334:
40:
64:
349:
601:
is differentiated by herbaceous stems, larger blue-green leaves that are strongly dentate with a pointed apex, and only weakly aromatic. One scientific study however, demonstrated this confusion being mostly associated with horticultural commerce, and does not extend appreciably to commercial herbal
384:
Damiana is a relatively small, woody shrub that produces small, aromatic flowers. It blossoms in early to late summer, followed by fruits that taste similar to figs. The shrub is said to have a strong spice-like odor somewhat like
589:(a.k.a. "False Damiana"), a closely related species. This widespread issue has been noted by the scientific community, and has created much confusion among both amateur and professional horticulturists alike. While
1122:
Katarzyna
Szewczyka; Christian Zidorn (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana—Turnera diffusa".
1620:
1659:
1010:
Szewczyk, K; Zidorn, C (2014). "Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and bioactivity of the genus
Turnera (Passifloraceae) with a focus on damiana – Turnera diffusa".
1184:"Taxonomic Clarification on Turnera diffusa Ward and its Demarcation from "False Damiana" using Fluorescence, Scanning Electron Microscopy, HPTLC and UPLC"
1568:
597:
are woody, with small, grayed green leaves 13 to 16 mm long, 4.5 to 5.5 mm wide, obtuse at the apex, and strongly aromatic when crushed.
1633:
1581:
671:
662:
630:
1698:
721:
1373:
945:
863:
766:
1240:
1403:"Assessment of the presence of damiana in herbal blends of forensic interest based on comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography"
1780:
1795:
1770:
1166:
1087:
Zhao J, Dasmahapatra AK, Khan SI, Khan IA (2008). "Anti-aromatase activity of the constituents from damiana (Turnera diffusa)".
1607:
424:
356:. The shape of the bottle is modeled after that of a pregnant mother, a reference to Daminana's supposed aphrodisiac effect.
1638:
622:
667:
593:
are similar in appearance, it's chemical constituents and ethnobotanical uses are distinctly different. Mature stems of
534:. As of 2006, damiana's constituents have not been identified for their effects attributed to the whole herb. Damiana's
850:
For God, Country, and Coca Cola: The
Definitive History of the Great American Soft Drink and the Company That Makes It
1053:
Kumar, Suresh; Taneja, Ruchi; Sharma, Anupam (2006), "Pharmacognostic
Standardization of Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward",
964:
Kumar, S; Madaan, R; Sharma, A (2008), "Pharmacological evaluation of
Bioactive Principle of Turnera aphrodisiaca",
1711:
1664:
412:. Mexican folklore claims that it was used in the "original" margarita. The damiana margarita is popular in the
63:
1785:
1716:
691:
1790:
823:
1560:
333:
39:
1555:
1472:
377:
in the United States, Mexico, Central
America, South America, and the Caribbean. It belongs to the family
507:
200:
196:
180:
1586:
653:
431:. In folklore, the plant was believed to be an aphrodisiac, hence its sometimes used binomial synonym,
1542:
1510:
797:
20:
543:
1651:
1737:
1422:
240:
58:
1703:
1215:
725:
1625:
1348:
855:
1775:
1672:
1529:
1162:
1139:
1104:
1070:
1035:
1027:
993:
941:
937:
930:
910:
859:
828:
762:
585:
567:
1323:
1765:
1414:
1303:
1195:
1131:
1096:
1062:
1019:
983:
973:
900:
892:
847:
843:
1677:
515:
420:
101:
1690:
881:"Anti-anxiety Activity Studies on Homoeopathic Formulations of Turnera aphrodisiaca Ward"
456:
1685:
988:
905:
880:
848:
378:
147:
88:
1759:
1402:
511:
472:
1426:
1265:
1742:
1534:
519:
468:
223:
137:
756:
1646:
1594:
1504:
1308:
1291:
602:
products, most of which exhibit constituents that can be definitively traced to
547:
488:
476:
460:
1401:
Schäffer, Marion; Gröger, Thomas; Pütz, Michael; Zimmermann, Ralf (July 2013).
583:
from both private and commercial sources largely turns out to be misidentified
1418:
1135:
1100:
1023:
535:
523:
405:
1495:
1031:
978:
499:
492:
428:
413:
409:
386:
348:
1729:
1292:"Turnera diffusa 'Luisa', a Drought-tolerant Small Shrub for Warm Climates"
1200:
1183:
1143:
1108:
1074:
1066:
1039:
997:
914:
1521:
896:
1724:
1489:
551:
539:
527:
464:
452:
448:
427:. The leaves were omitted from that product's non-alcoholic counterpart,
114:
1182:
Joshi, V.C.; Rao, A.S.; Wang, Y.H.; Avula, B.; Khan, I.A. (March 2009).
1573:
1458:
1449:
782:
Gildemeister, Eduard; Friedrich
Hoffmann (1922). Edward Kremers (ed.).
503:
444:
401:
353:
157:
1599:
1290:
Meerow, Alan W.; Ayala-Silva, Tomás; Irish, Brian M. (December 2010).
1453:
932:
Prescription for
Nutritional Healing: the A to Z Guide to Supplements
496:
484:
480:
398:
127:
1466:
1612:
374:
370:
347:
332:
75:
1547:
1470:
1216:"Damiana - Turnera diffusa, Turnera ulmifolia seed pictures"
19:"Damiana" redirects here. For the restaurant in Mexico, see
702:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
443:
Damiana contains damianin; tetraphyllin B; gonzalitosin I;
1241:"Turnera diffusa var diffusa or var aphrodisiaca or what?"
801:
755:
Everitt, J. H.; Dale Lynn Drawe; Robert I. Lonard (2002).
736:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
542:. The extract from damiana has been found to suppress
389:, due to the aromatic compounds present in the plant.
1479:
929:
786:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). Wiley. p. 183.
891:(1). Hindawi Publishing Corporation: 117–119.
1374:"Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti"
419:Damiana was included in several 19th-century
8:
761:. Texas Tech University Press. p. 208.
565:is a host plant for the Mexican fritillary (
1161:. Boulder, CO: Johnson Books. p. 128.
1467:
1159:Butterflies of the Lower Rio Grande Valley
959:
957:
397:Damiana is an ingredient in a traditional
38:
27:
1307:
1199:
987:
977:
966:Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
904:
1324:"Elm-leaved Turnera – Turnera ulmifolia"
758:Trees, Shrubs, and Cacti of South Texas
672:United States Department of Agriculture
663:Germplasm Resources Information Network
631:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
614:
579:Viable plant and seed material sold as
253:
648:
646:
734:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
404:, which is sometimes used in lieu of
7:
854:(2 ed.). Basic Books. pp.
546:, including the isolated compounds
885:Evid Based Complement Alternat Med
879:Kumar, Suresh (February 9, 2005).
14:
1381:University of Florida, Miami-Dade
522:, the polyterpene ficaprenol-11,
1717:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:836578-1
798:"Damiana Liqueur at Damiana.net"
62:
936:(2 ed.). Penguin. p.
1245:National Gardening Association
1:
822:Perry, Charles (2007-06-20).
668:Agricultural Research Service
575:Misidentification in commerce
530:have been found in the genus
1124:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
1089:Journal of Ethnopharmacology
425:Pemberton's French Wine Coca
1309:10.21273/HORTSCI.45.12.1895
538:properties might be due to
1812:
928:Balch, Phyllis A. (2002).
700:Plants of the World Online
18:
1781:Flora of Southern America
1419:10.1007/s11419-013-0186-5
1266:"Tropical Plant Database"
1157:Wauer, Roland H. (2004).
1136:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
1101:10.1016/j.jep.2008.09.016
1055:Journal of Medicinal Food
1024:10.1016/j.jep.2014.01.019
344:foliage and inflorescence
246:
239:
212:
207:
186:
179:
59:Scientific classification
57:
46:
37:
30:
1796:Mexican alcoholic drinks
1771:Plants described in 1820
979:10.4103/0250-474X.49095
824:"The unexpected thrill"
1201:10.1055/s-2009-1216454
1067:10.1089/jmf.2006.9.254
357:
345:
266:Bohadschia microphylla
1353:College of Micronesia
1328:A Neotropical Savanna
1012:Journal of Ethobotany
508:cyanogenic glycosides
351:
336:
1462:(www.rain-tree.com)
433:Turnera aphrodisiaca
352:A bottle of Damiana
282:Turnera aphrodisiaca
21:Damiana (restaurant)
1407:Forensic Toxicology
1349:"Turnera Ulmifolia"
897:10.1093/ecam/neh069
373:native to southern
310:Turnera microphylla
274:Triacis microphylla
258:Bohadschia humifusa
544:aromatase activity
447:; tricosan-2-one;
416:region of Mexico.
358:
346:
1753:
1752:
1673:Open Tree of Life
1473:Taxon identifiers
1302:(12): 1895–1896.
947:978-1-58333-143-9
865:978-0-46505-468-8
844:Pendergrast, Mark
829:Los Angeles Times
784:The Volatile Oils
768:978-0-89672-473-0
696:Willd. ex Schult"
586:Turnera ulmifolia
568:Euptoieta hegesia
331:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
286:
278:
270:
262:
226:
1803:
1746:
1745:
1733:
1732:
1720:
1719:
1707:
1706:
1694:
1693:
1681:
1680:
1668:
1667:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1641:
1629:
1628:
1616:
1615:
1603:
1602:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1550:
1538:
1537:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1514:
1513:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1468:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1398:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1378:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1262:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1007:
1001:
1000:
991:
981:
961:
952:
951:
935:
925:
919:
918:
908:
876:
870:
869:
853:
840:
834:
833:
819:
813:
812:
810:
809:
800:. Archived from
794:
788:
787:
779:
773:
772:
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
718:
712:
711:
709:
707:
688:
682:
681:
679:
678:
650:
641:
640:
638:
637:
619:
571:), a butterfly.
516:sesquiterpenoids
421:patent medicines
320:
318:Turnera pringlei
312:
304:
302:Turnera humifusa
296:
284:
276:
268:
260:
221:
192:
67:
66:
42:
28:
16:Species of shrub
1811:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1786:Flora of Mexico
1756:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1736:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1710:
1702:
1697:
1689:
1684:
1676:
1671:
1663:
1658:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1619:
1611:
1606:
1598:
1593:
1585:
1580:
1572:
1567:
1559:
1554:
1546:
1541:
1533:
1528:
1520:
1518:
1511:Turnera diffusa
1509:
1508:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1481:Turnera diffusa
1475:
1446:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1400:
1399:
1395:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1347:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1274:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1249:
1247:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1169:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1009:
1008:
1004:
963:
962:
955:
948:
927:
926:
922:
878:
877:
873:
866:
842:
841:
837:
821:
820:
816:
807:
805:
796:
795:
791:
781:
780:
776:
769:
754:
753:
749:
739:
737:
728:Turnera diffusa
720:
719:
715:
705:
703:
694:Turnera diffusa
690:
689:
685:
676:
674:
656:Turnera diffusa
652:
651:
644:
635:
633:
625:Turnera diffusa
621:
620:
616:
612:
577:
560:
491:. In total, 22
441:
395:
362:Turnera diffusa
338:Turnera diffusa
327:
290:Turnera diffusa
277:(Desv.) Griseb.
252:
251:
227:
203:
194:
190:Turnera diffusa
188:
175:
172:T. diffusa
61:
48:Turnera diffusa
32:Turnera diffusa
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1809:
1807:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1791:Flora of Texas
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:wfo-0001143048
1734:
1721:
1708:
1695:
1682:
1669:
1656:
1643:
1630:
1617:
1604:
1591:
1578:
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1539:
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1471:
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1445:
1444:External links
1442:
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439:Phytochemistry
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1188:Planta Medica
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1061:(2): 254–60,
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839:
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830:
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815:
804:on 2018-02-28
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22:
1691:tro-33100134
1480:
1459:
1430:. Retrieved
1410:
1406:
1396:
1384:. Retrieved
1380:
1368:
1356:. Retrieved
1352:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1273:. Retrieved
1269:
1260:
1248:. Retrieved
1244:
1235:
1223:. Retrieved
1219:
1210:
1191:
1187:
1177:
1158:
1152:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1015:
1011:
1005:
972:(6): 740–4,
969:
965:
931:
923:
888:
884:
874:
849:
838:
827:
817:
806:. Retrieved
802:the original
792:
783:
777:
757:
750:
738:. Retrieved
733:
727:
716:
704:. Retrieved
699:
693:
686:
675:. Retrieved
661:
655:
634:. Retrieved
624:
617:
603:
599:T. ulmifolia
598:
594:
591:T. ulmifolia
590:
584:
580:
578:
566:
562:
561:
531:
457:β-sitosterol
442:
432:
418:
396:
383:
366:
361:
360:
359:
342:aphrodisiaca
341:
337:
317:
309:
301:
294:aphrodisiaca
293:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
232:
228:
219:aphrodisiaca
218:
214:
213:
189:
187:
171:
170:
158:
138:Malpighiales
121:
108:
95:
82:
52:aphrodisiaca
51:
47:
31:
25:
1647:NatureServe
1595:iNaturalist
1505:Wikispecies
1432:7 September
1386:7 September
1358:7 September
1333:7 September
1296:HortScience
1275:7 September
1250:7 September
1225:7 September
740:12 December
706:4 September
548:pinocembrin
524:fatty acids
489:hexacosanol
461:1,8-cineole
365:, known as
297:(Ward) Urb.
222:(G.H.Ward)
102:Angiosperms
1760:Categories
1686:Plant List
808:2007-04-10
722:USDA, NRCS
677:2012-01-03
636:2011-01-29
610:References
604:T. diffusa
595:T. diffusa
581:T. diffusa
563:T. diffusa
536:anxiolytic
493:flavonoids
473:β-carotene
423:, such as
410:margaritas
406:triple sec
208:Varieties
1561:250100978
1032:0378-8741
504:phenolics
500:glucoside
429:Coca-Cola
414:Los Cabos
387:chamomile
166:Species:
72:Kingdom:
1776:Liqueurs
1730:33100134
1725:Tropicos
1652:2.152508
1626:11356763
1613:836578-1
1519:BioLib:
1490:Wikidata
1427:21030359
1270:Raintree
1144:24468305
1109:18948180
1075:16822212
1040:24468305
998:21369434
915:15864356
846:(2000).
724:(n.d.).
552:acacetin
540:apigenin
528:caffeine
506:, seven
477:β-pinene
469:α-pinene
465:apigenin
453:p-cymene
449:acacetin
241:Synonyms
144:Family:
115:Eudicots
1766:Turnera
1574:2874847
1496:Q932516
1460:Damiana
989:3040867
906:1062162
558:Ecology
532:Turnera
481:tannins
445:arbutin
402:liqueur
399:Mexican
369:, is a
367:damiana
354:liqueur
269:Griseb.
261:C.Presl
233:diffusa
201:Schult.
159:Turnera
154:Genus:
134:Order:
76:Plantae
1699:PLANTS
1665:329212
1600:170054
1548:584511
1522:210566
1454:Erowid
1425:
1165:
1142:
1107:
1073:
1038:
1030:
996:
986:
944:
913:
903:
862:
765:
526:, and
497:maltol
487:; and
485:thymol
197:Willd.
128:Rosids
1678:92073
1639:22215
1621:IRMNG
1587:40777
1535:59PV6
1423:S2CID
1377:(PDF)
1194:(4).
858:–30.
375:Texas
371:shrub
340:var.
313:Desv.
292:var.
231:var.
229:T. d.
217:var.
215:T. d.
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
83:Clade
50:var.
1712:POWO
1704:TUDI
1660:NCBI
1634:ITIS
1608:IPNI
1582:GRIN
1569:GBIF
1434:2016
1388:2016
1360:2016
1335:2016
1277:2016
1252:2016
1227:2016
1163:ISBN
1140:PMID
1105:PMID
1071:PMID
1036:PMID
1028:ISSN
994:PMID
942:ISBN
911:PMID
860:ISBN
763:ISBN
742:2015
708:2020
550:and
393:Uses
321:Rose
285:Ward
250:List
224:Urb.
1738:WFO
1556:FNA
1543:EoL
1530:CoL
1452:at
1415:doi
1304:doi
1196:doi
1132:doi
1128:152
1097:doi
1093:120
1063:doi
1020:doi
1016:152
984:PMC
974:doi
938:233
901:PMC
893:doi
408:in
199:ex
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1411:31
1409:.
1405:.
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1300:45
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992:,
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970:70
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856:24
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