate Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment –
1413:
392nd Separate Long-Range Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment –
691:
Tatyana (a fission bomb with a yield of forty-two kilotons),
2783:"Portugal scrambles jets again to intercept Russian bombers"
2168:
2166:
2164:
1055:
Completely new cruise missile carrier platform based on the
844:
area. On 26 June 2022, spokesman of the Ukrainian Air Force
3537:"Стратегический бомбардировщик Ту-96. – Российская авиация"
970:
The second prototype powered by Kuznetsov NK-12 turboprops.
888:
airbase in Russia. As a result, one crew member was killed.
871:
was also damaged. The attack was carried out by modernised
2088:"Russian air force takes first modernised Tupolev bombers"
1097:
turboprop engines. First flight scheduled for end of 2019.
617:. It includes the installation of the new Novella NV1.021
3889:"169th Guards Roslavlskiy Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment"
2209:"Модернизация российских стратегических бомбардировщиков"
1842:
List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS
1059:
airframe. This variant became the launch platform of the
718:
Tu-95s carried out intelligence-gathering flights around
3924:"Ukraine Bomber Decommissioning and Transfer Chronology"
3348:"Russian strategic Tu-160 bomber test-fires 12 missiles"
2203:
2201:
2199:
2118:"Tupolev completes upgrade of Tu-95MS strategic bombers"
814:
cruise missiles on several militant positions in Syria.
1626:
engines 15,000 PS (15,000 hp; 11,000 kW)
1340:
1006th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment – Uzyn Air Base,
346:
copy. A new requirement was issued to both Tupolev and
4124:
Bukharin, Oleg, Pavel L. Podvig and Frank von Hippel.
2067:"Tu-20/95/142 Bear: The fastest prop-driven aircraft."
4239:. Fyshwick, Australia: Aerospace Publications, 2000.
4008:"Российские Ту-95 будут ликвидировать в Белой Церкви"
1715:
Up to 15,000 kg (33,000 lb), including the
808:
Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
4112:
Airforce-Technology.com. Retrieved: 20 January 2011.
1176:
derivative of Tu-114, itself derived from the Tu-95.
5960:
5916:
5862:
5828:
5801:
5719:
5703:
5658:
5649:
5627:
5608:
5590:
5561:
5543:
5449:
5425:
5407:
5384:
5375:
5127:
4905:
4642:
4516:
4460:
4384:
4313:
1798:
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
1435:169th Independent Guards Mixed Aviation Regiment –
185:
167:
159:
151:
146:
138:
108:
100:
90:
78:
68:
54:
49:
32:
4173:. North Branch, Minnesota: Specialty Press, 2006.
2299:"Модернизированный бомбардировщик Ту-95МС "Дубна""
2749:CBC, 25 August 2010. Retrieved: 6 September 2010.
2174:"[Actu] Modernisation du Tupolev Tu-95MS"
456:) was developed from the Tu-114. An icon of the
4224:. Vol. 89, No. 2, August 2015. pp. 40–47.
3488:
3486:
2521:. 17 July 2009. Event occurs at 1:15 to 1:50.
2008:"Creation of the TV-2 (NK-12) turboprop engine"
648:", named after one of the oldest Russian cities
299:Top view of a Tu-95 showing its swept wing and
2740:"NORAD downplays Russian bomber interception".
2730:BBC News, 6 July 2007. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
1659:15,000 km (9,300 mi, 8,100 nmi)
1353:182nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment –
1019:Experimental nuclear-powered aircraft project.
5104:
4290:
3853:
3851:
1288:2nd Instructor Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
8:
5122:for Soviet and Chinese aircraft and missiles
4156:The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft
1731:cruise missiles mounted on underwing pylons.
788:"Mainstay" airborne early-warning aircraft.
241:in 1952, the Tu-95 entered service with the
4218:Mladenov, Alexander. "Still Going Strong".
3570:globalsecurity.org. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
2690:"Russia Resumes Patrols by Nuclear Bombers"
2515:"RDS 202: Tsar Bomb, The Biggest Bomb Ever"
2485:"RDS 202: Tsar Bomb, The Biggest Bomb Ever"
1256:184th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
838:Havryshivka Vinnytsia International Airport
5655:
5381:
5111:
5097:
5089:
4297:
4283:
4275:
4258:Tu-95 Intercepts From The 1960s Till Today
3785:"SSM" manuscript from Yahoo TO&E group
2847:, 30 October 2008. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
1231:22nd Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division
29:
3929:. Nuclear Threat Initiative. April 2005.
3170:NATO Energy Security Centre of Excellence
2825:, 17 August 2007. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
2660:"Russia orders long-range bomber patrols"
2564:Raketno-Kosmicheskaya korporatsia Energia
2001:
1999:
1653:710 km/h (440 mph, 380 kn)
1647:925 km/h (575 mph, 499 kn)
673:B.1 Special version of the Avro Lancaster
6042:Aircraft with contra-rotating propellers
2594:"The Soviet Union and the Falklands War"
2396:. Vol. 99, no. 4. p. 12.
1227:– 55 Tu-95MS are in service as of 2020.
1852:
1477:Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction
856:area. The bombers reportedly flew from
466:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3635:
3633:
3407:Russian Federation Ministry of Defence
2760:"Canadian jets repel Russian bombers".
2579:Reserves of Combat Readiness: The RVSN
2239:"Модернизированный Ту-95МС в Энгельсе"
2098:from the original on 27 September 2015
2018:from the original on 17 September 2010
1677:606 kg/m (124 lb/sq ft)
1384:73rd Heavy Bomber Aviation Division –
1362:79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division –
561:contract was issued to Tupolev by the
4074:from the original on 22 December 2018
3988:from the original on 17 December 2018
3962:from the original on 20 February 2018
3826:"73rd Heavy Bomber Aviation Division"
3796:"79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division"
3579:Duffy and Kandalov 1996, pp. 131–132.
3358:from the original on 20 December 2018
3238:from the original on 2 September 2017
3208:from the original on 29 December 2016
3081:from the original on 10 December 2022
2868:from the original on 19 December 2018
2618:from the original on 21 December 2020
2542:
2540:
2309:from the original on 23 November 2015
2048:from the original on 21 November 2015
1965:from the original on 28 December 2010
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1904:from the original on 18 February 2009
1379:1226th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
1376:1223rd Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
7:
4018:from the original on 30 January 2019
3737:from the original on 29 January 2019
3539:. Xn—80aafy5bs.xn—p1ai. 2015-10-03.
3142:from the original on 28 October 2015
3112:from the original on 7 December 2022
3051:from the original on 5 December 2022
2991:from the original on 12 January 2020
2959:from the original on 12 January 2020
2670:from the original on 6 November 2018
2525:from the original on 7 December 2015
2495:from the original on 7 December 2015
2076:Aviation.ru. Retrieved: 5 June 2010.
1272:182nd Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
1260:326th Heavy Bomber Aviation Division
1252:121st Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
924:A Tu-95 performs a fly-over with an
619:passive electronically scanned array
4044:from the original on 18 August 2012
3936:from the original on 13 August 2018
3899:from the original on 5 October 2018
3806:from the original on 9 October 2018
3298:from the original on 3 January 2017
2835:"Russia revives Cold War aircraft."
2702:from the original on 29 August 2019
2086:Perry, Dominic (19 December 2014).
1870:. 24 September 2007. Archived from
1686:0.235 kW/kg (0.143 hp/lb)
1589:12.12 m (39 ft 9 in)
1583:50.1 m (164 ft 4 in)
1577:46.2 m (151 ft 7 in)
1401:79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
1275:79th Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment
932:simulating aerial refueling at the
784:3 "Backfire" strategic bombers and
431:United States Department of Defense
4169:Gordon, Yefim and Peter Davidson.
3869:from the original on 30 March 2019
3836:from the original on 7 August 2018
3599:"Russian strategic nuclear forces"
3517:from the original on 21 April 2019
3413:from the original on 16 March 2022
3100:THOMAS NEWDICK (6 December 2022).
2547:Zaloga, Steve (17 February 2002).
2371:from the original on 20 April 2019
2339:from the original on 21 April 2019
2279:from the original on 21 April 2019
2249:from the original on 21 April 2019
2219:from the original on 21 April 2019
1595:310 m (3,300 sq ft)
1503:Bila Tserkva Aircraft Repair Plant
1482:106th Heavy Bomber Air Division –
734:A Tu-95MS 'Bear-H' escorted by an
25:
4188:. Harlow, Essex: DK Adult, 2007.
4143:. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife, 1996.
4141:Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft
4139:Duffy, Paul and Andrei Kandalov.
4126:Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces.
3328:from the original on 2 April 2019
3268:from the original on 1 April 2017
3021:from the original on 26 June 2022
2929:from the original on 5 March 2017
2789:. 31 October 2014. Archived from
2721:"UK jets shadow Russian bombers."
2184:from the original on 13 July 2022
2149:from the original on 24 July 2014
1959:Federation of American Scientists
1613:188,000 kg (414,469 lb)
1607:171,000 kg (376,990 lb)
1548:Right view of the Tupolev Tu-95MS
1200:A lineup at sunset of Tu-95MS at
44:A Tu-95 flying over Moscow, 2008.
27:Russian strategic bomber aircraft
4206:. No. 109. pp. 75–79.
4184:Grant, R.G. and John R. Dailey.
4038:"Музей дальней авиации, Полтава"
3767:from the original on 25 May 2013
3707:from the original on 5 July 2018
3588:The Military Balance 2017, p.217
1756:
1742:
1601:90,000 kg (198,416 lb)
1454:
1301:
1210:
830:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
505:
493:
481:
469:
256:A development of the bomber for
38:
6047:Four-engined turboprop aircraft
3605:from the original on 2022-10-03
3543:from the original on 2019-02-02
3472:from the original on 2021-12-22
3443:from the original on 2020-12-23
3384:from the original on 2019-04-20
3179:from the original on 2022-07-31
2447:from the original on 2010-11-05
2422:from the original on 2021-11-04
2124:from the original on 2021-09-25
1702:2 × 23 mm (0.906 in)
1671:10 m/s (2,000 ft/min)
1507:Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine
1328:dissolution of the Soviet Union
741:F.2 in 2008 over North Atlantic
2006:Sobolev, D.A.; Khazanov, D.B.
1665:13,716 m (45,000 ft)
1497:Mykolaiv Aircraft Repair Plant
1117:. Known to NATO as the Bear-D.
1:
6037:Four-engined tractor aircraft
4186:Flight: 100 Years of Aviation
4158:. London: Amber Books, 2004.
4102:"Tu-95 Bear Strategic Bomber"
2649:Bukharin et al. 2004, p. 385.
2592:Mastny, Vojtech (June 1983).
2577:Prooskov, N. (14 July 1997).
1518:Museum of Long Range Aviation
1157:Airliner derivative of Tu-95.
901:Tu-95K22 Bear-G with a large
703:1,200 flight-hours annually.
338:, a scaled-up version of the
6057:Aircraft first flown in 1952
6032:1950s Soviet bomber aircraft
1489:1006th Heavy Bomber Regiment
797:air-launched cruise missiles
3198:"Военная авиация — Туполев"
1233:, 6950th Guards Air Base –
745:In 1992, newly independent
421:and flight refuelling probe
229:") is a large, four-engine
6078:
4237:Combat Aircraft since 1945
2441:"Tupolev Tu-95RT "Bear D""
1814:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
1556:Combat Aircraft since 1945
1052:Tu-95MS/Tu-95MS6/Tu-95MS16
1037:Bear-A modified for photo-
521:
417:-bomber, showing its nose
361:Boeing B-52 Stratofortress
330:The design bureau, led by
281:contra-rotating propellers
268:derivative was called the
6003:
4128:Boston: MIT Press, 2004.
1479:agreement led by the US.
1357:, Severo-Osetinskaya ASSR
580:instrument landing system
542:Ulyanovsk Central Airport
534:Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum
386:prisoner-engineers under
344:Boeing B-29 Superfortress
218:
37:
5120:USAF/DoD reporting names
3496:August 2015, pp. 43, 45.
2953:Russian Defence Ministry
2895:. Online. Archived from
2599:Naval War College Review
1533:Specifications (Tu-95MS)
1335:Hero of the Soviet Union
1225:Russian Aerospace Forces
695:thermonuclear bomb, the
563:Russian Defence Ministry
559:research and development
500:Flight engineer position
251:Russian Aerospace Forces
113:Russian Aerospace Forces
1837:List of bomber aircraft
1704:Gryazev-Shipunov GSh-23
1562:General characteristics
1111:electronic intelligence
675:did with the ten-tonne
512:Radio operator position
3322:www.airrecognition.com
3161:Trakimavičius, Lukas.
1861:"Russian Bear is back"
1549:
1541:
1319:
1205:
1003:air-to-surface missile
998:Designed to carry the
957:
949:
941:
910:
777:
742:
649:
536:
532:A Tu-116 preserved at
422:
327:
303:
291:Design and development
275:The aircraft has four
237:and missile platform.
173:; 71 years ago
5043:ANT-40/SB/PS-40/PS-41
4154:Eden, Paul (editor).
4014:. 22 September 2004.
3601:. Russianforces.org.
1547:
1540:
1409:Soviet Naval Aviation
1318:Tu-95 Veliky Novgorod
1317:
1202:Engels Air Force Base
1199:
1115:Soviet Naval Aviation
1043:Soviet Naval Aviation
955:
947:
923:
900:
774:Engels Air Force Base
771:
733:
709:American counterparts
643:
531:
413:Tu-20/Tu-95 "Bear-B"
412:
369:Bristol Brabazon Mk 2
365:Saunders-Roe Princess
310:A Tu-95MS simulating
309:
298:
253:until at least 2040.
171:12 November 1952
4092:Wilson 2000, p. 137.
3643:. 30 September 2022.
3511:bmpd.livejournal.com
3017:. 24 February 2022.
2987:. 30 December 2017.
2333:bmpd.livejournal.com
2305:. 20 November 2015.
2303:bmpd.livejournal.com
2273:bmpd.livejournal.com
2243:bmpd.livejournal.com
2213:bmpd.livejournal.com
1955:"Tupolev Tu-95 Bear"
1511:Government of Russia
1368:Semipalatinsk Oblast
1280:Dyagilevo (air base)
1262:, 6952nd Air Base –
586:, rolled out at the
4943:ANT-7/R-6/KR-6/MR-6
2955:. 5 December 2017.
2899:on 17 November 2015
2893:The Daily Telegraph
2275:. 22 October 2015.
2180:. 22 October 2021.
2040:[Tu-95MS].
1771:Related development
1764:Soviet Union portal
1611:Max takeoff weight:
1469:Ukrainian Air Force
1386:Ukrainka (air base)
1264:Ukrainka (air base)
1235:Engels-2 (air base)
1113:for service in the
791:During the Russian
739:Eurofighter Typhoon
631:Operational history
243:Long-Range Aviation
223:NATO reporting name
131:Ukrainian Air Force
50:General information
6052:High-wing aircraft
5650:Research/prototype
5376:Research/prototype
5013:ANT-27/MDR-4/MTB-1
4268:2016-03-07 at the
4171:Tupolev Tu-95 Bear
4108:2010-12-28 at the
3566:2008-03-13 at the
3513:. 15 August 2018.
3409:. 5 January 2020.
3015:theaviationist.com
2840:2008-11-03 at the
2818:2008-02-14 at the
2765:2010-07-31 at the
2745:2010-08-28 at the
2726:2008-09-25 at the
2698:. 17 August 2007.
2695:The New York Times
2666:. 17 August 2007.
2638:RFE/RL News Briefs
2470:2016-06-17 at the
2367:. 23 August 2018.
2072:2008-12-11 at the
1989:2020-11-04 at the
1550:
1542:
1441:Khánh Hòa Province
1320:
1206:
1095:Kuznetsov NK-12MPM
958:
950:
942:
911:
778:
743:
683:". Along with the
650:
624:Kuznetsov NK-12MPM
598:aircraft plant in
590:aircraft plant in
537:
488:Navigator position
423:
388:Ferdinand Brandner
328:
320:Victory Day Parade
304:
266:passenger airliner
260:is designated the
18:Tupolev Tu-95 Bear
6062:Strategic bombers
6014:
6013:
5999:
5998:
5645:
5644:
5086:
5085:
4245:978-1-875671-50-2
4235:Wilson, Stewart.
4221:Air International
4194:978-0-7566-1902-2
4179:978-1-58007-102-4
4164:978-1-904687-84-9
4149:978-1-85310-728-3
4134:978-0-262-66181-2
3671:. 8 January 2024.
3626:. 22 August 2023.
3494:Air International
2393:Air International
2215:. 17 April 2016.
1940:978-1-4330-4115-0
1516:1 Tu-95MS in the
1324:Soviet Air Forces
1244:Olenya (air base)
1204:in December 2005.
1147:Tu-95 derivatives
1041:and produced for
921:
755:Ukrainka air base
373:Bristol Britannia
301:anti-shock bodies
247:Soviet Air Forces
207:
206:
160:Introduction date
121:Soviet Air Forces
117:Iranian Air Force
16:(Redirected from
6069:
6027:Tupolev aircraft
5656:
5382:
5113:
5106:
5099:
5090:
5073:ANT-51/BB-1/Su-2
5053:ANT-42/TB-7/Pe-8
4299:
4292:
4285:
4276:
4215:
4113:
4099:
4093:
4090:
4084:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4060:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4004:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3946:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3935:
3928:
3920:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3855:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3841:
3822:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3792:
3786:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3731:vitalykuzmin.net
3723:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3693:
3687:
3686:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3610:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3571:
3558:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3458:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3399:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3314:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3167:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3136:The Moscow Times
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3097:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3077:. 26 June 2022.
3067:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3047:. 6 March 2022.
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3007:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2975:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2915:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2864:. 30 July 2010.
2854:
2848:
2845:Washington Times
2832:
2826:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2793:on 21 March 2015
2779:
2773:
2756:
2750:
2737:
2731:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2686:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2675:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2544:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2491:. 17 July 2009.
2481:
2475:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2428:
2427:
2412:
2406:
2405:
2387:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2335:. 29 June 2017.
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2245:. 7 March 2015.
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2205:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2170:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2143:"Tupolev Tu-116"
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2083:
2077:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2003:
1994:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1927:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1890:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1857:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1759:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1694:
1663:Service ceiling:
1640:
1564:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1364:Dolon (air base)
1337:A. G. Molodchi.
1307:
1305:
1304:
1295:Former operators
1216:
1214:
1213:
1031:Missile carrier.
922:
823:aerial refueling
720:Ascension Island
668:anti-flash white
627:in August 2021.
509:
497:
485:
473:
312:aerial refueling
285:swept-back wings
235:strategic bomber
220:
198:Tupolev Tu-95LAL
181:
179:
174:
42:
30:
21:
6077:
6076:
6072:
6071:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6010:
5995:
5956:
5912:
5858:
5824:
5797:
5715:
5699:
5651:
5641:
5623:
5604:
5586:
5557:
5539:
5445:
5421:
5403:
5377:
5371:
5129:
5123:
5117:
5087:
5082:
5048:ANT-41/T-1/LK-1
4901:
4644:
4638:
4512:
4456:
4380:
4309:
4303:
4270:Wayback Machine
4254:
4199:
4121:
4116:
4110:Wayback Machine
4100:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4075:
4062:
4061:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4021:
4019:
4006:
4005:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3965:
3963:
3954:
3953:
3949:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3887:
3886:
3882:
3872:
3870:
3857:
3856:
3849:
3839:
3837:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3809:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3784:
3780:
3770:
3768:
3755:
3754:
3750:
3740:
3738:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3710:
3708:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3667:
3666:
3662:
3653:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3638:
3631:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3608:
3606:
3597:
3596:
3592:
3587:
3583:
3578:
3574:
3568:Wayback Machine
3559:
3555:
3546:
3544:
3535:
3534:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3491:
3484:
3475:
3473:
3460:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3401:
3400:
3396:
3387:
3385:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3316:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3211:
3209:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3145:
3143:
3138:. 6 July 2015.
3130:
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3084:
3082:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3054:
3052:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2917:
2916:
2912:
2902:
2900:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2871:
2869:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2842:Wayback Machine
2833:
2829:
2820:Wayback Machine
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2772:, 30 July 2010.
2767:Wayback Machine
2758:Lilley, Brian.
2757:
2753:
2747:Wayback Machine
2738:
2734:
2728:Wayback Machine
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2658:
2657:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2545:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2472:Wayback Machine
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2425:
2423:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2374:
2372:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
2340:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2292:
2282:
2280:
2267:
2266:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2220:
2207:
2206:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2101:
2099:
2085:
2084:
2080:
2074:Wayback Machine
2065:
2061:
2051:
2049:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1991:Wayback Machine
1982:
1978:
1968:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1941:
1929:
1928:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1898:Monino Aviation
1892:
1891:
1887:
1877:
1875:
1868:via youtube.com
1859:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1819:Myasishchev M-4
1762:
1757:
1755:
1750:Aviation portal
1748:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1695:
1690:
1636:
1621:Kuznetsov NK-12
1560:
1535:
1526:Mykolaiv Oblast
1524:and 1 Tu-95 in
1455:
1453:
1426:Khorol Airfield
1302:
1300:
1297:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1149:
956:Tupolev Tu-95LL
913:
895:
881:
728:
681:earthquake bomb
671:to the way the
638:
633:
550:
526:
520:
513:
510:
501:
498:
489:
486:
477:
476:Tu-95MS cockpit
474:
293:
277:Kuznetsov NK-12
258:maritime patrol
200:
196:
192:
177:
175:
172:
134:
129:
124:
69:National origin
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6075:
6073:
6065:
6064:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6044:
6039:
6034:
6029:
6019:
6018:
6012:
6011:
6004:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5996:
5994:
5993:
5990:
5985:
5982:
5979:
5976:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5955:
5954:
5949:
5946:
5943:
5940:
5935:
5932:
5929:
5926:
5922:
5920:
5914:
5913:
5911:
5910:
5905:
5902:
5899:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5880:
5877:
5874:
5868:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5857:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5843:
5840:
5834:
5832:
5826:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5814:
5811:
5807:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5782:
5779:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5723:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5707:
5701:
5700:
5698:
5697:
5692:
5689:
5686:
5683:
5680:
5677:
5674:
5671:
5668:
5664:
5662:
5653:
5647:
5646:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5596:
5594:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5579:
5576:
5573:
5567:
5565:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5549:
5547:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5517:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5471:
5468:
5465:
5462:
5459:
5455:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5413:
5411:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5401:
5396:
5390:
5388:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5284:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5264:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5194:
5189:
5184:
5179:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5133:
5131:
5125:
5124:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5108:
5101:
5093:
5084:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5078:ANT-58/FB/Tu-2
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4887:Frigate Ecojet
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4648:
4646:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4464:
4462:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4317:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4294:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4253:
4252:External links
4250:
4249:
4248:
4233:
4216:
4203:Air Enthusiast
4197:
4182:
4167:
4152:
4137:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4094:
4085:
4055:
4029:
3999:
3973:
3947:
3910:
3880:
3847:
3817:
3787:
3778:
3748:
3718:
3688:
3674:
3660:
3646:
3629:
3615:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3553:
3528:
3498:
3482:
3453:
3424:
3394:
3369:
3339:
3309:
3279:
3249:
3219:
3189:
3153:
3123:
3092:
3062:
3032:
3002:
2970:
2940:
2910:
2879:
2849:
2827:
2811:Halpin, Tony.
2804:
2774:
2751:
2732:
2713:
2681:
2651:
2642:
2629:
2584:
2569:
2566:. p. 131.
2554:
2536:
2506:
2476:
2457:
2432:
2407:
2382:
2350:
2320:
2290:
2260:
2230:
2195:
2160:
2134:
2109:
2078:
2059:
2044:(in Russian).
2029:
1995:
1976:
1946:
1939:
1915:
1885:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1795:
1794:
1792:Tupolev Tu-142
1789:
1787:Tupolev Tu-126
1784:
1782:Tupolev Tu-119
1779:
1777:Tupolev Tu-114
1768:
1767:
1753:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1732:
1710:
1709:in tail turret
1688:
1687:
1678:
1672:
1669:Rate of climb:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1645:Maximum speed:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1514:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1486:, Kyiv Oblast
1465:
1464:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1447:
1433:
1432:, Russian SFSR
1430:Primorsky Krai
1422:
1421:, Russian SFSR
1419:Vologda Oblast
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1351:
1348:
1312:
1311:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1239:Saratov Oblast
1221:
1220:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1177:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1158:
1155:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1064:cruise missile
1053:
1050:
1049:as the Bear-E.
1039:reconnaissance
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1006:
996:
995:Tu-95K/Tu-95KD
993:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
971:
968:
965:
962:
894:
891:
890:
889:
880:
877:
793:Stability 2008
782:Tupolev Tu-22M
727:
724:
637:
634:
632:
629:
549:
546:
524:Tupolev Tu-116
522:Main article:
519:
516:
515:
514:
511:
504:
502:
499:
492:
490:
487:
480:
478:
475:
468:
415:reconnaissance
403:Alexey Perelet
356:piston engines
332:Andrei Tupolev
326:on 9 May, 2008
316:Ilyushin Il-78
292:
289:
205:
204:
202:Tupolev Tu-116
194:Tupolev Tu-142
190:Tupolev Tu-114
187:
183:
182:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
119:
110:
106:
105:
102:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
63:nuclear bomber
56:
52:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6074:
6063:
6060:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6048:
6045:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6025:
6024:
6022:
6008:
6002:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5983:
5980:
5977:
5974:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5962:Vladimirovska
5959:
5953:
5950:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5933:
5930:
5927:
5924:
5923:
5921:
5919:
5915:
5909:
5906:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5892:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5878:
5875:
5873:
5870:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5835:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5821:
5818:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5804:
5800:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5783:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5711:
5710:
5708:
5706:
5702:
5696:
5693:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5678:
5675:
5672:
5669:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5648:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5536:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5452:
5448:
5442:
5439:
5436:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5428:
5424:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5410:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5387:
5383:
5380:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5193:
5190:
5188:
5185:
5183:
5180:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5126:
5121:
5114:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5091:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4988:ANT-20/PS-124
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4904:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4813:
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4521:
4519:
4515:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4316:
4312:
4307:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4280:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4204:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4103:
4098:
4095:
4089:
4086:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4043:
4039:
4033:
4030:
4017:
4013:
4012:zavtra.com.ua
4009:
4003:
4000:
3987:
3983:
3977:
3974:
3961:
3957:
3951:
3948:
3932:
3925:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3898:
3894:
3890:
3884:
3881:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3859:"Авиация ВМФ"
3854:
3852:
3848:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3782:
3779:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3752:
3749:
3736:
3732:
3728:
3722:
3719:
3706:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3689:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3661:
3656:
3650:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3619:
3616:
3604:
3600:
3594:
3591:
3585:
3582:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3554:
3542:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3457:
3454:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3425:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3395:
3383:
3379:
3373:
3370:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3340:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3313:
3310:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3223:
3220:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3124:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3096:
3093:
3080:
3076:
3075:ukrinform.net
3072:
3066:
3063:
3050:
3046:
3045:ukrinform.net
3042:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3006:
3003:
2990:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2914:
2911:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2883:
2880:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2846:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2831:
2828:
2824:
2821:
2817:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2764:
2761:
2755:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2717:
2714:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2655:
2652:
2646:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2555:
2551:. p. 29.
2550:
2543:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2473:
2469:
2466:
2461:
2458:
2446:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2421:
2417:
2411:
2408:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2386:
2383:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2324:
2321:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2231:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2148:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2082:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1985:
1980:
1977:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:"Tu-4 "Bull""
1889:
1886:
1874:on 2013-10-22
1873:
1869:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1832:
1831:Related lists
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1754:
1751:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1725:Kh-55/101/102
1722:
1718:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1675:Wing loading:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1651:Cruise speed:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1639:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1605:Gross weight:
1603:
1600:
1599:Empty weight:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:Uzyn Air Base
1481:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1437:Cam Ranh Base
1434:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1346:Ukrainian SSR
1343:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1285:
1284:Ryazan Oblast
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1191:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
959:
954:
946:
940:on 9 May 2008
939:
935:
931:
927:
908:
904:
899:
892:
887:
883:
882:
878:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
826:
824:
820:
819:Biak Air Base
815:
813:
809:
804:
800:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
775:
770:
766:
764:
758:
756:
752:
748:
740:
737:
732:
725:
723:
721:
717:
716:Falklands War
712:
710:
704:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
669:
665:
664:
658:
656:
647:
642:
635:
630:
628:
625:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:Modernization
547:
545:
543:
535:
530:
525:
517:
508:
503:
496:
491:
484:
479:
472:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
434:
432:
428:
420:
416:
411:
407:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
357:
352:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
302:
297:
290:
288:
286:
282:
279:engines with
278:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
219:Туполев Ту-95
216:
212:
211:Tupolev Tu-95
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:(historical)
132:
128:(historical)
127:
123:(historical)
122:
118:
114:
111:
109:Primary users
107:
103:
99:
96:
93:
89:
86:
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
48:
41:
36:
33:Tupolev Tu-95
31:
19:
5721:Kapustin Yar
5366:
5128:Type numbers
5063:ANT-44/MTB-2
5028:ANT-35/PS-35
5018:ANT-29/DIP-1
4906:Early period
4652:ANT-17/TSh-1
4517:Experimental
4432:Tu-28/Tu-128
4427:Tu-22M/Tu-26
4416:
4236:
4219:
4201:
4185:
4170:
4155:
4140:
4125:
4119:Bibliography
4097:
4088:
4076:. Retrieved
4067:
4058:
4046:. Retrieved
4032:
4020:. Retrieved
4011:
4002:
3990:. Retrieved
3976:
3964:. Retrieved
3950:
3938:. Retrieved
3901:. Retrieved
3892:
3883:
3871:. Retrieved
3862:
3838:. Retrieved
3829:
3820:
3808:. Retrieved
3799:
3790:
3781:
3769:. Retrieved
3760:
3751:
3739:. Retrieved
3730:
3721:
3709:. Retrieved
3700:
3691:
3677:
3663:
3649:
3618:
3607:. Retrieved
3593:
3584:
3575:
3556:
3545:. Retrieved
3531:
3519:. Retrieved
3510:
3501:
3493:
3474:. Retrieved
3465:
3456:
3445:. Retrieved
3436:
3427:
3415:. Retrieved
3406:
3397:
3386:. Retrieved
3372:
3360:. Retrieved
3351:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3321:
3312:
3300:. Retrieved
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3231:
3222:
3210:. Retrieved
3201:
3192:
3181:. Retrieved
3169:
3156:
3144:. Retrieved
3135:
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3106:thedrive.com
3105:
3095:
3083:. Retrieved
3074:
3065:
3053:. Retrieved
3044:
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3014:
3005:
2993:. Retrieved
2984:The Guardian
2982:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2922:
2913:
2901:. Retrieved
2897:the original
2892:
2882:
2870:. Retrieved
2861:
2852:
2844:
2830:
2822:
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2791:the original
2786:
2777:
2769:
2754:
2735:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2693:
2684:
2672:. Retrieved
2654:
2645:
2637:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2603:
2597:
2587:
2578:
2572:
2563:
2557:
2548:
2527:. Retrieved
2518:
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2488:
2479:
2460:
2449:. Retrieved
2435:
2424:. Retrieved
2410:
2391:
2385:
2373:. Retrieved
2362:
2353:
2341:. Retrieved
2332:
2323:
2311:. Retrieved
2302:
2293:
2281:. Retrieved
2272:
2263:
2251:. Retrieved
2242:
2233:
2221:. Retrieved
2212:
2186:. Retrieved
2177:
2151:. Retrieved
2145:. Aviastar.
2137:
2126:. Retrieved
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2092:Flightglobal
2091:
2081:
2062:
2050:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2011:
1979:
1967:. Retrieved
1958:
1949:
1930:
1906:. Retrieved
1897:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1872:the original
1866:Russia Today
1864:
1855:
1830:
1829:
1809:Boeing XB-55
1804:Convair B-36
1797:
1796:
1770:
1769:
1712:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1635:
1629:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1574:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1394:Russian SFSR
1309:Soviet Union
1187:
1130:
1061:Raduga Kh-55
990:Raduga Kh-22
905:for guiding
862:
827:
816:
805:
801:
790:
779:
759:
744:
713:
705:
701:
684:
661:
659:
651:
636:Soviet Union
614:
612:
603:
583:
570:
566:
551:
538:
461:
435:
426:
424:
400:
392:landing gear
377:
353:
329:
274:
255:
226:
210:
208:
168:First flight
152:Manufactured
139:Number built
80:Manufacturer
73:Soviet Union
5864:Sary Shagan
5427:Novosibirsk
5386:Caspian Sea
5130:(1947–1955)
5068:ANT-46/DI-8
5038:ANT-37/DB-2
5033:ANT-36/DB-1
5023:ANT-31/I-14
5003:ANT-23/I-12
4998:ANT-22/MK-1
4993:ANT-21/MI-3
4983:ANT-16/TB-4
4963:ANT-11/MTBT
4948:ANT-8/MDR-2
4672:ANT-30/SK-1
4662:ANT-26/TB-6
4417:Tu-20/Tu-95
3992:19 February
3966:19 February
3292:vpk-news.ru
3232:vpk-news.ru
2903:17 November
2872:18 December
2770:Calgary Sun
2529:20 November
2499:20 November
2178:Red Samovar
2102:20 November
2052:20 November
2012:airpages.ru
1638:Performance
1630:Propellers:
1617:Powerplant:
1390:Amur Oblast
1342:Kiev Oblast
1268:Amur Oblast
1045:. Known to
934:Victory Day
854:Caspian Sea
846:Yurii Ihnat
786:Beriev A-50
772:Tu-95MS at
714:During the
348:Myasishchev
318:during the
239:First flown
126:Soviet Navy
6021:Categories
4973:ANT-13/I-8
4968:ANT-12/I-5
4958:ANT-10/R-7
4953:ANT-9/PS-9
4938:ANT-6/TB-3
4928:ANT-4/TB-1
4687:Tu-72 (II)
4488:Tu-131 SAM
4078:2 February
4048:9 November
4022:29 January
3940:29 January
3903:29 January
3873:29 January
3863:airbase.ru
3840:29 January
3810:29 January
3771:29 January
3741:29 January
3711:29 January
3609:2022-02-28
3547:2019-02-02
3476:2021-12-22
3447:2020-12-23
3388:2019-04-20
3362:2 February
3332:2 February
3302:1 February
3272:1 February
3262:tupolev.ru
3242:1 February
3212:1 February
3202:tupolev.ru
3183:2020-12-05
3116:7 December
2995:12 January
2963:12 January
2933:1 February
2797:1 February
2706:12 January
2674:12 January
2562:Semyonov.
2451:2017-04-23
2426:2021-08-27
2128:2020-04-03
2094:. London.
1969:23 January
1908:1 November
1878:23 January
1848:References
1729:Kh-101/102
1707:autocannon
1682:Power/mass
1593:Wing area:
1372:Kazakh SSR
1132:Tsar Bomba
1069:Kh-101/102
936:Parade in
747:Kazakhstan
685:Tsar Bomba
677:Grand Slam
663:Tsar Bomba
575:Kh-101/102
452:platform (
380:turboprops
264:, while a
178:1952-11-12
104:In service
5008:ANT-25/RD
4933:ANT-5/I-4
4923:ANT-3/R-3
4682:Tu-72 (I)
4645:cancelled
4643:Proposed,
4230:0306-5634
4212:0143-5450
4068:JetPhotos
3492:Mladenov
2823:The Times
2664:USA Today
2606:(3): 48.
2402:0306-5634
2038:"Ту-95МС"
1825:Xian H-6K
1713:Missiles:
1624:turboprop
1581:Wingspan:
1553:Data from
1192:Operators
1174:AEW&C
1080:Tu-95MS16
1028:Tu-95M-55
879:Incidents
858:Astrakhan
852:from the
842:Black Sea
840:from the
644:Tu-95MS "
233:-powered
231:turboprop
155:1952–1993
59:Strategic
5830:Plesetsk
5803:Nyonoksa
5652:missiles
5610:Nanchang
5563:Taganrog
5378:aircraft
4599:Tu-95LAL
4461:Unmanned
4385:Military
4314:Civilian
4308:aircraft
4266:Archived
4106:Archived
4072:Archived
4042:Archived
4016:Archived
3986:Archived
3960:Archived
3931:Archived
3897:Archived
3867:Archived
3834:Archived
3804:Archived
3765:Archived
3735:Archived
3705:Archived
3603:Archived
3564:Archived
3561:"Tu-96."
3541:Archived
3521:21 April
3515:Archived
3470:Archived
3441:Archived
3411:Archived
3382:Archived
3356:Archived
3326:Archived
3296:Archived
3266:Archived
3236:Archived
3206:Archived
3174:Archived
3146:2 August
3140:Archived
3110:Archived
3079:Archived
3049:Archived
3019:Archived
2989:Archived
2957:Archived
2927:Archived
2923:tass.com
2866:Archived
2862:vesti.ru
2838:Archived
2816:Archived
2763:Archived
2743:Archived
2724:Archived
2700:Archived
2668:Archived
2622:16 March
2616:Archived
2612:44636371
2523:Archived
2493:Archived
2468:Archived
2445:Archived
2420:Archived
2375:21 April
2369:Archived
2343:21 April
2337:Archived
2313:21 April
2307:Archived
2283:21 April
2277:Archived
2253:21 April
2247:Archived
2223:21 April
2217:Archived
2182:Archived
2147:Archived
2122:Archived
2096:Archived
2070:Archived
2046:Archived
2016:Archived
1987:Archived
1963:Archived
1902:Archived
1736:See also
1692:Armament
1509:and the
1415:Kipelovo
1106:Tu-95RTs
1090:Tu-95MSM
1074:Tu-95MS6
1015:Tu-95LAL
985:Tu-95K22
928:and two
909:missiles
893:Variants
886:Ukrainka
875:drones.
865:Engels-2
655:fuselage
615:Tu-95MSM
592:Taganrog
458:Cold War
442:airliner
439:civilian
396:nacelles
371:and the
314:with an
186:Variants
91:Designer
6007:details
5918:Töretam
5660:Barnaul
4882:Tu-2000
4468:Tu-121C
4306:Tupolev
4263:Tu-95МС
3417:30 June
3085:26 June
3055:26 June
3025:26 June
2787:Reuters
2519:Youtube
2489:Youtube
2188:13 July
2042:Tupolev
1727:, or 8
1587:Height:
1575:Length:
1522:Poltava
1462:Ukraine
1445:Vietnam
1034:Tu-95MR
1008:Tu-95KM
967:Tu-95/2
961:Tu-95/1
930:MiG-29s
596:Aviakor
584:Saratov
462:Tu-95MS
384:Junkers
245:of the
215:Russian
176: (
147:History
142:>500
95:Tupolev
85:Aviakor
5733:KY-02
5705:Embi-5
5637:XIAN-A
5600:HARB-A
5592:Harbin
5545:SibNIA
5441:NOVO-C
5437:NOVO-B
5434:NOVO-A
5399:CASP-B
5394:CASP-A
5058:ANT-43
4978:ANT-14
4892:PAK DA
4877:Tu-444
4872:Tu-336
4867:Tu-414
4862:Tu-404
4857:Tu-360
4852:Tu-344
4847:Tu-338
4842:Tu-334
4837:Tu-330
4832:Tu-324
4827:Tu-304
4822:Tu-300
4817:Tu-244
4812:Tu-230
4807:Tu-216
4802:Tu-206
4797:Tu-194
4792:Tu-174
4787:Tu-161
4782:Tu-156
4777:Tu-148
4772:Tu-138
4767:Tu-135
4762:Tu-127
4757:Tu-125
4752:Tu-119
4747:Tu-118
4742:Tu-117
4737:Tu-115
4677:ANT-53
4667:ANT-28
4657:ANT-18
4634:Tu-206
4629:Tu-155
4624:Tu-110
4619:Tu-107
4614:Tu-105
4508:Tu-300
4503:Tu-243
4498:Tu-143
4493:Tu-141
4483:Tu-130
4478:Tu-139
4473:Tu-123
4452:Tu-160
4447:Tu-142
4442:Tu-126
4376:Tu-354
4371:Tu-334
4366:Tu-214
4361:Tu-204
4356:Tu-164
4351:Tu-154
4346:Tu-144
4341:Tu-134
4336:Tu-124
4331:Tu-116
4326:Tu-114
4321:Tu-104
4243:
4228:
4210:
4192:
4177:
4162:
4147:
4132:
3893:ww2.dk
3830:ww2.dk
3800:ww2.dk
3761:ww2.dk
3701:ww2.dk
2610:
2400:
2153:9 July
2022:5 June
1937:
1723:, and
1657:Range:
1459:
1355:Mozdok
1306:
1218:Russia
1215:
1180:Tu-142
1169:Tu-126
1161:Tu-116
1153:Tu-114
1126:Tu-95V
1120:Tu-95U
1100:Tu-95N
1057:Tu-142
1022:Tu-95M
979:Tu-95K
938:Moscow
903:radome
873:Tu-141
869:Tu-22M
834:Tu-160
812:Kh-101
776:, 2006
726:Russia
697:RDS-37
693:RDS-6S
646:Kaluga
608:SVP-24
600:Samara
588:Beriev
555:Kh-555
518:Tu-116
454:Tu-126
448:). An
446:Tu-114
419:radome
367:, the
324:Moscow
270:Tu-114
262:Tu-142
101:Status
61:heavy
5992:VA-08
5988:VA-07
5984:VA-06
5981:VA-05
5978:VA-04
5975:VA-03
5972:VA-02
5969:VA-01
5952:TT-09
5948:TT-08
5945:TT-07
5942:TT-06
5938:TT-05
5934:TT-04
5931:TT-03
5928:TT-02
5925:TT-01
5908:SH-11
5904:SH-10
5901:SH-09
5897:SH-08
5893:SH-07
5890:SH-06
5887:SH-05
5883:SH-04
5879:SH-03
5876:SH-02
5872:SH-01
5854:PL-05
5849:PL-04
5845:PL-03
5842:PL-02
5838:PL-01
5820:NE-04
5816:NE-03
5813:NE-02
5810:NE-01
5793:KY-12
5788:KY-11
5784:KY-10
5781:KY-09
5778:KY-08
5774:KY-07
5769:KY-06
5764:KY-05
5759:KY-04
5754:KY-03
5729:KY-01
5712:EM-01
5695:BL-10
5691:BL-09
5688:BL-08
5685:BL-07
5682:BL-06
5679:BL-05
5676:BL-04
5673:BL-03
5670:BL-02
5667:BL-01
5629:Xi'an
5620:NAN-B
5617:NAN-A
5582:TAG-D
5578:TAG-C
5575:TAG-B
5571:TAG-A
5553:SIB-A
5535:RAM-T
5531:RAM-S
5520:RAM-R
5516:RAM-Q
5512:RAM-P
5507:RAM-N
5502:RAM-M
5497:RAM-L
5492:RAM-K
5487:RAM-J
5482:RAM-H
5477:RAM-G
5473:RAM-F
5470:RAM-E
5467:RAM-D
5464:RAM-C
5461:RAM-B
5458:RAM-A
5417:KAZ-A
5409:Kazan
4918:ANT-2
4913:ANT-1
4897:Voron
4732:'102'
4727:'101'
4609:Tu-98
4604:Tu-96
4594:Tu-94
4589:Tu-91
4584:Tu-85
4579:Tu-82
4574:Tu-80
4569:Tu-79
4564:Tu-77
4559:Tu-75
4554:Tu-72
4549:Tu-70
4544:Tu-18
4539:Tu-12
4437:Tu-81
4422:Tu-22
4412:Tu-16
4407:Tu-14
4402:Tu-10
3934:(PDF)
3927:(PDF)
3177:(PDF)
3166:(PDF)
2608:JSTOR
1821:Molot
1721:Kh-22
1717:Kh-20
1700:Guns:
1569:Crew:
1473:Kh-55
1138:Tu-96
1000:Kh-20
973:Tu-95
926:Il-78
907:Kh-22
751:Dolon
689:RDS-4
604:Dubna
571:Osina
567:Sprut
450:AWACS
427:Tu-20
336:Tu-85
5451:GFRI
4722:'93'
4717:'90'
4712:'86'
4707:'79'
4702:'78'
4697:'74'
4692:'73'
4534:Tu-8
4529:Tu-6
4524:Tu-1
4397:Tu-4
4392:Tu-2
4241:ISBN
4226:ISSN
4208:ISSN
4190:ISBN
4175:ISBN
4160:ISBN
4145:ISBN
4130:ISBN
4080:2019
4050:2012
4024:2019
3994:2018
3968:2018
3942:2019
3905:2019
3875:2019
3842:2019
3812:2019
3773:2019
3743:2019
3713:2019
3523:2019
3466:TASS
3437:TASS
3419:2022
3364:2019
3352:TASS
3334:2019
3304:2017
3274:2017
3244:2017
3214:2017
3148:2015
3118:2022
3087:2022
3057:2022
3027:2022
2997:2020
2965:2020
2935:2017
2905:2015
2874:2018
2799:2017
2708:2020
2676:2020
2624:2023
2531:2015
2501:2015
2398:ISSN
2377:2019
2364:TASS
2345:2019
2315:2015
2285:2019
2255:2019
2225:2019
2190:2022
2155:2014
2104:2015
2054:2015
2024:2010
1993:p.40
1971:2011
1935:ISBN
1910:2009
1880:2011
1619:4 ×
1047:NATO
850:Kyiv
763:NATO
342:, a
340:Tu-4
227:Bear
209:The
163:1956
55:Type
5747:III
1520:in
736:RAF
322:in
225:: "
6023::
5742:II
5525:R2
5367:40
5362:39
5357:38
5352:38
5347:37
5342:36
5337:35
5332:34
5327:33
5322:32
5317:31
5312:30
5307:29
5302:28
5297:27
5292:26
5287:25
5282:24
5277:24
5272:23
5267:22
5262:22
5257:21
5252:20
5247:20
5242:19
5237:19
5232:18
5227:18
5222:17
5217:17
5212:16
5207:15
5202:14
5197:13
5192:12
5187:11
5182:10
4104:.
4070:.
4066:.
4010:.
3913:^
3895:.
3891:.
3865:.
3861:.
3850:^
3832:.
3828:.
3802:.
3798:.
3763:.
3759:.
3733:.
3729:.
3703:.
3699:.
3632:^
3509:.
3485:^
3468:.
3464:.
3439:.
3435:.
3405:.
3380:.
3354:.
3350:.
3324:.
3320:.
3294:.
3290:.
3264:.
3260:.
3234:.
3230:.
3204:.
3200:.
3172:.
3168:.
3134:.
3108:.
3104:.
3073:.
3043:.
3013:.
2981:.
2951:.
2925:.
2921:.
2891:.
2860:.
2785:.
2692:.
2662:.
2614:.
2604:36
2602:.
2596:.
2539:^
2517:.
2487:.
2443:.
2418:.
2361:.
2331:.
2301:.
2271:.
2241:.
2211:.
2198:^
2176:.
2163:^
2120:.
2090:.
2014:.
2010:.
1998:^
1961:.
1957:.
1918:^
1900:.
1896:.
1863:.
1719:,
1443:,
1439:,
1428:,
1417:,
1392:,
1388:,
1370:,
1366:,
1344:,
1330:.
1282:,
1266:,
1237:,
860:.
757:.
722:.
544:.
398:.
375:.
272:.
221:;
217::
115:,
5737:I
5177:9
5172:8
5167:7
5162:6
5157:5
5152:4
5147:3
5142:2
5137:1
5112:e
5105:t
5098:v
4298:e
4291:t
4284:v
4247:.
4232:.
4214:.
4196:.
4181:.
4166:.
4151:.
4136:.
4082:.
4052:.
4026:.
3996:.
3970:.
3944:.
3907:.
3877:.
3844:.
3814:.
3775:.
3745:.
3715:.
3685:.
3657:.
3612:.
3550:.
3525:.
3479:.
3450:.
3421:.
3391:.
3366:.
3336:.
3306:.
3276:.
3246:.
3216:.
3186:.
3150:.
3120:.
3089:.
3059:.
3029:.
2999:.
2967:.
2937:.
2907:.
2876:.
2801:.
2710:.
2678:.
2626:.
2581:.
2533:.
2503:.
2454:.
2429:.
2404:.
2379:.
2347:.
2317:.
2287:.
2257:.
2227:.
2192:.
2157:.
2131:.
2106:.
2056:.
2026:.
1973:.
1943:.
1912:.
1882:.
1684::
1528:.
1513:.
1135:.
679:"
444:(
213:(
180:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
