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686:, which were seen by Hungarians as very dangerous to the state and nation of Hungary because the country had large ethnic German and Slavic populations. Political Turanism was a romantic nationalist movement, which accentuated the importance of the common ancestry and the cultural affinity of the Hungarians with the peoples of the Caucasus, Inner and Central Asia, like the Turks, Mongols, Parsi and the like, and called for closer collaboration and political alliance with them, as a means to secure and further shared interests, and counter the imminent threats posed by the policies of Western powers like Germany, the British Empire, France and Russia.
346:
418:, he called these languages "Turanian". Müller divided this group into two subgroups, the Southern Division and the Northern Division. In the long run, his evolutionist theory about languages' structural development, tying growing grammatical refinement to socio-economic development, and grouping languages into 'antediluvian', 'familial', 'nomadic', and 'political' developmental stages, proved unsound. Nonetheless, his terminology stuck, and the terms 'Turanian peoples' and 'Turanian languages' became parts of common parlance. Another proposed group, the Ural-Altaic languages, was later derived from Müller's Northern Division subgroup.
2389:
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1948:
Romano
Valentino, Cail Francesco, Vona Giuseppe, Demaine Andrew, Papiha Surinder, Triantaphyllides Costas, Stefanescu Gheorghe, Hatina Jiri, Belledi Michele, Di Rienzo Anna, Novelletto Andrea, Oppenheim Ariella, Norby Soren, Al-Zaheri Nadia, Santachiara-Benerecetti Silvana, Scozzari Rosaria, Torroni Antonio, & Bandelt Hans Jurgen. (2000). Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool. American Journal of Human Genetics, 67, p. 1251–1276.
700:(1920), the new Hungarian state constituted only 32.7% of the territory of historic, pre-treaty Hungary, and it lost 58.4% of its total population. More than 3.2 million ethnic Hungarians (one-third of all Hungarians) resided outside the new boundaries of Hungary in the successor states under oppressive conditions. Old Hungarian cities of great cultural importance like Pozsony (a former capital of the country), Kassa, and Kolozsvár (present-day
572:. Castrén conducted more than seven years of fieldwork in western and southern Siberia between 1841 and 1849. His extensive field materials focus on Ob-Ugric, Samoyedic, Ketic, and Turkic languages. He collected valuable ethnographic information, especially on shamanism. Based on his research, he claimed that the Finnic, Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic languages were all of the same 'Altaic family'. He concluded that the
124:
25:
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Chairman of the
Supreme Soviet of the Tatar ASSR and professor of philology who has published hundreds of scientific works, argues that proto-Turkish is the starting point of the Indo-European languages. Zakiev and his colleagues claim to have discovered the Tatar roots of the Sumerian, ancient Greek and Icelandic languages and deciphered Etruscan and Minoan writings.
399:
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the
Ottoman Turks with the other Turks in the world. These objects were first pursued in the cultural sphere by a private group of 'Intellectuals', and promoted by peaceful propaganda. After 1913, they took on a political form and were incorporated in the programme of the C.U.P.", but Ottoman defeat in World War I briefly undermined the notion of Turanism.
66:
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regain its well deserved position among the nations. A more radical group of conservative, rightist people, sometimes even with an anti-Semitic hint propagated sharply anti-Western views and the superiority of
Eastern culture, the necessity of a pro-Eastern policy, and development of the awareness of Turanic
912:
may have possible genetic and linguistic connection with the Turkic and other nomadic tribes in Asia. They have pointed to Native
American culture, dance, and customs as being similar to those found in Siberia and Northeast Asia, although since changed after the migration of the Native Americans from
861:
The
Turkish version of Turanism was summed up by American politicians at the time of First World War as follows: "It has been shown above that the Turkish version of Turanism contains two general ideas: (a) To purify and strengthen the Turkish nationality within the Ottoman Empire, and (b) to link up
472:
Right across northern Europe and Asia, from the Baltic to the
Pacific and from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Ocean, there stretches a vast band of peoples to whom ethnologists have assigned the name of "Uralo-Altaic race", but who are more generally termed "Turanians". This group embraces the most
757:
After World War II, the Soviet Red Army occupied
Hungary. The Hungarian government was placed under the direct control of the administration of the occupying forces. All Turanist organisations were disbanded by the government, and the majority of Turanist publications was banned and confiscated. In
712:
respectively) were lost. Under these circumstances, no
Hungarian government could survive without seeking justice for both the Magyars and Hungary. Reuniting the Magyars became a crucial point in public life and on the political agenda. Outrage led many to reject Europe and turn towards the East in
618:
Two hundred years ago few would have believed that the Slavic tribe would attain the prominent (and constantly growing) position it enjoys nowadays in the history of culture. What if one day the
Finnish tribe, which occupies a territory almost as vast, were to play a greater role on the world scene
899:
In the wake of the Turkish-assisted victory by Azerbaijan in its war with Armenia in 2020, "a certain 'Turan' (greater Turkic world) euphoria took hold on social media," Tanchum, a senior fellow at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy and a non-resident fellow at the Middle East
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Turanism was never embraced officially because it was not in accord with the Christian conservative ideological background of the regime, but it was used by the government as an informal tool to break the country's international isolation, and build alliances. Hungary signed treaties of friendship
1947:
Richards Martin, Macaulay Vincent, Hickey Eileen, Vega Emilce, Sykes Bryan, Guida Valentina, Rengo Chiara, Sellitto Daniele, Cruciani Fulvio, Kivisild Toomas, Villerns Richard, Thomas Mark, Rychkov Serge, Rychkov Oksana, Rychkov Yuri, Golge Mukaddes, Dimitrov Dimitar, Hill Emmeline, Bradley Dan,
605:
Castrén was of the opinion that Russia was seeking systematically to prevent all development towards freer conditions in Finland, and concluded from this that the Finns must begin to prepare a revolt against Russia. According to him, it was to be linked with a favourable international crisis and
1835:
According to Adzhi, Huns, Alans, Goths, Burgundians, Saxons, Alemans, Angles, Langobards and many of the Russians were ethnic Turks (p. 161). The list of non-Turks is relatively short and seems to comprise only Jews, Chinese, Armenians, Greeks, Persians, and Scandinavians... Mirfatykh Zakiev, a
717:
Disappointment towards Europe caused by 'the betrayal of the West in Trianon', and the pessimistic feeling of loneliness, led different strata in society towards Turanism. They tried to look for friends, kindred peoples and allies in the East so that Hungary could break out of its isolation and
600:
I am determined to show the Finnish nation that we are not a solitary people from the bog, living in isolation from the world and from universal history, but are in fact related to at least one-sixth of mankind. Writing grammars is not my main goal, but without the grammars that goal cannot be
425:
is used for Indo-European, Turanian is used chiefly as a linguistic term, synonymous with Ural-Altaic. However, the Ural-Altaic theory has been scientifically disproven. Concepts of areal linguistics and typology even if in a genetic sense of these terms might be considered as obsolete.
545:. Diverse though they are in culture, tradition, and even physical appearance, these peoples nevertheless possess certain well-marked traits in common. Their languages are all similar, and, what is of even more import, their physical and mental make-up displays undoubted affinities.
375:, Kalmyk and Mongolian), the family of Finnic languages (Finnish, Saami, Hungarian, Estonian, Liv and Samoyed). Although his theory and grouping were far from perfect, it had a tremendous effect on the development of linguistic research, especially in German speaking countries.
367:, written in 1710, he originates every human language from one common ancestor language. Over time, this ancestor language split into two families: the Japhetic and the Aramaic. The Japhetic family split even further, into Scythian and Celtic branches. The members of the
1804:
Thus, ethnic groups or populations of the past (Huns, Scythians, Sakas, Cimmerians, Parthians, Hittites, Avars and others) who have disappeared long ago, as well as non-Turkic ethnic groups living in present-day Turkey, have come to be labeled Turkish, Proto-Turkish or
1537:"While Turanism was and remained little more than a fringe ideology of the Right, the second orientation of the national socialists, pan-Europaism, had a number of adherents, and was adopted as the platform of several national socialist groups." JANOS, Andrew C.:
642:) was a Romantic nationalist cultural and political movement which was most active from the second half of the 19th century through the first half of the 20th century. It was based on the age old and still living national tradition about the Asian origins of the
619:
than one could expect nowadays? Today people speak of Pan-Slavism; one day they may talk of Pan-Fennicism, or Pan-Suomism. Within such a Pan-Finnic community, the Finnish nation should hold the leading position because of its cultural seniority .
853:
ethnic identity, and was devoted to protecting the Turkic peoples living under foreign rule (most of them under Russian rule as a result of Russia's enormous territorial expansion during the 16th and 19th centuries), and to restoring the
678:. As a scientific movement, Turanism was concerned with the research about Asia and its culture in the context of Hungarian history and culture. Political Turanism was born in the 19th century, in response to the growing influence of
606:
would be realised as a general revolt against Russian rule, in which the non-Russian peoples from the Turks and Tatars to the Finns would take part. This political vision of his was shared by some other intellectuals. Fennomans like
838:(Turkestan). Russia and Britain systematically fanned the rivalling nationalisms of the multi-ethnic empire for their own ends, and this led to the strengthening of Turkish nationalism as a result. The nationalist movement of the
758:
1948, Hungary was converted into a communist one-party state. Turanism was portrayed and vilified as an exclusively fascist ideology although Turanism's role in the interwar development of far-right ideologies was negligible.
1921:
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and major civilizations in history as being of Turkic or Turanian origin. In such countries, Turanism has served as a form of national therapy, helping its proponents cope with the failures of the past.
1914:
Paksoy, H.B. (1991). ‘Basmachi’: TurkestanNational Liberation Movement 1916-1930s. In Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union (Vol 4). Florida: Academic International Press.
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origins and therefore close cultural, ethnic, and linguistic bonds. Supporters of Turanism propose political unity among these groups, chiefly to oppose the cultural and political influences of the
1608:. Series: Special Reports and Studies, 1917 – 1918. Series: Special Reports and Studies, 1917 – 1918 Record Group 256: Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914 – 1931. p. 7.
967:. Though the underlying scientific theories are widely questioned or rejected in contemporary scholarship, Turanism still has extensive support in certain Turkic-speaking countries. Referred to as
810:, and for his essays concerning Ottoman politics. The Ottoman Empire fell into ever deepening decline during the 19th century. There were reform and modernization attempts as early as the 1830s (
1550:
Paksoy, H.B., ‘Basmachi’: Turkestan National Liberation Movement 1916-1930s – Modern Encyclopedia of Religions in Russia and the Soviet Union, Florida: Academic International Press, 1991, Vol. 4
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and others) of the Hungarian Turanian Society belonged to the frontline of the scientific life of the era. According to the Turanian or Ural-Altaic kinship theories, "Turanians" include
386:
in Central Asia. The term was widely used in scientific literature from the 18th century onwards to denote Central Asia. European scholars borrowed the term from the historical works of
5748:
693:(Hungarian Turan Society, also called Hungarian Asiatic Society). The Turan society concentrated on Turan as geographic location where the ancestors of Hungarians might have lived.
596:, and so on. Based on his research, he championed the ideology of Turanism, the belief in the ethnic unity and the future greatness of the Ural-Altaic peoples. As Castrén put it:
814:), but the country was lowered to an almost semi-colonial state at the turn of the century (the state accumulated an enormous amount of debt and state finances were placed under
460:
opined that Turanism is for Turkic peoples only, as other Turanian peoples (Finns, Hungarians, Mongolians and so on) are too different culturally. In contrast, his contemporary
770:. The fact that many Ottoman Turkish officials were becoming aware of their sense of "Turkishness" is beyond doubt of course, and the role of subsequent nationalists, such as
371:
family were: the Greek language, the family of Sarmato-Slavic languages (Russian, Polish, Czech, Dalmatian, Bulgar, Slovene, Avar), the family of Turkic languages (Turkish,
2021:& Scharlau, Winfried (1965), The merchant of revolution. The life of Alexander Israel Helphand (Parvus). London: Oxford University Press. See especially pages 125–144.
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363:; in his opinion there was no better method for specifying the relationship and origin of the various peoples of the Earth, than the comparison of their languages. In his
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These are traditional areas of settlement; the Turkic group has been living in the listed country/region for centuries and should not be confused with modern diasporas.
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Turanism has been characterized by pseudoscientific theories. According to other opinions the scientific work of the scholar members (like Jenő Cholnoky, Lajos Ligeti,
1745:
FAJCSÁK Györgyi: Keleti Művészeti Kiállítás. Keleti magángyűjtemények, kínai tárgyak a két világháború között Budapesten. In: Tanulmányok Budapest Múltjából. 34. 2009.
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Although Turanism is a political movement for the union of all Ural-Altaic peoples, there are different opinions about the movement's inclusivity. The early Turanist
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1940. évi I. törvénycikk a Budapesten, 1938. évi november hó 15. napján kelt magyar-japán barátsági és szellemi együttműködési egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
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1941. évi XVI. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Szófiában az 1941. évi február hó 18. napján kelt magyar-bolgár egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
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SOMMER, Łukasz: Historical Linguistics Applied: Finno-Ugric Narratives in Finland and Estonia. in: The Hungarian Historical Review. Vol. 3. Issue 2. 2014.
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1938. évi XXIII. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Budapesten, 1937. évi október hó 13. napján kelt magyar-észt egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
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1938. évi XXIX. törvénycikk a szellemi együttműködés tárgyában Budapesten, 1937. évi október hó 22. napján kelt magyar-finn egyezmény becikkelyezéséről.
689:
The idea of a Hungarian Oriental Institute originated with Jenő Zichy. This idea did not come true. Instead, a kind of lyceum was formed in 1910, called
414:, the German Orientalist and philologist, published and proposed a new grouping of the non-Aryan and non-Semitic Asian languages in 1855. In his work
1442:
1924. évi XVI. törvénycikk a Török Köztársasággal Konstantinápolyban 1923. évi december hó 18. napján kötött barátsági szerződés becikkelyezéséről.
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337:(e.g. the idea of a "Turanian brotherhood and collaboration" was borrowed from the pan-Slavic concept of "Slavic brotherhood and collaboration").
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GORECZKY Tamás: Egy görög-török konfliktus története a 19. századból – az 1896-97-es krétai válság az osztrák-magyar diplomáciai iratok tükrében
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Iranian term applied to region lying to the northeast of Iran and ultimately indicating very vaguely the country of the Turkic peoples.
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658:) as early as the 13th century. This tradition served as the starting point for the scientific research about the ethnogenesis of the
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1960:(1917). Report on the Pan-Turanian Movement. London: Intelligence Bureau Department of Information, Admiralty, L/MIL/17/16/23.
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Poulton, H. (1997). Top Hat, Grey Wolf, and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic. London, England: Hurst.
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PORTIK Erzsébet-Edit: Erdélyi magyar kisebbségi sorskérdések a két világháború között. In: Iskolakultúra 2012/9. p. 60-66.
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The languages of the seat of war in the East. With a survey of the three families of language, Semitic, Arian and Turanian.
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as an advisor and agent. He was paid well for his accounts about his meetings with members of the Ottoman elite and Sultan
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1255:[Turanism – (H. Nihal ATSIZ) – The Great Turkist Nihal ATSIZ Post – Turkism – Turanism and Hüseyin Nihal Atsız].
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search of new friends and allies in a bid to revise the unjust terms of the treaty and restore the integrity of Hungary.
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is fully established historically. As the Turkish historian Hasan Bülent Paksoy put it, an aspiration emerged that the
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Traditional history cites its early origins amongst Ottoman officers and intelligentsia studying and residing in 1870s
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Map of Eurasia showing the "Altaic" and Uralic language-speaking regions, which are united under the "Turanian" theory.
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PAASVIRTA, Juhani: Finland and Europe: The Period of Autonomy and the International Crises, 1808–1914 1981. p. 68.
437:) and far from being a small isolated people, they were part of a larger polity that included such peoples as the
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are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of
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A brief summary of the thoughts on the origins of the nations drawn mainly from the information of languages
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M. Antoinette Czaplicka, The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day, Elibron, 2010, p. 19.
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MÜLLER, Friedrich Max: Letter to Chevalier Bunsen on the classification of the Turanian languages. 1854.
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that states a Knowledge (XXG) editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic.
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The languages of Asia and Europe arranged according to their grammatical principles in Max Müller's
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BROWN, Keith and OGILVIE, Sarah eds.:Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. 2009. p. 722.
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aimed for a secularized nation-state, and constitutional government in a parliamentary democracy.
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in Central Asia, to help their struggle against the Soviets. The most prominent amongst them was
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Lewis, B. (1998). The Multiple identities of the Middle East. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.
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The concept of a Ural-Altaic ethnic and language family goes back to the linguistic theories of
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1084:[The Turkish connections of Hungarian Turanism] (in Hungarian). www.valosagonline.hu
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The movement received impetus after Hungary's defeat in World War I. Under the terms of the
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2015:(1960). Pan-Turkism and Islam in Russia. Cambridge-Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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Richards, G. (1997). ‘Race’, Racism and Psychology: Towards a Reflexive History. Routledge.
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Brevis designatio meditationum de originibus gentium ductis potissimum ex indicio linguarum
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Brevis designatio meditationum de originibus gentium ductis potissimum ex indicio linguarum
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2018:
1915:
917:
to the Americas; examples of Native American peoples whose customs are cited include the
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2005:
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CSIRKÉS Ferenc: Nemzeti tudomány és nemzetközi politika Vámbéry Ármin munkásságában.
1320:
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1888:
Lewis, B. (1962). The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Oxford University Press.
1698:
Great Expectations and Interwar Realities: Hungarian Cultural Diplomacy, 1918–1941
1407:
http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00011/00168/pdf/EPA00011_Iskolakultura_2012-9_060-066.pdf
396:
was published in 1729 and quickly became an oft-used source for European scholars.
3637:
3380:
Organization of the Eurasian Law Enforcement Agencies with Military Status (TAKM)
1885:
Landau, J.M. (1995). Pan-Turkism: From Irredentism to Cooperation. London: Hurst.
1869:
Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran.
1818:
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The Hemshin: History, Society and Identity in the Highlands of Northeast Turkey
1210:
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shared this or an even bolder vision of coming greatness. As Topelius put it:
585:
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314:
298:
1989:
1592:
Caravans to Oblivion: The Armenian Genocide, 1915 (Hardcover) by G. S. Graber
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1931:
1820:
History as Therapy: Alternative History and Nationalist Imaginings in Russia
1789:
1602:
President (1913–1921 : Wilson). The Inquiry. 1917-12/1918 (1917–1918).
952:
918:
787:
671:
322:
266:
3407:
3291:
2868:
1954:
Searle-White, J. (2001). The Psychology of Nationalism. Palgrave Macmillan.
1603:
1370:
1358:
1128:
Houtsma, M. Th.; Arnold, T.W.; Basset, R.; Hartmann, R., eds. (1913–1936).
705:
382:" is of Iranian origin and is believed to have referred to a prehistorical
1241:
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/98799/Matthias-Alexander-Castren
405:
Letter to Chevalier Bunsen on the classification of the Turanian languages
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482:
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368:
1430:
FARKAS Ildikó: A Magyar-Nippon Társaság. In: Japanológiai körkép. 2007.
429:
Turanism originated in the work of the Finnish nationalist and linguist
6255:
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819:
735:
502:
498:
494:
372:
310:
270:
1981:
1654:"Turkey's 'Turkic world' ambitions face reality check in Kazakhstan"
1393:
VINCZE Zoltán: Létay Balázs, a magyar asszirológia legszebb reménye
1296:
6275:
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1935:
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Records of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace, 1914 – 1931
960:
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379:
237:
1747:
http://epa.oszk.hu/02100/02120/00034/pdf/ORSZ_BPTM_TBM_34_185.pdf
1146:
an Iranian term applied to the country to the north-east of Iran.
865:
After World War I, Turkish nationalists and Turanists joined the
790:". During the late 19th century, the works of renowned Hungarian
564:
Turanism has its roots in the Finnish nationalist Fennophile and
3379:
3155:
1875:"Pan-Turanianism Takes Aim at Azerbaijan: A Geopolitical Agenda"
4471:
3411:
2043:
1432:
http://real.mtak.hu/34745/1/Farkas_Magyar_Nippon_Tarsasag_u.pdf
646:. This tradition was preserved in medieval chronicles (such as
117:
59:
18:
1338:
http://hunghist.org/images/volumes/Volume3_Issue_2/Lukasz.pdf
441:, Turks, and Mongols. It implies not only the unity of all
77:
personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay
1927:
884:(MHP), whose youth movement is informally known as the
568:, and in the works of Finnish nationalist and linguist
83:
3365:
International Organization of Turkic Culture (TÜRKSOY)
1951:
Said, E. (1979). Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books.
1419:
China and Christianity. Burdened Past, Hopeful Future.
325:. The movement emerged in the 19th century to counter
1916:
ESSAYS ON CENTRAL ASIA by H.B. PAKSOY | CARRIE Books
1727:"The Flowering of Pseudo-Science In Orbán's Hungary"
6284:
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2396:
2345:
2085:
1199:
https://archive.org/details/languagesseatwa00mlgoog
778:might "form a political entity stretching from the
148:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1571:ERICKSON, Edward J.: Ottomans and Armenians. 2013.
1159:
1520:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8169
1501:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8115
1482:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8084
1463:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=8078
1444:http://www.1000ev.hu/index.php?a=3¶m=7599
277:. It revolves around the abandoned proposal of a
1582:http://real.mtak.hu/19319/1/17-GoretzkyTamas.pdf
1332:
1330:
715:
616:
598:
1383:http://mek.oszk.hu/00300/00355/html/index.html
4483:
3423:
2055:
1395:http://www.muvelodes.ro/index.php/Cikk?id=155
273:connections between various ethnic groups of
8:
3398:State with limited international recognition
1855:"Turanism: An Aspect of Turkish Nationalism"
1211:https://archive.org/details/cu31924087972182
849:, embraced Turanism, and a glorification of
845:The political party of the Young Turks, the
416:The Languages of the Seat of War in the East
1817:Sheiko, Konstantin; Brown, Stephen (2014).
1618:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
830:empires were antagonists in the so-called "
662:, which began in the 18th century, both in
390:; the annotated English translation of his
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
6341:: Forms of nationalism based primarily on
5985:Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)
5497:
5402:
5306:
5136:
4754:
4650:
4518:
4511:
4490:
4476:
4468:
3430:
3416:
3408:
3035:
2813:
2342:
2062:
2048:
2040:
876:Turanism forms an important aspect of the
802:and Turanism. Vámbéry was employed by the
1269:Türkçülüğün Esasları pg.25 (Gökalp, Ziya)
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
208:Learn how and when to remove this message
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
16:Pseudoscientific pan-nationalist movement
1371:http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02249/02249.htm
1359:http://mek.oszk.hu/02200/02245/02245.htm
1075:
1073:
1071:
398:
344:
4098:Ethiopian national identity nationalism
1690:
1688:
1539:The Politics of Backwardness in Hungary
1417:UHALLEY, Stephen and WU, Xiaoxin eds.:
1082:"A magyar turanizmus török kapcsolatai"
1067:
834:" to cultivate influence in Persia and
5945:Galician independence movement (Spain)
4093:Eritrean national identity nationalism
1761:Word formation in the Turkic languages
1611:
1561:http://www.matud.iif.hu/2013/08/07.htm
464:gave the following description during
5995:Patani United Liberation Organisation
5965:Inner Mongolian independence movement
3645:Ecuadorian-Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
1970:The American Political Science Review
1369:Kézai Simon mester Magyar krónikája.
892:) was the main symbol of the ancient
7:
5990:National Liberation Front of Corsica
5915:East Turkestan independence movement
4019:Federalisation of the European Union
1197:Williams and Norgate, London, 1855.
146:adding citations to reliable sources
1103:Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1710).
873:, the former Ottoman war minister.
1239:EB on Matthias Alexander Castrén.
14:
4056:Unification of Albania and Kosovo
1703:Central European University Press
1285:American Political Science Review
908:Some Pan-Turanists proposed that
34:This article has multiple issues.
2387:
2071:
1823:. ibidem Press. pp. 61–62.
798:contributed to the spreading of
261:political movement built around
122:
64:
23:
6096:Basque Country (greater region)
5955:Guangdong Independence Movement
3589:Netherlands-Indonesian unionism
3370:Parliamentary Assembly (TURKPA)
1638:. Vol. 11. New York City:
900:Institute in Washington, said.
847:Committee of Union and Progress
133:needs additional citations for
42:or discuss these issues on the
5900:Assyrian independence movement
3708:Union of Arab Republics (1972)
3579:League of East European States
1142:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_COM_0206
333:, and built upon the ideas of
281:, which hypothesizes that the
1:
6035:Vojvodina Autonomist Movement
6030:Tibetan independence movement
5960:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
5920:Faroese independence movement
5905:Catalan independence movement
3928:Anglo-American unificationism
3360:Organization of Turkic States
1964:Stoddard, T. Lothrop (1917).
1934:, retrieved: March 17, 2021 (
1932:Institute of European History
1928:EGO – European History Online
1279:Stoddard, T. Lothrop (1917).
991:Division of the Mongol Empire
888:. Grey Wolf (the mother wolf
858:'s shattered national pride.
6116:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
6025:Taiwan independence movement
6000:Ryukyu independence movement
5910:Champa independence movement
5890:Alsace independence movement
3812:Polish-Czechoslovak unionism
3686:Federation of Arab Republics
3545:Israeli-Palestinian unionism
1679:"Turks and American Indians"
1357:Anonymus: Gesta Hungarorum.
652:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum
5980:Mapuche separatist movement
3868:Rhodesia-Nyasaland unionism
3703:Jordania-Palestine unionism
3530:Hungarian-Romanian unionism
3473:Bulgarian-Romanian unionism
1853:Arnakis, George G. (1960).
971:, these scholars stamp all
734:and collaboration with the
279:Ural-Altaic language family
6442:
6396:Far-right politics in Asia
6015:Silesian Autonomy Movement
5895:Assam separatist movements
5050:Northern & Middle Asia
3650:Peruvian-Bolivian unionism
3599:Romanian-moldovan unionism
3525:Greek-Yugoslavian unionism
1381:Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon.
1166:. Brill Academic. p.
1158:van Donzel, Emeri (1994).
936:
882:Nationalist Movement Party
627:
570:Matthias Alexander Castrén
473:widely scattered folk—the
431:Matthias Alexander Castrén
6332:
6020:Székely autonomy movement
5500:
5405:
5309:
3540:Indian-Pakistani Unionism
3508:Fertile Crescent unionism
3498:Estonian-Finnish unionism
3458:Afghan-Pakistani unionism
3393:
2385:
1896:Macdonell, Arthur Anthony
1766:Columbia University Press
1541:, 1825–1945. 1982. p.275.
1259:(in Turkish). 8 May 2016.
933:Pseudoscientific theories
361:Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
5950:Greenlandic independence
4371:Senegambia Confederation
4356:Polynesian confederation
3760:Pan-European nationalism
3439:Pan-nationalist concepts
2975:Timeline of the Göktürks
1758:Frankle, Elanor (1948).
352:'s northern division of
4289:United States of Poland
4014:East African Federation
3935:Antillean Confederation
3873:Soviet reunificationism
3609:Union of African States
1920:Pekesen, Berna (2019),
1907:Encyclopædia Britannica
1901:"Pan-Turanianism"
1193:MÜLLER, Friedrich Max.
1080:Farkas, Ildikó (2013).
945:Zoltán Felvinczi Takács
722:among Hungarian people.
341:Origins and definitions
6426:Anti-Chinese sentiment
6391:Anti-Russian sentiment
5975:Māori protest movement
4326:Misak-ı Millî (Turkey)
4034:West Indies Federation
4002:Danubian Confederation
3535:Gran Colombia unionism
2689:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1640:New York Times Company
1162:Islamic Reference Desk
1134:Encyclopaedia of Islam
1026:Racism-Turanism trials
880:of the modern Turkish
816:direct foreign control
804:British Foreign office
728:Magyar-Nippon Társaság
724:
639:
621:
603:
547:
408:
356:
243:
86:by rewriting it in an
6416:Mongolian nationalism
6381:Hungarian nationalism
6005:Scottish independence
5970:Kashubian Association
5692:Indigenous Australian
3878:Switzerland expansion
3822:Saint Martin unionism
3698:Arab Islamic Republic
3513:Gaucho traditionalism
3186:Proto-Turkic language
2817:Extinct Turkic groups
937:Further information:
537:and even the distant
470:
402:
348:
241:
6421:Japanese nationalism
6401:Separatism in Russia
6211:Marathi Abhimaangeet
6010:Siberian regionalism
4341:Padanian nationalism
4321:Megali Idea (Greece)
4296:North American Union
4041:Franco-British Union
3713:Iraq-Kuwait unionism
3679:United Arab Republic
3385:World Turks Qurultai
1695:Nagy, Zsolt (2017).
1642:. 1920. p. 335.
1062:References and notes
822:). At the time, the
726:On 1 June 1924, the
634:Hungarian Turanism (
412:Friedrich Max Müller
388:Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur
142:improve this article
6411:Turkish nationalism
6376:Finnish nationalism
6302:American Indigenous
5935:Free Papua Movement
5345:Balkar and Karachay
5140:Southeastern Europe
4671:Indigenous Canadian
4366:Sahel Confederation
4175:Greater Netherlands
3975:Imperial Federation
3691:Libyan-Syrian Union
3483:Central-americanism
3478:Canada-USA unionism
3126:Karachay-Cherkessia
2013:Zenkovsky, Serge A.
1257:www.nihal-atsiz.com
1031:Sun Language Theory
969:Pseudo-Turkologists
800:Turkish nationalism
744:Republic of Finland
740:Republic of Estonia
668:Sándor Kőrösi Csoma
407:, published in 1854
329:ideologies such as
6347:ethnic nationalism
6050:Welsh independence
5930:Free Aceh Movement
5162:in North Macedonia
5004:South-eastern Asia
4499:Ethnic nationalism
4267:Greater Yugoslavia
4242:Greater Tamil Nadu
4150:Greater Mauritania
4068:Greater Bangladesh
4029:Caribbean Antilles
3918:African federation
3888:Hungarian Turanism
3674:United Arab States
3669:Hashemite unionism
3567:Hispanoamericanism
3317:Traditional sports
3121:Kabardino-Balkaria
2741:Meskhetia (Ahiska)
1732:Hungarian Spectrum
1525:2016-03-04 at the
1506:2016-03-04 at the
1487:2016-03-04 at the
1468:2016-03-04 at the
1449:2017-03-26 at the
1136:(First ed.).
1056:Uralic neopaganism
750:in 1938, and with
742:in 1937, with the
738:in 1923, with the
736:Republic of Turkey
630:Hungarian Turanism
451:Turanian languages
409:
357:
354:Turanian languages
244:
88:encyclopedic style
75:is written like a
6358:
6357:
6101:Catalan Countries
5705:
5704:
5670:
5669:
5625:
5624:
5489:
5488:
5394:
5393:
5128:
5127:
4746:
4745:
4642:
4641:
4465:
4464:
4185:Greater Palestine
4125:Greater Indonesia
4109:Galicia irredenta
4063:Greater Argentina
3987:Catalan Countries
3982:Cascadia movement
3955:Balkan Federation
3755:European unionism
3621:Sahel-Benin Union
3550:Latinoamericanism
3405:
3404:
3181:Old Turkic script
3169:
3168:
2980:Timeline 500–1300
2897:
2896:
2383:
2382:
2242:Kipchak languages
2197:Karamanli Turkish
1735:. 13 August 2018.
867:Basmachi movement
698:Treaty of Trianon
566:Fennoman movement
531:aboriginal tribes
317:, as well as the
236:
235:
228:
218:
217:
210:
192:
116:
115:
108:
57:
6433:
6406:Racism in Turkey
6386:Cultural history
6351:
6236:Republika Srpska
6045:Walloon Movement
5925:Flemish Movement
5498:
5403:
5307:
5137:
4755:
4651:
4519:
4512:
4492:
4485:
4478:
4469:
4452:Hispanic peoples
4418:Whole Azerbaijan
4408:United Macedonia
4203:
4195:Greater Portugal
4078:Greater Bulgaria
4024:Greater Cambodia
4010:
3970:British unionism
3854:
3817:Reintegrationism
3797:Mediterraneanism
3730:Pan-Caucasianism
3658:
3641:
3575:
3558:
3521:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3409:
3227:Tibetan Buddhism
3207:Turkic mythology
3088:Autonomous areas
3040:Sovereign states
3036:
2814:
2796:
2771:
2668:
2645:
2607:
2558:
2523:
2484:Crimean Karaites
2458:
2435:
2391:
2343:
2222:Khorasani Turkic
2076:
2075:
2074:
2064:
2057:
2050:
2041:
2009:
1911:
1910:(12th ed.).
1903:
1882:
1866:
1839:
1838:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1780:Simonian, Hovann
1776:
1770:
1769:
1755:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1692:
1683:
1682:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1617:
1609:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1535:
1529:
1516:
1510:
1497:
1491:
1478:
1472:
1459:
1453:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1325:
1324:
1276:
1270:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1249:
1243:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1165:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1077:
1051:Turkic migration
939:Pseudo-Turkology
910:Native Americans
768:Imperial Germany
660:Hungarian people
656:Chronicon Pictum
648:Gesta Hungarorum
612:Zachris Topelius
527:Baltic provinces
462:Lothrop Stoddard
263:pseudoscientific
249:, also known as
231:
224:
213:
206:
202:
199:
193:
191:
150:
126:
118:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
68:
67:
60:
49:
27:
26:
19:
6441:
6440:
6436:
6435:
6434:
6432:
6431:
6430:
6361:
6360:
6359:
6354:
6336:
6328:
6280:
6216:Northern Epirus
6186:Ketuanan Melayu
6054:
5940:Future of Åland
5878:
5814:Native American
5711:Pan-nationalism
5701:
5666:
5630:Northern Europe
5621:
5555:
5514:
5494:Southern Europe
5485:
5444:
5390:
5369:
5333:
5298:
5225:
5124:
5093:
5045:
4999:
4914:
4841:
4742:
4711:
4690:
4681:Native American
4638:
4627:Southern Africa
4622:
4601:
4565:
4507:
4501:
4496:
4466:
4461:
4457:Habesha peoples
4440:
4432:
4257:Greater Vietnam
4252:Greater Ukraine
4227:Greater Somalia
4207:Greater Romania
4197:
4165:Greater Morocco
4160:Greater Moldova
4115:Greater Hungary
4103:Greater Finland
4088:Greater Croatia
4051:Greater Albania
4004:
3905:
3899:
3844:
3807:Pan-Oceanianism
3750:Pan-Europeanism
3652:
3635:
3628:Pan-Americanism
3614:Mali Federation
3569:
3552:
3515:
3488:Czechoslovakism
3441:
3436:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3389:
3348:
3312:
3195:
3165:
3082:
3063:Northern Cyprus
3027:
3013:Altai Mountains
2948:
2893:
2812:
2792:
2737:North Macedonia
2679:
2660:
2617:
2603:
2599:Siberian Tatars
2554:
2539:Khorasani Turks
2519:
2446:
2415:
2392:
2379:
2341:
2262:Ottoman Turkish
2182:Karachay-Balkar
2081:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2038:
1982:10.2307/1944138
1963:
1894:
1873:Farrok, Kaveh.
1872:
1852:
1848:
1846:Further reading
1843:
1842:
1831:
1816:
1815:
1811:
1800:
1792:. p. 354.
1778:
1777:
1773:
1757:
1756:
1752:
1744:
1740:
1725:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1681:. 25 June 2008.
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1635:Current History
1632:
1631:
1627:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1536:
1532:
1527:Wayback Machine
1517:
1513:
1508:Wayback Machine
1498:
1494:
1489:Wayback Machine
1479:
1475:
1470:Wayback Machine
1460:
1456:
1451:Wayback Machine
1441:
1437:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1412:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1328:
1297:10.2307/1944138
1278:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1157:
1156:
1152:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1069:
1064:
1006:Greater Finland
986:Altaic language
982:
973:Eurasian nomads
941:
935:
921:as well as the
906:
780:Altai Mountains
764:
691:Turáni Társaság
632:
626:
582:Altai Mountains
562:
557:
552:
435:Altai Mountains
343:
327:pan-nationalist
259:pan-nationalist
255:pan-Turanianism
232:
221:
220:
219:
214:
203:
197:
194:
151:
149:
139:
127:
112:
101:
95:
92:
84:help improve it
81:
69:
65:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6439:
6437:
6429:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6363:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6333:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6171:Karakalpakstan
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6151:East Turkestan
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6062:
6060:
6056:
6055:
6053:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5982:
5977:
5972:
5967:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5902:
5897:
5892:
5886:
5884:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5715:
5713:
5707:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5678:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5644:
5639:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5626:
5623:
5622:
5620:
5619:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5563:
5561:
5557:
5556:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5495:
5491:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5468:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5449:United Kingdom
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5406:
5400:
5399:Western Europe
5396:
5395:
5392:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5338:North Caucasus
5335:
5334:
5332:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5303:Eastern Europe
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5291:
5286:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5230:Central Europe
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5211:Romani (Gypsy)
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5181:
5176:
5171:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5143:
5141:
5134:
5130:
5129:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5101:
5099:
5098:South Caucasus
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5069:
5067:South Mongolia
5059:
5053:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5044:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5007:
5005:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4990:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4939:
4938:
4928:
4922:
4920:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4871:
4870:
4860:
4855:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4761:
4759:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4648:
4644:
4643:
4640:
4639:
4637:
4636:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4615:
4609:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4552:
4551:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4525:
4523:
4516:
4509:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4487:
4480:
4472:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4442:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4403:United Ireland
4400:
4398:United Armenia
4395:
4394:
4393:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4281:
4276:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4222:Greater Serbia
4219:
4214:
4212:Greater Russia
4209:
4204:
4192:
4190:Greater Poland
4187:
4182:
4180:Greater Norway
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4155:Greater Mexico
4152:
4147:
4142:
4140:Greater Israel
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4073:Greater Bosnia
4070:
4065:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3967:
3965:Basque Country
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3930:
3920:
3915:
3909:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3898:
3897:
3892:
3891:
3890:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3683:
3682:
3681:
3671:
3661:
3660:
3659:
3647:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3617:
3616:
3604:Pan-Africanism
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3584:Neo-Ottomanism
3581:
3576:
3564:
3562:Hellenoturkism
3559:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3463:Austro-Slavism
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3427:
3420:
3412:
3403:
3402:
3394:
3391:
3390:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3375:Turkic Academy
3372:
3367:
3362:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3272:Khalwati order
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:Bektashi Order
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3166:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3131:Karakalpakstan
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Altai Republic
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3044:
3042:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2997:Nomadic empire
2994:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2820:
2818:
2811:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2765:Western Thrace
2671:
2670:
2669:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Crimean Tatars
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2349:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:Siberian Tatar
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2091:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2052:
2044:
2037:
2036:
2034:978-0192111623
2016:
2010:
1966:"Pan-Turanism"
1961:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1918:
1912:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1870:
1867:
1859:Balkan Studies
1849:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1830:978-3838265650
1829:
1809:
1799:978-0230297326
1798:
1771:
1750:
1738:
1718:
1712:978-9633861943
1711:
1705:. p. 98.
1684:
1670:
1645:
1625:
1594:
1585:
1573:
1564:
1552:
1543:
1530:
1511:
1492:
1473:
1454:
1435:
1423:
1410:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1350:
1341:
1326:
1281:"Pan-Turanism"
1271:
1262:
1244:
1232:
1223:
1214:
1202:
1186:
1176:
1150:
1120:
1095:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1011:Great Kurultáj
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
981:
978:
934:
931:
905:
902:
894:Turkic peoples
856:Ottoman Empire
808:Abdul Hamid II
776:Turkic peoples
763:
760:
746:in 1937, with
674:, amongst the
628:Main article:
625:
622:
576:originated in
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
479:Constantinople
443:Turkic peoples
421:Like the term
393:Shajare-i Türk
342:
339:
307:Indo-Europeans
297:peoples share
234:
233:
216:
215:
198:September 2022
130:
128:
121:
114:
113:
72:
70:
63:
58:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6438:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6343:ethnic groups
6340:
6335:
6334:
6331:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6292:Local (China)
6290:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6156:Herzeg-Bosnia
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6057:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5986:
5983:
5981:
5978:
5976:
5973:
5971:
5968:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5906:
5903:
5901:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5881:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5680:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5645:
5643:
5640:
5638:
5635:
5634:
5632:
5628:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5558:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5492:
5482:
5479:
5477:
5474:
5472:
5469:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5404:
5401:
5397:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5096:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5082:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5048:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5008:
5006:
5002:
4996:
4993:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4937:
4936:in Bangladesh
4934:
4933:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4919:Southern Asia
4917:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4865:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4844:
4838:
4835:
4831:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4749:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:South America
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4654:North America
4652:
4649:
4645:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4610:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4513:
4510:
4504:
4500:
4493:
4488:
4486:
4481:
4479:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4386:Triune Russia
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4361:Russian world
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Patria Grande
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4262:Greater Yemen
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4237:Greater Syria
4235:
4233:
4232:Greater Spain
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Greater Samoa
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4201:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Greater Nepal
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:Greater Italy
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Greater India
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4083:Greater China
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4046:Gran Colombia
4044:
4042:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3802:Pan-Mongolism
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3777:Pan-Indianism
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3745:Pan-Germanism
3743:
3741:
3740:Pan-Finnicism
3738:
3736:
3735:Pan-Celticism
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Pan-Caribbean
3723:
3721:
3718:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3656:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3607:
3606:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3413:
3410:
3399:
3392:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3353:Organizations
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3308:Vattisen Yaly
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3101:Bashkortostan
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2995:
2991:
2990:Turkification
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2944:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2611:
2606:
2605:Baraba Tatars
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2413:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:Common Turkic
2358:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2337:Western Yugur
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2152:Crimean Tatar
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
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475:Ottoman Turks
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384:human society
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331:pan-Germanism
328:
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319:Sino-Tibetans
316:
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303:Central Asian
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159: –
158:
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153:Find sources:
147:
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131:This article
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35:
30:
21:
20:
6338:
6337:
6266:Székely Land
6231:Pashtunistan
6081:Balawaristan
5863:
5854:South Slavic
5844:Scandinavian
5374:Volga Region
4988:in Sri Lanka
4846:Eastern Asia
4707:Puerto Rican
4522:North Africa
4506:Nationalisms
4346:Pashtunistan
4301:Latin Africa
4271:
4135:Greater Iraq
4130:Greater Iran
4107:
3992:Celtic union
3960:Baltoscandia
3882:
3842:Pan-Tatarism
3827:Scandinavism
3792:Pan-Latinism
3787:Pan-Islamism
3767:Panhispanism
3720:Pan-Asianism
3633:Pan-Andinism
3287:Qalandariyya
3262:Christianity
3073:Turkmenistan
3011: /
3002:Turco-Mongol
2938:
2441:Azerbaijanis
1976:(1): 12–23.
1973:
1969:
1922:
1905:
1878:
1862:
1858:
1834:
1819:
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1803:
1784:
1774:
1768:. p. 2.
1760:
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1697:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1657:
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1189:
1181:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1133:
1123:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1021:Pan-Asianism
942:
907:
898:
875:
864:
860:
844:
836:Central Asia
784:Eastern Asia
765:
756:
732:
727:
725:
716:
695:
690:
688:
666:and abroad.
633:
617:
604:
599:
578:Central Asia
563:
491:Central Asia
471:
455:
428:
420:
415:
410:
404:
392:
377:
364:
358:
254:
251:pan-Turanism
250:
246:
245:
222:
204:
195:
185:
178:
171:
164:
152:
140:Please help
135:verification
132:
102:
96:January 2024
93:
74:
50:
43:
37:
36:Please help
33:
6271:Tamil Eelam
6251:Saraikistan
6131:Hatay State
6086:Balochistan
6040:Wallmapuwen
5734:Bangladeshi
5206:Montenegrin
5110:Azerbaijani
5074:Pan-Turkism
4815:Palestinian
4758:Middle East
4666:Greenlandic
4570:East Africa
4391:Union State
4311:Malay world
4284:Intermarium
4247:Great Timor
4198: [
4005: [
3923:Anglosphere
3904:Territorial
3895:Yugoslavism
3858:Pan-Turkism
3845: [
3837:Pan-Slavism
3832:Pan-Serbism
3782:Pan-Iranism
3772:Pan-Iberism
3664:Pan-Arabism
3653: [
3636: [
3570: [
3553: [
3516: [
3503:Eurasianism
3453:Atlanticism
3277:Malamatiyya
2929:Pan-Turkism
2909:Grey Wolves
2874:Oghuz Turks
2794:Afghanistan
2579:Qarai Turks
2509:Karakalpaks
2277:Sakha/Yakut
2167:Fuyü Gïrgïs
2122:Azerbaijani
1923:Pan-Turkism
1658:Nikkei Asia
1117:(in Latin).
1041:Turan Group
996:Eurasianism
886:Grey Wolves
871:Enver Pasha
840:Young Turks
792:Orientalist
772:Ziya Gökalp
710:Cluj-Napoca
684:Pan-Slavism
466:World War I
458:Ziya Gökalp
447:pan-Turkism
335:pan-Slavism
6365:Categories
6317:Indigenous
6261:Sindhudesh
6241:Santa Cruz
6161:Hutu Power
6091:Bangsamoro
5682:Australian
5657:Lithuanian
5572:Andalusian
5350:Circassian
5314:Belarusian
5262:in Austria
5196:Macedonian
5152:in Albania
5041:Vietnamese
4875:Hongkonger
4868:chauvinist
4549:Pharaonism
4438:Pan-ethnic
4413:Upper Peru
4376:Sinosphere
4316:Maphilindo
4306:Lusosphere
4279:Indosphere
4273:Hispanidad
3945:Arab world
3940:Arab Union
3863:Rattachism
3257:Burkhanism
3222:Aiyy Faith
3141:Nakhchivan
3078:Uzbekistan
3058:Kyrgyzstan
3053:Kazakhstan
3048:Azerbaijan
2919:Burkhanism
2745:Montenegro
2709:Dodecanese
2370:Old Uyghur
2355:Old Turkic
2257:Old Turkic
2192:Karakalpak
1663:12 January
1016:Heimosodat
949:Bulgarians
832:Great Game
702:Bratislava
654:, and the
640:Turanizmus
378:The term "
350:Max Müller
315:South Asia
271:linguistic
267:biological
265:claims of
168:newspapers
157:"Turanism"
39:improve it
6221:Occitania
6206:Manchukuo
6196:Lezgistan
6191:Kurdistan
6136:Hazarajat
6121:Circassia
5883:Movements
5834:Pakistani
5809:Mongolian
5749:Congolese
5662:Norwegian
5652:Icelandic
5617:Valencian
5612:Navarrese
5597:Castilian
5577:Aragonese
5541:Sardinian
5324:Ukrainian
5294:Slovenian
5274:Hungarian
5189:in Cyprus
5169:Aromanian
5157:in Kosovo
5062:Mongolian
4978:Sinhalese
4948:Dravidian
4905:Taiwanese
4853:Cantonese
4830:in Cyprus
4800:Jordanian
4723:Argentine
4695:Caribbean
4686:Québécois
4634:Afrikaner
4336:Occitania
4331:Kurdistan
3997:Cossackia
3913:Abya Yala
3594:One China
3468:Berberism
3303:Zahediyeh
3298:Safaviyya
3247:Bayramiye
3242:Batiniyya
3217:Shamanism
3200:Religions
3191:Turkology
3151:Tatarstan
3136:Khakassia
3106:Chuvashia
3032:Locations
3009:Tian Shan
2985:Migration
2960:Turkestan
2943:Hungarian
2934:Turkesism
2631:Kryashens
2619:Astrakhan
2544:Krymchaks
2504:Karachays
2425:Telengits
2421:Kumandins
2347:Alphabets
2177:Ili Turki
2087:Languages
2006:251097785
1990:0003-0554
1930:, Mainz:
1790:Routledge
1614:cite book
1321:251097785
1305:0003-0554
1291:(1): 16.
953:Estonians
927:Quechuans
919:Melungeon
788:Bosphorus
754:in 1941.
720:racialism
672:Turkestan
636:Hungarian
601:attained.
550:By region
501:of South
487:Turcomans
323:East Asia
45:talk page
6371:Turanism
6181:Katarism
6106:Chameria
6059:Projects
5864:Turanian
5859:Tunisian
5829:Oceanian
5819:Nigerian
5769:Hispanic
5764:Germanic
5754:European
5687:Hawaiian
5637:Estonian
5607:Galician
5592:Canarian
5582:Asturian
5551:Venetian
5546:Sicilian
5536:Padanian
5510:Corsican
5471:Scottish
5365:Ossetian
5284:Silesian
5267:Völkisch
5242:Bavarian
5237:Austrian
5216:Romanian
5201:Moldovan
5179:Croatian
5147:Albanian
5115:Georgian
5105:Armenian
5084:Siberian
5011:Filipino
4926:Assamese
4895:Okinawan
4880:Japanese
4810:Lebanese
4788:Diaspora
4770:Assyrian
4738:Peruvian
4647:Americas
4597:Tigrayan
4544:Egyptian
4428:Zambesia
4381:Tamazgha
3906:concepts
3883:Turanism
3267:Hurufism
3212:Tengrism
3161:Xinjiang
3116:Gagauzia
2965:Mongolia
2939:Turanism
2914:Kemalism
2902:Politics
2864:Kipchaks
2844:Göktürks
2839:Dughlats
2693:Bulgaria
2681:Abkhazia
2656:Turkmens
2639:Nağaybäk
2469:Bashkirs
2433:Tubalars
2417:Chelkans
2411:Altaians
2365:Cyrillic
2267:Pecheneg
2232:Krymchak
2137:Chagatai
2110:Southern
2105:Northern
1898:(1922).
1865:: 19–32.
1805:Turanian
1782:(2007).
1523:Archived
1504:Archived
1485:Archived
1466:Archived
1447:Archived
980:See also
925:and the
904:Americas
878:ideology
812:Tanzimat
752:Bulgaria
580:(in the
525:and the
483:Anatolia
369:Scythian
291:Tungusic
287:Mongolic
247:Turanism
6256:Silesia
6226:Ossetia
6201:Luhansk
6176:Karelia
6166:Ilirida
6146:Donetsk
6071:Assyria
5874:Ugandan
5839:Russian
5784:Iranian
5774:Iberian
5744:Chinese
5719:African
5675:Oceania
5647:Finnish
5642:Faroese
5602:Catalan
5567:Spanish
5531:Lombard
5526:Italian
5466:English
5461:Cornish
5456:British
5440:Walloon
5435:Occitan
5420:Flemish
5410:Arpitan
5381:Chuvash
5329:Yiddish
5319:Russian
5252:Frisian
5221:Serbian
5174:Bosniak
5079:Pashtun
4995:Tripuri
4968:Punjabi
4931:Bengali
4910:Tibetan
4858:Chinese
4825:Turkish
4805:Kurdish
4793:Zionism
4784:Jewish
4775:Iranian
4733:Mapuche
4728:Criollo
4702:Haitian
4661:Chicano
4606:Nigeria
4561:Sahrawi
4448:Latinos
3950:Assyria
3344:Chovgan
3324:Kyz kuu
3237:Alevism
3174:Studies
2970:History
2953:Origins
2884:Türgesh
2854:Khazars
2849:Karluks
2829:Bulgars
2804:(Sakha)
2782:Uyghurs
2761:Tunisia
2749:Romania
2729:Lebanon
2697:Croatia
2685:Algeria
2674:Turkish
2666:Iranian
2651:Tofalar
2623:Chinese
2584:Qashqai
2569:Naimans
2514:Kazakhs
2494:Dolgans
2479:Chuvash
2474:Chulyms
2464:Balkars
2456:Georgia
2452:Armenia
2429:Teleuts
2406:Afshars
2398:Peoples
2375:Persian
2312:Turkmen
2307:Turkish
2272:Qashqai
2227:Kipchak
2147:Chuvash
2127:Bashkir
1998:1944138
1879:Rozaneh
1313:1944138
1130:"Tūrān"
1088:7 March
1036:Tartary
957:Mongols
923:Eskimos
915:Siberia
851:Turkish
828:British
824:Russian
786:to the
676:Uyghurs
664:Hungary
644:Magyars
624:Hungary
594:Mongols
586:Magyars
560:Finland
543:Manchus
539:Mongols
535:Siberia
523:Finland
515:Hungary
511:Magyars
445:(as in
439:Magyars
275:Eurasia
257:, is a
182:scholar
82:Please
6312:German
6297:Racial
6141:Danzig
6126:Crimea
6111:Champa
6076:Azawad
6066:Arakan
5869:Turkic
5849:Slavic
5824:Nordic
5804:Libyan
5794:Korean
5779:Indian
5759:Finnic
5739:Celtic
5587:Basque
5505:Basque
5476:Ulster
5425:French
5415:Breton
5360:Lezgin
5355:Ingush
5289:Slovak
5279:Polish
5257:German
5133:Europe
5089:Uyghur
5057:Baloch
4973:Sindhi
4958:Meitei
4953:Hazara
4900:Ryukyu
4890:Manchu
4885:Korean
4820:Syrian
4676:Lakota
4592:Somali
4582:Amhara
4577:Acholi
4556:Kabyle
4539:Coptic
4534:Berber
4515:Africa
4441:groups
3493:Enosis
3334:Kokpar
3329:Jereed
3292:Rifaʽi
3282:Qadiri
3111:Crimea
3068:Turkey
3018:Otuken
2879:Shatuo
2869:K'o-sa
2834:Cumans
2824:Bulaqs
2808:Yugurs
2802:Yakuts
2787:Uzbeks
2777:Tuvans
2753:Serbia
2725:Kosovo
2721:Israel
2705:Cyprus
2662:Afghan
2635:Mishar
2613:Tatars
2574:Nogais
2564:Kumyks
2549:Kyrgyz
2534:Khalaj
2529:Khakas
2499:Gagauz
2327:Uyghur
2247:Kyrgyz
2217:Khazar
2212:Khalaj
2207:Khakas
2202:Kazakh
2187:Karaim
2172:Gagauz
2162:Dolgan
2142:Chulym
2132:Bulgar
2095:Afshar
2080:topics
2078:Turkic
2032:
2025:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1827:
1796:
1709:
1319:
1311:
1303:
1174:
1113:]
820:Cyprus
762:Turkey
708:, and
706:Košice
555:Europe
529:, the
517:, the
509:, the
503:Russia
499:Tatars
497:, the
495:Persia
485:, the
311:Europe
295:Uralic
293:, and
283:Turkic
184:
177:
170:
163:
155:
6322:White
6307:Black
6285:Other
6276:Tibet
6246:Sápmi
5799:Latin
5789:Iraqi
5729:Asian
5697:Māori
5560:Spain
5519:Italy
5481:Welsh
5430:Irish
5386:Tatar
5247:Czech
5184:Greek
5021:Malay
5016:Khmer
4983:Tamil
4780:Iraqi
4618:Ogoni
4423:Turan
4202:]
4009:]
3853:]
3657:]
3640:]
3574:]
3557:]
3520:]
3446:Ideas
3339:Jigit
3232:Islam
3146:Sakha
2924:Jadid
2859:Kimek
2769:Yemen
2757:Syria
2733:Libya
2713:Egypt
2701:Crete
2643:Volga
2627:Lipka
2594:Shors
2589:Salar
2556:China
2521:China
2332:Uzbek
2317:Tuvan
2297:Tatar
2282:Salar
2252:Nogai
2237:Kumyk
2157:Cuman
2100:Altai
2002:S2CID
1994:JSTOR
1317:S2CID
1309:JSTOR
1115:(PDF)
1109:[
965:Turks
961:Finns
890:Asena
748:Japan
590:Turks
574:Finns
519:Finns
423:Aryan
380:Turan
373:Cuman
299:Inner
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